Đề ôn thi chọn HSG môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9

Nội dung text: Đề ôn thi chọn HSG môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 9

1. Forms of verbs A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about the forms of verbs and do exercises. B/ Procedures : I/ GRAMMAR: Forms of verbs 1/ TO V( to infinitive ) : được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: + Sau các động từ : want, intend, decide, expect, hope, offer, wish, mean, promise, refuse, learn, like, agree, fail, attempt ( cố gắng ), arrange, neglect ( lơ là ), plan, manage, need, seem, threaten ( đe doạ ) + Sau Adj : S + be + adj + to do sth glad, happy, ready, kind, difficult, easy, willing ( quan tâm, tự nguyện ), interesting, eager, luckey, pleased, disappointed ( thất vọng ) Eg: I'm glad to hear that you passed the exam + Trong cấu trúc : S + V + O + TIME + to V It took me 2 days to read the book. + Trong cấu trúc : S + V1 + ( not ) to V2 He advised me ( not) to go there. Khi V1 là : ask, get , tell, want, advise, request, order, persude, invite, force, help, encourage, allow, permit, remind( nhắc nhở ), warn + Trong cấu trúc : TOO Adj / Adv + ( for sb ) + to do sth OR Adj/ Adv + ENOUGH + ( for sb ) + to do sth He's old enough to drive a car. + Sau V: make, see, hear, watch, notice ở bị động I was made to laugh a lot + Biểu đạt mục đích thay cho : in order to / so as to I went to / in order to see him + Trong cấu trúc : S + be + the first/ second to do sth. He was the first person to leave the party. = He was the first person who left the party. 2/ V ( bare infinitive ): được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau: + Sau Modals : can, may, must, need, will, shall, should,would rather, had better, had best, ought to, used to, have to, dare You had better stay at home. She'd better not stay up late + Trong cấu trúc V là động từ tri giác : see, hear, notice, watch sb do sth I saw the goalkeeper catch the ball beautifully. + Trong cấu trúc V là : make , let, have sb do sth: ( Have sb do sth : Nhờ ai làm gì ) Let him go out The actor made them laugh a lot ( Bắt ai làm gì ) + Trong cấu trúc : '' suggest/ demand/ insist that sb do / should do sth'' I suggest that he learn/ should learn harder. + Dùng sau : but, except ( trừ, ngoại trừ ) We can do nothing but wait She does nothing but complain ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca) 3/ V- ING : được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
2. + Sau một số V: prefer, mind, enjoy, admit ( thoả mãn ), deny, like, dislike, hate, finish, start, keep, stop, practice I like learning English. + Sau phrasal verbs: be/ get used to, look forward to, have a good time, have a hard time, be busy, it's no good/ use/ there's no point in ( vô ích khi làm gì ), It's ( not ) worth ( thật '' không '' đáng ) She is busy learning This book is worth watching There's no point in teaching you + Trong cấu trúc với V tri giác , biểu hiện hành động đang diễn ra. We could see the woman coming down. + Theo sau một số V + preposition: about , of, with, without She left without saying any word. + Bắt đầu một ngữ phân từ mang nghĩa chủ động Seeing him running, I went to see what was wrong. Being + Adj : Being tall is an advantage in life. Not being tall is a disadvantage in life. + Go + V-ing : go fishing, go camping, go jogging / hiking/ cycling/ shopping + Can't help + V- ing : ( Không thể nhịn được ) When he tells a joke, I can't help laughing. + Can't stand/ bear + V- ing : ( không thể chịu được ) I can't bear living with him. I can't stand listening to you + To sit/ stand/ lie/ walk somewhere + V- ing He sat in an armchair reading a book. + To catch/ find/ discover + sb + V- ing I caught the boy stealing apples in the garden. + need + V- ing ( nghĩa bị động ) My motorbike needs reparing II/ Exercises: 1) Supply the correct verb forms: 1.Tourists could see fish ( swim) along the brook ( lạch, dòng suối nhỏ ) 2.The form teacher has asked Jack ( write ) an assay on the Thames. 3. It sometimes may be difficult ( get ) a taxi during rush hour. 4.The rain has made the children ( stop ) their game. 5. She tells the driver ( take ) her to the railway station. 6. Does Mrs Green have them ( carry ) these books back home ? 7. The principal noticed those students ( try ) harder and harder. 8. Children have just stopped ( play ) football. 9. They keep ( talk ) about an old friend they met yesterday. 10. We heard Mr Brown ( park ) his car near the gate. 11. They had their house ( paint ) before Tet holiday. 12. I advised him ( wait ) for me at the airport. 13. Would you mind ( help ) me with this work ? 14. Do you smell something ( burn ) in the kitchen ? 15. Mother requests her daughter not ( come ) back home late . 16. Each of us is ready ( do ) the work.
