Chuyên đề Tiếng Anh Lớp 11: Can/Could and “Be able to”

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề Tiếng Anh Lớp 11: Can/Could and “Be able to”

1. CHUYấN ĐỀ: CAN/COULD and “BE ABLE TO” * Chỉ khả năng, năng lực ở hiện tại : can, be able to ; ở quá khứ could, was/ were able to A /Chỳng ta dựng can để núi một sự việc cú thể xảy ra hay ai đú Tuy nhiên ta thường dùng can/ could trong trường hợp cú khả năng làm được việc gỡ. Chỳng ta dựng can+infinitive (can nài. do/can see ) Ex: 1. He could/ was able to run very fast when he was a 1.We can see the lake from our bedroom window. boy. 2. We were able to/ could get tickets for the match 2.I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday. yesterday. B/ (Be) able to cú thể thay thế được cho can (nhưng can vẫn 3. When I was young I could/ was able to climb any được dựng nhiều hơn) tree in the forest. Are you able to speak any foreign languages? 4. In those day we had a car, so we could/ were able Nhưng can chỉ cú hai dạng can (present) và could (past) nờn khi to travel very easily. cần thiết chỳng ta phải dựng (Be) able to Hóy so sỏnh: * Trong câu có các động từ: see, hear, smell, taste, feel, I can’t sleep. remember, understand Dùng can/ could Nhưng Ex: When we went into the house, we could smell burning. I haven’t been able to sleep recently. (can khụng cú present perfect) * Trong câu phủ định dùng cả hai đều đúng. Tom can come tomorrow. Ex: I couldn’t come last night, sorry. OR I wasn’t able to Nhưng come last night, sorry. Tom might be able to come tomorrow. (can khụng cú infinitive) * Diễn đạt những việc làm được vào một dịp nào đó, ta dùng be able to chứ ko ding can/ could C/ Could và was able to Ex: The fire spread through the building quickly, but Đụi khi could là dạng quỏ khứ của can. Chỳng ta dựng could đặc everybody was able to escape. biệt với:see /hear /smell/ taste /feel /remember /understand Exercise 2: Complete these sentences with “could, couldn’t” or 1.When we went into the house, we could smell burning. “was/ were able to”: 2.She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she A girl fell into the river but fortunately we said. rescue her. Chỳng ta dựng could để diễn tả ai đú là cú khả năng núi chung I walk when I was less than a year old. hay được phộp để làm điều gỡ đú. My grandfather walk without any help last 1.My grandfather could speak five languages. night. 2.We were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we you understand what he was saying? were allowed to do ) My grandmother speak Spanish. Suddenly all the lights went out. We see a Chỳng ta dựng could để chỉ khả năng núi chung (general ability). thing. Nhưng để đề cập tới một sự việc xảy ra trong một tỡnh huống đặc The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma biệt (particular situation), chỳng ta dựng was/were able to put it right again. (khụng dựng could) There was a big party last night. You hear They didn’t want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade the music half a mile away. them or were able to persuade them (but not ‘could persuade’) I learnt to read music as a child. I read it D/Hóy so sỏnh: when I was five. Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody. (= He People heard warnings about the food, and they had the general ability to beat anybody) move out in time. Nhưng The train was full. I find a seat anywhere. Mrs Carter put out the fire before the house Jack and Alf had a game of tennis yesterday. Alf played very well but burnt down. in the end Jack managed to beat him or was able to beat him (= he I looked everywhere for the books, but I find managed to beat him in this particular game) it. The plane take off at eleven o'clock ,after the Exercise 1: Complete the following tag questions: fog had lifted. You can’t answer all the question, ? It was foggy, so the plane take off. He believes you, ? CHUYấN ĐỀ: TAG QUESTIONS You will help me to do the dishes, ? A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT The teacher should explain the lesson, ? a. Trước khẳng định, sau phủ định và ngược lại The boy didn’t know the lesson, ? Bob frightened you, ? Peter helped you, didn’t he? You can speak English well, ? He isn’t here now, is he? She couldn’t arrange that, ? You have been there for a long time, haven’t you? You won’t lend him, ? b. Note: He shouldn’t do it, ? - Khụng dựng danh từ riờng trong cõu hỏi đuụi, mà phải She's very funny. She's got a great sense of humour, ? dựng đại từ nhõn xưng thay thế. The area was evacuated at once, ? Mary is beautiful, isn’t she? Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays, ? Chứ khụng được dựng Mary is beautiful, isn’t Mary? It never works very well, ? His parents are old, aren’t they? Neither of them offered to help you, ? There'll be plenty for everyone, ? Grammar 2: Could/ be able to + Vinf
