Chuyên đề ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Năm học 2018-2019

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề ôn tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Năm học 2018-2019

1. Week: Date of planning:12/3/2019 Date of teaching: 9A , 9C ,9B CHUYÊN ĐỀ I : Tenses I. the Objectives - By the end of the lesson, students will be able to know more about the tenses Ii. Teaching aids - copies, notebooks. III. Teaching procedure 1. Class organization - Checking attendances: 9A: 9B: ,9C I. Present Simple Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc: 1. They (go) on holiday every winter. 8. In his job she usually (stand) . 2. The days (be) longer in summer. 9. My brother never (go) out in the evening. 3. She often (talk) to herself. 10. He usually (work) with paints and brushes. 4. Oak trees (grow) very slowly. 11. Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian? 5 My dog (not eat) vegetables. 12. At work he usually (sit) all day. 6. My brother (not like) animals. 13. (you ever work) at the weekend? 7. Most people (not like) to visit a doctor. II. Present Continuous * Notes : Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng th­êng dïng ë d¹ng tiÕp diÔn : be, understand, think (cho r»ng), know, hear, love, like , stop , feel, smell, taste, sound Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc: 1. What's that noise? Somebody (practise) the piano. 2. She (have) a shower at the moment. 3. Right now she (run) down a hill. 4. I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) a nice dress. 5. 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) TV in the living room.' 6. Don't bother me now. I ___. (to work) 7. Take an umbrella. It ___.(to rain) 8. - Where's Jim? - He ___ with friends.(to stay) III. Simple Past (Qu¸ khø ®¬n) Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday. 2/ My father usually (work) 8 hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00 p.m. 3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer. 4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave) 5 minutes ago. 5/ What you (do) last Sunday ? - I (have) a holiday in New York. IV Past Continuous (Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn) Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) . 2/ The light (go) out while we (have) dinner. 3/ The last time I (see) him, he (wear) a grey suit. 1
2. 4/ Just as I (leave) , a student (stop) me in the hall 5/ Nam (play) football when he (break) his leg. 6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the day before yesterday. 7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was there 2 months ago. 8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him. 9/ My company (make) a lot of profits 5 years ago. 10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on Monday ? 11/ While the two thieves (argue), someone (steal) their car. 12/ When he was a boy at school, Edison (ask) a lot of questions. The teacher (think) he was stupid and she (send) him home. Edison's mother (teach) her son at home and he (begin) to carry out a lot of experiments. 13/ - You (visit) the zoo yesterday ? - Yes, I did. When I (go) there, I (see) our teacher. 14/ Who (invent) the radio ? V. Present Perfect (HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh) Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past. 2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far. 3/ He (visit) his friends recently. 4/ - You (see) her today ? - No, I haven't seen her yet. 5/ She (do) her homework already. 6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life. 7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ? 8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet). 9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in the past 3 days. 10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ? VI.Present Perfect Continuous (HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn) Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ - How long you (learn) English ? - I (learn) English for 5 years. 2/ - Where is Peter ? - He (be) in his room. He (sleep). He (sleep) since 2 o'clock. 3/ They (live) here for 20 years now. 4/ Look ! Her eyes are red and wet. She (cry). 5/ The boy is tired. He (run) for two hours. 6/ You look tired! Yes I (work) ___very hard. 7/ Where's the magazine I gave you? What (you do) ___ with it? 8/ We (have) ___ the same car for twelve years. 9/ This room was white. Now it is blue. He (paint) ___ it. 10/ This is the first time I (drive) ___ a car. Thanks for lending me your car. Past Perfect (Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh) Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ After her husband (get) home, she started to wash the clothes. 2/ When they reached France, they (visit) 13 countries. 3/ When she (arrive) at his house, she (find) that he (leave) a few minutes before. 4/ Before Mr Ron met me, he (do) nothing. 5/ Yesterday I was sorry that I (hurt) him. 6/ They (tell) her that they (not meet ) her before. 7/ When she (realise) her mistakes, she apologised. 8/ When I (meet) my cousin 2 weeks ago, he told me that he just (return) from the South. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE ( Thêi t­¬ng lai ®¬n )(will/ shall) NEAR FUTURE Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi 1/ - Hai has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg. 2
3. - I'm sorry to hear that. I (visit) him. 2/ Look at those clouds. It (rain). 3/ What are you going to do with that dress ? - I (shorten) it. 4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to type. 5/ Listen to this ! I think this news (surprise) you. 6/ Tom, when you (get) married, this month or next month ? 7/ - What you (do) next week ? - I (visit) my grandparents. Week: Date of planning: /3/2019 Date of teaching: 9A , 9C ,9B CHUYÊN ĐỀ II: Adjectives - Adverbs AND WISH SENTENCES I. the Objectives - By the end of the lesson, students will be able to know more about the contents Ii. Teaching aids - copies, notebooks. III. Teaching procedure 1. Class organization - Checking attendances: 9A: 9B: ,9C I. WISH clauses S + WISH / WISHES + S + V2/V-ed / were * Write sentences beginning with “I wish ” 1. I don’t have time to study. 2. I can’t answer the questions. 3. We are not living in London. 4. Nga is not here. 5. They don’t stay in Da Lat. 6. Mai doesn’t know many people in the town. 7. I’m sorry I can’t go to the party. 8. Her work isn’t going well. 9. They will leave France next week. 10. I’m sorry he gets up so late. 11. It’s a pity we don’t know where we are. 12. It’s a pity we haven’t a knife. 13. I’m sorry I don’t know where you are staying. 14. Nga may make a lot of mistakes. 15. My family has to move to Lang Son. 16. I’m sorry I can’t help you. 17. The students keep talking all the time. 18. The tickets are too expensive. 3
4. 19. I’m sorry my friends are poor. 20. I speak English badly. 21. He can’t swim as well as his friends. 22. She has to work on Sunday every week. 23. They are afraid of ghosts and monsters. 24. I don’t know much about him. II. So s¸nh vÒ cÊu t¹o Adv = Adj + ly Eg : - quick - quickly (nhanh) - slow - slowly (chËm) - careful - carefully ( cÈn thËn) - bad - badly (kÐm, tåi) * L­u ý : + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ y biÕn ®æi nh­ sau : - happy - happily ( h¹nh phóc, vui vÎ) - easy - easily (dÔ) - lazy - lazily (l­êi) + Nh÷ng tr­êng hîp kh«ng theo qui t¾c : - good - well ( tèt) - fast - fast (nhanh) - late - late (muén) - much - much ( nhiÒu) - hard - hard ( ch¨m chØ) - early - early (sím) - far - far (xa) 2/ So s¸nh vÒ c¸ch sö dông * Adj : + §øng tr­íc danh tõ (n) : Eg : - He is a careful driver. ( Anh Êy lµ mét l¸i xe cÈn thËn) + §øng sau ®éng tõ to be : Eg : - He is careful. ( Anh Êy cÈn thËn) * Adv : - §øng sau ®éng tõ th­êng : Eg : - He drives carefully.( Anh Êy l¸i xe cÈn thËn) Exercise : Chän tõ ®óng trong sè hai tõ trong ngoÆc : 1. John is reading (careful / carefully). 2. He is a (slow / slowly) learner. 3. Maria Elena speaks Spanish ( fluently / fluent) 4. Rita plays the violin ( good / well). 5. He was working ( hard / hardly). 6. The sun is ( bright / brightly) today. 7. She's a ( fast / fastly ) swimmer. 8. You can do this exercise (easily/ easy). Exercise : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa : 1. Mr Hai is a bad driver. Mr Hai drives 2. She is a careless driver. She 3. Hoa is a fast typist. Hoa 4. Mary dances marvellously. Mary is 5. Celine Dion sings well. Celine Dion is 6. Lien is a good English speaker. Lien speaks 7. Mr Linh is a hard worker. Mr Linh 8. Minh is a fast swimmer. Minh swims 4
5. 9. My father drives well. My father is 10. He runs quickly. He is Week: Date of planning: /3/2019 Date of teaching: 9A , 9C ,9B CHUYÊN ĐỀ III COMPARISONS ( So s¸nh ) So s¸nh TÝnh tõ I. the Objectives - By the end of the lesson, students will be able to know more about the contents Ii. Teaching aids - copies, notebooks. III. Teaching procedure 1. Class organization - Checking attendances: 9A: 9B: ,9C I/ So s¸nh ngang b»ng * MÉu c©u : S + to be + as + adj + as + noun (danh tõ) pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - Nam is as quick as Hai. - They are as happy as we are. us. * L­u ý :- Trong c©u phñ ®Þnh ta cã thÓ dïng so thay cho as : Eg : - Mai isn't as tall as her brother. = Mai isn't so tall as her brother. Exercise 1 : Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh ngang b»ng : 1. Ha Noi / noisy / Ho Chi Minh City. 2. Today / cold / yesterday. 3. My bag / expensive / his. 4. Their house / big / our house. 5. I / not / tired / yesterday. 6. this pen / good / that one ? 7. Her shoes / cheap / mine. II/ Comparative ( So s¸nh h¬n ) 1/ Short adj (TÝnh tõ ng¾n) TÝnh tõ ng¾n lµ tÝnh tõ cã mét ©m tiÕt : Eg : - big, cold, hot, tall MÉu c©u : S + to be + adj + er + than + noun (danh tõ) pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - Hoa is taller than I am. = I'm not as tall as Hoa (is). me. - It was colder yesterday than (it is) today. * L­u ý : + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m, tr­íc khi thªm er, ph¶i gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi. Eg : - big - bigger - hot - hotter + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ e , chØ thªm r : Eg : - large - larger + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt , kÕt thóc lµ y, ®­îc biÕn ®æi nh­ sau : Eg : - happy - happier 5
6. - pretty - prettier (®Ñp) - lazy - lazier ( l­êi) Exercise 1: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n : 1. I / short / my brother. 2. Hai Duong / small/ Ha noi. 3. His shoes / cheap / mine. 4. Russia / big / Canada. 5. This exercise / easy / that one. 6. this car / fast / yours ? 7. Today / cold / yesterday. 2/ Long adj ( TÝnh tõ dµi) TÝnh tõ dµi lµ tÝnh tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt trë lªn: Eg : tired, expensive, difficult, interesting MÉu c©u : S + to be + more +long adj + than + noun (danh tõ) pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - They are more tired than us. = We are not as tired as them. - This exercise is more difficult than that one. 3/ Irregular Adj ( BÊt qui t¾c) - good - better - bad - worse - far - farther / further ( xa) - much - more - many - more - little - less ( Ýt) Eg : - His English is better than mine. = My English isn't as good as his. III/ SUPERLATIVES ( So s¸nh bËc nhÊt ) 1/ Short adj : MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + short adj + est + in / of Eg : - John is the tallest student in his class. = No one in his class is taller than John. = No one in his class is as tall as John. * L­u ý : + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m, tr­íc khi thªm est, ph¶i gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi. Eg : - big - the biggest - hot - the hottest + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ e , chØ thªm st : Eg : - large - largest + Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt , kÕt thóc lµ y, ®­îc biÕn ®æi nh­ sau : Eg : - happy - happiest - pretty - prettiest - lazy - laziest 2. Long adj : MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + most + long adj + in / of Eg : - Freedom is the most important of all. ( Tù do lµ quan träng nhÊt trong sè mäi ®iÒu) = Nothing is more important than freedom. 3. Irregular Adj : - good - the best - bad - the worst - many - the most - much - the most - little - the least - far - the farthest/furthest Eg : - Mai is the best student in our class. Exercise 1: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh nhÊt : 1. Russia / large / country/ in the world. 6
