Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Bài 5: Mạo từ - Đỗ Bình

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề tự học môn Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Bài 5: Mạo từ - Đỗ Bình

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 BÀI 5. ARTICLES - MẠO TỪ I. Indefinite article: a/ an When counting or measuring time, distance, weight, and other singular countable nouns, etc. we can use “a”/ “an” for the singular (with the meaning one). Khi đo đếm các đơn vị danh từ đếm được số ít như thời gian, khoảng cách, trọng lượng, và các danh từ đếm được khác, ta sử dụng “a”/ “an” liền trước các danh từ đó với nghĩa là “một”. Cụ thể cách sử dụng “a”/ “an” như sau: 1. The use of “a”: The indefinite article “a” is place before singular countable nouns beginning with consonant sounds – Mạo từ bất định “a” được đặt trước các danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm. Xem các ví dụ sau: 1. a bat 6. a European 11. a hat 16. a lesson 21. a nod 26. a question 2. a bomb 7. a fan 12. a house 17. a litre 22. a nut 27. a ramp 3. a car 8. a finger 13. a hut 18. a man 23. a pen 28. a seat 4. a comb 9. a gift 14. a knife 19. a mouse 24. a pupil 29. a university 5. a damp 10. a guy 15. a lamp 10. a mouth 25. a queue 30. a watch 2. The use of “an”: The indefinite article “an” is place before singular countable nouns beginning with vowel sounds – Mạo từ bất định “an” được đặt trước các danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm. Xem các ví dụ sau: 1. an ax 7. an Australian 13. an eel 19. an iamb 25. an idol 2. an ankle 8. an eagle 14. an election 10. an ibex 26. an udder 3. an anlage 9. an eaglet 15. an eye 21. an ice-cream 27. an Ugrian 4. an aunt 10. an ear 16. an echo 22. an icon 28. an Ukrainian 5. an American 11. an earphone 17. an heir 23. an idea 29. an umbrella 6. an African 12. an ease 18. an hour 24. an idiom 30. an unaptness II. Definite article: The “the” is the same form for singular and plural and for all genders – “the” được sử dụng với tất cả các loại danh từ - số ít, số nhiều, đếm được, và không đếm được - theo các qui tắc dưới đây: 1. Use “the”: “the” được sử dụng khi: 1.1. When the object or group of objects is unique or considered to be unique – Khi vật thể hoặc nhóm vật thể là duy nhất hay được coi là duy nhất: e.g. the earth the sunthe sky the equator the stars 1.2. Before a noun which has become definite as a result of being mentioned the second time – Đứng trước các danh từ được xác định khi nó được lặp lại: e.g. I live in a small house. The house is really nice. He bought a car. The car was made in Japan. 1.3. Before a noun made definite by the addition of a phrase or clause – Đứng trước các danh từ được làm cho xác định bởi các cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề theo sau: e.g. the girl in blue the man with the banner the man that I adored the park where we first met 1.4. Before a noun which by reason of locality can represent one particular thing – Đứng trước các danh từ được xác định khi nó mang tính địa phương: e.g. Peter is in the garage. (the garage is in Peter’s house) Please give me the form so I can help you to fill in. (it’s your form) 1.5. Before superlatives and other words like first, second, last, only, etc. used as adjectives or pronouns – Đứng trước các hình thức so sánh hơn nhất, các từ sau first, second, last, only, etc khi dùng như tính từ hay đại từ. Chẳng hạn: e.g. This is the first time I have ever been to London. Job is the only thing I care for now. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/ ARTICLES
2. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 1.6. Before the well-known places – Đứng trước các địa danh nổi tiếng có tính toàn cầu như: e.g. the Nile the Thames the Amazon the Alp the Andes the Everest the Atlantic the Indian the Pacific the Eiffel the Statue of Liberty the Twin Towers 1.7. Before some countries’ names – Trước tên một số quốc gia như: e.g. the Union of Arabic Emirates (the U.A.E) the United States (the U.S) the Philippines the United Kingdom the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (the U.S.S.R) 1.8. Before the political system of almost all countries – Đứng trước tên quốc gia có thể chế chính trị như: e.g. the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (the S.R.V) the People Republic of China (the P.R.C) the People Democratic of Laos (the P.D.L) the People Democratic of North Korea (the P.D.K) the Republic of South Korea (the S.K) the Republic of France (the S.K) the Kingdom of Thailand the Kingdom of Belgium the Kingdom of Sweden the Kingdom of Netherland 1.9. Before adjectives to make pronouns – Đặt trước tính từ tạo thành các đại từ như: e.g. The rich are not always happy. The poor need help from all communities. 1.10. Before proper nouns – Đặt trước danh từ riêng chỉ các dòng họ: e.g. The Jones went shopping on Sundays. The Blacks are on your holiday in Mexico. 1.11. Before a noun of nationality to imply a nation – Đặt trước danh từ chỉ quốc tịch để nói đến một dân tộc như: e.g. The English are used to driving on the left. The Vietnamese are among the most industrious. The French are considered to be the most romantic. 2. Omission of “the”: “the” được sử dụng khi: 2.1. Before names of places except the above mentioned. 2.2. Before abstract nouns except when they are used to make sense. 2.3. Nouns with possessive or demonstrative adjectives. 2.4. before nouns of games and parts of body. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (). 