Bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Unit 8: Our world heritage sites

Nội dung text: Bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Unit 8: Our world heritage sites

1. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES UNIT 8 (LANGUAGE FOCUS) Omission of relative pronouns (Sự lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ) Các đại từ quan hệ who, that, which có thể là chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ví dụ: Mary is the girl who invited us to the party. who là chủ ngữ: She invited us to the party. Mary is the girl who we met last night who là tân ngữ: We met her last night. Ta thường lược bỏ who, that, which khi chúng là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ hạn định (defining relative clause). Ví dụ: Mary is the girl we met last night. (We met her last night.) Have you seen the book I put on this table? (I put it on this table.) Nhưng ta không thể bỏ who, that, which khi chúng là chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ví dụ: Mary is the girl who invited us to the party. (Not: Mary is the girl invited us to the party.) Have you seen the book that was on this table? (Not: Have you seen the book was on this table?) Ta cũng có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ mà đại từ quan hệ này thay cho danh từ được một tính từ so sánh bật nhất bổ nghĩa. Ví dụ: This is the best meal (that) I've eaten. Ta có thể dùng whom thay cho who khi nó là tân ngữ của động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Ví dụ: I met a woman whom I know. (I know her) whom thường được dùng trong lối văn trang trọng hơn là trong văn nói thường ngày, vì vậy nên who, that thường được dùng hơn và có thể được lược bỏ. Ví dụ: I met a woman (who) I know. REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ tỉnh lược) Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng cụm động tính từ hiện tại (present participle) hoặc cụm động tính từ quá khứ (past participle) và không có đại từ quan hệ ta gọi là mệnh đề quan hệ tỉnh lược. 1. Ta dùng present participle (-ing phrase) để thay thế cho động từ mang nghĩa chủ động. Ví dụ: There are two students who are waiting outside. → There are two students waiting outside. 2. Ta dùng past participle (-ed phrase) để thay thế cho động từ mang nghĩa bị động. Ví dụ: The strawberries which had been dipped in chocolate were really delicious. → The strawberries dipped in chocolate were really delicious. Ghi chú: a) Participles (-ing phrase /-ed phrase) thay thế cho động từ ở các thì quá khứ, hiện tại và tương lai. Ví dụ: 1
2. The winner is the person who scored / scores / will score the most points in the game. → The winner is the person scoring the most points in the game. First prize is for the most points which were scored / are scored / will be scored in the game. → First prize is for the most points scored in the game. b) Participles (-ing phrase /-ed phrase) cũng có thể được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định, thường được dùng trong lối văn mô tả và tường thuật. Ví dụ: The old car, trailing black smoke, drove off towards town. (= which was trailing black smoke) Robert Ball, nicknamed 'Big Bob', was my favourite teacher. (= who was nicknamed) c) Not dùng để đặt trước một ngữ phân từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn ở hình thức phủ định. Ví dụ: My parents, not having much money, never went on holiday. (= who didn't have) I'd prefer shirts not made with polyester if you have any. (= which aren't made) 3. Ta dùng to-infinitive (không dùng ngữ phân từ) khi danh từ được thay thế bằng đại từ quan hệ được bổ nghĩa bằng tính từ so sánh bậc nhất hoặc được những từ như first, second, only, last, next v.v bổ nghĩa. Ví dụ: Neil Armstrong was the first person who walked on the moon. → Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. (NOT: Ned Armstrong was the first person walking on the moon.) Hoặc dùng to - infinitive để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang ý nghĩa chỉ mục đích. Ví dụ: English is an important language which we have to master. → English is an important language to master. This is a wonderful restaurant where we can have dinner. → This is a wonderful restaurant to have dinner. PRACTICE TEST 1 A. LANGUAGE I. PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. intact B. pine C. comprise D. profile 2. A. architecture B. feature C. manure D. infrastructure 3. A. cultural B. natural C. mature D. century 4. A. palace B. intact C. natural D. mosaic Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. 1. A. dynasty B. citadel C. palace D. preserve 2. A. elegant B. various C. reasonable D. efficient 3. A. experience B. heritage C. architecture D. monument 4. A. remain B. remarkable C. exotic D. sightseeing II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence. 2