7. 2. She / careful pupil / in my class. 3. Ronaldinho / good / footballer / in the world. 4. Phil / happy / person / we know. 5. These shoes / expensive / of all. 6. Ho Chi Minh City / big city / in Viet Nam. 7. This / interesting film / I / ever / see. 8. Hoa / pretty / girl / in her group. 9. Mr Pike / generous / person / in my town. B/ Comparisons (So s¸nh Tr¹ng tõ) I/ So s¸nh ngang b»ng MÉu c©u : S + V + as + adv + as + noun (danh tõ) pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - Mr Ba works as hard as Mr Lam. * L­u ý : Ta cã thÓ thay as b»ng so trong c©u phñ ®Þnh. Eg : - I can't play the piano as well as my sister. = I can't play the piano so well as my sister. II/ So s¸nh h¬n 1/ Short adverbs (Tr¹ng tõ ng¾n) MÉu c©u : S + V + short adv + er + than + noun (danh tõ) / pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - My brother runs faster than I do. = I don't run as fast as my brother. me. 2. Long adv : MÉu c©u : S + V + more + long adv + than + noun (danh tõ) pronoun (®¹i tõ) Eg : - Mr Jones drives more carefully than Mr Smith. = Mr Smith doesn't drive as carefully as Mr Jones. 3. Irregular adv ( BÊt qui t¾c) Eg : - well - better - badly - worse - much - more - early - earlier - late - later Eg : - Sam can speaks French better than me. - Yesterday he drank more than today. C/ Mét sè l­u ý thªm vÒ c¸c c©u So s¸nh 1. Ta cã thÓ dïng much, (by) far , a lot , a little tr­íc adj vµ adv trong c©u so s¸nh h¬n ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh. Eg : - My bag is much cheaper than my friend's. - My father swims far better than me. 2. Cã thÓ dïng danh tõ víi c©u so s¸nh. Eg : - I have more books than my sister. = My sister doesn't have as many books as I have. - He has more money than his brother. = His brother doesn't have as much money as him. 3. Cã thÓ thay danh tõ sè Ýt b»ng that, danh tõ sè nhiÒu b»ng those nÕu ta kh«ng muèn nh¾c l¹i danh tõ ®ã. Eg : - The salary of a professor is higher than that of a teacher. ( L­¬ng cña gi¸o s­ th× cao h¬n cña gi¸o viªn) (that = the salary) - Classes in the college aren't as difficult as those in the university. (Those = classes) 4. Cã thÓ dïng twice (2 times), 3, 4 times trong c©u so s¸nh ngang b»ng. Eg : - His house is twice as big as my house. (Nhµ cña anh Êy to gÊp ®«i nhµ t«i) 5. The same as ®­îc sö dông trong d¹ng so s¸nh ngang b»ng. Eg : - Ann's salary is as high as Peter's. = Ann's salary is the same as Peter's. - Tom is as old as George. = Tom is the same age as George. (Tom b»ng tuæi George) 6. More and more, better and better, harder and harder, more and more difficult Eg : - His English is getting better and better. (TiÕng Anh cña anh Êy ngµy cµng trë lªn tèt h¬n) 7
8. - These days more and more people are learning English. (Ngµy nay ngµy cµng cã nhiÒu ng­êi häc tiÕng Anh) 7. So s¸nh kÐp : MÉu c©u : The + so s¸nh + chñ ng÷ + ®éng tõ + the + so s¸nh + chñ ng÷ + ®éng tõ Eg : - The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it. (Cµng nghÜ vÒ kÕ ho¹ch ®ã, t«i cµng thÊy kh«ng thÝch nã) - The warmer the weather (is), the better I feel. - The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination. ( B¹n cµng ®i sím b¹n cµng tíi ®Ých sím h¬n) - The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. (Chóng ta cµng trÎ th× häc cµng dÔ) Exercise 1: Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu Eg: It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.(hard) 1/ That hole in your pullover is getting (big) 2/ As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous) 3/ As the day went on, the weather got (bad) 4/ Travelling is becoming (expensive) 5/ Since she has been in Britain, her English has got (good) Exercise 2: Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu Eg: I like warm weather. The warmer the weather , the better I feel (feel) 1. I didn't really like him at first. But the more I got to know him, (like) 2/ She had to wait a very long time. The longer she waited, (impatient/become) 3/ If you use more electricity, your bill will be higher. The more electricity you use, (high) Exercise 3: Chän tõ ®óng trong sè c¸c tõ ®· cho : 1. This car is as expensive as our car. a. double b. twice c. much d. a lot 2. The harder she works, the money she earns. a. better b. much c. more d. less 3. The you are, the it is to concentrate. a. more tired / more hard b. more tired/ harder c. tired / hard d. tired / hardly 4. The she waited, the she became. a. more long / more impatient b. longer / impatient c. long / more impatient d. longer / more impatient 5. The standard of living in Canada is higher in many countries. a. than that b. as that c. than those d. as those 6. My boss is very young. He's than I am. a. younger 10 years b. 10 years more young c. 10 years younger d. 10 years young 7. Life in Hai Phong is expensive than that in Hai Duong. a. a little more b. a little much c. far much d. more a lot 8. What do you think about the parks in London ? Are they bigger in Ha Noi ? a. than that b. than those c. as that d. as those 9. pollution is being produced nowadays. a. Much and much b. Many and many c. Better and better d. More and more 10. The you spend learning, your study result will be. a. much time / the best b. more time / the good c. more time / the better d. better time / the well 11. Is your weight Hoa's. a. the same as b. as the same c. the same like d. like the same REVISION 1 I/ Rewrite the following sentences 1/ They were more tired yesterday than today. Today they 2/ Mr Hai is a good driver. Mr Hai drives 3/ English isn't so difficult as Maths. Maths is 4/ His brother is not so good at French as him. He is 8
9. 5/ His role is more important than mine. My role 6/ I can't swim as well as Jane. Jane 7/ No one in my class is noisier than Lan. Lan is 8/ We didn't do the test as fast as Linh. Linh did 9/ Peter can't run as far as Tim. Tim runs 10/ My kitchen is smaller than yours. Your kitchen 11/ Phong speaks English more fluently than I do. I 12/ She is a dangerous driver. She 13/ Hoa is a careful typist. Hoa 14/ Mary dances marvellously. Mary is 15/ Celine Dion sings wonderfully. Celine Dion is 16/ Lien is a good English speaker. Lien speaks 17/ We don't know a lazier person than her. She is 18/ Nothing is more interesting than football. Football is 19/ I am 20 years old. My brother is 40. My brother is twice 20/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world. Everest is 21/ Minh is the most hard-working in our class. No one 22/ You have more money than us. We 23/ Mr Robinson is the poorest person in our town. No one 24/ No one in my group is better at English than Linh. - Linh is 25/ Phong speaks French more fluently than Thuy. Thuy does 26/ He plays football more skilfully than me. I don't 27/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband. Mrs Hoa 's husband works 28/ He doesn't run as quickly as five years ago. Five years ago he 29/ My sister usually gets up later than me. I don't usually 30/ French is more difficult than English. English 31/ Nam isn't so careless as his brother. Nam's brother 32/ My house is much smaller than his. His house 33/ The streets in Ha Noi aren't as quiet as those in Paris. The streets in Paris 34/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much beer as Mr Withe. Yesterday Mr Withe 35/ Mrs Ha is 2 years younger than Mrs Lanh. Mrs Lanh 36. He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months. The last time 37. I've never been to Scotland before. This is 38. I started learning English 5 years ago. I've 39. The last time I saw him was in 1995. I haven't 40. We haven't seen Ann for ages. It's ages 41. Linda's career as a television presenter began 4 years ago. Linda has been 42. It started to rain at two o'clock. It has 43. Samuel started keeping a diary 2 years ago. Samuel has 44. It is ages since I last saw you. I haven't 45. We last saw him when we were students. We haven't 46. She is the most beautiful girl I've ever met. I've never 47. He hasn't received news from home for two months. The last time II/ Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B, C hoÆc D 1/ Hurry up ! We've been waiting for you. What's taking you so long ? 9
10. - I for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me. A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited 2/ Robert is going to be famous someday. He in 3 movies already. A. has been appearing B. had appeared C. has appeared D. appeared 3/ "Where's Polly ?"" - "She " A. is in her room B. in her room is C. studies in her D. has in her room studied studying studying room 4/ When is Mr Fields planning to retire ? - Soon, I think. He here for a long time. He'll probably retire either next year or the year after that. A. worked B. had been working C. has been working D. is working 5/ Next week when there is a full moon, the ocean tides higher. A. is being B. is C. will be D. will have been 6/ - I once saw a turtle that had wings. The turtle flew into the air to catch insects. - I it. A. don't believe B. am not believing C. didn't believe D. wasn't believing 7/ My family loves this house. It the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago. A. was B. has been C. is D. will be 8/ A minor earthquake occured at 2.00a.m on January 3rd. Most of the people in the village at the time and didn't even know it had occured until the next morning. A. slept B. had slept C. were sleeping D. slept 9/ Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow ? We visit the Natural Museum. A. will B. are going to C. will be D. will have 10/ When I came, everyone A. has left B. had left C. left D. was leaving CHUYÊN ĐỀ IV GERUNDS ( Danh ®éng tõ ) I/ form V+ ing : - swimmimg, having, playing II/ Mét sè mÉu c©u víi danh ®éng tõ 1/ Danh ®éng tõ ®ãng vai trß lµ chñ ng÷ trong c©u - Swimming is my hobby. (B¬i lµ së thÝch cña t«i) 2/ Danh ®éng tõ lµm bæ ng÷ trong c©u (®øng sau to be) - My hobby is swimming. 3/ Danh ®éng tõ ®­îc sö dông sau giíi tõ *Mét sè côm tÝnh tõ +giíi tõ + V-ing to be interested in afraid of bored with capable of tired of doing sth used to good at ( giái vÒ) good for ( tèt cho ai, ®iÒu g×) fond of fed up with excited about ( phÊn khÝch) Eg : - I'm afraid of flying. - Are you bored with staying at home at weekends ? - He's used to getting up early. - Nam is good at learning French. *Mét sè côm ®éng tõ + giíi tõ - succeed in doing sth thµnh c«ng khi lµm g× 10
11. - object to ph¶n ®èi lµm g× - apologise for xin lçi v× ®· lµm g× - go on tiÕp tôc lµm g× - keep on cø, tiÕp tôc - give up tõ bá lµm g× Eg : - He succeeded in finding a good job. - I object to going out. ( T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc t«i ph¶i ra ngoµi) - I object to his going out. (T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc anh ta ra ngoµi) - He apologised (to me) for breaking the glass. (Anh ta xin lçi (t«i) v× ®· ®¸nh vì c¸i cèc) * Mét sè vÝ dô vÒ c¸c giíi tõ kh¸c : After, before, without, like , for , on Eg : - He left my house without saying good bye. ( Anh ta rêi nhµ t«i mµ kh«ng nãi lêi t¹m biÖt) On seeing her mother, she burst out crying. = When she saw her mother, she burst into tears. ( Khi nh×n thÊy mÑ, nã ßa lªn khãc) - After saying good bye to me, he went back to the college. 4/ Danh ®éng tõ ®­îc sö dông sau mét sè ®éng tõ - love doing sth - like - hate - enjoy - begin - start - avoid (tr¸nh) - postpone (tr× ho·n) - mind (ng¹i, phiÒn) - remember (Nhí ®· lµm g×) - regret doing sth ( TiÕc ®· lµm g×) - prevent sb from doing sth ( Ng¨n c¶n ai lµm g×) - suggest (gîi ý lµm g×) - consider (suy tÝnh) - deny (chèi bá) - keep (gi÷, tiÕp tôc) - practise (thùc hµnh) - admit (thó nhËn) - finish - stop Eg : - He suggested visiting the museum. ( Anh ta gîi ý ®i th¨m viÖn b¶o tµng) - We are considering leaving our village. - He kept (on) listening to the radio. - I don't mind working hard. - Would you mind opening the window ? - You should practise speaking English in class. - The bad weather prevented us from having a picnic. ( Thêi tiÕt xÊu ng¨n c¶n chóng t«i ®i picnic) - The children enjoy walking in the rain. - My father started working here when he was 23. - They stopped laughing when the teacher came in. 5/ Danh ®éng tõ ®­îc sö dông ®Ó t¹o thµnh danh tõ kÐp : D®tõ + Danh tõ = Danh tõ kÐp Eg: - a reading lamp (®Ìn ®äc s¸ch) = a lamp for reading - a travelling bag ( tói du lÞch) = a bag for travelling 6/Danh ®éng tõ ®­îc sö dông sau mét sè côm tõ sau - can't stand/ can't bear kh«ng thÓ chÞu ®ùng ®­îc - can't help / can't resist kh«ng thÓ ®õng ®­îc - look forward to mong muèn 11