2. - Khi chủ từ trong mệnh đề chớnh là anyone, anybody, no one, no - Lan will come next week, body, none, neither thỡ chủ từ trong cõu hỏi đuụi là they. won't she? No one knows, do they? Neither of them complaint, did they? * Some special cases : a) If the main clause is " I am" , tag question must be "aren't I?" - Nếu mệnh đề chớnh cú cỏc từ phủ định như neither, no, none, no EX: I am coming here ,aren't I? one, no body, nothing, scarely, barely, hardly, seldom thỡ cõu hỏi b) If the main clause have " let's" ,tag question must be " shall we?" đuụi ở thể khẳng định. EX: - Let's go to the movies, shall we? Nothing was sold, was it? Peter hardly goes to thec) If the main clause is request ,tag question must be " will you?" party, does he? EX: - Open the window, will you? d) If the main clause is invitation ,tag question must be "won't - Nếu chủ từ là this, that thỡ chủ từ trong cõu hỏi đuụi cú thể là it, he, you?" she. EX: - Take your seat, won't you? Ex: That is a very interesting film, isn’t it? e) If the main clause have: " seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, That is your new boy friend, isn’t he? never, " ,tag question must be affirmation. This is a very beautiful girl, isn’t she? EX: -He never goes to school late ,does he? *Notes: Grammar : S + V + O , [ ] + ĐẠI TỪ ? - Nếu chủ từ là these, those thỡ chủ từ trong cõu hỏi đuụi là they Trong đú : Ex: These books are new, aren’t they? Đại từ : Lấy chủ từ cõu đầu đổi thành đại từ Đàn ụng > he - Hỡnh thức cõu hỏi đuụi của I am là aren’t I? hay am I not? Đàn bà > she Ex: I’m late, aren’t I? (Hay: I’m late, am I not?) Vật (số ớt ) -> it - Hỡnh thức của cõu yờu cầu là: will you? Come in, will you?There -> there Don’t do that, will you? This -> it - Cõu đề nghị là: shall we? That -> it Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let’s not study now, shall These -> they we? Those -> they Số nhiều > they Special: Cỏc đại từ như : they,he she thỡ giữ nguyờn - Let’s + V(-to), shall we ? Eg: Let’s go[ ] : nhỡn ở cõu đầu nếu cú động từ đặc biệt thỡ chuyển thành [ ] out, shall we? nếu khụng cú thỡ mựon trợ động từ do.does ,did - (Please +) V(-to) , will you ? (Cõu mệnh lệnh) Don’t speak, - Nếu cõu đầu cú NOT ,hoặc cỏc yếu tố phủ định như barely, will you hardly, hardly ever, little, neither, never, no, no one, nobody, - I am , aren’t I ? none, nothing, scarely, seldom , thỡ [ ] khụng cú NOT ,nếu cõu - This / That (is ), (isn’t) it/he/she ? Eg: This is your boy, isn’t đầu khụng cú NOT thỡ [ ] cú NOT he? - These / Those (are ), (aren’t) they ? Those are your cats, aren’t they ? - There is / are , isn’t / aren’t there ? - Nobody / No one + V(khẳng định) , auxi / modal (phủ định) they ? Eg: Noone went out, did they? NGỮ PHÁP BÀI SỐ 16: - S + never / rarely / seldom / no longer ,VERB (+) + S ? + It is said that Eg: David rarely goes out, does he? + People say that - Everyone /everybody/ someone/ , .they ? => Cả hai cựng cú một nghĩa: “Người ta núi rằng/ tin Eg: Everyone is at home, aren’t they? rằng/ nghĩ rằng . - Everything/ something/ , it ? - Để viết lại cõu cú nghĩa giống với cõu gốc bắt đầu bằng cụm: It is said that ., People say that ta cú cỏc Unit 15: Space Conquest cỏch viết lại như sau: Grammar 1: TAG QUESTIONS ( Cõu hỏi đuụi) I, Nếu V1 và V2 diễn tả hành động cựng thời điểm, cựng * Structure S +V (affirmative) + , Aux- Negative + S? thỡ, ta chuyển V2 về nguyờn dạng rồi thờm “to” vào đằng S +V Negative + , Aux- (affirmative)+ S? trước.(vd: cựng quỏ khứ đơn, cựng hiện tại đơn) * Examples: 1, It + be + V1(p.p) + that + S2 + Affirmative statement Negative statement V2(s/es) - You have a brother, don't - We don't eat dinner at home, => S2 + be + V1(p.p) +to + V2(infinitive) + you? do we? - Mr Minh has been to Hue, - It isn't raining, is it? Ex: It was said that many people were homeless after the hasn't he? - You don't like coffee, do flood. - We have finished, haven't you? => Many people were said to be homeless after the flood. we? - They will not help, will they?