3. 1. Most of the house remains, ___even after two hundred years. A. intact B. damaged C. complete D. destroyed 2. The building stands as the last remaining___of the town's cotton industry. A. extinct B. relic C. heritage D. nature 3. Eventually the___was overthrown, and the country became a republic. A. family B. generation C. ancestor D. dynasty 4. The local people are very hospitable ___strangers. A. to B. with C. at D. for 5. Tourists may never forget their cave dinner or ___the view from the mountain top overlooking the bay. A. breathtaken B. breathtaking C. breathtake D. breathing 6. The city___during the war has now been rebuilt. A. destroyed B. destroy C. destroying D. which destoyed 7. The boy ___a pair of square glasses is my son. A. wears B. with C. who wearing D. that wear 8. Those books___on the table were mine. A. lying B. lies C. lied D. having been lying 9. Taj Mahal, ___by Shah Janhan for his wife, is thought to be one of the great architectural wonders of the world. A. being built B. was built C. which was built D. been built 10. What are the most interesting things for a tourist___in your city? A. see and do B. to see and do C. seeing and doing D. can see and do III. WORD FORM Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). What do the Eiffel Tower, the White House and Nelson's Column all have in common. One thing is (0) obviously that OBVIOUS they are all famous landmarks. Another is that they have been at the centre of (1) ___by clever (2) ___ DECEIVE with an understanding of human nature. The (3) ___ persen was surely Count Victor CRIME Lustig. In 1925, the (4) ___ Lustig informed some SUCCEED businessmen that the Eiffel Tower was going to be demolished because it was (5) ___. Pretending to be PERSUADE an official, he asked them to bid for the scrap metal that would result. His (6) ___to one of them, a certain SAFE Monsieur Poisson, that his offer would receive(7) ___consideration if he, SUGGEST Lustig, received a "present", was received with great (8) FAVOUR ___. Lustig had chosen Poisson on purpose as being ENTHUSIASTIC the greediest and most (9) ___of them all. As soon as HONEST 3
4. Lustig got the bribe he left France. Understandably, Poisson SHAME was too (10) ___to do anything. IV. ERROR CORRECTION Identify the underlined part of each sentence that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct 1. The Great Wall of China is considered one of the greatest wonders in the world thanks to its magnificence and significant. A. is considered B. the greatest wonders C. thanks to D. significant 2. The purpose of the United Nations, broad speaking, is to maintain peace and security and to encourage respect for human rights. A. of B. broad speaking C. is D. to encourage 3. The first electric lamp had two carbon rods from which vapor serves to conduct the current across the gap. A. The first B. which C. serves D. to conduct 4. The Chinese were the first and large ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad system. A. The Chinese B. large C. to work D. of 5. Vietnam exports a lot of rice is grown mainly in the south of the country. A. exports B. is grown C. in the south D. the country B. READING Exercise 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD The Thames Barrier is a (1) ___ part of the flood defence scheme for protecting London (2) ___rising water levels. The defenses (3) ___include raised river embankments and additional flood gates at strategic points, including the Barking Barrier. The unique structure that is the Barrier spans the 520-metre wide Woolwich reach and (4) ___ of 10 separate movable gates, each pivoting and supported between concrete structures which house the operating machinery. When raised, the four main gates (5) ___stand as high as a five-storey building and as wide as the opening of Tower Bridge. Each (6) ___3700 tonnes. During the first twelve years of (7) ___, the Barrier has been closed twenty nine times to protect London. (8) ___ the Barrier from the comfortable cafeteria. Picnic on the riverside embankment. Enjoy beautiful views from the riverside walk. Visit the shop (9)___ a large selection of souvenirs, books and Barrier information. There is a children's play area suitable for 4-to 12-year-olds, located adjacent to the riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a (10) ___experience. 1. A. major B. frequent C. similar D. various 2. A. against B. for C. between D. with 3. A. and B. also C. still D. too 4. A. consists B. includes C. involves D. contains 5. A. which B. every C. each D. none 4
5. 6. A. measures B. costs C. concludes D. weighs 7. A. operation B. surgery C. vocation D. profession 8. A. Sight B. View C. Hear D. Explore 9. A. which stock B. which stocks C. which stocking D. that stock 10. A. forgettable B. memorable C. forgetful D. memorised Exercise 2: Read the text and match the information in the statements (1-10) to the paragraphs (A- D). Then decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). THE GIANT'S CAUSEWAY A. If you are sightseeing in Belfast and are tired of the city, you might want to consider a fabulous day trip to one of Ireland's most amazing natural wonders, the Giant's Causeway. It is only one and a half hour by car and the view along the north coast are unforgettable. It is an attraction no tourist visiting Northern Ireland should miss. B. The Causeway is a mass of basalt columns standing very close to one another. The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. There are 40,000 of them and most have six sides. The tallest are about 12 metres high. They were formed 60 million years ago by lava from a volcano which cooled and shrank as it came into