12. - It's no use v« Ých khi lµm g× - It's no good - There's no point in - It's (not) worth ThËt (kh«ng ) ®¸ng Eg : -I look forward to hearing from you. ( T«i mong nhËn ®­îc tin cËu) - It's no use waiting for her. ( ThËt v« Ých khi ®îi c« ta) There's no point in asking him for money. - We can't help laughing when he told his funny story. ( Chóng t«i kh«ng nhÞn ®­îc c­êi khi nghe anh Êy kÓ chuyÖn c­êi) - It's worth reading this book. (ThËt ®¸ng ®äc cuèn s¸ch nµy) 7. S + V + possessive adj / object pronoun + Gerund (Chñ ng÷ + ® tõ + t tõ së h÷u/ ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷ + Danh ®éng tõ ) - object to one's doing sth (ph¶n ®èi ai lµm g×) - insist on one's doing sth (nµi nØ ai lµm g×) - approve / disapprove of one's doing sth (chÊp nhËn/ kh«ng chÊp nhËn ai lµm g×) - dislike one's doing sth (kh«ng thÝch ai lµm g×) Eg : - We object to his/ him coming late. (Chóng t«i ph¶n ®èi anh ta ®Õn muén) - I object to working overtime this week. (T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc ph¶i lµm viÖc qu¸ giê vµo tuÇn nµy) - They insisted on my attending the party. ( Hä nµi nØ t«i ®Õn dù tiÖc) - She insisted on seeing the manager.= She insisted that she had to see the manager. ( C« ta kh¨ng kh¨ng ®ßi gÆp gi¸m ®èc) - His parents disapprove of his marrying that woman. (Bè mÑ anh Êy kh«ng t¸n thµnh anh Êy c­íi ng­êi ®µn bµ ®ã) - I dislike people criticising me unfairly. (T«i ghÐt viÖc mäi ng­êi chØ trÝch t«i kh«ng c«ng b»ng) EXERCISES Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1/ He doesn't enjoy (sit) alone and (do) nothing. 2/ My brother (give) up (fish) last year. 3/ Please go on (write). I don't mind (wait). 4/ Their children (be) afraid of (walk) on the street at night. 5/ Do you mind (turn) off the radio ? 6/ I'm fond of (swim) in the river. 7/ She (hate) (get) up early. 8/ We are fed up with (eat) the same food everyday. 9/ My child is bored with (play) with the same picture. 10/ We like (see) people living peacefully. 11/Are you interested in (have) dinner with me this afternoon ? 12/ Mr Long loves (watch) football on TV. 13/ Nam is used to (stay) up late. 14/ There's no point in (ask) him for money. He's broke. 15/ The bad weather prevented us from (go) on holiday. 16/ (Have) a talk with a man like him is really interesting. Exercise 2: Use the suggestions to write complete sentences 1/ Lan / enjoy / listen / music. 2/ brother/ interested / find / new job. 3/ father / tired / work / his factory. 4/ father / give up / drink coffee / last month. 5/ your sister / fond / go swimming ? 6/ they / bored / talk / their neighbour. 7/ I / begin / learn / English / last year. 8/ They / stop / argue / when / I / arrive. 9/ The workers / start / widen / road / 1999. 12
13. 10/ I can't stand / stay / home all day. 11/ He / leave / restaurant / without / pay the bill. 12/ They / stop / talk/ when / teacher / come in. 13/ Lan / hate / drink milk. 14/ I / not mind / work hard. 15/ sister / afraid / be at home / alone. 16/ We / bored / watch / Vietnamese films / TV. 17/ mother / interested / learn / foreign language. 18/ favourite pastime / fish. 19/ Play chess / not / pastime. 20/ I / not used to / work / overtime. 21/ Children / fed / with / water / flowers. 22/ They / fond / practise English. Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with one suitable word 1/ They're bored watching the same programme everyday. 2/ His wife is washing the dishes. 3/ She enjoys at home on Sunday. 4/ I'm in playing the piano. 5/ We're fond English. 6/ Do you getting the remote control ? Exercise 4: Read the following passage, use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them. Mr Smith used to be a worker, but now he is unemployed. He is 45 years old. It's not easy to start looking for a job at his age. He's interested in learning a new skill but nobody wants to train him. He's tired of sitting around the house. When he was with his factory he was bored with doing the same thing everyday, but now he really enjoys doing a job again. He's looking forward to working in a company in the city. 1/ Mr Smith / unemployed / now ? 2/ How old / he ? 3/ it / easy / start / look / job / his age ? 4/ What / he interested / do ? 5/ anyone / want / train him ? 6/ he / fond / sit/ around / house ? 7/ he / bored / do / same thing/ when / he / with / factory ? 8/ he / enjoy / do / a job / now ? Exercise 5: Complete the following 1/ I don't mind 2/ He's interested 3/ They enjoy 4/ We are afraid 5/ Are you tired ? Exercise 6: Complete the following 1/ A stick for walking is 2/ A rod for fishing is 3/ A pair of shoes for dancing is 4/ A bag for sleeping is 5/ A bag for traveling is Exercise 7: Read the following passage and do the tasks below Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I'm even less lucky. I never catch anything, not even old boots. After having spent the whole morning on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. My friends advise me to give up fishing, but they don't realize one important thing. I'm only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all ! Use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them. 13
14. 1/ What / writer's favourite sport ? 2/ he / catch / anything ? 3/ What / unlucky fishermen / catch ? 4/ What / writer / interested / do ? Exercise 8: §iÒn vµo chç trèng mét giíi tõ thÝch hîp 1/ Jane is always afraid flying. 2/ She's very bad foreign languages. 3/ You should drink this. It is good keeping fit. 4/ They succeeded finding a good job for their children. 5/ I object her coming to work late. 6/ Are you interested collecting stamps ? 7/ Lan's fond cooking. 8/ We're fed up learning philosophy. 9/ Mr Kha is used jogging in the morning. 10/ My teacher is capable writing articles. 11/ The students are bored his lectures. 12/ saying good bye to his wife, he left for London. 13/ I don't feel working here. 14/ He looked angry. He left my house saying good bye. 15/ She apologised her boyfriend hurting him. 16/ My parents approved my going to study at this college. 17/ I want to sell my house. I'm really tired my neighbour playing music at night. 18/ You can't succeed working hard. 19/ We can only succeed working hard. 20/ Do your parents approve your working for that company ? 21/ They are excited going to see the football match. 22/ I find it hard to get used driving on the left. 23/ You should turn off the lights leaving the room. 24/ seeing her brother, Lan burst out crying. Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences 1/ Do you mind if I borrow your pen ? Do you mind ? 2/ "I don't want to walk there alone.", he shouted. He objected to 3/ "Sorry ! I'm late !", she said to me. She apologised 4/ "We don't want you to marry that woman", they said to me. They objected to 5/ Persuading her to come is pointless. It's no use 6 / It's pointless to worry about someone else's problems. There's no point 7/ He tried to escape but the police stopped him. The police prevented him 8/ "I'm sorry that I broke the glass', said Peter. Peter apologised 9/ She doesn't stay up so late. She's not used 10/ It was a bit difficult to get to work this morning. Getting to work CHUYÊN ĐỀ V: Infinitive (§éng tõ nguyªn thÓ) I/ form : TO + V(inf) to work, to play II/ Mét sè mÉu c©u sö dông víi ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ 1/ It + to be + adj + to do sth It is dangerous to go out alone at night.( ThËt lµ nguy hiÓm khi ®i ra ngoµi mét m×nh vµo ban ®ªm) 2/ It + to be + adj + for sb + to do sth It is necessary for you to learn English. ( CËu cÇn ph¶i häc tiÕng Anh) 3/ It + to be + adj + of sb + to do sth It is very kind of you to help me. ( CËu thËt tèt bông khi gióp t«i) 14
15. It was very careless of you to leave the door open last night. ( CËu thËt cÈu th¶ khi ®Ó cöa më tèi qua) 4/ S + to be + too (qu¸) + adj + to do sth - You are too young to get married. (CËu cßn qu¸ trÎ ®Ó lËp gia ®×nh) 5/ S + to be + too + adj + for sb + to do - The bag is too heavy for me to carry. (C¸i tói qu¸ nÆng ®Ó t«i mang) 6/ S + to be + adj + enough + to do sth I'm not strong enough to carry this case. (T«i kh«ng ®ñ kháe ®Ó mang c¸i va li nµy) 7/ S + to be + adj + enough + for sb +to do - The bag isn't light enough for me to carry. 8/ S +V + too + adv + for sb + to do - The cat ran too fast for the dog to catch. 9/ S + V + adv + enough + for sb + to do - He doesn't speak slowly enough for us to understand. (¤ng Êy kh«ng nãi chËm ®Ó chóng t«i hiÓu) 10/ S + to be + the first / second to do sth - He was the first person to leave the party.( Anh ta lµ ng­êi ®Çu tiªn rêi b÷a tiÖc) = He was the first person who left the party. Exercise I : Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt thµnh c©u hoµn chØnh 1/ It / interesting / have a talk / him. 2/ It / unhealthy / live / this / house. 3/ It / boring / stay / home / Saturday. 4/ It / difficult / speak English well. 5/ It / wonderful / have / holiday / Paris. 6/ It / important / you / know how to drive. 8/ It / easy / her / finish work on time. 9/ It / impolite / him / say like that. 10/ It / careless / you / leave / umbrella / train yesterday. 11/ Mr Hai / too old / apply for that job. 12/ Children / too young / join this club. 13/ The test / too difficult / us / do. 14/ house / too expensive / uncle / buy. 15/ We / not / rich / buy / car. 16/ shoes / not / cheap / me / buy. 17/ The task / not / easy enough / us / do. 18/ The robber / ran / too fast / policeman / catch. 19/ They / walking / too slowly / reach the top before night. 20/ Mr Ba / not speak clearly / us / understand. 21/ She / the last / person / come in. 22/ It / careless / you / let / door / open / last night. 23/ It / necessary / us / finish/ work / this afternoon. Exercise II : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa 1/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand. The man didn't 2/ She is very old so she can't dance beautifully. She is too 3/ Your writing is so small that I can't read it. Your writing 4/ To learn English is easy. It is 5 / They think speaking French is difficult. They think 6/ It isn't easy to start looking for a job at his age. Starting 7 / He is very old, so he can't apply for that job. He is too 8 / They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them. They ran too 9 / She spoke too quickly for me to understand. She didn't 10 / Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday. Mrs Hoa wasn't 11/ It is too cold, so we can't go out. It is 15
16. 12/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy. The piano was 13 / Mrs Hoa was the last person who came to visit him. Mrs Hoa 11/ §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ ®øng sau ®éng tõ to be Eg : His ambition is to become a director. ( Tham väng cña «ng Êy lµ trë thµnh gi¸m ®èc) 12/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ- - agree ®ång ý - regret tiÕc ph¶i lµm g× - arrange s¾p xÕp - try cè g¾ng - attempt cè g¾ng - decide quyÕt ®Þnh - fail thÊt b¹i - offer ®Ò nghÞ - neglect l¬ lµ - want - threaten ®e däa - seem cã vÎ, d­êng nh­ - plan lËp kÕ ho¹ch - promise høa - manage xoay së - expect mong chê - refuse tõ chèi - hope hy väng - remember nhí ph¶i lµm g× - need cÇn Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man. - I'll arrange to meet her. - They decided to move to Ha Noi. - Tom failed to catch the train. - I hope to see you again. -They offer to do the shopping for us. - I managed to get out of the car. - She promised to wait for him. - The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bän b¾t cãc däa giÕt ®øa bÐ nÕu bè mÑ cËu b¸o c¶nh s¸t) 13/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ - advise sb to do sth khuyªn - encourage khuyÕn khÝch - allow cho phÐp - permit cho phÐp - remind nh¾c - warn sb not to do sth c¶nh b¸o ai ®õng lµm g× - tell sb to do / not to do sth b¶o ai lµm g× / kh«ng lµm g× - order ra lÖnh - persuade thuyÕt phôc - invite mêi - want - force b¾t buéc - ask yªu cÇu - help Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise. - I remind Minh to bring the umbrella. - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. - My family encouraged me to apply for the job. 14/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ kh«ng "to" - make sb do sth ( B¾t ai lµm g× ) - let sb do sth - hear sb do sth - watch sb do sth - see sb do sth - have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhê ai lµm g×) Eg : - Our father made us work hard. - Don't let him go out too much. 16
17. - I had my neighbour repair my bike. = I got my neighbour to repair my bike. - Someone saw him steal the car. 15. Nh÷ng côm tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ - to be about to do sth ( s¾p söa lµm g×) - to be able to do sth ( cã kh¶ n¨ng lµm g×) - do / try one's best to do sth ( cè g¾ng hÕt søc lµm g×) Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain. - Try your best ! - She hasn't been able to find a job yet. ( C« ta vÉn ch­a thÓ t×m ®­îc c«ng viÖc) 16. §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ dïng sau but , except (trõ, ngo¹i trõ) Eg : - We can do nothing but wait. - She does nothing but complain. ( C« ta ch¼ng lµm g× ngoµi viÖc kªu ca.) 17. S + V + noun + to do sth Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain. - We have a lot of work to do. EXERCISES Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ "You'd better do morning exercise, Minh", said I. I advised 2/ "I won't lend you any more money !", she said to me. She refused 3/ "Don't hurry !", my mother said to me. My mother told 4/ "Don't go too near the elephant !", his father said to him. His father warned him 5/ "Keep silent !', the teacher said to his pupils. The teacher ordered 6/ "I think you'd better not go to work for a few days, Cathy". I advised 7/ Finding a good job nowadays is difficult. It's 8/ Lying in the sun is pleasant. It's 9/ "Please don't tell anyone what happened.", Ann said to me. Ann told me 10/ "You'd better not lend her any money, John", said Jack. Jack advised 11/ " I won't let anyone know your address", she said to me. She promised 12/ "Don't forget to order the supplies I need". My boss reminded me. My boss reminded me Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form 1/ Try to avoid (make) him angry. 2/ Stop (argue) and start (work). 3/ It's no use (cry) over spilt milk. 4/ I suggest (hold) another meeting. 5/ He finished (speak) and sat down. 6/ It's difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks. 7/ He warned her (not touch) the wire. 8/ I want the boys (grow) up hating violence. 9/ We are looking forward to (read) your new book. 17
