Đề cương ôn tập tuyển sinh vào Lớp 10 THPT môn Tiếng Anh

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập tuyển sinh vào Lớp 10 THPT môn Tiếng Anh

1. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh ÔN THI TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 I. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) TOPIC 1: TENSES (Thì) TENSES USE SIGNAL WORDS EXAMPLES SIMPLE PRESENT - thói quen ở hiện tại - always, usually, often, - She often goes to (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN) - sự thật, chân lí. sometimes, seldom, school late. Động từ thường rarely, never, every, - The sun rises in the +: S + V1 / V(s/es) normally, regularly, east. occasionally, as a rule -: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V ?: Do / Does + S + V ? Động từ to be: S + am/ is / are - hành động đang diễn - at the moment, now, - I can’t answer the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE ra vào lúc nói. right now, at present phone. I’m having a (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) - dự định sẽ thực hiện - Look! bath. trong tương lai gần. - Listen! - She is going to the +: S + am/is/are + V-ing - hành động có tính - Be quiet! cinema tonight. chất tạm thời. - Keep silence! - He often goes to -: S + am/ is/ are + not + V- Note: một số động từ work by car, but ing thường không dùng với today he is taking a thì tiếp diễn: like, dislike, bus. ?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing? hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe, understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, be PRESENT PERFECT - hành động bắt đầu - lately, recently (gần - I have learnt (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH) trong quá khứ, kéo dài đây) English for five đến hiện tại và có thể - so far, up to now, up to years. +: S + has / have + P.P tiếp tục trong tương lai. the present (cho tới bây - hành động vừa mới giờ) -: S + has / have + not + P.P xảy ra. - already, ever, never, - She has just just, yet, for + khoảng received a letter from ?: Has / Have + S + P.P? th/g, since + mốc th/g. her father. - how long - this is the first time/second time - many times / several times SIMPLE PAST - hành động xảy ra và - yesterday, last week, - She went to London (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) chấm dứt ở một thời last month, ago, in last year. điểm xác định trong 1990, in the past, +: S + V2 / V-ed quá khứ. - The man came to - một chuỗi hành động the door, unlocked it, -: S + didn’t + V xảy ra liên tục trong entered the room, quá khứ. went to the bed and ?: Did + S + V .? - một thói quen trong lay down on it. quá khứ - When we were students, we often went on a picnic every weekend. PAST PROGRESSIVE - hành động đang xảy - at that time, at (9 - He was doing his (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) ra tại một thời điểm xác o’clock) last night, at this homework at 8 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 1
2. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh định trong quá khứ time (last week), o’clock last night. +: S + was / were + V-ing - hai hành động cùng - The children were xảy ra đồng thời trong playing football -: S + was / were + not + V- quá khứ while their mother ing was cooking the meal. ?: Was / Were + S + V- ing ? SIMPLE FUTURE - hành động sẽ xảy ra - tomorrow, next, in - He will come back (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN) trong tương lai 2020, . tomorrow. - một quyết định được - I think / guess - The phone is +: S + will / shall + V đưa ra vào lúc nói - I am sure / I am not sure ringing. I will answer it. -: S + will / shall + not + V (won’t / shan’t + V) ?: Will / Shall + S + V ? Lưu ý cách dùng của Be going to + V - diễn tả một dự định đã được sắp đặt trước Ex: She is going to buy a new computer. (She has saved for a year) - diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ Ex: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain. Note: - hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: . hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school. . hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework. She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends. Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian: (Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) Hiện tại Hiện tại Quá khứ Quá khứ Tương lai Hiện tại 1.TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back. 2. TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work. 3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend. 4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD It (start) to rain while the boys (play) football. 5. QKTD + while + QKTD Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games. 6. HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) here since I (graduate) . 7. After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) to bed. 8.Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT Before she (have) dinner, she (write) letter. EXERCISES Part A: Multiple Choices 1. He was writing to his friend when he ___a noise. A. was hearing B. heard C. had heard D. hears 2. I ___many people since I came here in June. A. met B. has met C. was meeting D. have met 3. We ___ maths at this time last week. 2 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
3. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A. were learning B. are learning C. was learning D. learnt 4. She was playing games while he ___a football match. A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching 5. She ___to Ho Chi Minh city last year. A. goes B. has gone C. go D. went 6. Since we came here, we ___ a lot of acquaintances. A. have had B. had C. have D. are having 7. ___he playing football now? A. Will B. Does C. Was D. Is 8. Every morning, I often sit in my garden and___ to my nightingale sing. A. listening B. listen C. listened D. listens 9. She ___school when she was six. A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting 10. I. ___TV when the telephone rang. A. watched B. was watching C. are watching D. have watched 11. I will contact you as soon as I ___the information. A. will get B. get C. got D. had got 12. If he's late again, I___ very angry. A. am going to be B. will be C. would be D. am 13. A: “The phone is ringing” B. “ I ___it”. A. answer B. will answer C. have answered D. will be answering 14. Yesterday, I ___ for work late because I ___ to set my alarm. A. had left / forgot B. was leaving / was forgetting C. left / had forgot D. had been leaving / would forget 15. By the time we ___ to the train station, Susan ___ for us for more than two hours. A. will get / has been waiting B. got / was waiting C. got / had been waiting D. get / will wait 16. While her brother was in the army, Sarah ___ to him twice a week. A. was writing B. wrote C. has written D. had written 17. The Titanic ___ the Atlantic when it ___ an iceberg. A. was crossing / struck B. had crossed / was striking C. crossed / had struck D. is crossing / strikes 18. In the 19th century, it ___ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. A. took B. had taken C. had taken D. was taking 19. Last night at this time, they ___ the same thing. She ___ and he ___ the Newspaper. A. are not doing / is cooking / is reading B. were not doing / was cooking / was reading C. was not doing / has cooked / is reading D. had not done / was cooking /read 20. After he ___ his English course, he went to England to continue his study. A. finish B. finishes C. finished D. had finished 21. It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema. A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time. C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to. D. We wish we went to the cinema now. 22. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago. A. I didn’t see Rose for three years. B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago. C. I haven’t seen Rose since three years. D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years. 23. I haven't visited the museum for three months. A. It is three months since I have visited the museum. B. I didn't visit the museum three months ago. C. The last time I had visited the museum was three months ago. D. It is three months since I visited the museum. 24. "John began playing the piano 10 years ago" A. John played the piano 10 years ago. C. John has played the piano for 10 years. B. John used to play the piano 10 years ago. D. John doesn't play the piano anymore Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 3
4. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 25. The last time I saw her was a week ago. . A. I haven't seen her for a week. C. I haven't seen her since a week. B. I have seen her for a week. D. I have seen her since a week. Part B: ERROR REGCONITION 1. When I walk past the park, I saw some children play football. A B C D 2. After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed. A B C D 3. What did you do at 9 o'clock last night? I phoned you but nobody answered. A B C D 4. When I arrived at the station, the train has already left. A B C D 5. Ann and Susan have known each other during they were at school. A B C D 6. She has disappeared three days ago, and they are still looking for her now. A B C D 7. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner A B C D 8. It’s the first time I saw this film A B C D 9. After he graduates from university, he joined the army. A B C D 10. Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president. A B C D PART C: WRITE THE CORRECT TENSES 1. Last night we (watch) ___TV when the power (fail) ___. 2. London (change) ___ a lot since we first (come) ___ to live here. 3. I (spend) ___ a lot of time travelling since I (get) ___this new job. 4. She (have) ___a hard life, but she’s always smiling. 5. He sometimes (come) ___ to see his parents. 6. Last month I (be) ___ in the hospital for ten days. 7. What you (do) ___ when I (ring) ___ you last night? 8. I (not see) ___ him since last Sunday. 9. My mother (come) ___ to stay with us next week. 10. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) ___ in a bank. 11. Columbus (discover) ___ America more than 400 years ago. 12. Listen! The birds (sing) ___. 13. ___You (receive) ___ any letter from your parents yet? 14. How long ___Bob and Mary (be) ___ married? 15. She (ask) ___ me to tellabout him several times. 16. John (watch) ___ TV at 8:00 last evening. 17. He (do) ___ his homework before he (go) ___ to the cinema. 18. Hurry up! The train (come) ___. 19. We (not talk) ___ to each other for a long time. 20. He (feel) ___ asleep while he (do) ___ his homework. TOPIC 2: PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động) I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Active: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT 4 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
5. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Passive: SUBJECT + BE + P.P + BY + OBJECT II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ THÌ CHỦ ĐỘNG BỊ ĐỘNG HTĐ V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + V3 HTTD Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + V3 HTHT Has / have + V3 Has / have + been + V3 QKĐ V2 / V-ed Was / were + V3 QKTD Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + V3 TLĐ Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + V3 Note: - Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O - Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định (noone, nobody) thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định. - Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động EXERCISES PART A: Change into passive voice. 1. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. 2. Alice gave me a wonderful present. 3. They are building several new schools in our town. 4. We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine. 5. Sam killed a lion last week. 6. You must hand in your report before the end of this month. 7. I had just finished the job when the factory closed. 8. No one has opened that box for the past hundred years. 9. She is going to mail these letters soon 10. He should finish the report yesterday. PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICES 11. Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 12. When I came, an experiment in the lab. A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held 13. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It everything in its path. A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed 14. This exercise may with a pencil. A. be written B. be to writeC. be writing D. write 15. This picture by Johnny when I came. A. painted B. was painted C. was being painted D. had been painted 16. They speak much about this book. A. This book is much spoken about. B. This book is much spoken. Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 5
6. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh C. This book is much about spoken. D. This book are much spoken about. 17. My shirt by my sister on my last birthday. A. gave B. was given C. had been given D. was being given 18. Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare. A B C D 19. Daisy's ring is make of gold. A B C D 20. This exercise may with a pencil. A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write 21. The university by private funds as well as by tuition income. A. is supported B. supports C. is supporting D. has supported 22. He broke my watch. A. My watch were broken. B. My watch be broken. C. My watch is broken. D. My watch was broken. 23. You have to do your homework every day. A. Your homework has been done every day. B. Your homework has to do by you every day. C Your homework has to be done every day. D. Your homework have to be done every day. 24. Lots of houses___ by the earthquake. A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroying D. were destroyed 25. The telephone ___ by Alexander Graham Bell. A. invented B. is inventing C. be invented D. was invented TOPIC 3: WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ước) Có 3 dạng câu mong ước: - Mong ước không thật ở hiện tại: KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren’t) PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V Ex: Ben isn’t here. I wish Ben were here. I wish I could swim. Ex: She failed her exam last year. She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam. - Mong ước không thật trong tương lai KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1 PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1 Ex: I wish you would stop smoking. Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If only Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat. = If only I weren’t so fat. - Mong ước không thật ở quá khứ: (học ở chương trình THPT) KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed EXERCISES 1. I wish I (see) ___ her off at the airport yesterday. 2. Tom wishes he (have) ___ enough money to buy a new car now. 3. Mary wishes she (become) ___ an astronaut someday. 4. He wishes he (not/buy) ___ that old car. 5. I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party. I really wish 6. I’m sorry I can’t help you do your homework. I wish 7. She doesn’t like to work with him. She wishes . 6 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
7. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 8. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ___ it better. A. understood B. would understand C. had understood D. understands 9. It never stops raining here. I wish it ___ raining. A. stopped B. would stop C. had stopped D. will stop 10. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ___ here right now. A. were B. would be C. had been D. was 11. I should never have said that. I wish I ___ that. A. didn't say B. wouldn't say C. hadn't said D. says 12. I speak terrible English. I wish I ___ English well. A. spoke B. would speak C. had spoken D. speaks 13. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ___ quiet. A kept B. would keep C. had kept D. will keep 14. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ___ the earlier train. A. caught B. would catch C. had caught D. catches 15. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ___ it. A. saw B. would see C. had seen D. seen 16. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ___ out. A. didn't go B. wouldn't go C. hadn't gone D. went 17. This movie is terrible. I wish we ___ to see another one. A. went B. would go C. had gone D. go 18. I wish I ___ more careful with my money in the future A. would be B. should be C. could be D. had been 19. George now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian A B C D 20. I sometimes wish that I will have another car. A B C D 21. I wishes you had been at the meeting yesterday. A B C D 22. I wish I didn’t say that to him yesterday. A B C D 23. She wishes that we didn’t send her the candy yesterday because she’s on a diet. A B C D TOPIC 4: PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (GIỚI TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN) 1. AT: vào lúc - dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày At + giờ At midnight nừa đêm At night buổi tối At lunchtime vào giờ ăn trưa At sunset lúc mặt trời lặn At sunrise lúc mặt trời lặn Dawn lúc bình minh At noon giữa trưa (lúc 12 giờ trưa) - dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đó At the weekend (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend) At Easter vào lễ phục sinh At Christmas vào lễ Giáng sinh At New Year At present, At the moment At this / that time At the same time cùng thời gian At the end / beginning of this month / next month Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 7
8. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh At the age ofở lứa tuổi Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five. Tom and Peter arrived at the same time. 2. ON: vào - dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day - dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày On Sunday evenings On Christmas Day, On New Year’s Day, On my birthday 3. IN: trong - dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày nói chung, một kỳ nghỉ, một học kỳ In the morning / afternoon / evening In the Easter holiday In the summer term trong học kỳ hè In the summer holiday trong kỳ nghỉ hè - dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ, thời đại và thiên niên kỷ In August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19th century In the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium - dùng trong một số cụm từ để chỉ thời gian trong tương lai In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months In the end cuối cùng * Note: On time đúng giờ (không trễ) In time đúng lúc, kịp lúc In the end cuối cùng In the end ≠ at first Ex: He got more and more angry. In the end, he walked out of the room. EXERCISES 1. She often plays the piano .night. 2. I always go school . foot 3. It never snows here Christmas. 4. The country looks beautiful . spring. 5. I can see you . Monday. 6. I live . the country, but she lives the city. 7. We have lived in Hanoi 4 years. 8. I don’t like get up the morning. 9. He had learned the whole poem heart. 10. He always comes . bus. 11. This book is Dickens. 12. Is Miss Smith . home? 13. I have breakfast . .7.30 every morning. 14. There is a meeting 1pm and 3pm. 15. My birthday is .May 5th. 16. My birthday is the 5th. 17. She has been here yesterday. 18. I like swimming the summer 19. We get a lot of rain November. 20. I will stay there till the beginning .June. TOPIC 5: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES I. ADVERB CLAUSES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả bắt đầu bằng các từ so, therefore (vì vậy, vì thế) Lưu ý dấu chấm câu của so và therefore 8 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
9. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Ex: He is ill so he can’t go to school. / He is ill, so he can’t go to school. He is ill. Therefore, he can’t go to school. / He is ill; therefore, he can’t go to school. Một số liên từ khác cần lưu ý: and, but, however, because, since, as Rewrite the sentences using “SO” / “THEREFORE” 1. They couldn’t help you because they are not here. 2. She doesn’t study hard and she can’t pass the exam. 3. I can’t go out because it is raining. 4. The test was so long that I can’t finish it. II. ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON (Mệnh đề chỉ lý do) 1. Mệnh đề chỉ lý do: Because / As / Since + S + V 2. Cụm từ chỉ lý do Because of / Due to + V-ing / Noun 3. Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý do sang cụm từ chỉ lý do a. . because + đại từ + be + adj . → because of + tính từ sở hữu + N b. because + N + be + adj → because of + the + adj + N c. . because + S + V + O → because of + V-ing + O (2chủ từ phải giống nhau) 4. Một số tính từ, danh từ thông dụng - lazy (a) laziness (n) - poor (a) poverty (n) - happy (a) happiness (n) - dark (a) darkness (n) - intelligent (a) intelligence (n) - old (a) age (n) III. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) 1. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: mặc dù 2. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ: (Tham khảo thêm) Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: mặc dù 3. Rút gọn mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ: a. Though / although + đại từ + be + adj. → Despite / In spite of + tính từ sở hữu + N b. Though / although + N + be + adj. Despite / in spite of + the + adj. + N a. Though / although + S + V + O Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O (2 chủ từ phải giống nhau) EXERCISE Rewrite sentences using “ALTHOUGH”, “DESPITE”, “IN SPITE OF” 1. She didn’t eat much. She was hungry. Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 9
10. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 2. The plane took off. The weather was bad. 3. He is very strong. I’m not afraid of him. 4. We could do the test. It was very difficult. 5. Although it got dard, they continue to work. 6. She works very hard although she is old. 7. Despite the bad weather, we went out. 8. Though she is poor, she lived very happily. TOPIC 6: CONNECTIVES (Từ nối) 1. and (và): dùng để thêm thông tin bổ sung 2. or (hoặc): diễn tả sự lựa chọn 3. but (nhưng): nối hai ý tương phản nhau 4. so (vì thế, do đó): diễn tả hậu quả 5. therefore (vì thế, do đó): đồng nghĩa với so, chỉ hậu quả 6. however (tuy nhiên): diễn tả sự tương phản, đồng nghĩa với but EXERCISES 1. He drives very (careful / carefully) 2. She was (unhappy / unhappily) because of her bad result. 3. They speak English quite (good / well) 4. You look (terrible / terribly). Are you all right? 5. She sings very (beautiful / beautifully) 6. Be (careful / carefully)! The teacher is looking at you. 7. It is an (interesting / interestingly) film. PART A: Rewrite sentences using “BECAUSE”, “AND”, “BUT”, “SO”, “OR”, 8. He left school because of his hard life. 9. It was very dark. I couldn’t see anything. 10. He couldn’t meet you. He is very busy. 11. She was sick. She went to bed early. 12. She can’t work hard because of her age. 13. Tom is sick. He must go to school today. 14. You must study harder. You will go into another class. 15. The air in the countryside is very fresh. People like to live there. PART B: Complete the sentences with a suitable connective words. 1. Is your brother big small? 2. It is very hot today Nam goes out with out a hat. 3. Mr. Brown is old, he doesn’t do hard work now. 4. it rained very hard yesterday , the children went to school on time. 5. Which is faster, a car a motorbike? 6. Sports are good for our health. ; we should play volleyball, soccer and jog everyday. 7. I have many brothers I have only one sister. 8. Nowadays, water, air the soil are polluted. 9. Tom enjoys pop music, movies. ; he like cartoon very much. 10. Yesterday Lan bought a notebook, a pen a compass 11. I want to go to the circus with you I have to finish my homework 12. Quang failed the exam he was lazy 13. What would you like, soup noodles? 14. Hoa’s eyes are weak. , she has to wear glasses. 15. Lan is good at Math Geography. 16. Nam worked very har ; he could not finish his work in time. 10 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
11. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 17. Do you like tea coffee? 18. He is fat very weak 19. Mai is thin, she is very strong 20. Vegetables are good for health we should eat them every day. TOPIC 7: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện) 1. Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai If clause Main clause S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V (don’t / doesn’t + V) (won’t / can’t + V) 2. Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại If clause Main clause S + V-ed / V2 S + would / could / should + V (didn’t + V) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V) To be: were / weren’t 3. Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ ( học ở chương trình THPT) Tham khảo thêm nếu có thời gian If clause Main clause S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P (hadn’t + P.P) (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P) 4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: a. Unless = If .not If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living. = Unless b. Without: không có = if not Without water, life wouldn’t exist. = If Note: 1. Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ. Were I rich, I would help you. = If I were rich, I would help you. Had I known her, I would have made friend with her. = If I had known her, I would have made friend with her. 2. Có thể kết hợp điều kiện 2 và điều kiện 3 trong một câu. (Tham khảo) If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now. You wouldn’t be so hungry if you had had breakfast this morning. 3. Đôi khi thì hiện tại đơn được dùng cho cả hai mệnh đề của câu điều kiện để diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên; nó được gọi là zero conditional. If we don’t water these flowers, they die. 4. Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời. If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book. If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me. 5. Đổi từ if sang unless: IF UNLESS Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định) Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi) Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster. Unless If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam. Unless 6. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 11
12. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh - If you don’t + V, Clause - If you aren’t + , Clause Ex: Be careful or you will cut yourself. If Go away or I will call the police. If EXERCISES Part A: Transformation sentences 1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there  If . 2. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert  If I 3. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.  If the children 4. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution  If they . 5. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying  If Carol 6. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.  If Rita 7. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car  If he 8. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.  If the flats 9. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you  If I . 10. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children  If she . 11. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car  If he . 12. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well  If Peter 13. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car. - If Mary PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. I would have visited you before if there ___ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you ___ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be 3. If I ___, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 4. If ___ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did 5. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It ___ better if you ___ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we ___ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ___ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he ___ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 11. If I ___ her phone number, I ___ her last night 12 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
13. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone 12. If he ___ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 13. If you press that button what ___? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 15. I am very thin. I think, if I ___ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I ___ that yesterday, I ___ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform 17. If you ___ to the course regularly, they ___ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give 18. I think he is not at home. If he ___ in, he ___ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered 19. If I ___ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be 20. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you ___ more good-looking. A. will be B. would be C. would have been D. can be 21. If your hair ___ grey now, what ___ you ___? A. went / would / do B. goes / would /do C. had gone / would/do D. had gone / would have / done 24. If I ___ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children. A. am B. have been C. were D. had been PART C: WRITE CORRECT TENSES OF VERBS 25. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. 26. What (you / say) ___ if I offered you a job? 27. The children always (get) ___ frightened if they watch horror films 28. If it (not be) ___ for you, I would be late 29. I can’t help feeling sorry for the hungry children. If only there (be) ___ peace in the world 30. Were I to become president, my first act (be) ___ to help the poor 31. If he (listen) ___ to his father’s advice, he would still be working here. 32. If she hadn’t stayed up late last night, she (not / be) ___ tired now. 33. If he (have) ___free time, he will go swimming. 34. Don’t go out if the wind (be) ___ strong. 35. If you (heat) ___ice, it (turn) ___into water. TOPIC 8: REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật) Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp. a. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ. b. Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn. I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu) 1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her We → They us → them our → their 2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your) - Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật 3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu: Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 13
14. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh DIRECT INDIRECT Simple present - V1 /Vs(es) Simple past – V2 / V-ed Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Present perfect – have / has + P.P Past perfect – had + P.P Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Simple past – V2 / -ed Past perfect – had + P.P Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Simple future – will + V Future in the past - would + V Future progressive will be + V-ing Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn: DIRECT INDIRECT Now Then Here There This That These Those Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last year The year before / the previous year Tomorrow The following day / the next day / the day after Next month The following month / the next month / the month after Ago Before BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ Subject Object Adjective possessive I me My You you your He him his She her her It it its We us our They them their CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP 1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: Direct: S + V + O: “V + O ” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V + . Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her - Mệnh lệnh phủ định: Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + ” Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 . Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.” → The teacher 2. Câu trần thuật Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause” Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause Note: said to → told Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.” → Tom said (that) She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.” → She told me (that) 3. Câu hỏi b. Yes – No question 14 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
15. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V + O .?” Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O . Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary “Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan c. Wh – question Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V + O ?” Indirect: S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V2/ed + O. Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me. → He asked me EXERCISES PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. Julia said that she ___ there at noon. A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be 2. They asked me when ___ . A. did I arrive B. will I arrive C. I had arrived D. I can arrive 3. The farmer said, “ I didn’t see her.” > The farmer said ___ her. A. he had seen B. I hadn’t seen C. she didn’t see D. he hadn’t seen 4. Mr Brown said, “I watched TV last night.” -> Mr Brown said that he ___ TV the night before. A. was watching B. watched C. had watched D. has watched 5. The teacher said Columbus ___ America in 1492. A. discovered B. had discovered C. was discovering D. would discover 6. Mary said, “ I want to give up my job.” -> Mary said that A. she wants to give up her job. C. she wanted to give up my job. B. I wanted to give up her job. D. she wanted to give up 7. Mary said ,”I have not seen Peter since last month .” A. Mary said she has not seen Peter since the previous month. B. Mary said she had not seen Peter since the previous month . C. Mary said she was not seen Peter since the previous month. D. Mary said she doesn’t see Peter since the previous month 8. “ I want to go on holiday but I don’t know where to go.” > Tom said that ___ A. he wanted to go on holiday but he doesn’t know where to go. B. he wants to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go. C. he wanted to go on holiday but he didn’t know where to go. D. I wanted to go on holiday but I didn’t know where to go. 9. Mary said : “ What will you do this evening, John ?” A. Mary asked John what would he do that evening. B. Mary asked John what John did that evening. C. Mary wanted to know what she and John would do that evening. D. Mary wanted to know what John would do that evening. 10. He said to them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!” A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense. C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense 11. “I don't know what Fred is doing," said my sister. A. My sister said that she didn't know what Fred was doing. B. My sister said she doesn't know what Fred is doing. C. My sister said that I don't know what Fred is doing. D. My sister said that she hasn't known what Fred was doing 12 . “I’ve been playing tennis a lot lately," John said. Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 15
16. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A. John said that I have been playing tennis a lot lately. B. John said that he has been playing tennis a lot lately. C. John said that he had been playing tennis a lot lately. D. John said that she had been playing tennis a lot lately. 13. The mother asked her son ___. A. where he has been B. where he had been C. where has he been D. where had he been PART B: TRANSFORMATION SENTENCES 14) John said to Mary, “I will give you a new bike next summer.” John told 15) “I’m looking for the book you gave me last week,” Mary said to Peter. Mary told Peter 16) Tom said: “I must leave now.” Tom 17) "I will get myself a drink," she said. She said 18) "I cannot drive you home," he said to her. He said 19) "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she said. She 20) "I will go to the movie with you," he said to me. He said 21) I asked him: “How do you go to school?” I ___ 22) “Why do you come home late,” James asked him. James 23) Henry said to his mother, “Come and spend a week with us.” Henry told 24) He said to me, “Keep a seat for me in the theatre.” He 25) Mike said to Henry, “Give me my book back, please.” Mike 26) "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said. She 27) He said, "Don't go too far." He 28) "Don't make so much noise," he said. He 29) She said: “I won’t buy this car because it is too old.” ___ 30) They said: “We are doing the exercise now.” ___ 31) “Do you like classical music?” he asked me. ___ 32) Mary asked John: “Can you play the guitar?” ___ TOPIC 9: TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi) 1. Quy tắc chung: câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định? - Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định? Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they? They can’t swim, can they? - Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này 16 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
17. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she? - Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they? - Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it” Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it? - Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng “they” Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they? - Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they” Ex:That is his car, isn’t it? These are your new shoes, aren’t they? - “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there? - Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are ): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi Ex: You will come early, won’t you? - Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it? She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she? - Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng đ5nh Ex: He never comes late, does he? Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn. 2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt: - Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I? - Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we? - Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: + dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời + dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you? Close the door, will you? - Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you? - Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she? EXERCISES PART A: COMPLETION 1. You’re going to school tomorrow, ___? 2. Daisy signed the petition, ___? 3. There’s an exam tomorrow, ___? 4. He will be attending the university in September, ___? 5. She’s been studying English foe two years, ___? 6. It doesn’t work, ___? 7. Let’s go fishing, ___? 8. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, ___? 9. You will stay in touch, ___? 10. You didn’t know I was an artist, ___? 11. He never goes to school late, ___? 12. Let’s go somewhere for a drink, ___? 13. You don’t like coffee, ___? Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 17
18. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 14. Peter plays soccer very well, ___? PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. It is quite warm, ___? A. is it B. isn’t it C. does it D. it isn’t 2. We should call Rita, ___? A. should we B. shouldn’t we C. shall we D. should not we 3. Monkeys can’t sing, ___? A. can they B. can it C. can’t they D. can’t it 4. These books aren’t yours, ___? A. are these B. aren’t these C. are they D. aren’t they 5. That’s Bod’s, ___? A. is that B. isn’t it C. isn’t that D. is it 6. No one died in the accident, ___? A. did they B. didn’t they C. did he D. didn’t he 7. The air-hostess knows the time she has been here, ___? A. does she B. isn’t it C. doesn’t she D. did she 8. This is the second time she’s been here, ___? A. isn’t this B. isn’t it C. has she D. hasn’t she 9. They must do as they are told, ___? A. mustn’t they B. must they C. are they D. aren’t they 10. He hardly has anything nowadays, ___? A. hasn’t she B. has he C. doesn’t he D. does she 11. You’ve never been in Italy, ___? A. have you B. haven’t you C. been you D. had you TOPIC 10: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (To-inf và V-ing) 1. To-infinitive - Sau các động từ: Agre , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten, - Trong các cấu trúc: + It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf + chỉ mục đích (để) + sau các từ hỏi: what, where, when, how, + It + be + adj + to-inf: thật để Ex: It is interesting to study English + S + be + adj + to-inf Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter. + S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf + S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf + S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary. - Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how , (nhưng thường không dùng sau why) Ex: I don’t know what to say. * Note: - allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf She allowed me to use her pen. - allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She didn’t allow smoking in her room. 2. Bare infinitive (V1) Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng: 18 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
19. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh - Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would, - Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had better Ex: They made him repeat the whole story. - Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework. He usually helps his sister do her homework. He usually helps his sister with her homework. II. GERUND (V-ing) - Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), . - Sau các cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá) - Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about - Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since, Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room. - S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise. III. INFINITIVE OR GERUND 1. Without changing in meaning: - begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing Ex: It started to rain / raining. 2. Changing in meaning: + remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ) + remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai) Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed. I remember meeting you some where but I can’t know your name. Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday. + stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì + stop + to-inf: dừng để Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health. On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper. + try + V-ing: thử + try + to-inf: cố gắng + need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (passive) + need + to-inf: cần (active) Ex: I need to wash my car. My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed. + Causative forms: S + have + O người + V + O vật S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) EXERCISES PART A: CORRECT VERB FORMS 1. When will you finish (repair) ___ my car? 2. Don’t forget (do) ___ your homework. Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 19
20. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 3. Would you mind (buy) ___ me a newspaper? 4. I’m interested in (play) ___computer games. 5. My father likes (read) ___ newspapers before going to work. 6. My grandfather is used to (get) ___ up early in the morning. 7. They are looking forward to our (visit) ___them. 8. He used to fall asleep without (take) ___ his shoes off. 9. My watch keeps (stop) ___. 10. I remember (meet) ___ you somewhere last month. 11. Why do you decide (choose) ___this book? 12. Would you like (come) ___to my party? PART B: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. It takes me ten minutes ___to school every day. A. walking B. to walk C. walk D. walked 2. We expect him ___ tomorrow. A. arrive B. arriving C. to arrive D. will arrive 3. Would you mind not ___ the radio on until I’ve finished with this phone call? A. turning B. to turn C. being turned D. to be turned 4. Would you like ___to my birthday party? A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 5. I tried ___the bus, but I missed it. A. catch B. catching C. to catch D. caught 6. Everyday I spend two hours ___ speaking English. A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised 7. Tommy admitted ___ the rock through the window. A. throwing B. being throwing C. to throw D. to be thrown 8. He suggested ___ a double railway tunnel. A. to build B. built C. building D. that building 9. The children stopped ___ games when their mother came home. A. playing B. play C. to play D. played 10. I can’t go on ___ here any more. I want a different job. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 11. My uncle has given up ___ for 3 years. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoked 12. Remember ___Lan a present because today is her birthday. A. send B. sending C. to send D. sent 13. We were allowed ___ photographs in this room. A. sell B. to sell C. selling D. sold 14. It’s not good to avoid ___ the teacher’s questions in class. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer 15. Your house needs ___ . A. redecorate B. redecorating C. redecorated D. to redecorate 16. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy ___ something. A. to write B. write C. wrote D. writing 17. It is no good ___ sorry for yourself. A. to feel B. feeling C. feel D. felt PART C: MISTAKE CORRECTION 18. It took me a very long time recovering from the shock of her death. A B C D 19. Remember taking off your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 20 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
21. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 20. My parents permitted me going out at weekends. A B C D 21. Money is used to buying food and clothes. A B C D 22. He often lets me to use his mobile phone. A B C TOPIC 11: ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (Tính từ và trạng từ) 1. Tính từ: - Đứng trước danh từ: adj + N - Sau các động từ liên kết (LINKING VERBS) như: BE, become, get, feel, look, seem, sound, - Sau các đại từ bất định: something, anything, everything, nothing, somebody, someone, anybody, anything, - Trước enough - Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that 2. Trạng từ: - Đứng sau động từ thường - be + adv + V3/-ed Note: trạng từ well đứng sau động từ to be để chỉ sức khỏe - Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ) 3. Tính từ + Mệnh đề Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác như: glad, happy, pleased, delighted, excited, sorry, disappointed, amazed, có thể có một mệnh đề theo sau Ex: We are happy that you won the scholarship. Adj TOPIC 12: PHRASAL VERBS (Động từ kép) - Động từ kép là động từ được cấu tạo bởi một động từ với một tiểu từ hay một giới từ hay cả tiểu từ và giới từ. 1. Một số động từ kép thường gặp: - turn on: bật, mở - turn off: tắt - turn down: vặn nhỏ - turn up vặn lớn - look for tìm kiếm - look after chăm sóc = take care of - go on tiếp tục = continue - give up từ bỏ = stop - try on mặc thử - put on mặc vào - wait for chờ, đợi - depend on dựa vào - escape from thoát khỏi - go out đi chơi - go away đi xa - lie down nằm xuống - come back quay về - throw away quăng, ném - take off cất cánh, tháo ra - break down hư hỏng - run out (of) cạn kiệt 2. Một số tính từ có giới từ đi kèm: - interested in thích, quan tâm - bored with chán - fond of thích thú - afraid of sợ - full of đầy ấp, nhiều - capable of có khả năng - next to kế bên - accustomed to quen với - famous for nổi tiếng về - sorry for lấy làm tiếc - late for trễ - good at giỏi về - surprised at ngạc nhiên về - popular with phổ biến với - busy with bận rộn - worry about lo lắng về - succeed in thành công - different from khác với - belong to thuộc về - borrow from mượn từ - It’s very kind of you to-inf bạn thật tốt bụng khi . - good for / bad for tốt / xấu cho Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 21
22. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. Do you want to stop in this town, or shall we ___? A. turn on B. turn off C. go on D. look after 2. Who will ___ the children while you go out to work? A. look for B. look up C. look after D. look at 3. Please ___ the light, it’s getting dark here. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn over D. turn into 4. The nurse has to ___ the patients at the midnight. A. look after B. look up C. look at C. look for 5. There is an inflation. The prices ___. A. are going on B. are going down C. are going over D. are going up 6. Remember to ___ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A. take care B. take on C. take over D. take off 7. You can ___ the new words in the dictionary. A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look at 8. It’s cold outside. ___ your coat. A. Put on B. Put down C. Put off D. Put into 9. 15.If you want to be healthy, you should___ your bad habits in your lifestyles. A give up B call off C break down D get over 10. “Please turn up the radio, I can’t concentrate on my work” A B C D 11. You can look ___ these new words in the dictionary if you don't know their meanings. A. up B. after C. for D. out 12. We give each other presents . Christmas. 13. Don’t sit . the floor. 14. I’m going away . the end of January. 15. I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting .the rain to stop. A. for B. away C. from D. up 16. I look stupid with this haircut. Everyone will laugh .me. A. in B. at C. into D. away 17. Tom has gone to France .holiday. A. on B. over C. for D. down 18. Are you interested .art and architecture. A. from B. for C. up D. in 19. Mary is very fond .animals. She has three cats and two dogs. A. about B. since C. of D. between 20. He was proud .himself for not giving up. A. of B. during C. after D. under PART B: COMPLETION 21. Remember to turn the light before you go to bed. 22. You should take your shoes when you go into a temple. 23. I want to turn the radio to hear the news. 24. I lost my pen. I have looked it all morning. 15. She stays at home because she has to look .her baby. TOPIC 13: MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa ra lời đề nghị) * Các mẫu câu đề nghị: - Let’s + V: - Shall we + V ? - How about / What about + V-ing .? - Why don’t we + V .? Để trả lời cho câu đề nghị ta dùng: 22 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
23. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh - Đồng ý: + Yes, let’s. + OK. Good idea. + Great. Go ahead. + Sounds interesting. + That’s a good idea. + All right. - Từ chối / Không đồng ý: + No, let’s not. + I don’t think it’s a good idea. + No. Why don’t we + V1 .? + No. I don’t want to. + I prefer to . * Câu đề nghị với động từ suggest: S + suggest + V-ing . S + suggest + that + S + should + V (từ that không được bỏ) S + suggest + that + S + shouldn’t + V EXERCISE Rewrite the sentences without changing meanings. 1. I think we should travel to work by bike → Why ? 2. Why don’t we eat in the canteen? → Shall 3. Let’s clean the classroom → I think 4. Shall we paint the school gate? → I suggest that 5. I suggest reusing the waste paper → How 3. I think we should put garbage into the bins → Let’s 4. Why don’t we go to school by bus? → I suggest 5. Let’s plant trees and flowers around your house →Why ? 6. I suggest turning off the lights before going out of the room → I suggest that 7. I suggest that you should not throw trash into water. → I think 8. He uses plastic bags to wrap food. - I suggest ___ 9. Why don’t we go for a walk? - He suggested ___ 10. His motorbike uses too much gas. - I suggest ___ 11. There are many cracks in your bikes. - I suggest ___ 12. Let’s have some drink. - I suggest ___ TOPIC 14: RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ) * Đại từ quan hệ: 1. WHO: chủ từ, chỉ người N (người) + WHO + V + O . 2. WHOM: Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 23
24. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh - làm túc từ, chỉ người N (người) + WHOM + S + V 3. WHICH: - làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ, chỉ vật . N (thing) + WHICH + V + O . N (thing) + WHICH + S + V 4. THAT: - có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp PHẢI dùng “that”: - khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất - khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last - khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. - khi danh từ đi trước bao gồm cả người và vật * Các trường hợp KHÔNG dùng that: - trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - sau giới từ * FURTHER REFERENCE – THAM KHẢO THÊM 5. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V . 6. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason. N (reason) + WHY + S + V 7. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there .N (place) + WHERE + S + V . (WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) 8. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then .N (time) + WHEN + S + V (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH) * NOTE: WHOSE, WHY, WHERE, WHEN học sinh sẽ học ở THPT * Mệnh đề quan hệ 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng khi danh từ không xác định, không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính. 2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng khi danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính. PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1) I couldn't remember the time ___ there was no internet. A. what B. who C. which D. when 2) The restaurant ___ we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city. A. where B. which C. when D. that 3) The top model about ___ I was telling you is on TV now. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 4) Are you the student ___ mother called me yesterday? A. whose B. who C. that D. when 5) Mary, ___ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly. 24 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
25. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh A. that B. whom C. which D. who 6) Who is your daughter? She is the child ___ has long, straight hair. A. whose B. who C. which D. when 7) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day ___ we saw each other for the first time. A. which B. on which C. at which D. why 8) August is the month ___ I always give my birthday parties. A. which B. in which C. what D. why 9) The purse ___ she had lost last week was found yesterday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 10) The old lady ___ we were travelling told us her life story. A. of whom B. with whom C. whose D. whom 11) She says the exam, ___ she took yesterday, was full of hard questions. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 12) I called my cousin, ___ is a mechanic, to fix my car, ___ was broken. A. who/ which B. that/ all of which C. who/ all of which D. who/ what 13) My only blue tie, ___ Richard wants to wear, is really an expensive one. A. that B. whose C. which D. whom 14) This is the village ___ my family and I lived for six years. A. in which B. that C. on which D. in where 15) She is a famous actress ___ everybody admires. A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. of whom 16) The food ___ I like best of all is pie alamode. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 17) Justine, ___ parents live in Christchurch, has gone to Southampton. A. whom B. which C. to whom D. whose 18) The old building ___ was behind the local church fell down. A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom PART B: MISTAKE CORRECTION 19. That is the man who he told me the bad news. A B C D 20. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked. A B C D 21. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter. A B C D 22. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in? A B C D 23. Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets? A B C D PART C: COMBINATION 24. I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day. 25. The town was small. I grew up there. 26. 1960 was the year. The revolution took place in that year. 27. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee. 28. They’re the postcards. They arrived yesterday. Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 25
26. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 29. The children sang aloud all night. This kept their parents awake. 30. Maria is studying in New York City. The city is called the “ Big Apple”. ___ Part D: Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun. 1. There are eighteen different kinds of penguins ___ live south of the equator. 2. Thank you very much for the present ___ you sent me. 3. This is Mrs. Jones, ___ son won the championship last year. 4. His girlfriend, ___ he trusted absolutely, turned out to be an enemy spy. 5. The bus crashed into a queue of people, four of ___ were killed. 6. A man bought in a little girl, ___ hand was cut by flying glass. 7. Mary, ___ boyfriend didn’t turn up, ended by having lunch with Peter. 8. He paid me $5 for cleaning ten windows, most of ___ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 9. In prison they fed us on dry bread, most of ___ was moldy. 10. The chair in ___ I was sitting suddenly collapsed. 11. The bed ___ I slept on has no mattress. 12. The man ___ I was waiting for didn’t turn up. 13. The student with ___ she was dancing had a slight limb. Part E: Put a tick  if the relative pronoun in the following sentences can be deleted, and put a cross if it is not. 1. We lit a fire, which soon dried out clothes. 2. The report, which should have taken an hour and a half, took three hours. 3. The children who I was looking after were terribly spoilt. 4. She thanked him for the kind help that she received. 5. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box from which I was phoning. 6. The man who was driving us didn’t know the way. 7. The Smiths, whose house was destroyed in the explosion, were given rooms in the hotel. 8. The car which we hired from the airport broke down on the road. 9. My boss, who I really wanted to see, was too busy to meet anyone. 10. Mr. and Mrs. Jones, who were out playing cards, knew nothing of the burglary. Part F: Combine the following pairs of sentences, using relative clauses. 1. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him. 2. I missed the train. I usually catch this train. 3. I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable. 4. This is a story of a group of boys. Their plane crashed on an uninhabited island. 5. He introduced me to his students. Most of them were from abroad. 6. He expected to pay me $2 for 12 eggs. Four of the eggs were broken. 7. She climbed to the top of the Monument to see the wonderful view. She had been told about the view. 8. I was given this address by a man. I met his man on a train 9. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out. 10. The bar was so noisy that I couldn’t hear the person at the other end of the line. I was telephoning from this bar. 11. At 6.00 thick fog descended. 6.00 was an hour before the plane was due. 12. I’ve just spoken to Sally. She sends you her love. 13. I waited for him until 4.30. At that point I gave up. Answer: Ex1: Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun. 1. which/ that 2. which/ that 3. whose 4. who/ whom 5. whom 6. whose 7. whose 8. which 9. which 10. which 11. which/ that 12. who/ whom/ that 13. whom 26 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
27. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Ex2: Put a tick  if the relative pronoun in the following sentences can be deleted, and put a cross if it is not. 1. 2. 3.  4.  5. 6. 7. 8.  9. 10. Ex3: Combine the following pairs of sentences, using relative clauses. 1. Mr. Smith, who I had come specially to see, said he too busy to speak to me 2. I missed the train which I usually catch. 3. I saw several houses, most of which were quite unsuitable. 4. This is a story of a group of boys whose plane crashed on an uninhabited island. 5. He introduced me to his student, most of whom were from abroad. 6. He expected to pay me $2 for 12 eggs, four of which were broken. 7. She climbed to the top of the Monument to see the wonderful view which she had been told about. 8. I was given this address by a man who I met on a train. 9. The man who answered the phone said Tom was out. 10. The bar from which I was telephoning was so noisy that I couldn’t hear the person at the other end of the line. 11. At 6.00, which was an hour before the plane was due, thick fog descended. 12. I’ve just spoken to Sally, who sends you her love. 13. I waited for him until 4.30, at which point I gave up. * FURTHER PRACTICE: MODALS (Động từ khiếm khuyết) 1. May / might Affirmative: May / Might + V: Negative: May / Might not + V: diễn tả - sự suy đoán (không chắc chắn) - sự xin phép, cho phép 2. Must / mustn’t Must +V: (phải), diễn tả điều bắt buộc (có tính chủ quan) Mustn’t + V: (không được), diễn tả một sự cấm đoán. 3. have to + V: phải, (có tính khách quan) Note: Quá khứ của have to là had to + V Phủ định của have to là don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to + V 4. should + V = ought to + V: nên CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT (Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả) 1. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả: a. so . that (quá đến nỗi) S+ be + so + adj. + that + S + V S+ V thường + so + adv. + that + S + V a. such . that (quá đến nỗi) S+ V + such (a/an) + N + that + S + V 2. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả: a. enough .to (đủ để có thể) S + be + adj. + enough (for O) + to-inf. (dùng for + O khi 2 chủ từ khác nhau) S + V thường + adv. + enough (for O) + to-inf. S + V + enough + N + to-inf. b. too .to (quá .không thể) S + be (look / seem / become / get) + too + adj. (for O) + to-inf. S + V thường + too + adv. (for O) + to-inf. COMPARISONS (So sánh) Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 27
28. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 1. So sánh bằng: S + be + as + adj. + as + . S + V thường + as + adv. + as+ . 2. So sánh hơn: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + adj. / adv. + ER + THAN + b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + MORE + adj. / adv. + THAN + 3. So sánh nhất: a. Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn: S + V + THE + adj. / adv. + EST + b. Tính từ / Trạng từ dài: S + V + THE MOST + adj. / adv. + 4. Một số tính từ, trạng từ bất qui tắc Good / well better the best Bad / badly worse the worst Far further/farther the farthest/ the furthest Much / many more the most Little less the least Few fewer the fewest Happy happier the happiest Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest Narrow narrower the narrowest EXERCISES PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICES 1. Mr. Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company. A. bigB. more bigger C. biggerD. the bigger 2. My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother. A. more big than B. so big than C. as big asD. too big than 3. He is not tall as his father. A. the B. as C. than D. more 4. John’s grades are than his sister’s. A. higherB. more high C. highD. the highest 5. Deana is the of the three sisters. A. most shortB. shorter C. shortest D. more short 6. She speaks English as . as her friend does. A. good B. well C. better D. the best 7. Of the three shirts, this one is the . A. prettierB. most prettiest C. prettiest D. most pretty 8. The baby’s illness is than we thought at first. A. bad B. worst C. worse D. badly 9. Today is the day of the month. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest D. hottest than 10 He works more than I. A. slow B. slowly C. slowestD. most slowly 11. My book is as . as yours. A. good B. well C. betterD. the best 12. I love you than I can say. A. much B. many C. more D. the most 13. It’s to go by bus than by car. A. cheaper B. cheapest C. more cheap D. more cheaper 28 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
29. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 14. That house is one on the street. A. oldest B. the oldest C. old D. older 15. I can't cook as well as my mother does. A. My mother can cook better than I can. B. My mother can't cook better than I can. C. My mother can cook well than I can. D. I can cook better than my mother can. 16. My interview lasted longer than yours. A. Your interview wasn’t as short as mine. B. Your interview was shorter than mine. C. Your interview was as long as mine. D. Your interview was longer than mine. INDEFINITE QUANTIFIERS - many + N đếm được số nhiều: nhiều - much + N không đếm được: nhiều - few + N đếm được số nhiều: ít (không đủ để dùng) - a few + N đếm được số nhiều: ít (đủ để dùng) - some + N đếm được, không đếm được: một vài, một ít - a lot of + N đếm được, không đếm được: nhiều - little + N không đếm được: ít (không đủ để dùng) - a little + N không đếm được: ít (đủ để dùng) PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES (-ing and –ed participles) Phân từ là những động từ có dạng ing/ed đứng đầu 1 cụm phân từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng liền trước nó. - Present participles: active meaning - Past participle: passive meaning Ex: doing/done, playing/played, making/made, working/worked, going/gone, writing/written The man standing near the tree is my uncle. The lamp made in China is very old. ADJECTIVES ENDING IN ‘ING’/ ‘ED’ Ex: suprise surprising surprised ngạc nhiên 1. bore boring bored chán, dở 2. excite exciting excited hào hứng, phấn khởi 3. interest interesting interested thú vị, hứng thú 4. amuse amusing amused buồn cười, vui nhộn 5. disappoint disappointing disappointed thất vọng 6. tire tiring tired mệt mỏi - Adjectives ending in ‘ing’: thường dùng miêu tả vật, chỉ bản chất của sự vật hoặc 1 người nào đó. - Adjectives ending in ‘ed’: thường dùng miêu tả cảm giác con người khi có điều gì tác động. I am excited about the trip to Ha Long Bay because it is very interesting. The film was boring, so Lan felt tired We all like Mr. Trung because he is an interesting teacher. SOME OTHER STRUCTURES 1. Lối nói phụ họa: a. Đồng ý theo một câu khẳng định, dùng: - S + V trợ + too. - So + V trợ + S. b. Đồng ý theo câu phủ định, dùng: - S + V trợ (phủ định) + either. - Neither + V trợ (khẳng định) + S. 2. Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing .? Do you mind if I + V (Hiện tại đơn) .? Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 29
30. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Would you mind if I + V2/ed (Quá khứ đơn) .? 3. Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành S + last + V quá khứ đơn + thời gian + ago. - S + V hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + thời gian - It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V quá khứ đơn. - The last time + S + V quá khứ đơn + was + thời gian + ago. Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago. - I have not gone to Da Lat for nine years. - It is nine years since I last went to Da Lat. - The last time I went to Da Lat was nine years ago. This is the first time + S + HTHT khẳng định - S + HTHT never + before Ex: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi. - I have never visited Ha Noi before. - I have visited Ha Noi for the first time. 4. used to Affirmative: S + used to + V (đã từng) Negative: S + didn’t use to + V (không từng) Interrogative: Did + S + use to + V ? (có từng .không) 5. be used to / get used to + V-ing: quen với 6. It takes / took + O + time + to-inf . 7. S người + spend + time + V-ing 8. It is + adj. + to-inf → V-ing + be + adj. : thật để . 9. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích: S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1: để S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1: để không EXERCISE: TRANSFORMATION SENTENCES 1. It’s 2 years since I saw him. I haven’t 2. Hung is busy. Hung wishes 3. Her daughter cannot speak English. She wishes 4. The weather is too cold, so we can’t go swimming. If 5. I can’t buy the house because it is too expensive. If 6. Mary asked, “Tom, who will open the box for me?” Mary 7. The teacher asked him, “Do you think before you answer?” The teacher 8. He said to me, “ Shut the door” He 9. The guide said to us, “Don’t touch this picture.” The guide 10. She sings beautifully. She is 11. We run fast. We are 12. He is a good dancer. He 30 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
31. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh 13. She is a slow worker. She 14. Mary will come. Peter will be happy. If Mary 15. The teacher will correct it. We will understand it. If 16. Ronaldo wins the gold ball of FIFA. The gold ball 17. Mr. Hung keeps a large collection of medals. A large 18. The principle bought many teaching aids for our school. Many teaching aids 19. Minh Quang caught the ball easily. The ball 20. They have just held an English workshop. An English workshop 21. Let’s have a picnic. What do you think about . . .? 22. What do you think about traveling to Dalat? I think we should . 23. He likes to go for a walk. He enjoys 24. I love to watch TV. I am interested in 25. We started playing volleyball 2 months ago. We have 26. It’s important to protect the environment. Protecting 27. He studies hard because he want to get a scholarship. He studies hard in 28. I spent two hours doing this exercise. It took me 29."I can play the piano very well." said Lan.  Lan said that 30.It took me two hours to do this homework.  I spent 31.Water these trees or they will die.  If 32.I have never seen this style of jeans before.  It’s the first time 33.You must return the books by this Friday.  The books 34.Mark began playing the piano ten years ago.  Mark has 35.I have never seen this style of jeans before.  It’s the first time 36.I’m sorry I don’t have my teacher’s address  I wish 37.We didn’t go on a picnic because the weather was bad Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 31
32. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh  The weather was bad 38.They built that house three years ago  That house 39. Do you like pop music ? “Hoa asked me”  Hoa asked me 40.What about planting some trees around our house to get more fresh air ?  Why don’t we II. READING A. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS Hướng dẫn một số kỹ năng cơ bản làm bài đọc dạng Comprehension Questions: + Đọc kỹ câu hỏi, tìm key words trong mỗi câu hỏi. Tìm câu có chứa key words trong bài text. Đáp án của câu hỏi thường nằm ngay sau hoặc trước các key words đó. + Đọc kỹ câu hỏi, tìm key words trong mỗi câu hỏi. Tìm câu có chứa từ đồng nghĩa / trái nghĩa hoặc tương tự với key words trong bài text. + Đọc kỹ câu hỏi, chú ý cấu trúc câu/ thì được sử dụng để tìm đáp án thích hợp. Ví dụ: I often hear or read about “natural disaster”- the eruption of Mount St Helen, a volcano the state of Washington, Hurricane Andrew in Florida; the floods in the American Midwest; terrible earthquakes all over the world; huge fires; and so on. But I’ll never forget my first personal experience with the strangeness of nature – “the London Killer Fog” of 1952. It began on Thursday, December 4th when a high –pressure system (warm air) cover southern England. With the freezing-cold air below, heavy fog formed. Pollution from factories, cars, and coal stoves mixed with the fog. The humidity was terribly high, there was no breeze at all. Traffic (cars, trains, and boats) stopped. People couldn’t see, and some walked onto the railroad tracks or into the river. It was hard to breathe, and many people got sick. Finally on Tuesday, December 9th , the wind came and the fog went away. But after that, even more people got sick, many of them died. 1. Which natural disaster isn’t mentioned in the text? A. a volcanic eruption B. a flood C. a hurricane D. a tornado 2. What is his unforgettable person experience? A. the London killer B. the heavy fog in London C. the strangeness of nature D. a high-pressure system 3. What didn’t happen during the time of the “London Killer Fog”? A. pollution B. humidity C. heavy rain D. heavy fog 4. The traffic stopped because of . A. The rain B. the windy weather C. the humid weather D. the heavy fog * Chọn đáp án: + Câu 1: từ khóa là ‘natural disaster isn’t mentioned’, HS chỉ cần đọc lướt qua dòng 1, 2 là tìm ra đáp án (D. a tornado) + Câu 2: từ khoá là ‘his unforgettable person experience’, tương tự cụm ‘never forget my first personal experience’ ở dòng 4 của bài text cuối câu này có cụm “the London Killer Fog”, chọn B. là phù hợp. + Câu 3: từ khoá là ‘What didn’t happen ’, từ cuối dòng 4 – dòng 7 diễn tả the “London Killer Fog”, chọn C. + Câu 4: từ khoá là ‘traffic stopped’ ở cuối dòng đầu dòng 8. câu kế đó là ‘People couldn’t see’, suy theo nghĩa của câu này, chọn D. B. CLOZE TEXT 32 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
33. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Một số kỹ năng cơ bản làm bài đọc hiểu dạng điền khuyết với nhiều sự lựa chọn: + Đọc lướt các đáp án gợi ý nhận định xem nó thuộc lĩnh vực nào: từ loại (parts of speech), thể/ thì của động từ (tenses/forms of verbs), giới từ (prepositions), ngữ nghĩa (lexico), phrasal verbs, single / plural nouns + Chọn đáp án có sự hoà hợp với các từ đứng ngay trước / sau chỗ trống. Ex: từ trước ngay chỗ trống là tính từ thì chọn 1 danh từ và ngược lại. Ngay sau chỗ trống là giới từ thì chọn từ thích hợp với giới từ đó: interested in, listen to, famous for, take care of Ngay trước chỗ trống là ‘be’ mà đáp án là verb form thì chọn V-ing hoặc V3/ed (tuỳ theo nghĩa chủ động hay bị động) + Các đáp án thuộc về từ vựng (lexico) thì xem ngữ cảnh của câu có chứa chỗ trống với các câu liền kề. Ex: TET Although there (25) many celebrations throughout the year, Tet or the Lunar New Year holiday is the most important celebration for (26) people. Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February. It is a time for families to clean and decorate their homes, and enjoy special food such as sticky rice cakes. Family members (27) live apart try to be together at Tet. At Tet, spring fairs are organized and children are given lucky money wrapped in a red tiny envelope. Tet is also time for peace (28) love. During Tet, children often behave well and friends, relatives and neighbors give each other best wishes for the new year.” Question 25: A. are B. is C. was D. were Question 26: A. English B. Vietnamese C. American D. Malaysian Question 27: A. when B. where C. which D. who Question 28: A. with B. or C. and D. but * Chọn Đáp án: + Câu 25: ngay sau chỗ trống là danh từ số nhiều, cả bài sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn nên đáp án A là phù hợp. + Câu 26: theo ý nghĩa (ngữ cảnh) cả bài thì Tết là của người Việt Nam nên đáp án B là phù hợp. + Câu 27: ngay trước chỗ trống là danh từ chỉ người, ngay sau chỗ trống là động từ có chia thì; ta cần 1 đại từ quan hệ có chức năng chủ ngữ, chọn D. + Câu 28: ngay trước và sau chỗ trống là 2 từ cùng từ loại, cả 2 từ đều mang ý nghĩa tương đồng, chọn C. III. WRITING Topic 1: Write a letter to a pen pal OUTLINE First paragraph: when you arrived/ who you met (bus/train station, airport ) Second paragraph: Talk about: + what you have done/ + places you visited/ + people you’ve met/ + food you’ve tried/ + things you’ve bought Third paragraph: + how you feel/ + what interests you most (people, places, activities, weather )/ + when you return Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 33
34. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Practice: Write a letter to a pen pal about your trip to somewhere, in the letter you must cover: - places: Da Lat, Ha Long, Sapa - weather: hot, windy, cool, warm, sunny, - where to stay: hotel, guest house, relatives’ house - places you visited/ - people you’ve met/ - food you’ve tried/ - things you’ve bought - how you feel about people, places : friendly, hospitable, beautiful, breathtaking - when you return Topic 2 : Write an argument. OUTLINE Organization Language Introduction Writer’s point of view My opinion is I think Series of argument Present arguments in a logical Firstly, way (one in each paragraph) Secondly, Give examples Thirdly, Conclusion Sum up the argument Therefore, In coclusion, * Practice: Write a a paragraph (80-100 words) in which you support the argument that children should take part in outdoor activities Outline: Taking part in outdoor activities: - helps them keep fit / stay healthy - makes them become more energetic / self-confident - develops physical condition and makes their mind bright. - feels relaxed after a hard working day. Topic 3: A letter of inquiry OUTLINE Introduction: how you come to know about the Institution, school, Language center (ad on TV/ in newspapers/ from friends ) Express your interest (want to know more information) Request: exactly what kind of information you want. Further information: you are ready to supply more information about you Conclusion: End with a polite closing * Practice: Write a letter of inquiry to the foreign language institute requesting for information about the course and fees Topic 4: Write about Advantages / Disadvantages of the Internet. OUTLINE Introduction: Introduce the Advantages or Disadvantages of the Internet in general. Body: + Advantages: - a source of information - a sorce of entertainment - a means of education + Disadvantages: - time-consuming and costly - dangerous because of viruses and bad programs - spam or junk mail - personal information leaking Conclusion: 34 Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng
35. Đề cương ôn tậpTuyển sinh 10 - Tiếng Anh Topic 5: A complaint letter OUTLINE Section Functions Language Situation state reason for writing I am writing to you Complication mention the problem Resolution makes a suggestion I would suggest that Action talk about future action I am looking forward to Politeness end the letter politely Yours faithfully/secerely, Topic 6: A SPEECH OUTLINE Parts of a speech Functions Language Introduction Getting people attention and Good morning/afternoon I tell them what you are going am to talk about Body Giving details in easy-to- Most of the people understand language Conclusion Summing up what you have If you follow said Write a short paragraph about “How to reduce garbage at school”. You can use these suggested ideas @ Put garbage bins around the schoolyard (prevent lazy students from throwing trash) @ Place “ Don’t litter” signs around the school ( warn litterbugs of throwing trash in the wrong places) @ Punish anyone for littering (feel ashamed of their actions) Kiến thức ngôn ngữ - Bài tập vận dụng 35