contact with the atmosphere. The columns are blue and black, with some red. Each one is separate, and each could be removed without causing any damage to the causeway. C. One old legend says that the Giant's Causeway was built by the great Irish giant, Finn Me Cool. He wanted to use it to get to Scotland to fight with a rival giant. When he got there, he saw-that the Scottish giant was asleep and much bigger than he was, so Finn quickly turned around and ran back home. When the Scottish giant woke up, he came across the causeway to find Finn. But Finn's wife dressed her husband up as a baby and said "Finn is not home and be quiet or you'll wake up the baby". D. When the Scottish giant saw the "baby", he thought to himself that if the baby was that big, Finn must be huge. He was terrified and quickly ran home across the causeway destroying everything but the ends, here at the Giant's Causeway and in Scotland, where similar formations are found. Now the Causeway gets around 500,000 visitors annually from all over the world since it can be reached easily by train, bus or car. And best of all, the Giant's Causeway is open all year round. True (T)/ Para. False (F) 1. The columns get smaller and smaller because of the erosion caused by air. 2. The Giant's Causeway is one of the tourist attractions in Belfast. 3. All the columns are square but have different height. 4. The Causeway would not collapse if a column was taken out. 5. In the end, Finn used a trick and destroyed the Scottish giant. 6. Finn Me Cool thought he was too small to fight the Scottish giant. 7. About half a million people visit the Giant's Causeway every year. 8. Finn and his wife had one baby. 9. Some of the columns are below the surface of the sea. 10. The middle part of the Causeway is lost. 5
6. C. WRITING Complete the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. Most of a child's life is spent in playing. A child spends ___. 2. We have a six o'clock deadline for this work. This work___. 3. It's sad, but unemployment is unlikely to go down this year. Sad___. 4. Most students can work very hard when they feel like it. Most students are capable___. 5. For a teacher of her experience and ability, discipline was not a problem. For such___. PRACTICE TEST 2 A. LANGUAGE I. PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. cuisine B. subsequent C. cultural D. abundant 2. A. relic B. itinerary C. eligible D. intact 3. A. conserve B. poetic C. mosaic D. magnificent 4. A. protect B. recognize C. photograph D. flora Exercise 2: Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others. 1. A. archaeology B. acknowledge C. awareness D. authentic 2. A. citadel B. criteria C. sightseeing D. ecosystem 3. A. opportunity B. geographical C. excavation D. accommodation 4. A. harmonious B. remarkable C. imperial D. mausoleum II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence. 1. My Son Sanctuary is a large ___ of religious relics comprising more than 70 architectural works. A. group B. complex C. pile D. part 2. The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent___. A. accommodation B.cuisine C. price D. order 3. Famously being one of Vietnam's seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Imperial City of Hue has long been a must-see attraction for tourists ___a hidden charm of Vietnam. A. visited B. visit C. visits D. visiting 4. ___ have discovered signs of human activity dating back almost 30,000 years. A. Archaeologists B. biologists C. sociologist D. psychologists 6
7. 5. A fine tomb, ___, marks the grave of the poet Chaucer. A. which in the fifteenth century was erecting B. erected in the fifteenth century C. erecting in the fifteenth century D. being erected in the fifteenth century 6. Near the White House is another famous landmark ___the Washington Monument. A. called B. which call C. it is called D. calling 7. The fifth man___was entirely unsuitable. A. to interview B. to be interviewed C. interviewing D. to be interviewing 8. The most magnificent feature of Taj Mahal___is the central dome on the top of the tomb. A. to notice B. to have noticed C. to be noticed D. noticing 9. According to UNESCO, the Sydney Opera House is a great ___work of the 20th century. A. structural B. cultural C. archaeological D. architectural 10. There are total of ten main majestic gates leading to the Imperial City of Hue, into___two main parts excluding houses and mansions: The Citadel and The Forbidden City. A. which divided B. to divide C. divided D. dividing III. WORD FORM Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Hoi An Ancient town is located in Viet Nam's central Quang Nam Province, on the north bank near the mouth of the Thu Bon River. The inscribed property comprises 30 ha and it has a buffer zone of 280 ha. It is an (0) EXEPTION exceptionally well-preserved example of a small-scale trading port active the 15th to 19th centuries which traded (1)___, both with the countries of Southeast and WIDE East Asia and with the rest of the world. Its decline in the later 19th century ensured that it has retained its traditional urban tissue to a ___(2) degree. REMARK The town reflects a fusion of indigenous and foreign cultures (principally Chinese and Japanese with later European influences) that combined to produce this unique SURVIVE (3) ___. The town comprises a well-preserved complex of 1,107 timber frame buildings, with brick or wooden walls, which include (4) ___monuments, commercial and ARCHITECT domestic vernacular structures, (5) ___an open NOTABLE market and a ferry quay, and (6) ___buildings RELIGION such as pagodas and family cult houses. The houses are tiled and the wooden components are carved with traditional motifs. They are arranged side-by-side in tight, 7