18. 10/ I advise him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 11/ After (read) this article you will give up (smoke). 12/ Is there anything here worth (read) ? 13/ She promises (wait) for me. 14/ Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else ? 15/ I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead? 16/ He taught me how (light) a fire without matches. 17/ By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time. 18/ The sea was too rough for the children (swim). 20/ He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 21/ I get tired of (stay) at home for my wife keeps (shout) at me all day. 22/ I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught. 23/ His doctor advised him (take) up (jog). 24/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. 25/ People used to (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together. 26/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal. 28/ He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 32/ They try their best (make) us (buy) the things we don't need. 33/ We object to his (go) out. 36/ He was about (leave) when she came. 46/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. 47/ Carol had no difficulty in (make) friends. 48/ When she heard the bad news, she burst out (cry). 49/ They left early in order to avoid (get) caught in the traffic. 50/ We don't want anybody (know) that we are here. 51/ I'm tired of my neighbours (play) their records at full volume at night. 52/ Sam was reluctant, but we finally got him (play) his guitar for us. 53/ My roommate's handwriting is very bad, so he had me (type) his paper for him last night. 54/ (Eat) in restaurant as often as they do is very expensive. 55/ Marone needs (find) another job. Her present company is going out of business. 56/ Joan is considering (move) to London. 57/ I hope (write) my autobiography before I die. 58/ Joy thanked us for (invite) them to dinner. 59/ You should plan (arrive) at the stadium early. 60/ My lawyer advised me (not say) anything further about the accident. 61/ When the university suggested (raise) the tuition again, the student senate protested vigorously. 62/ Are we permitted (bring) the guests to the ceremony ? 63/ The city agreed (accept) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage. 64/ She's so impatient ! She can't stand (wait) in line for anything. 65/ Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't want anyone (call) her at home unless there is an emergency. 66/ I made my son (wash) the window before he could go outside to play with his friends. 67/ It is always interesting (observe) people in airports while you're waiting for a flight. CHUYÊN ĐỀ VI: Present Participles ( Ph©n tõ hiÖn t¹i ) 1. Form : V-ing : working , driving 2. use * Lµm tr¹ng ng÷ trong c©u Eg : - Driving along the road I saw an accident. = When I was driving along the road I saw an accident. ( T«i thÊy mét vô tai n¹n khi t«i ®ang l¸i xe trªn ®­êng. ) 18
19. - Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. = As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. (Sî r»ng c¶nh s¸t sÏ nhËn ra cho nªn h¾n kh«ng bao giê ®i ra ngoµi vµo ban ngµy) * NÕu muèn nhÊn m¹nh hµnh ®éng tr­íc diÔn ra xong råi míi ®Õn hµnh ®éng thø 2 ta dïng d¹ng "Having done" Eg : - Having written the letter, I went to post it. = When I had written the letter, I went to post it. ( Khi ®· viÕt xong th­, t«i mang ®i göi) * §­îc sö dông trong mÉu c©u: - waste time doing sth ( l·ng phÝ thêi gian lµm g×) - spend time doing sth (dïng thêi gian lµm g×) - see sb doing ( Nh×n thÊy ai ®ang lµm g×) - watch sb doing ( Quan s¸t ai ®ang lµm g×) - keep ( B¾t, gi÷ ai lµm g×) - catch ( B¾t gÆp ai ®ang lµm g×) - find ( Ph¸t hiÖn thÊy ai ®ang lµm g×) - feel sth/ sb doing (C¶m thÊy c¸i g× ®ang diÔn ra/ ai ®ang lµm g×) - leave sb doing sth (®Ó cho ai lµm g×) - to be busy doing sth (m¶i mª lµm g×) - go shopping, swimming, hunting, fishing Eg : - Don't waste time playing video games. - We caught a child climbing over the wall. - I saw an old man coming into that house. - Don't keep her waiting ! - Mr Whithe wastes time going to the pub. - My father spent 2 years working in Hue. - They found someone lying under the bed. - Do you want to go dancing this afternoon ? B/ Gerund and infinitive instructions 1. Try a.Try to do sth ( Cè g¾ng lµm gi) Eg : - You should try to work hard. b. Try doing sth ( thö lµm g×) Eg : - I decided to try playing hockey. ( T«i quyÕt ®Þnh thö ch¬i m«n hockey ) 2. Allow a. Allow sb to do sth ( Cho phÐp ai lµm g×) Eg : - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. ( Hä cho phÐp con cña hä xem phim vµo buæi tèi) b. Allow doing sth ( Cho phÐp lµm g×) Eg : - They don't allow smoking here. ( Hä kh«ng cho phÐp hót thuèc ë ®©y) 3. Stop a. Stop doing sth ( Dõng lµm g×) Eg : - They stopped playing football when it rained. ( Hä ngõng ch¬i bãng khi trêi m­a) b. Stop to do sth ( Dõng l¹i ®Ó lµm mét viÖc g× kh¸c) Eg : - They felt tired. They decided to stop to have some drinks. (Hä c¶m thÊy mÖt. Hä quyÕt ®Þnh dõng l¹i ®Ó uèng chót g× ®ã) 4. Regret a. Regret to do sth ( LÊy lµm tiÕc khi ph¶i lµm g×) Eg : - I regret to tell / inform you that say that (T«i lÊy lµm tiÕc khi ph¶i nãi / th«ng b¸o r»ng ) b. Regret doing / not doing sth ( TiÕc ®· lµm / ®· kh«ng lµm g×) Eg : - I regret telling her about that. ( T«i tiÕc ®· nãi víi c« ta vÒ ®iÒu ®ã) - Mike regretted not working hard before. ( Mike thÊy tiÕc lµ tr­íc ®©y ®· kh«ng häc hµnh ch¨m chØ ) 5. Remember 19
20. a. Remember to do sth ( Nhí ph¶i lµm g×) Eg : - I didn't remember to lock the door. ( T«i kh«ng nhí lµ ph¶i khãa cöa) - He didn't remember to post the letter for me. ( Anh Êy kh«ng nhí göi th­ hé t«i) b. Remember doing sth ( Nhí r»ng ®· lµm mét viÖc g× råi) Eg : - We remember lending Mr Ba the book. ( Chóng t«i nhí lµ ®· cho «ng Ba m­în s¸ch) - I remember his telling me about it. ( T«i nhí lµ h¾n ®· kÓ cho t«i vÒ chuyÖn ®ã ) 6. Forget a. Forget to do sth ( Quªn ph¶i lµm g×) Eg : - She forgot to write to me. ( C« ta quªn viÕt th­ cho t«i) = She didn't remember to write to me. ( C« ta kh«ng nhí viÕt th­ cho t«i) - He forgot to do his homework.( Nã quªn lµm bµi tËp) b. Forget doing sth ( quªn r»ng ®· lµm viÖc g× råi) Eg : - I'll never forget meeting the Queen. ( T«i sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn chuyÖn ®· gÆp N÷ hoµng) EXERCISES Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa 1/ "You remembered to phone Mai, didn't you ?" You didn't 2/ When I was running to the stadium, I met Lan. Running 3/ My mother went to bed early because she felt tired. Feeling 4/ After we left the party, we went straight to the theatre. After 5/ They decided to go home because they had seen that film before. Having 6/ She left the restaurant. She didn't pay the bill. She left the restaurant without 7/ Before he lent me the money, my brother had sold his bike. Before 8/ I'm sorry now that I didn't go to university. I regret 9/ "Don't leave the room !", my father said. My father told me Exercise 2 : Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc 1/ Don't forget (lock) the door before (leave). 2/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. 3/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal. 4/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room. Mrs Smiths : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all. 5/ Oh ! I can feel something (crawl) up my leg. It must be an insect. 6/ I'll never forget (meet) her in Ha Long Bay. 7/ He was about (leave) when she came. 8/ When I saw him, he was busy (talk) with his girlfriend. 9/ (See) this film before, I turned off the TV. 10/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ? - Yes, I do. I posted it in the letter box near my gate. 11/ Did you remember (lock) the door ? - No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and do it now. 12/ I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him 2 dollards. 13/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press. 14/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village. 15/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate. 16/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. Exercise for Revision 1/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio. 2/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ? 3/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset. 4/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital. 5/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00. 6/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April. 7/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner. 8/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ? 20
21. 9/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day. They don't have to walk home CHUYÊN ĐỀ VII: So that - Such that ( Qu¸ ®Õn nçi mµ) 1. So that a. So + adj + that +clause Eg : - The weather is so nice that we want to go out. ( Thêi tiÕt ®Ñp ®Õn nçi mµ chóng t«i muèn ®i ch¬i) b. So + adv + that +clause Eg : He ran so fast that nobody could catch him. ( Anh ta ch¹y nhanh ®Õn nçi mµ kh«ng ai cã thÓ b¾t ®­îc anh ta) = He ran too fast for anyone to catch. ( Anh ta ch¹y qu¸ nhanh ®Ó mäi ng­êi cã thÓ b¾t ®­îc) - She was speaking so fast that we could not understand her. ( C« ta nãi qu¸ nhanh ®Õn nçi mµ chóng t«i kh«ng thÓ hiÓu ®­îc) She was speaking too fast for us to understand. ( C« ta nãi qu¸ nhanh ®Ó chóng t«i hiÓu) c. So + much / little + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®­îc + that + clause many /few + danh tõ ®Õm ®­îc Eg: - The Browns had so many children that they formed their own football team. - He has so much money that he can buy all the houses in this area. 2. Such that * Such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that +mÖnh ®Ò Eg : - It is such nice weather that we want to go out. = The weather is so nice that we want to go out. - Nam is so kind that everyone loves him. = Nam is such a kind man that everyone loves him. Exercise I : Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B, C vµ D 1/ I was terrified to move. A. enough B. very C. too D. so 2/ She was a good dancer that she won the prize. A. so B. such C. too D. very 3/ He was not fast to win the race. A. so B. too C.enough D. such 4/ Lan is rich that she can travel anywhere she likes. A. so B.too C. very D. enough Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either so or such. 1. Charlie's ___ a nice boy. 2. The sun was out and the birds were singing. It was ___ a beautiful day in May. 3. The movie Shrek is ___ good it's unbelievable. 4. It was ___ a shame you couldn't come to Laura's party. 5. The ending of the film The Mission was ___ sad I couldn't help crying. 6. Try the cake. It's ___ delicious. 7. I really want you to meet Andy. He's ___ a funny guy. 8. My internet connection is ___ slow it's unbearable. 9. The La Latina part of Madrid is ___ exciting. You have to go there. 10. Thailand is ___ a beautiful country. 11. The Thais are so polite. It makes ___ a change from rude Europeans. 12. The summer of 2003 in Spain was ___ hot. I mean really terrible. 13. Petrol and car insurance are _expensive that you are better off using public transport. 14. It was ___ a relief to finally finish all my exams. 15. Moving my website to another server was ___ a pain. 16. That restaurant makes ___ good pizza. You have to go. 17. There were ___ many people at the concert that we couldn't get seats. 18. They make ___ good goats' cheese in Castilla La Mancha. 19. She talks ___ much it's exhausting. 20. I met ___ many nice people in Had Yai in southern Thailand 21