3. 17. My mother is good at ( cook ) 18. They are old enough ( go ) out themselves. 19. His house needs ( repaint ) 20. They had better ( keep ) secret. 2) Multiple choice 1. This film is than the one we saw last week. A.as good B.gooder C.more good D.better 2. My brother won’t come here 10 p.m. A.until B.to C.than D.in 3. I couldn’t find your number in the telephone A.department B.director C.directory D.inquiry 4. They live in a of Oxford, and come into town by bus. A.suburb B.area C.center D.countryside 5. How long will it you to get there? A.go B.need C.have D.take 6. Mr Brown invented the machine A.hisself B.itself C.himselfD.Both B and C are correct 7. Before he went to bed, Mr Thomson the lights. A.closed B.turned on C.closed up D.switched off 8. It was a difficult question that we couldn’t answer it. A.so B.such C.very D.too 9. I was born in Scotland but I in Northern Ireland. A.grew up B.raised C.brought up D.rose 10. No one has ever asked me that question before. In passive voice this sentence should read A. That question has never been asked me before B. That question has never been asked me before by anyone C. I have not ever been asked that question before D. I have never been asked that question before 11. is the amount you must pay to ride a bus. A.Money B.Fee C.Fare D.Tax 12. Do you turning the television now? A.want B.object C.mind D.disapprove 13. Trung swim very well and does his brother. A.also B.so C.even D.neither 14. There is enough about aspects of American life here. A.information B.annoucement C.declaration D.qualification 15. Don’t ever do that again, A.don’t you B.do you C.will you D.won’t you 16. The house in green was built three years ago. A.painting B.paint C.painted D.was painted 17. After arriving home, they usually their uniforms. A.take out B.put out C.take off D.put off 18. Bill Gate, is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionare. A.who B.whom C.that D.whose
4. 19. My favourite at school was history. A.topic B.class C.theme D.subject 20. Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school A.report B.papers C.diploma D.account 3/Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1. What you (do) last weekend? -I (go) to the theater with my family. 2. John and I (be) pen pals for nearly three years. 3. We used (write) to each other every month when we ( be) at secondary school. 4. Minh (know) .a little English , so she (wish) she (can) speak it fluently. 5. Maryam (stay) with us at the moment. She (be) .my sister’s friend. * Answers: 1/ 1.swimming 6. carry 11. painted 16. to do 2. to write 7. to try 12. to wait 17. cooking 3. to get 8. playing 13. helping 18. to go 4. stop 9. talking 14. burning 19.repainting 5. to take 10. park 15. to come 20. keep 2/ Multiple choice 1. D 6. C 11. C 16. C 2. A 7. D 12. C 17. D 3. B 8. B 13. B 18. A 4. A 9. A 14. A 19. D 5. D 10. D 15. C 20. A 3/ 1. did you do 2. have been 3. to write – were 4. knows – wishes – could 5. is staying- is - ing form or infinitive A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about – ing form or infinitive and do exercises. B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR 1/ Động từ nguyên thể đứng sau động từ to be Eg : His ambition is to become a director. ( Tham vọng của ông ấy là trở thành giám đốc) 2/ Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể-
5. - agree đồng ý - regret tiếc phải làm gì - arrange sắp xếp - try cố gắng - attempt cố gắng - decide quyết định - fail thất bại - offer đề nghị - neglect lơ là - want - threaten đe dọa - seem có vẻ, dường như - plan lập kế hoạch - promise hứa - manage xoay sở - expect mong chờ - refuse từ chối - hope hy vọng - remember nhớ phải làm gì - need cần Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man. - I'll arrange to meet her. - They decided to move to Ha Noi. - Tom failed to catch the train. - I hope to see you again. -They offer to do the shopping for us. - I managed to get out of the car. - She promised to wait for him. - The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bọn bắt cóc dọa giết đứa bé nếu bố mẹ cậu báo cảnh sát) 3/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể - advise sb to do sth khuyên - encourage khuyến khích - allow cho phép - permit cho phép - remind nhắc - warn sb not to do sth cảnh báo ai đừng làm gì - tell sb to do / not to do sth bảo ai làm gì / không làm gì - order ra lệnh - persuade thuyết phục - invite mời - want - force bắt buộc - ask yêu cầu - help Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise. - I remind Minh to bring the umbrella. - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. - My family encouraged me to apply for the job. 4/ Những động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên thể không "to" - make sb do sth ( Bắt ai làm gì ) - let sb do sth - hear sb do sth - watch sb do sth - see sb do sth - have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhờ ai làm gì)