8. unbroken rows along narrow pedestrian streets. There is WOOD also the fine (7) ___Japanese bridge, with a DATE pagoda on it, (8) ___ from the 18th century. The original street plan, which developed as the town became a port, remains. It comprises a grid of streets with one axis parallel to the river and the other axis of streets and alleys set at right angles to it. Typically, the buildings front the streets for convenient customer access while the backs of the buildings open to the river allowing easy loading and off¬loading of goods from boats. SURVIVE The (9) ___ wooden structures and street plan are original and intact and together present a traditional townscape of the 17th and 18th centuries, the survival of which is unique in the region. The town continues to this day to be occupied and function as a trading port and DIVERSITY centre of commerce. The living heritage reflecting the (10) ___communities of the indigenous inhabitants of the town, as well as foreigners, has also been preserved and continues to be passed on. Hoi An Ancient Town remains an exceptionally well-preserved example of a Far Eastern port. IV. ERROR CORRECTION Identify the underlined part of each sentence that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct 1. With its thousands of rocks and caves emerged out of the water, Ha Long Bay has won international recognition. A. its B. thousands of C. emerged D. has won 2. Almost all books have a few errors in them in spite of the care taken to check its proof pages before the final printing. A. Almost all B. in spite of C. taken D. its 3. When a patients blood pressure is much higher than it should be, a doctor usually insists that he will not smoke. A. much B. than it C. should be D. will not 4. In 1960 John F. Kennedy became the youngest man ever to elect president. A. In 1960 B. became C. ever D. to elect 5. Life has become much easier for people living near the world heritage sites because of there are more and better paid jobs there. A. much easier B. living C. because of D. better paid jobs B. READING Exercise 1: Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has issued a (1) ___warning about the future of the world's natural World Heritage sites. It says half of the sites are (2) ___risk from different industries. The WWF warned that harmful industrial activities such (3) ___mining, dredging or 8
9. drilling for oil are endangering the future of 114 of 229 sites. Other factors (4) ___to the risk include illegal logging and unsustainable water use. All of these are in addition to the damage being (5) ___by climate change. The WWF says the sites affected include Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the Grand Canyon National Park in the USA, and China's Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, which are (6) ___to more than 30 per cent of the world's endangered pandas. The director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre said it was (7) ___to everyone to protect these sites. She said: "World Heritage is humankind's (8) ___ heritage and the responsibility for its conservation is shared by everyone." She (9) ___government efforts at reducing what they take from the Earth, saying: "The WWF's report comes at a time when governments and the private sector around the world are stepping (10) ___ their action against harmful extractive uses." However, the WWF said that more than 11 million people worldwide (11) ___on World Heritage sites for food, water, shelter, jobs and medicine, and that non-stop development could harm (12) ___as well as the environment. 1. (A) Stalk (B) Stork (C) stake (D) Stark 2. (A) of (B) to (C) by (D) at 3. (A) was (B) as (C) has (D) ease 4. (A) add (B) adds (C) adding (D) addition 5. (A) did (B) doing (C) done (D) do 6. (A) home (B) house (C) village (D) residence 7. (A) across (B) up (C) as (D) high 8. (A) common (B) commonly (C) commoner (D) commons 9. (A) happy (B) welcomed (C) greetings (D) salutation 10. (A) on (B) across (C) up (D) over 11. (A) relay (B) rally (C) rely (D) really 12. (A) rain hoods (B) likelihoods (C) hoodies (D) livelihoods Exercise 2: Read the following article and choose the best answer UNESCO TO THE RESCUE Without someone protecting the world's interesting and ancient sites, they could easily be swept away by the changing world. In 1959, the government of Egypt was working on a plan to build a dam on the River Nile. It was called the Aswan Dam, and it was intended to generate electricity and allow the river water to be used for agriculture. There was one big problem with the plan, though. The dam would flood a nearby valley that contained ancient Egyptian treasures, including two enormous stone temples. It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if countries always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up being destroyed. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince Egypt to protect its ancient treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally successful. The huge temples were carefully removed from their original site and moved to a safe location so that the dam could be built. UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between countries from all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human rights, and help countries develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned with science and culture. 9