22. Exercise II : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa 1 / Nam is such a lazy student that no one wants to help him. Nam is so 2/ The journey was so long that all of them got tired. It was 3/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand. The man spoke 4/ They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them. They ran so 5/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy. The piano was so 6/ It is too cold, so we can't go out. It is 7/ She spoke too quickly for me to understand. She spoke so 8/ Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday. Mrs Hoa was so CHUYÊN ĐỀ VIII: Modals (§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu) I/ Can 1. Form * S + can + V * S + can't + V * Can + S + V ? 2. The use * ChØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã biÕt lµm g× ë hiÖn t¹i Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew. - Can you speak English ? - Yes, I can / No, I can't * Dïng trong lêi yªu cÇu ai lµm g× Eg : - Can you get me the pen ? - Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't *Dïng trong lêi xin phÐp lµm g× Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( T«i cã thÓ xin chót cµ phª n÷a ®­î chø ?) II/ Could 1. Form * S + Could + V * S + couldn't + V * Could + S + V ? 2. The use *ChØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã biÕt lµm g× trong qu¸ khø Eg : - I could swim when I was 10. * Dïng trong lêi yªu cÇu lÞch sù Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nhê «ng chØ gióp ®­êng tíi ng©n hµng) * §­îc dïng khi muèn xin phÐp lµm g× Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (T«i cã thÓ nãi chuyÖn víi «ng Baker ®­îc kh«ng ?) * So s¸nh gi÷a could vµ was/were able to (cã thÓ) - Could ®Ó chØ kh¶ n¨ng nãi chung - was / were able to ®Ó chØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã lµm mét viÖc g× trong mét t×nh huèng cô thÓ. Eg : - He could swim when he was 10. - His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it. ( H«m qua nhµ «ng Êy bÞ ch¸y. RÊt may lµ «ng ta ®· tho¸t ra ®­îc) III/ Must 1. Form * S + must + V * S + mustn't + V * Must + S + V ? 2. The use * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i Eg : - He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta ®· ®i bé suèt 2 tiÕng ®ång hå. Ch¾c h¼n anh ta rÊt mÖt) * DiÔn t¶ mét nghÜa vô, ®iÒu cÇn thiÕt ph¶i lµm. 22
23. Eg : - You must work hard. ( Anh ph¶i lµm viÖc ch¨m) * So s¸nh gi÷a must vµ have to (ph¶i) - Have to cã thÓ ®­îc dïng ë hiÖn t¹i, qu¸ khø hoÆc t­¬ng lai. Eg : - I have to clean the door now. - We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday. - You 'll have to come here early tomorrow. - Must kh«ng ®­îc dïng ë qu¸ khø. Dïng had to thay must trong qu¸ khø. Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow. - He had to go to London yesterday. - Mustn't do sth : Kh«ng ®­îc phÐp lµm g× - Not have to do sth : Kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm g× Eg : - You mustn't smoke here. (C¸c anh kh«ng ®­îc hót thuèc ë ®©y) - You don't have to do this. (Anh kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm viÖc nµy) IV/ May ( Cã lÏ) 1. Form * S + may + V * S + mayn't (may not) + V * May + S + V ? 2. The use * Dïng ®Ó ®­a ra pháng ®o¸n Eg : - He may be in his room now. ( Cã lÏ anh Êy ®ang ë trong phßng) = Perhaps he is in his room now. Maybe It's possible that - She may be watching TV now. ( Cã lÏ c« Êy ®ang xem ti vi) = Perhaps she is watching TV now. Maybe It's possible that - He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngµy mai cã thÓ nã sÏ ®i London) = Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow. Maybe * Dïng trong c©u xin phÐp Eg : - May I sit here ? * Dïng trong lêi ®Ò nghÞ Eg : - May I do this for you ? V/ Might 1. Form : * S + might + V * S + mightn't (might not) + V * Might + S + V ? 2. The use Gièng nh­ c¸ch sö dông cña May VI/ Should ( Nªn) 1. Form * S + should + V * S + shouldn't ( should not) + V * Should + S + V ? 2. The use * Dïng trong lêi khuyªn Eg : - You should drink milk. - You shouldn't smoke. VII/ Ought to = Should 1. Form * S + ought to + V * S + oughtn't to + V * Ought + S + to + V ? 2. The use * C¸ch dïng gièng nh­ should 23
24. VIII/ Need (CÇn) 1. Form * S + need + V * S + needn't + V * Need + S + V ? 2. The use * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cÇn thiÕt ph¶i lµm Eg : - Need I go ? ( T«i cã cÇn ph¶i ®i kh«ng ? ) - Yes, you must / No, you needn't - You needn't go Notes : Khi need lµ ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu, nã th­êng ®­îc dïng víi c©u hái vµ c©u phñ ®Þnh. - Need cã thÓ ®­îc dïng nh­ ®éng tõ th­êng. Sau need lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ (to-infinitive) Eg : - Do I need to go ? - You don't need to go. - She needs to go. * C¸ch sö dông ®Æc biÖt cña need sth needs doing / to be done ( C¸i g× ®ã cÇn ®­îc lµm) Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut. EXERCISES Exercise I : H·y chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A.B,C hoÆc D 1/ Mary can to the meeting. A. come B. to come C. coming D.come 2/ Jack should harder. A. studies B. to study C. study D. studying 3/ The whole team must together to win the game. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 4/ To stay alive, people breathe oxygen. A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to 5/ My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. have to 6/ You open the door while he's there because the light will ruin the picture. A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. needn' t to 7/ John has been working for 5 hours. He be very tired. A. can B. may C.must D. should 8/ you please be quiet ? I'm trying to concentrate. A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should 9/ I carry the bag for you ? A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should 10/ Thanks for lending me the money. I pay you back on Friday. A. can B. may C. will D. should 11/ we go on a picnic next Sunday ? A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Should 12/ My granfather was a very clever man. He speak 5 languages. A. could B. can C. may D. must 13/ The phone is ringing. It be Tom. A. may/might B. must C. should D. will 14/ - My salary is very low. - You look for another job. A.shall B.may C.will D. should 15/ I have these postcards please ? A.Can B.Do C. Will D. Should 16/ you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ? A.Do B.Will C Can D. Would 17/ you tell me how to get to the post-office please ? A.Do B.Could C.Have D. May 18/ To be successful mountain climber, you have a great deal of stamina. 24
25. A. must/ have to B. must not C. don't have to Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either don't have to or mustn't in the correct form. 1 Sally! You ___ say rude words like that! 2 Tommy! You ___ pick your nose in class. It's really disgusting. 3 You ___ finish the exercise now. You can finish it at home. 4 James ___ go to church if he doesn't want to. 5 You ___ drive so aggressively. You'll end up killing someone. 6 Helen ___ make racist comments. It makes her seem really ignorant. 7 David ___ answer your emails. There's no law about it. 8 It's OK. You ___ pay now. You can pay me at the end of the month. 9 You ___ stay out so late without ringing me. I was worried sick. 10 You ___ let the cats sleep on my clean shirts. Look. They're covered in hairs. 11 You ___ have lunch with my parents. I'm not forcing you. 12 I ___ forget to phone Granny. It's her birthday tomorrow. Exercise 3: Fill the gaps with need, needn't or should. 1 Remember you ___ to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping. 2 You ___ go to the shop. I've already bought the milk. 3 You ___ say sorry to your teacher for being late. It's only polite. 4 You ___ bother washing up. I'll do it in the morning. 5 She ___ go to church if she doesn't want to. It's not obligatory. 6 If you want to pass all your exams, you ___ to make a good study plan. 7 If there's anything you ___ , let me know. 8 You ___ go and see Granny. You know how happy it makes her. 9 Cheese and biscuits ___ to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the cheese goes hard and the biscuits go soft. 10 You ___ pay now. You can pay me next week. 11 Clare and Simon ___ bring their car. There's plenty of room for them in ours. 12 Families ___ spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly. B/ Modals + Perfect Infinitive 1. Must have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it. ( C¸ch ®©y vµi phót cã tiÕng næ lín. Ch¾c h¼n cËu ®· nghe thÊy) - He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad. ( H«m qua anh ta bÞ ®iÓm kÐm. Ch¾n ch¾n lµ anh ta rÊt buån ) 2. Can't/ Couldn't have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n ®· kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø. Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car. = Surely, he didn't steal your car. - ¤ng Smith ë Paris h«m qua cho nªn ch¾c ch¾n «ng ta kh«ng thÓ lÊy c¾p chiÕc xe cña «ng ®­îc. 3. May/ Might have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cã lÏ ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø. 25
26. Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I left them at my friend's . ( T«i kh«ng thÓ t×m thÊy kÝnh. Cã lÏ t«i ®· ®Ó quªn ë nhµ b¹n t«i) 4. May/ Might not have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cã lÏ ®· kh«ng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø. Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved. ( Vî «ng ta s¸ng nay kh«ng vui. Cã lÏ «ng ta ®· kh«ng mua cho bµ ta c¸i v¸y mµ bµ Êy thÝch) = Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved. 5. Should have done = Ought to have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu lÏ ra ®· nªn lµm trong qu¸ khø. Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to see it. ( H«m qua t«i kh«ng ®i xem phim. Bé phim rÊt hay. LÏ ra t«i nªn ®i xem th× h¬n) 6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have stayed at home. ( T¹i sao h«m qua cËu kh«ng ®i th¨m b¸c ? B¸c Êy muèn gÆp cËu. LÏ ra cËu ®· kh«ng nªn ë nhµ) Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( T«i c¶m thÊy mÖt) - You shouldn't have eaten so much. ( CËu lÏ ra ®· kh«ng nªn ¨n qu¸ nhiÒu) 7. Needn't have done * DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu lÏ ra ®· kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm trong qu¸ khø. Eg : - I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em c¸i mò) - Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (LÏ ra anh kh«ng cÇn ph¶i mua. Bè em ®· mua cho em råi) Exercise I : H·y chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A.B,C hoÆc D 1/ Ali painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He a different colour. a. had to choose b. should have chosen c. must have chosen d. could have been choosing 2. When Mr. Lee was younger, he work in the garden for hours, but now he has to take frequent rests because he has emphysema. a. has got to b. can c. could d. should be able 3. Yesterday I to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there. a. could go b. went c. could have gone d. ought to have gone 4. Jimmy and Marie were mischievous children. They . tricks on their teachers, which always got them into a lot of trouble. a. could play b. used to play c. could have played d. may have played 5. - Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing ? -She that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day. a. may not have committed b. couldn't have committed c. commited d. wasn't supposed to commit 6. Since we have to be there in a hurry, we take a taxi. a. should b. may c. are able to d. have been used to 7. - It rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella ? - That's a good idea. May I borrow yours ? a. had better b. could be c. might d. must 8/ - you hand me that pair of scissors, please ? - Certainly. a. May b. Shall c. Will d. Should 9/ - Larry drove all night to get here for his sister's wedding. He exhausted by the time he arrived. - He was. a. ought to be b. could be c. must have been d. will have been 10/ - You haven't eaten anything since yesterday afternoon. You be really hungry ! - I am. a. might b. will c. can d. must 11/ - I left a cookie on the table, but now it's gone. What happened to it ? - I don't know. One of the children it. 26