3. 2, S1 + V1 + that + S2 +V2 + => S2 + be +V1(p.p) +to + V2(infinitive) + Ex: People say that smoking causes cancer. => Smoking is said to cause cancer. 6.It is found that she drove through the town at 50 II, Nếu V2 diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước hành động của V1, thỡ ta miles an hour. chuyển V2 sang P.P rồi thờm “to have” vào trước. (vd: V1 là hiện tại > She đơn, V2 là quỏ khứ đơn). 1, It + is + V1(p.p) + that + S2 + V2(ed) + => S2 + is + V1(p.p) +to have + V2(p.p)+ 7.It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident. Ex: It is said that you were in New York then. > Two people => You are said to have been in New York then. 2, S1 + V1 + that +S2 + V2(ed) + => S2 + be + V1(p.p) + to have + V2(p.p)+ 8.It is said that three men were arrested after the Ex: People say that he wrote poetry. explosion. > Three men => He is said to have writen poetry. III, Nếu V1 ở thỡ hiện tại đơn, V2 ở thỡ hiện tại tiếp diễn, thỡ ta chuyển Be2 về nguyờn dạng và thờm “to” vào trước. * It + is + V1(p.p)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Be + V_ing 9.It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing + . over the wall. => S2 + be + V1(p.p) + to + be +V_ing + > The prisoner Ex: It is said that/ People say that he is living a simple life. => He is said to be living a simple life. IV, Nếu trong mệnh đề tõn ngữ cú động từ khuyết thiếu (wil, would, 10. It is believed that the wanted man is living in New can ) thỡ ta bỏ động từ khuyết thiếu đi rồi thờm “to” vào trước York. V2. > The wanted man * It + is + V1(p.p)/ S1 + V1 + that + S2 + Modal verbs + V2 + . => S2 + be + V1(p.p) + to + V2 + Ex: It was thought / People thought that she would win the race. => She was thought to win the race. I/ Change into passive in two ways: It is said that C.Columbus discovered American. > C.Columbus is said 2. It is said that many people are homeless because of the flood. > Many people 3. It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law. > The Prime Minister 4. It is expected that the US President will lose the election. > The US President 5. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. > The thieves
4. over a 20- year period. → The Great Pyramid of Giza is said . 2. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods. → Many people are said 3. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall. → The prisoner 4. It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour. → He 5. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident. → Two people 6. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion. Grammar: It is said that People say that → Three men 1. Sử dụng chủ ngữ của mệnh đề sau THAT làm chủ ngữ . của câu bị động: 7. It is expected that the strike will begin a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là hiện tại đơn. tomorrow. Ex: People say that he is a good doctor. → The He is said to be agood doctor. strike * S + am/ is/ are + thoughty/ said/ supposed 8. It is said that he speaks English very well. + + to + Vinf. → He b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành: Ex: People think that he stole my car. 9. It is said that apples are good for our He is thought to have stolen my car. health. → *S + am/ is/ are + thought/ said/ supposed Apples + to + have + Ved/PII . 10. It is believed that 13 is an unlucky c.Nếu động từ của mệnh đề sau That là hiện tại tiếp diễn: number. Ex: People think that he’s living in Hanoi. → He is thought to be living in Hanoi. 13 . *S + am/ is/ are + thought/ said/ supposed + to 1. It is thought that he is the best player. + be + V-ing. → He * CHÚ í: động từ tường thuật thường gặp: say (núi), think (nghĩ), believe (tin), suppose 2. It was believed that the earth stood still. → The (cho là), report (tường thuật), expect (trụng earth chờ), know (biết) 13. It is said that the president will come to I/Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it Moscow. means almost the same as the sentence → The 1. It is said that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built president
5. . people 14. It is thought that he died last night. → 7. People think that about a million puppies He are born eacy year. → About a million 15. It is expected that weather will be good tomorrow. puppies → The weather 8. People say that the factories are much worse. 16. It is reported that the damage is extensive. → The → The factories damage 9. People say that those dogs are dangerous. 17. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles → Those an hour. dogs → The man 10. People consider that she was the best . singer that Australia has ever produced. 18. It was reported that the president had suffered a → heart attack. She → The president 11. People know that the expedition reached the South Pole in May. 19. It is believed that the man was killed by terrorists. → The expedition → The man . 12. People think that the company is 20. It is reported that the building has been badly planning a new advertising campaign. damaged by the fire. → The → The company building Choose the best word, phrase or sentence. II/Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it 1.“ She is said to be 40 years old.” means means almost the same as the sentence 1. People say that he is 108 years old. a. She said she’s about 40 years old. b. She was told not → He is said to be over 40. . c. It is said that she is 40 years old. d. People guessed 2. People think that he is very clever. she was not 40. → He is 2.People say that playing football is the most interesting. thought a. The most interesting thing is playing football. b. It was said that playing football is the most 3. People believe that the wanted man is living in interesting. New York. c. It is said that playing football was the most → The wanted interesting. man d. Playing football is said to be the most interesting. 4. People know that he is very rich. 3.People said that he was in the hospital. → He a. It is said that he was in the hospital. b. He was said to be in the hospital c. He was said to have been in the hospital. d. All are 5. People suppose that the film is very good. correct → The film 4. People say that six out of the 7 wonders of the ancient world were destroyed. 6. People think that many people were killed in the A. It is said that six out of the 7 wonders of the ancient accident. world were destroyed. → Many B. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world is said to be destroyed.