6. Eg : - Our father made us work hard. - Don't let him go out too much. - I had my neighbour repair my bike. = I got my neighbour to repair my bike. - Someone saw him steal the car. 5. Những cụm từ theo sau là động từ nguyên thể - to be about to do sth ( sắp sửa làm gì) - to be able to do sth ( có khả năng làm gì) - do / try one's best to do sth ( cố gắng hết sức làm gì) Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain. - Try your best ! - She hasn't been able to find a job yet. ( Cô ta vẫn chưa thể tìm được công việc) 6. Động từ nguyên thể dùng sau but , except (trừ, ngoại trừ) Eg : - We can do nothing but wait. - She does nothing but complain. ( Cô ta chẳng làm gì ngoài việc kêu ca.) 7. S + V + noun + to do sth Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain. - We have a lot of work to do. 2/Verb -ing dùng làm tân ngữ Bảng dưới đây là những động từ đòi hỏi tân ngữ theo sau nó phải là một Verb - ing admit appreciate avoid can't help consider delay deny enjoy finish mind miss postpone practice quit recall repeat resent resist resume risk suggest Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels. ➢ Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có mẫu động từ can't help doing/ but do sth: không thể đừng được phải làm gì Ex: With such good oranges, we can't help buying (but buy) two kilos at a time. ➢ Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định cho các động từ trên đây dùng làm tân ngữ phải đặt not trước nguyên thể hoặc V - ing. ➢ Bảng dưới đây là những động từ mà tân ngữ sau nó có thể là một động từ nguyên thể hoặc một V- ing mà ngữ nghĩa không thay đổi. begin can't stand continue dread hate like love prefer start try ➢ Lưu ý rằng trong bảng này có một động từ can't stand to do/doing sth: không thể chịu đựng được khi phải làm gì. Ex: He can't stand to wait/ waiting such a long time.
7. 3. Một số động từ đặc biệt ➢ Đó là những động từ mà ngữ nghĩa của chúng sẽ đổi khác hoàn toàn khi tân ngữ sau nó là một động từ nguyên thể hoặc V - ing : try, stop, remember, forget, regret, allow, go on. 1) TRY ( thử, cố gắng ) 1.1 . TRY + GERUND ( try doing sth) : thử làm điều gì ( có tính chất thử nghiệm ) Eg: She tries making a cake. ( Cô ấy thử làm một cái bánh ) 1.2. TRY + INFINITIVE ( try to do sth ) : Cố gắng làm điều gì ( để đạt kết quả ) Eg: He tries to speak English. You should try to work hard. 2) STOP ( Ngừng ) 2.1. Stop to do sth: Ngưng, dừng làm một việc gì để làm một việc khác The worker stops to smoke a cigarrete. 2.2. Stop doing sth: dừng việc gì đang làm His brother stopped smoking. ( Anh của anh ấy đã bỏ thuốc ) They stopped playing football when it rained.( Họ ngừng chơi bóng khi trời mưa) 3) REMEMBER ( Nhớ ) 3.1. Remember to do sth: Nhớ sẽ/ phải làm gì ( Như một bổn phận hay nhiệm vụ ) Eg:: I remember to send a letter at the post office tomorow morning. I didn't to lock the door. ( Tôi không nhớ là phải khoá cửa ) 3.2. Remember doing sth: Nhớ là đã làm gì/ Nhớ điều gì đã làm ( Bây giờ nhớ lại ) Eg:: I remember locking the door before leaving, but now I can't find the key. I remember his telling me about it. ( Tôi nhớ là hắn đã kể cho tôi về chuyện đó ) ➢ Đặc biệt nó thường được dùng với mẫu câu: S + still remember + V-ing : Vẫn còn nhớ là đã Ex: I still remember buying the first motorbike 4) FORGET ( Quên ) 4.1 Forget to do sth: quên làm điều gì Eg: I forgot to pick up my child after school She forgot to write to me ( Cô ta quên viết thư cho tôi = Cô ta chưa viết ) = She didn't remember to write to me. He forgot to do his homework ( Nó quên không làm bài tập = Nó chưa làm ) 4.2. Forget doing sth: Quên (rằng) đã làm việc gì rồi ) He forgets sending me a gift. ( Anh ấy quên đã gửi cho tôi món quà = Anh ấy đã gửi nhưng quên việc ấy ) ➢ Đặc biệt nó thường được dùng với mẫu câu S + will never forget + V-ing: sẽ không bao giờ quên được là đã Eg: She will never forget meeting the Queen.( Cô ấy sẽ không bao giờ quên chuyện đã gặp Nữ hoàng ) 5) REGRET ( Hối tiếc ) 5.1. Regret to do sth: Lấy làm tiếc khi phải làm gì (Được dùng để thông báo tin xấu/ nói với ai điều không may) Eg: I regret to tell/ inform/ you that say that We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of the bad weather.