27. a. had to eat b. should have eaten c. may have eaten d. could eat 12/ - What does Mr. Green do for a living ? - Nothing. He's very rich. He work for a living. a. must not b. shouldn't c. doesn't have to d. hadn't better 13/ - Why are you so late ? I my aunt to the airport, The traffic was very terrible. a. could take b. should take c. had to take d. must have taken 14/ - They towed my car away from the executive parkinglot yesterday. - You have parked there. a. may not b. should not c. must not d. might not 15/ - I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do. - You your roommate. a. should have called b. would have called c. may have called d. must have called 16/ - Barbara just told me that she can't go to the meeting tonight. - She go ! We need her there for the financial report. a. has to b. have to c. must be d. needs 17/ - I need some help with this table. you lift the other end, please ? a. May b. Could c. Should d. Shall Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following sentences. 1/ It isn't necessary to shout. You 2/ It wasn't necessary for them to call for help after all. They 3/ There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble. You 4/ You house needs to be redecorated. Your house 5/ It's possible that he didn't get my letter. He might 6/ You needn't have bought it for me. It wasn't 7/ I'm absolutely sure that they didn't go out in that weather. They can't 8/ "Why didn't you tell me about it yesterday ?" You should 9/ I'm sure she didn't do it on purpose. She can't 10/ It's possible that your car was stolen. Your car 11/ Perhaps Lan went to London. Lan might 12/ It's a pity that you didn't go to see that film at the cinema last night. You should 13/ "It was very careless of you to let the door open last night"- You shouldn't 14/ Perhaps Manh is repairing his bike now. Manh may 15/ Perhaps they have two big houses in the suburb. They 16/ You ought to have reminded me about the meeting yesterday. Why didn't CHUYÊN ĐỀ IX: Passive FORMS ( C©u bÞ ®éng) I/ OBJECTIVE: By the end of the lesson, Ss will be able to use tenses in passive forms. - 4 skills focus on reading and writing. II/ TEACHING AIDS: - Teacher: Text book, lesson plan. - Students: Text book, notebooks. III/ CONTENTS QUI TAÉC CHUNG: S + V + O S + BE + V3/ed + (by O) * CAÙCH BIEÁN ÑOÅI CHO TÖØNG THÌ: I. Present simple tense: (thì hieän taïi ñôn) S + V + O S + is/am/are + V3/ed + (By O) 27
28. Ex: I see Nga at the bus stop every day. Nga is seen at the bus stop (by me) every day. II. Present progressive tense: (thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn) S + V + O S + is/am/are +being + V3/ed + (By + O) Ex: He is asking me a lot of questions. I am being asked a lot of questions. III. Simple past: (quùa khöù ñôn) S + V + O S + Were / Was + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: My mother wrote that letter. That letter was written by my mother. IV. Past progressive: (quaù khöù tieáp dieãn) S + V+ O S + Were/Was +Being + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: She was doing her homework at that time. Her homework was being done at that time. V. Present perfect: (hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh) S + V + O S + Have/has + Been + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: She has given me some presents on my birthday. I have been given some presents on my birthday. VI. Model verbs: (will/shall/can/must/have to/ ) S + V + O S + Modal verb + BE-inf + V3/ed + (By O) Ex: My friend can answer the questions. The questions can be answered by my friend. Chuù yù: Caùc taân ngöõ “me, you, him, her, them, us, people, someone, ” ta neân boû khoûi caâu bò ñoäng neáu khoâng muoán neâu roû taùc nhaân. Ghi chuù: - Taân ngöõ trong caâu bò ñoäng ta phaûi ñaët sau phoù töø chæ nôi choán vaø tröôùc phoù töø chæ thôøi gian. - Sau caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát thì ñoäng töø “To Be” luoân luoân nguyeân maãu. Baøi taäp: Turn into the passive voice: 1. The teacher explains the lesson. 2. Mrs. Green is cooking the food in the kitchen. 3. These boys made that noise. 4. People speak English all over the world. 5. I gave him back the money last Sunday. 6. Nga can’t do these exercises quickly. 7. They have to pay the bill before the first of the month. 8. They will ask you some questions. 9. Somebody has locked the box and I can’t open it. 10. I want you to do this work now. 28
29. 11. He shouldn’t do that silly thing. 12. Nam does some exercises every day. 13. The new teacher teaches English. 14. They have not used that machine for ages. 15. She has eaten all the eggs. *Note: Động từ thường ở câu chủ động là thì nào thì khi chuyển về câu bị động ta chia động từ to be ở thì đó. II. Change into passive forms: 1/ You mustn’t open this parcel until Calen comes. 2/ People can recycle tires to make pipes or floor coverig. 3/ We should use cloth bags instaed of plastic bags. 4/ Do they teach French in this school? 5/ Do they teach French in this school? 6/ They make a lot of beautiful toys from recycled plastic. 7/ The wokers clean the streets every day. 8/ Do they usually hold the concerts at the university? III/ Mét sè vÝ dô ®æi tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang bÞ ®éng Chñ ®éng BÞ ®éng - Some one takes her to school every week. - She is taken to school everyday. - Some one is taking her to school now. - She is being taken to school now. - Someone has just taken her to school. - She has just been taken to school. - Some one took her to school yesterday. - She was taken to school. - Someone was taking her to school at this - She was being taken to school at this time yesterday. time yesterday. - Someone had taken her to school before I - She had been taken to school before I got got to her house. to her house. - Someone will take her to school soon. - She will be taken to school soon. - Someone should take her to school. - She should be taken to school. - Someone must take her to school. - She must be taken to school. - Someone has to take her to school. - She has to be taken to school. - Someone used to take her to school when - She used to be taken to school when she she was young. was young. - Someone will continue to take her to school. - She will continue to be taken to school - Someone is going to take her to school. - She is going to be taken to school. - Someone should have taken her to school. - She should have been taken to school. - We want someone to take her to school. - We want her to be taken to school. - She likes someone taking her to school. - She likes being taken to school. - She likes people to help her. - She likes to be helped. IV/ Mét sè chó ý khi ®æi tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng - ChuyÓn t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng thµnh chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng. - Trî ®éng tõ to be trong c©u bÞ ®éng ®­îc chia theo ng«i, vµ chia theo thêi cña c©u chñ ®éng. - Khi chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng cã tÝnh chÊt chung chung , kh«ng râ rµng ( someone, people, they ) th× khi chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ ®éng ta kh«ng dïng giíi tõ by. - Khi chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng râ rµng, ®­îc nhÊn m¹nh ( My father, Mr Pike ) th× khi chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ ®éng ta ph¶i dïng giíi tõ by. Eg: - They built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990. - My father built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990 by my father. Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa 1/ They are building a new bridge at the moment. A new bridge 2/ Somebody has taken away some of my books. Some of my books 3/ The chief engineer was instructing all the workers how to use the machines. All the workers. 4/ They can't make tea with cold water. Tea 5/ They will hold the meeting before May Day. The meeting 29
30. 6/ They have to repair the engine of the car. The engine 7/ People spend a lot of money on advertising every year. A lot 8/ The boys broke the windows and took away some pictures. The window 9/ They may use this room for the classroom. This room 10/ Our teacher is going to tell a story. A story 11/ Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife. The cake 12/ The children looked at the woman with a red hat. The woman 13/ You mustn't use this machine after 5.30. This machine 14/ Luckily for me, they didn't call my name. Luckily for me, 15/ I knew that they had told him of the meeting. I knew 16/ Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness. I 17/ Do they teach English here ? Is 18/ Did your teacher give you some exercises ? Were 19/ Have they changed the window of the laboratory ? Has 20/ Will the buses bring the children home ? Will 21/ How can they open this safe ? How 22/ Why didn't they help him ? Why 23/ What books are people reading this year ? What books 24/ Someone should look into the matter. The matter 25/ The police advise drivers to use an alternative rout. Drivers 26/ The bank manager kept me waiting for half an hour. I 27/ He wants someone to take some photographs. He wants 28/ He likes people to call him "sir". He likes 29/ She hates people looking at her. She 30/ I don't like people making fun of me. I IV/ Mét sè tr­êng hîp ®æi ®Æc biÖt 1. C©u cã 2 t©n ng÷ - My father gave an English book to me. = I was given an English book by my father. = An English book was given to me by my father. 2. C©u cã 2 c¸ch ®æi C¸c ®éng tõ sau ®­îc sö dông trong lo¹i c©u nµy nh­ : say, think, know, believe, report ( th«ng b¸o, b¸o c¸o), consider ( cho r»ng ), acknowledge ( thõa nhËn) Eg1 : - They say that Mr Pike works in a big company. C¸ch 1 : - It is said that Mr Pike works in a big company. C¸ch 2 : - Mr Pike is said to work in a big company. ( Ng­êi ta nãi ¤ng Pike lµm viÖc cho mét c«ng ty lín) Eg2 : - They say that Mr Ron is living abroad now. C¸ch 1 : - It is said that Mr Ron is living abroad. C¸ch2 : - Mr Ron is said to be living abroad now. ( ¤ng Ron ®­îc ng­êi ta nãi lµ ®ang sèng ë n­íc ngoµi) Eg3 : - People believe that Mrs Ha has left her job. ( Mäi ng­êi nghÜ r»ng Bµ Hµ ®· bá viÖc) C¸ch 1 : - It is thought that Mrs Ha has left her job. C¸ch 2 : - Mrs Ha is thought to have left her job. 3. They didn't mention any names.( Hä kh«ng nh¾c tíi c¸i tªn nµo c¶) = No names were mentioned.( Kh«ng cã c¸i tªn nµo ®­îc nh¾c tíi) 4. Who wrote this book ? = By whom was this book written ? = Whom was this book written by ? 5. My father lets me watch TV in the evening.( Bè t«i ®Ó cho t«i xem TV vµo buæi tèi) = I am let watch TV in the evening by my mother. 6. Our father made us work hard.( Bè chóng t«i b¾t chóng t«i ph¶i lµm viÖc tÝch cùc) = We were made to work hard by our father. 30
31. 7. They saw him come in. ( Hä ®· nh×n thÊy anh ta ®i vµo ) = He was seen to come in. 8. They saw him coming in. ( Hä nh×n thÊy anh ta ®ang ®i vµo) = He was seen coming in. 9. I remember that my father took me to the zoo last month. = I remember my father taking me to the zoo last month ( T«i nhí lµ bè t«i ®· ®­a t«i tíi v­ên thó vµo th¸ng tr­íc) = I remember being taken to the zoo last month by my father.( T«i nhí ®· ®­îc bè ®­a tíi v­ên thó th¸ng tr­íc ) 10. You should know how to drive. ( B¹n cÇn ph¶i biÕt l¸i xe.) - It is your duty to know how to drive. = You are supposed to know how to drive. Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ The teacher gave each of us two exercise books. Each 2/ People believe that number 13 is unlucky number. Number 13 3/ People know that English is an international language. English 4/ People think that Jack London's life and writings represent the American love of adventures. Jack London's life and writings 5/ They say that John is the brightest student in the class. John 6/ People think that he has died a natural death. He 7/ They reported that the troops were coming. The troops 8/ People say that he left the town some hours ago. He 9/ People saw Mr Lake steal your car. Mr Lake 10/ We won't let you do that silly thing again. You 11/ People here don't make their children work hard. Their children 12/ You need to have your hair cut. Your hair 13/ It's your duty to do this work. You 14/ I remember my brother taking me to the park. I remember 15/ They didn't pay me for the work ; they expected me to do it for nothing. I 16/ You should have taken these books back to the library. These books 17/ People consider that she is the best singer that Australia has ever produced. She 18/ They will continue to use it. It 19/ Peter objects to people laughing at him. Peter 20/ Who wrote this book ? By 21/ There is a rumour that the criminal is living in town. The criminal 22/ People saw him climbing over the wall. He 23/ They offered me a job yesterday. A job 24/ Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan ? Why wasn't ? 25/ Did the idea interest you ? Were ? 26/ They say that her smile hides a secret. It 27/ They said that the company was losing a lot of money. The company 28/ People think that an apple a day is good for you. An apple 29/ Someone saw them dumping rubbish. They Revision 2 I/ Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B , C hoÆc D 1/ I post that letter for you on my way to the post-office ? A. Do B. Shall C. Would D. Will 3/ She had to do the shopping for her neighbour, she ? A. didn't B. hadn't C. does D. isn't 5/ At half past ten this morning, I along the motorway. A. had driven B. was driving C. drove D. had been driving 6/ You talk too loud ! The children are sleeping. A.mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. must 31