10. After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around the world. They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With industrialization changing the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved. Eventually, UNESCO formed the World Heritage Organization to protect important natural and historic sites wherever it was necessary. By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from beautiful natural islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of the many protected sites, you'll agree it was worth it. 1. Why did UNESCO get involved in Egypt? A. Egypt was planning to build a dam that would harm ancient temples. B. Egypt was planning to build a valley for agriculture and electricity. C. Egypt was planning to create a dam right on top of an ancient temple. D. When the dam flooded a valley, several treasures were discovered. 2. What is meant by the first sentence of the second paragraph? A. Most governments prefer to sell their treasures. B. Money sometimes seems more important than all other things. C. Governments are never able to consider two things at once. D. Governments usually don't know anything about their culture. 3. The United Nations would probably not be involved in ___. A. helping a poor country improve its agriculture B. trying to solve a violent conflict between two nations C. developing a new spacecraft for travel to the moon D. protesting against the killing of the tribes people of a country 4. Why is the World Heritage Organization more important now than it would have been 200 years ago? A. Countries didn't cooperate in the past. B. Cities were smaller back then. C. There were not as many interesting sites 200 years ago. D. Modern business and production are changing the world. C. WRITING Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words. 1. When Mary wanted a new car, she had to save up for a year. TOOK It ___save up to buy a new car. 2. The staff in that office all have great respect for their boss. LOOK The staff in that office___their boss. 3. I would like to express my thanks for everything you have done for me. THANKFUL I'd like to say___am for everything you have done for me. 4. The number of tourists visiting this area rose last year. 10
11. RISE Last year___the number of tourists visiting this area. 5. Local residents said they were against the new traffic scheme. DISAPPROVAL Local residents expressed___the new traffic scheme. 11
12. OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES UNIT 8 PRACTICE TEST 1 A. LANGUAGE I. PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D Exercise 2: 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR Choose the answer which best fit each space in each sentences. 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B III. WORD FORM 1. deception 2. criminal 3. successful 4. persuasive 5. unsafe 6. suggestion 7. favourable 8. enthusiasm 9. dishonest 10. ashamed IV. ERROR CORRECTION 1. D (significance) 2. B (broadly speaking) 3. C. (served) 4. B (largest) 5. B (grown) B. READING Exercise 1: 1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. B Exercise 2: 1. F - B 2. F - A 3. F - B 4. T - B 5. F - D 6. T - C 7. T – D 8. F - C 9. T - B 10. T - D C. WRITING 1. A child spends his/ her life playing. 2. This work must be finished by six o’clock. 3. Sad as it is, unemployment is unlikely to go down this year. 4. Most students are capable of working very hard when they feel like it. 5. For such an experienced and able teacher like her, discipline was not a problem. PRACTICE TEST 2 A. LANGUAGE I. PRONUNCIATION Exercise 1: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D Exercise 2: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 1
13. II. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR Choose the answer which best fit each space in each sentences. 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C III. WORD FORM 1. widely 2. remarkable 3. survival 4. architiectural 5. notably 6. religious 7. wooden 8. dating 9. surviving 10. diverse IV. ERROR CORRECTION 1. C (emerging) 2. D (their) 3. D. (not) 4. D (to be elected) 5. C (because) B. READING Exercise 1: 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. D Exercise 2: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D C. WRITING 1. It took Mary a year to save up to buy a new car. 2. The staff in that office look up to their boss. 3. I’d like to say how thankful I am for everything you have done for me. 4. Last year there was a rise in the number of tourists visiting this area. 5. Local residents expressed the disapproval of the new traffic scheme. 2