8. We regret to inform you that your application isn't suitable. we can't accept your proposal. ( đề nghị ) 5.2. Regret doing sth/ Not doing sth: Hối tiếc ( vì đã ) làm/ Không làm điều gì ) Eg: He regrets leaving school early. It's a big mistake. I regret not following my father's advice. She regretted not working hard before. ( Cô ấy thấy tiếc là trước đây không học hành chăm chỉ). 6) ALLOW ( Cho phép ) 6.1.Allow sb to do sth: ( Cho phép ai làm gì ) They allow their children to watch TVin the evening. 6.2. Allow doing sth: Cho phép làm gì. They don't allow smoking here. ( Họ không cho phép hút thuốc ở đây) 7) GO ON ( Tiếp tục ) 7.1.Go on to do sth: After his course, he goes on to work in a bank.( Sau khóa học, anh ấy làm việc ở một ngân hàng ) 7.2.Go on doing sth: Tiếp tục làm điều gì The workers go on working despite the bad weather. 1. Các giới từ đứng sau động từ ➢ Tất cả các giới từ đứng sau động từ đều phải ở dạng V-ing ➢ Một số các động từ thường đi kèm với giới từ to. Không được nhầm lẫn giới từ này với to của động từ nguyên thể. Verb + prepositions + V-ing approve of be better of count on depend on give up insist on keep on put off rely on succeed in think about think of worry about object to look forward to confess to Eg: Fred confessed to stealing the jewels Adjective + prepositions + V-ing accustomed to afraid of capable of fond of intent on interested in successful in tired of Eg: Mitch is afraid of getting married now. Noun + prepositions + V-ing choice of excuse for intention of method for possibility of reason for (method of) Eg: There is no reason for leaving this early. ➢ Không phải bất cứ tính từ nào cũng đều đòi hỏi sau nó là một giới từ + V-ing. Những tính từ ở bảng sau lại đòi hỏi sau nó là một động từ nguyên thể. anxious boring dangerous hard
9. eager easy good strange pleased prepared ready able usual common difficult Eg: It is dangerous to drive in this weather. ➢ able/ unable to do sth = capable/ incapable of doing sth. 5.Các đại từ đứng trước động từ nguyên thể hoặc V-ing dùng làm tân ngữ. ➢ Đứng trước một động từ nguyên thể làm tân ngữ thì dạng của đại từ và danh từ sẽ là tân ngữ. allow ask beg convince expect instruct invite order permit persuade prepare promise remind urge want S + V + complement form (pronoun/ noun) + [to + verb] Eg: Joe asked Mary to call him when she woke up. Eg: We ordered him to appear in court. ➢ Tuy nhiên đứng trước một V- ing làm tân ngữ thì dạng của đại từ và danh từ sẽ là sở hữu. Subject + verb + possessive form (pronoun/ noun) + verb-ing Eg: We understand your not being able to stay longer. Eg: We object to their calling at this hour ''Wish ''clause” Để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện ta có thể dùng động từ '' WISH'' , '' IF ONLY '' or '' WOULD RATHER'' + CLAUSE ( Mệnh đề ) 1/ WISH + ( that ) CLAUSE a/ (Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở tương lai ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + WOULD + V ( bare inf ) I wish I would go to the moon tomorrow. My mother wishes she would visit London some day. b/ ( Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở hiện tại ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + V ( past simple ) ( be = were ) I wish I were at the seaside now. He wishes he could speak English fluently. c/ ( Ước muốn trái với thực tế ở quá khứ ) S + WISH + ( THAT ) + V ( past perfect ) I wish I had gone to the movies last night. Tom wishes he had followed the doctor's advice when he was in hospital. He didn't learn hard at school.He regrets now. = (He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned/ learning hard) * Notes : WISH có thể được dùng như động từ WANT WISH + to V ( I wish to be a teacher )=I want to be a teacer. I wis to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle. 2/'' IF ONLY'' + CLAUSE - Mệnh đề theo sau '' IF ONLY '' có cấu trúc giống như '' WISH ''