6. C. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world is said to have The situation destroyed. D. Six out of the 7 wonders of the ancient world is said to have been destroyed. 5. It is said that she works 16 hours a day. She 5. It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb. A. They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb. 6. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new B. A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb. advertising campaign. C. A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb. The company D. A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb. 6. George another trip to Greece. 7. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year. A. is said to be planned B. said to be planned It C. said to be planning D. is said to be planning 7. The skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930. 8. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 A. They said that skyscraper was built in 1930. miles an hour. B. It was said that skyscraper was built in 1930. The man C. They are said that skyscraper is built in 1930. D. It is said that skyscraper was built in 1930. 9. Someone believed that the President had suffered a heart 8. John The Great Egypt of Giza. attack. A. said to have been visited B. is said to have been The president visited C. is said to have visited D. said to have visited 9. Mr. pike the most famous archaeologist in our city. 10. They think that the prisoners escaped by climbing over the A. says to be B. is said to be C. is said that D. wall. said to be The prisoners 10. Many people believe that God created the world. A. It believes that God created the world. B. The world is believed God created. 11. It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged C. God is believed to create the world. D. God is by fire. believed to have created the world. The buildings 11. to be the richest man in the USA. A. Bill Gates B. Bill Gates says C. Bill Gates is D. Bill Gates is said 12. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods. 12. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods. Many people A. Many people say to be homeless after the floods. B. Many people said are homeless after the floods. C. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods. 13. We all expected that Marta will pass the exam. D. Many people are said to have been homeless after the It floods. II. Change the following sentences into passive voice. 14. We knew that you are in town on the night of the crime. 1. They say that she is the best singer in this town. You She 15. People believe that he was killed by terrorists. 2. They believe he will be the winner. He It 3. People think that Tom stole food in the supermarket 3 days ago. Tom 4. Someone reported that the situation was under control. GRAMMAR
7. mirror (n) gương try on (v) thạ (quạn ỏo) 1) Could, was/were able to (cú thạ, cú khạ năng) 1.1. Could: đưạc dựng đạ chạ khạ năng núi chung hoạc đưạc phộp làm điạu gỡ trong quỏ khạ. Ex1: My grandfather was very clever. He could speak five languages. (ễng tụi rạt thụng minh. ễng cú thạ núi năm thạ tiạng.) Ex2: We were totally free. We could do whatever we wanted. (Chỳng ta hoàn toàn rónh rại. Chỳng ta cú thạ làm nhạng gỡ mỡnh muạn.) 1.2. Was/were able to: bờn cạnh chạ khạ năng COULD, cũn đưạc đưạc dựng đạ chạ khạ năng xạy ra ạ mạt tỡnh huạng cạ thạ trong quỏ khạ. Ex: A girl fell into the river, but fortunately we were able to rescue her. (Mạt cụ gỏi tộ xuạng sụng, nhưng thạt may mạn chỳng tụi cú thạ cạu cụ ta.) *CHÚ í: đại vại cõu phạ đạnh, cú thạ dựng COULD NOT hoạc WAS/WERE NOT ABLE TO. Ex: My father couldn’t swim. (=My father wasn’t able to swim.) TểM TạT:
8. COULD Khạ năng Núi chung NOT 2) Tag questions (cõu hại đuụi)
9. WAS/WERE ABLE TO Khạ năng Cạ thạ NOT