32. 8/ What have you been doing last Sunday, George ? A. after B. for C. until D. since 10/ The child asleep when he was playing with his toys. A. fell B. falls C. had fallen D. was falling II/ ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa 1/ You're the worst guitarist in the world. No one 2/ It was a waste of time writing that letter. You needn't 3/ It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. Vietnam is 6/ Ms Quyen began teaching Chinese ten years ago. Ms Quyen has 7/ The robber forced the cashier to hand over the money. The cashier 10/ Everyone believes that he is dead. He 11/ I can't speak English as well as my mother. My mother is 12/ They have been living here for 6 years now. They moved to this house 13/ How long is it since you saw Mary ? When 4/ It wasn't necessary for you to go into so much trouble on my behalf. You 15/ Why didn't you think of that before ? You should 16/ It's possible that our men got there unsafe. Our men might 17/ We must do something about it. Something 18/ It's the best butter that I've ever eaten. I've never 19/ My legal advisor has told me not to say any more at this moment 20. Eeryone knows that eating fruit is good for your health. Eating fruit 21/ People say that the late Mr John was difficult to work with. 22/ The Chinese are believed to have invented the gunpowder. It is 23/ It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cables. The two 24/ Everyone wished they had listened more carefully to the lecture. Everyone regretted 25/ The discovery of new drug is helping the fight against this disease. The fight 26/ Need we leave so early ? Do we ? 27/ I don't believe that you have lost your keys again. You can't 28/ I'm sure you had a good time at the party. You must 29/ Perhaps they didn't notice the tire was flat. They might 30/ Why didn't you help your mother when she was ill ? You should 31/ "Helen, would you like to come to lunch on Sunday ?", said Mary. Mary invited 32/ "Don't forget to buy some milk, Andy", said Clare. Clare reminded 33/ "Make sure you don't take the A20 in the rush hour, Tim", said Jack. Jack warned 34/ "Me ? No, I didn't take Sue's calculator," said Bob. Bob denied 35/ "Why don't you go and see "The Sound of Silence" again, Brian ?", I said. I suggested 36/ He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months now. The last time 37/ I've never been to Scotland before. This is 38/ He started learning French 3 years ago. He has 39/ We haven't seen Ann for ages. It's 40/ I last saw him when I was a student. I 41/ She is the most interesting girl I've ever known. I 've never 42/ John speaks Spanish more fluently than I do. I can't 43/ No one in my group dances better than Hoa. Hoa is 44/ I'm not good at English as my sister. My sister 45/ Mr Hai is a slower worker than Mr Chinh. Mr Hai 46/There aren't as many parks in Hanoi as in London. There are III/ Söa lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau (Mçi c©u cã mét lçi sai) 1/ Thomas started working for that company for twelve years. 2/ It was a great party last night. You should come. Why didn't you ? 32
33. 3/ You've been travelling all day. You can be very tired. 4/ I don't know where Margaret is now. She may in her office. 5/ Today is Sunday. You mustn't get up early. 6/ Hello ! Do I speak to Tom please ? 7/ Mr Jack is older 2 years than Mr Pike. 8/ If you move quiet, you can see small wild animals in the area. 9/ Competitive cyclists must react calm during tournaments. IV/ Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt thµnh c©u hoµn chØnh 1/ Jack London / life and writing / think / by many / represent / American / love of adventure// 2/ It / know / she / work / foreign company/ now// 3/ It / 5 years / since / I / visit / home village // 4/ James Watt / Scottish scientist / invent / steam engine / years ago. 5/ When / rain / you / should / not / out// 6/ A lot / work / do / this house / recently. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: Conditional sentences ( C©u ®iÒu kiÖn) I/ The first condition: (C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1) - Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng cã thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t­¬ng lai. MÉu c©u : MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh HiÖn t¹i ®¬n S + will/may/might/can/should + V + O S + V(s/es) + O - MÖnh ®Ò If cã thÓ ®øng tr­íc hoÆc ®øng sau. - NÕu mÖnh ®Ò if ®óng tr­íc th× gi÷a 2 mÖnh ®Ò ph¶i cã dÊu "," Eg : - If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. ( NÕu b¹n häc ch¨m, b¹n sÏ thi ®ç ) - You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard. *Notes : - Cã thÓ dïng may, might, should ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh tïy theo t×nh huèng. Eg :- If you feel tired, you should go to bed early. (NÕu b¹n c¶m thÊy mÖt, b¹n nªn ®i ngñ) - Cã thÓ dïng d¹ng thøc mÖnh lÖnh ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh. Eg : - Please tell him to come to my office if you see him. - H·y b¶o anh ta ®Õn v¨n phßng cña t«i nÕu cËu gÆp anh ta. - Cã thÓ dïng ®éng tõ thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh ë mÖnh ®Ò if Eg : - If you have written your letter, I'll post it. (NÕu cËu viÕt xong th­, tí sÏ göi cho cËu) - If cã thÓ thay b»ng when: Eg : - When the school year finishes, I'll visit my grandparents. ( Khi n¨m häc kÕt thóc, tí sÏ ®i th¨m «ng bµ) Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring. 2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him. 3/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in. 4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time. 5/ Tell him to take his bike inside. If he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it. 6/ Wait until I (be) ___ ready. 7/ The meeting (start) ___ when everybody arrives. 8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) ___ too late. 9/ If he (not know) ___ what to do he'll ask his mum. II/ The second condition: (C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2) - Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i, tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i. §ã lµ t×nh huèng gi¶ ®Þnh. MÉu c©u : MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh Qu¸ khø ®¬n S + would/might/could + V(inf) + O 33
34. S + V(ed/ s.p) + O Eg : - Mrs Hoa is too old, so she can't apply for the job. If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/ could apply for the job. ( NÕu bµ Hoa trÎ h¬n, bµ Êy sÏ nép ®¬n xin viÖc) ( To be chia lµ were cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i) - I don't have money now. If I had money, I would/ could/ might buy that house. (B©y giê t«i kh«ng cã tiÒn. NÕu t«i cã tiÒn, t«i sÏ mua ng«i nhµ ®ã) - It is raining. I have to stay at home. If it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home. Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job. 2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ? 3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you. 4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree. 5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her, she (sell) it. 6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of working all night. 7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again. If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new battery. 8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) ___ nearer. 9/ If I knew you were right, I (agree) ___ with you. 10/ If I (win) ___ a lot of money, I would give up my job. 11/ I (buy ) ___ shares in that company if they were cheaper. III/ The third condition: (C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3) Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ trong qu¸ khø. MÉu c©u : MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh S + would / might/could + have done + O S + had done + O Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday. I had to stay at home. If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would have gone out. (NÕu h«m qua trêi ®Ñp, cã lÏ t«i ®· ®i ch¬i råi) - If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home. - NÕu thêi tiÕt kh«ng xÊu, t«i ®· kh«ng ë nhµ. Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost. If I (have) a map I (be) all right. 2/ The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realise) how awful it was going to be I (not accept ) it. 3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog. He (enjoy) the walk. 4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but if it (not rain) it (be) a great success. 5/ I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him immediately. 6/ - Why didn't you phone me from the village ? - Because there was no phone in the village. If there (be), of course we (phone) from there. 7/ We had to stand almost all the way. It was all Tom's fault. If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we (have) quite a comfortable journey. IV/ C©u ®iÒu kiÖn hçn hîp ( 2 + 3) Lµ c©u chØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i vµ qu¸ khø. MÉu c©u : MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh (had would/might/could + V done) would/might/could be + V-ing Eg :- I ate too much this morning. Now I feel uncomfortable. - S¸ng nay t«i ¨n qu¸ nhiÒu. B©y giê t«i c¶m thÊy khã chÞu. - If I hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now. - NÕu s¸ng nay t«i kh«ng ¨n nhiÒu th× b©y giê t«i ®· kh«ng c¶m thÊy khã chÞu. - I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday. - If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now. 34
35. Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week. If I 2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning. If Lan 3/ I'm sick now because I went to the stadium yesterday afternoon. If I 4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's why he is unemployed now. If he Notes: 1- may/can ñeå chæ söï cho pheùp: EX: If you eat all your dinner, you can have a chocolate 2- may/might/ could ñeå chæ khaû naêng coù theå xaûy ra: VD: If he doesn’t come soon, he might miss the train 3- can/could ñeå chæ khaû naêng: EX: If the ice is thick, we can walk across 4- must/ have to ñeå chæ söï baét buoäc, should/ ought to ñeå chæ lôøi khuyeân hoaëc gôïi yù EX: You must do your homework if you want to go out. If you want to lose weight, you should do exercise. I. Use the correct tense: 1. The teacher will be very angry if you (not do) your homework. 2. If he (tell) me, I could help him. 3. If you don’t water the flowers, they (die). 4. If you didn’t water the flowers, they (die). 5. I (come) if I had time. 6. If you don’t hurry, you (miss) the bus. 7. If I (be) you, I wouldn’t buy that car. 8. He will play tennis if the weather . (be) good. 9. I would be very happy if she . (be) my sister. 10. She could win the race if she . (try). 11. If he (go) to bed early, he will get up early. 12. If he touches this wire, he (get) a shock. 13. You will get wet if it (rain). 14. If I knew, I (come) earlier. 15. I wouldn’t say it if I (be) you. 16. What will you do if you (get) a bad mark? 17. If she (wear) a necklace, her dress will look better. 18. If you go near the dog, it . (bite) you. 19. Bodrum (be) ideal for a holiday if it weren’t so crowded. 20. He will be ill if he (eat) so much. 21. If she . (read) the book carefully, she will understand it. 22. The children can stay up late if they (be) good. 23. If the dinner isn’t ready, I (go) out. 24. We would die if the plane (crash). II. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets in the following sentences: 1. He (not see) his brother recently. 2. I can’t go to the movies with you if it (rain) heavily. 3. Lan (take) to school every day when he was a child. 4. Would you mind (show) . me how to send an e- mail? 5. The “Ao dai” (mention) . in poems and songs for centuries. 6. What . .your children (do) . when he (come) yesterday? 7. My car (not repair) yet. 8. She (buy) . this house for her son, didn’t she? 9. Where you (go) . .if you have a car? 10. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read) books. 11. She (not live) .with her parents. She (live) alone. 12. I (stay) with my parents at the moment though I (have) my own flat. 13. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door. 14. I hope it (not rain) when the bride (leave) 35