1. His father bought him___ bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday. 2. ___ Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from France to___ United States. 3. Michael is studying___ English and___ math this semester. 4. Please give me___ cup of___ coffee with___ cream and___ sugar. 5. ___ big books on___ table are for my history class. 6. When you go to___ store, please buy___ bottle of___ chocolate milk and___ dozen oranges. 7. John and Mary went to___ school yesterday and then studied in___ library before returning home. 8. There are only___ few seats left for___ tonight’s musical at___ university. 9. ___ Lake Erie is one of___ five Great Lakes in___ North America. 10. What did you eat for___ breakfast this morning? 11. Bob played___ basketball and___ baseball at___ Boy’s Club this year. 12. Rachel plays___ violin and her sister plays___ guitar. 13. Mike attended___ Princeton University. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2/ ARTICLES
3. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 14. Henry has been admitted to___ School of Medicine at___ Midwestern university. 15. Brian can’t go to___ movies tonight because he has to write___ essay. Exercise 2. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (). 1. Last night there was___ singing outside my house. 2. ___ chair which you are sitting in is broken. 3. ___ Florida State University is smaller than___ University of Florida. 4. Scientists sent___ expedition to___ Mars during___ 1990s. 5. Mai’s grandmother is in___ hospital, so we went to visit her___ last night. 6. I’m on night duty. When you go to___ bed, I go to___ work. 7. Sorry, I can’t find the number. I remember writing it on___ back of an envelope. 8. ___ gold is perhaps___ most highly treasured metal. 9. ___ Mekong River is ___ longest river in___ Vietnam. 10. ___ winter is usually cold, but___ winter of this year is warm. 11. ___ money you gave me is not enough to buy___ bicycle. 12. Look at___ sun. It is rising. 13. We watch television after___ dinner. 14. Mr. Brown bought___ new car___ last week. 15. He usually travels to___ Philadelphia by___ train. Exercise 3. In the following sentences supply the articles (a, an, or the) if they are necessary. If no article is needed, leave the space blank (). 1. Miss White speaks___ Chinese very well although she is from___ UK. 2. ___ swimming is___ good sport. 3. Please open___ door. 4. ___ United States is___ world’s biggest consumer of energy. 5. Smith likes to play___ volleyball, but he is not___ good player. 6. My daughter is learning to play___ violin at___ school. 7. I told my mother we would be___ home in___ hour or so. 8. You can see ___ moon in___ sky at___ night. 9. ___ her children play in___ street all day. 10. ___ blue is___ color I like. 11. ___ January is___ first month of the year. 12. You frequently see this kind of violence on___ television. 13. ___ AIDS is___ incurable disease. 14. Not everyone believes that ___ technology has improved___ quality of people’s lives. 15. Would you show me___ shortest way to___ airport? Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. It is estimated that about 640 women remain illiterate in___ world, mostly in developing countries. A. a B. an C. the D.  2. Did you read___ book I lent you___ last week. A. a/ the B. the/ the C. the/  D. /  3. I went by___ train to___ West of England. A. / a B. / the C. /  D. the/ the 4. We visited Canada and___ United States. A. an B. a C.  D. the Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3/ ARTICLES
4. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 5. I fell in___ love with him because of his kind nature. A. a B. the C.  D. an 6. ___ schooling is compulsory in Australia between___ ages of six and seventeen. A. The/  B. A/ an C. / the D. The/ an 7. In___ most social situations, ___ informality is appreciated. A. /  B. the / an C. a / the D. the/ a 8. ___ love is___ very strong feeling of affection towards someone who you are romantically attracted to. A. The/ the B. The/  C. A/ the D. / a 9. London is___ of England. A. a capital B. capital C. one capital D. the capital 10. Do you know exactly___ number of Siberian tigers in China? A. a B. an C. the D.  11. It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in___ wild. A. a B. an C. the D.  12. ___ friend in need is___ friend indeed. A. The/ the B. A/ a C. /  D. / the 13. What is your___ biggest dream in___ your life? A. /  B. the/ a C. the/ the D. a/ the 14. Did you have___ good time at the party last night? A. a B. an C. the D.  15. The local authorities are conducting___ campaign to help___ disabled. A. a/ the B. the/  C. /  D. / the 16. We should do something immediately to conserve ___ nature A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 17. Everyone knows what is happening to ___ earth but we just do not know how to stop it. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 18. Where can people play ___ water polo? A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 19. No ___ water polo player except ___ goalie can hold the ball with both hands. A. a/ the B. the/ Ø C. the/ a D. Ø/ the 20. As for me, I consider reading ___ important part of ___ life. A. an/ Ø B. the/ a C. Ø/ the D. an/ a Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. Anne says that she reads about half___ hour a day, at least. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 2. Different people like specific types of books, and some people just like___ literature in general. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 3. Have you ever read___ "Oliver Twist", ___ interesting novel written by Charles Dickens? A. the/ the B. Ø/ an C. Ø/ Ø D. an/ the 4. I like___ books better than ___ films. A. Ø/ Ø B. the/ the C. Ø/ the D. the/ Ø 5. How many players are there in ___ water polo team? A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 6. ___ swimming is considered to be good way of losing weight. A. Ø/ a B. The/ a C. A/ the D. The/ the Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4/ ARTICLES
5. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 7. Water polo is played in___ pool 1.8 meters deep. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 8. The goalie tried to catch___ ball, but he failed. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 9. Internationally, 189 countries have signed___ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 10. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting ___ world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 11. WWF is___ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and has sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 12. Species become extinct or endangered for___ number of reasons, but___ primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities. A. Ø/ a B. a/ the C. the/ a D. Ø/ Ø 13. Since ___ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for___ food and other products has caused numerous species to become extinct or endangered. A. the/ a B. the/ Ø C. Ø/ the D. the/ the 14. By 2015, it will be widely accepted that schools and pre-schools have___ extremely important role to play in future of our world. A. an/ a B. an/ the C. the/ the D. Ø/ Ø 15. On___ Internet and with cable television we can select information from___ wide variety of sources. A. the/ a B. an/ the C. the/ Ø D. Ø/ the 16. There is one___ thing we can be sure___ energy will be more challenging and more important in the future. A. the/ Ø B. the/ an C. a/ the D. Ø/ Ø 17. ___ Europe and Asia are coming to rely more and more on___ nuclear generation. A. An/ a B. Ø/ Ø C. The/ the D. The/ a 18. He usually travels to___ Philadelphia by___ train. A. Ø/ Ø B. the/ a C. the/ the D. Ø/ a 19. You frequently see this kind of violence on___ television. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 20. How do we know what___ universe is supposed to look like? A. a B. an C. the D. Ø Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. ___ Sahara of ___ Africa is the world's largest desert. A. Ø/ the B. The/ Ø C. A/ an D. The/ an 2. Deserts can be defined as areas that receive___ average annual precipitation of less than 250 mm. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 3. The Simpson Desert is in___ north of___ Lake Eyre. A. Ø/ Ø B. the/ the C. a/ the D. the/ Ø 4. Cold deserts can be covered in___ snow or ice and frozen water is unavailable to plant life. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 5. ___ sand covers only about 20 percent of Earth's deserts. A. A B. An C. The D. Ø Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5/ ARTICLES
6. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) ARTICLES 2016 6. Deserts have___ reputation for supporting very little life, but in___ reality deserts often have high biodiversity. A. a/ Ø B. the/ the C. a/ the D. the/ a 7. Peter enjoys___ science fictions, ___ type of book based on imagined scientific discoveries in the future. A. Ø/ Ø B. the/ Ø C. Ø/ a D. the/ the 8. Different people never read a book in___ same way. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 9. Companies now can exploit the opportunities presented by___ integrated market of increasingly prosperous consumers in the region. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 10. Among___ greatest challenges are the integration of market diversity and the transitional economies of its member countries. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 11. Integrating with___ world's economy, we find ourselves facing important opportunities and challenges. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 12. To build on the field of political and security cooperation, ___ leaders have agreed to establish the ASEAN Security Community (CASC). A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 13. On July 28, 1995, Vietnam became___ seventh member of ASEAN. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 14. This country has ___ population of over 50 million. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 15. All countries remain ready to further cooperation with___ United Nations in the ongoing humanitarian efforts for the victims of catastrophe. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 16. ___ UN leaders appreciate the support, cooperation and leadership that ASEAN has shown in helping the victims of disasters. A. A B. An C. The D. Ø 17. The organization hosts cultural activities in ___ attempt to further integrate the region. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 18. In earlier times when the family depended on the hunter for food, woman's role, because she was gatherer, was secondary. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 19. Education is recognized as ___ essential need for achieving equality in most walks of life. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 20. It is estimated that about 640 women remain illiterate in ___ world, mostly in developing countries. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 6/ ARTICLES