36. 15. What time the bus (leave) for Dave tomorrow? - It (leave) at 7.45. 16. My father (always worry) .about us. 17. Everything on the Earth (always change) 18. We (have) a small party next Sunday? Would you like (come) ? 19. Look at that car. It ( drive) too fast. It (hit) that cyclist. 20.I bought a fishing rod. I (go) fishing this afternoon. 21. My mother (always forget) her umbrella at the supermarket. 22. What you (do) tonight?-I don’t know. I (probably stay) home and watch TV. 23.I hope I (become) a singer one day. 24. They (visit) .me when they (come back) 25. He (take part) in an important meeting next Saturday. 26. A new supermarket ( open ) in this town in the future. 27. If he (not phone) us, we won’t tell him the news. 28. He (stay) .at home if it (rain) .tomorrow. 29. It’s very cold here. You (close) the window for me, please? 30. A: We’ve run out of sugar. B: Alright. I(go) and buy some. 31. The flight to HCM city (leave) .Hanoi at 10 and (arrive) there at 11. 32. She sometimes (watch) movies on Sunday. 33. Look! Our teacher (come) She (have) long hair. 34. The children (like) . to play in the park. 35. Something (smell) good in the kitchen now. 36. Thanh prefers (listen) to music to (watch) TV. 37. Tomorrow (be) Sunday, so I (not go) .to school. 38. The boys likes (play) games but hate (do) .lesson. 39. Would you like (go) now or shall we wait till the end? 40. We used (dream) of a television set when we (be) small. 41. Would you mind (show) me how (send) an e-mail. 42. If it (rain) tomorrow, we won’t go on a camping trip. 43. If the teacher (give) us some homework, we have to stay home and do it. 44. If her mother (return) home early, she can cook the meal for the family. 45. I (go) to Lan’s party if she invites me. 46. They will pass the exam if they (study) hard. 47. They said that they (will try) their best to do the test. 48. The book (just publish) by Kim Dong publisher. 49. The Brown (travel) to Asia many times. 50. The boys wish their team (not lose) the game. 51. The farmers wish it (not rain) so heavily this season. 52. Ba’s uncle wishes he (get) good crops this year. 53. You ever (be) to India?-Yes. I (be) there twice. 54. She asked me if I (can) speak Chinese. 55. If he (want) to become a doctor, he must (study) hard. 56. You should practice (listen) to the radio every day. 57. Please call me if the bell (ring) 58. My father wishes he (take part) in the Chess Club. 59. English (speak) in Viet Nam many years ago. 60. You should (do) .a lot of grammar exercises if you want (learn) English well. Conditional sentences ( Mét sè tr­êng hîp kh¸c) 1. Should ®­îc dïng trong c©u lo¹i 1 - If you should see him, please tell him to come to me. - NÕu cËu nh×n thÊy anh Êy, b¶o anh Êy ®Õn chç t«i. 36
37. - If you should see him, please tell him to come to me. Dïng should khi thÊy kh¶ n¨ng Ýt x¶y ra h¬n. 2. Wish ( ¦íc) a. ¦íc ®iÒu tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i S1 + wish + S1 / S2 + did sth / were Eg : - I am old now. I wish I were younger. - Mr Blake doesn't have a house. He wishes he had a big house. b. ¦íc ®iÒu tr¸i víi thùc tÕ trong qu¸ khø Eg : - Last night I went to the cinema. Now I am tired. I wish I hadn't gone to the cinema last night. ( H«m qua t«i ®· ®i xem phim. B©y giê t«i mÖt. T«i ­íc gi¸ h«m qua m×nh ®õng ®i) - He didn't learn hard at school. He regrets now. Anh ta ®· kh«ng häc ch¨m chØ khi cßn ë tr­êng. B©y giê anh ta hèi tiÕc. = - He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned / learning hard. Anh ta ­íc tr­íc kia ®· häc hµnh ch¨m chØ. * Notes : - Wish cã thÓ ®­îc dïng nh­ ®éng tõ want : Eg : - I wish to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle. Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you. I wish 2/ I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed) I wish 3/ What a pity Mai can't come. I wish 4/ My brother regretted not learning Russian before. My brother wished 5/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay. Now I wish 3. Unless Th­êng dïng trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1 Eg : - If you don't start at once, you'll be late = You'll be late unless you start at once. NÕu cËu kh«ng b¾t ®Çu ngay, cËu sÏ bÞ muén. (CËu sÏ bÞ muén trõ khi cËu b¾t ®Çu ngay) Unless = If not Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. Unless 2/ The fire will go out if someone doesn't put some more coal on. - Unless 3/ If you don't take care of those shoes, they won't last for long. - Unless 4/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top. Unless 5/ If it doesn't stop raining, they will cancel the tournament. - Unless 6/ The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor. Unless 4. Otherwise ( NÕu kh«ng th×) Cã thÓ dïng víi c©u lo¹i 1,2 vµ 3 Eg 1 : - You should start at once; otherwise you'll be late. - Anh nªn b¾t ®Çu ngay, nÕu kh«ng anh sÏ bÞ muén. Eg 2 : - It is raining now; otherwise I would go out. - Trêi ®ang m­a, nÕu kh«ng t«i sÏ ®i ch¬i. Eg 3 :- Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da lat. - H«m qua t«i èm, nÕu kh«ng th× t«i ®· ®i §µ l¹t råi. 5. Or (else) NÕu kh«ng Dïng t­¬ng tù nh­ Otherwise Eg : - Put the jacket on or (else) / otherwise you'll catch a cold - MÆc ¸o vµo nÕu kh«ng con sÏ bÞ l¹nh ®Êy. = If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold. 6. If only Th­êng dïng víi lo¹i 2 vµ 3 , t­¬ng tù nh­ wish Eg : - We don't have a map. If only we had one. - Chóng t«i kh«ng cã b¶n ®å. Gi¸ mµ chóng t«i cã mét c¸i. Eg : - I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that. T«i kh«ng biÕt h«m qua c« ta ë ®©y. Gi¸ mµ t«i biÕt ®iÒu ®ã. - Cã thÓ ®­îc dïng nh­ 1 vÕ cña c©u ®iÒu kiÖn 37
38. Eg : - If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job. - Gi¸ mµ t«i trÎ h¬n mét chót, t«i sÏ nép ®¬n xin viÖc. 7. But for = If it weren't for sth / sb If it hadn't been NÕu kh«ng v× ®iÒu g× - Th­êng dïng víi c©u lo¹i 2 vµ lo¹i 3. Eg1 :- It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday. = If it weren't for the weather, we would - Trêi rÊt l¹nh. NÕu kh«ngv× thêi tiÕt, chóng t«i sÏ ®i nghØ. Eg 2 : - It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher. = If it hadn't been for the weather, we would have visited - H«m qua trêi rÊt l¹nh. NÕu kh«ng v× thêi tiÕt chóng t«i ®· ®i th¨m c« gi¸o råi. 8. Bá if * Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3 : - If I had known he was ill, I'd have visited him. = Had I known he was - If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn't have got a bad cold. = Had he not gone to * Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2 víi were - If she were younger = Were she younger Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ It was the goal-keeper who saved the match for us. Had it 2/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister. Had it 3/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. Had 4/ She can't go camping because of her age. Were she 5/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. Had he 9. In case a. In case of sth = If there is sth : NÕu cã c¸i g× Eg : - In case of fire, ring this number = If there is a fire, ring this number. - Trong tr­êng hîp cã ch¸y, h·y gäi sè nµy. b. In case : Phßng khi (§éng tõ sau in case dïng thêi hiÖn t¹i ®¬n) Eg :- I'll buy some more cakes in case there are a lot of guests coming to my house tonight. T«i sÏ ®i mua thªm mét Ýt b¸nh phßng khi cã nhiÒu kh¸ch ®Õn vµo tèi nay. 10. Providing ( that) = If : MiÔn lµ, víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ, nÕu Provided (that) As/ So long as On condition that Eg : - If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it. -NÕu b¹n høa tr¶ sím, tí sÏ cho b¹n m­în xe. = As long as you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it. Provided that Providing that On condition that ( MiÔn lµ b¹n høa tí sÏ ) Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ If you want my advice, I'd forget about buying a new house. If I 2/ If there's an emergency, ring this number. In case 3/ He spends too much money on his clothes. If I 4/ Minh is overweight because he eats too much chocolate. If Minh 5/ You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains. In case 6/ We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money. If we 7/ "You shouldn't eat too much meat !' If I 8/ Without her help we would all have died. If it 38
39. 9/ It's such a pity your sister can't come as well. If only 10/ Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. As long as 11/ I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay me back. On condition that 12/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister. But for 13/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. But for 14/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top. We should hurry, 15/ What a shame you didn't tell me earlier. If only 16/ She can't go camping because of her age. If 17/ What would you do if there was an earthquake ? Supposing 18/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning. Lan wouldn't 19/ Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother. If 20/ What a pity Mai can't come. I wish 21/ My sister regretted not working hard before. My sister wished 22/ We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class. If we 23/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay. Now I wish 24/ He lost his money because he wasn't careful. If he 25/ It was his own fault that he lost his job. He was late for work every morning. If he 26/ I only made that mistake because I didn't think. If I 27/ I only bought that dog because my children wanted a pet. If my children 28/ It was overeating that caused his heart attack. If he hadn't 29/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. If he Would rather- Prefer- Have sth done- As if It's time - Used to - Had better- Suggest 1. Had better * Had better do sth/ not do sth Eg :- You'd better go there alone. ( B¹n nªn tíi ®ã mét m×nh) - You'd better not smoke. ( CËu kh«ng nªn hót thuèc) 2. Used to do sth - Be/ get used to doing sth * Used to do sth ( Th­êng lµm g× trong qu¸ khø) Eg : - I used to play chess when I was at school. * Be / Get used to doing sth (Quen víi viÖc lµm g×) Eg : - I get / am used to getting up early now. 3. Prefer * Prefer to do / doing sth ( ThÝch lµm g× - chØ së thÝch nãi chung) Eg : - I prefer to live / living in the country. * Prefer sth to sth ( ThÝch c¸i g× h¬n c¸i g×) - Eg : - She prefers tea to coffee. * Prefer doing sth to doing sth ( ThÝch lµm viÖc g× h¬n lµm viÖc g×) Eg : - I prefer playing the guitar to going swimming. - Lan prefers playing football to tennis. * Would prefer to do sth ( Muèn lµm g×) Eg : - I'd prefer to stay at home. * Would prefer sb to do sth / not to do sth ( muèn ai ®ã lµm g×) Eg : - I 'd prefer you to finish your work by 5 o'clock. 4. Would rather * Would rather do sth than do sth ( ThÝch lµm g× h¬n lµm g× ) Eg : - I'd rather read books than watch TV. - We'd rather play the piano than the guitar. * Would rather do sth ( Muèn lµm g×) not do sth ( Kh«ng muèn lµm g×) Eg : - We'd rather stay at home. 39
40. - George would rather not go out. * Would rather S did sth / didn't do sth ( Muèn ai lµm g× / Kh«ng muèn ai lµm g× - Tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i) Eg : - I'd rather you stopped smoking now. - I'd rather you didn't smoke. * Would rather S had done sth / hadn't done sth Eg : - I'd rather you had come here yesterday. ( T«i muèn h«m qua cËu tíi ®©y) - You didn't come here yesterday. (Thùc tÕ lµ cËu ®· kh«ng tíi) - I'd rather she hadn't said that. ( T«i muèn lµ c« ta ®· kh«ng nãi ®iÒu ®ã.) - She said that. (Thùc tÕ lµ c« ta ®· nãi) Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences 1. We'd prefer you not to smoke. We'd rather 2. He would prefer you to pay him immediately. He'd rather 3. No, please don't tell her. I'd rather 4. Would you mind not smoking here ? I'd rather 5. I prefer staying at home to going out. I'd rather 6. I don't really want to have lunch yet. I'd rather 7. I'd prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday. I would rather 8. She prefers Italian food to French food. She'd 9. I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home. I prefer 11. I'd rather not see him tomorrow. I don't 12. He prefers golf to tennis. He'd rather 13. I don't really want to visit the museum. I'd rather 14. I'd rather you started work next week. I'd prefer 15. Please don't go there. I'd 16. I don't feel like spreading another day at the beach. I 'd rather 17. I'd rather you didn't phone me at work. I'd prefer 18. We'd rather you didn't smoke . We'd prefer 19. She doesn't usually stay up so late. She's not used 20. It's not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon. I'm Exercise 2 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake) 1. I would rather don't go out with him. 2. I 'd rather you spend less money on clothes. 3. I 'd rather you didn't come here yesterday. 4. You'd better don't smoke here. 5. He's not used to work overtime. 5. It's time * It's time to do sth ( §· ®Õn giê lµm g×) Eg : - It's time to go home now. * It's time for sb to do sth ( §· ®Õn giê ai ph¶i lµm g×) - Eg : - It's time for us to go home now. * It's ( about / high) time sb did sth ( §· ®Õn lóc ai ph¶i lµm g×) Eg : - It's 10 o'clock now. It's time he got up. ( B©y giê ®· 10 giê råi. §· ®Õn lóc anh ta ph¶i dËy) - You are too lazy. It's about time you worked hard. 6. As if / as though * As if / as though víi nghÜa cã vÎ nh­ Eg : - She looks as if she is tired. ( C« ta tr«ng cã vÎ mÖt mái) = Perhaps she is tired. - It looks as if it's going to rain. ( Cã vÎ nh­ trêi s¾p m­a) * As if / as though víi nghÜa nh­ thÓ lµ ( ChØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t­¬ng lai) Eg : - Mr John talks as if he was / were rich. ( ¤ng John nãi chuyÖn cø nh­ lµ «ng ta giµu cã l¾m) He's not rich ( Thùc tÕ «ng ta kh«ng giµu) - She talks as if she knew everything. (C« ta nãi chuyÖn cø nh­ thÓ lµ c« ta biÕt mäi thø ) 40