10. Eg: If only he were at our meeting now 3/ '' WOULD / ' D RATHER '' + ( THAT ) CLAUSE - Được dùng để diễn tả điều gì ưa thích hơn. Mệnh đề theo sau '' WOULD RATHER'' có cấu trúc giống như mệnh đề theo sau '' WISH '' I'd rather ( that ) you took the course in English.( Tôi thích bạn tôi theo học khoá học Tiếng Anh hơn.) II/ EXERCISES 1/ Ex1/ Make sentences with '' I wish '' in the following situations. 1.I don't have time to study I wish 2. I can't answer the question. I wish 3. They will leave for France next week. I wish 4. We are not leaving in England. I wish 5. She won't visit me again. I wish 6. He is so stupid. I wish 7. My younger brothers play in the street all day. I wish 8. I didn't see the TV program last night. I wish 9. My friend, John lost his pen. I wish 10. Mary was absent from class yesterday. I wish 2/ Ex2 : Multiple choice 1. She often goes to the to pray because her religion is Islam. A. church B.pagoda C.temple D.mosque 2. Mary was really by the beauty of Hanoi. A.impress B.impression C.impressive D.impressed 3. The United States has a of around 250 million. A.population B.separation C.addition D.introduction 4. Mathematics and Literature are subjects in high schools. A.adding B.compulsory C.optional D.religious 5. They were welcomed by friendly in Viet Nam. A.air B.matter C.impression D.atmosphere 6. It seems difficult for us abroad at the moment. A.go B.to go C.went D.gone 7. I come from Viet Nam so I am not used to on the left. A.drive B.drove C.driven D.driving 8. Although we are away from each other, we still A.keep in touch B.say hello C.keep together D.keep on 9. Music and painting are subjects. A.option B.optional C.optionally D.optioning 10. clothes do you prefer, T.shirt or pullover? A.What B.How C.Which D.Where 11. My uncle was a He had a large collection of musical instruments. A.music B.musical C.musiclally D.musician 12. Peter got quickly and went to school. A.dress B.dressed C.dressing D.dresses 13. The Aodai is the dress of Vietnamese women. A.beautiful B.traditional C.casual D.baggy
11. 14.She describes herself a fastion designer. A.by B.as C.in D.from 15. I English here since I graduated from university. A.teach B.taught C.have taught D.am teaching 16. Marie Curie the Nobel Prize for Physics in1903. A.award B.awarded C.was awarded D.has awarded 17. We have some students for the program. A.exchange B.exchanged C.to exchange D.exchanging 18. The weather is nice. Shall we mountains this morning? A.go B.travel C.come D.climb 19. My village is near the of the mountain and by the river. A.foot B.leg C.feet D.legs 20. He is considered one of the greatest of the country. A.heroes B.heroin C.heroines D.heroic 4 Ex4 / Supply the correct form of the verbs in the passage. Dear Mom and Dad, How are you? I (1-miss) you a lot. I (2-be) away from home for a week. I (3-arrive) Heathrow Airport at 9 a.m this morning. I (4-leave) Paris for London after a week visiting my friend and Auntie Lan. I (5-stay) with Nathalie for two days. I (6-visit) Eiffel Tower. It (7-be) the most beautiful tower I (8-ever see) before. It (9-take) us nearly two hours to get in and go up to the top of the tower. From high above we (10-see) a vast paranoma of Paris. The French, especially the Parisians(11-be) very proud of this tower.Then we (12-go) Lyon to visit Auntie Lan. We (13-be taken) to the “Old City of Lyon”. It (14-be located) on a hill.We (15-enjoy) the beautiful sight of the modern city from the top hill. We also (16-pay) some visits to the old castles which (17-be built) some centuries ago. We (18-have) a chance to eat the French special food. What we (19-like) the best was traveling by the TVG from Paris to Lyon and back. We (20- watch) the beautiful countryside. The farms (21-be) bigger and more fertile than ours. I also (22-do) some shopping. The souvenirs (23-be) so nice. We (24-stay) with Mr and Mrs. Brown at the moment. We (25-visit) the Lake District tomorrow. They (26-take) me there by car. The days after we (27-go) to see some interesting places in London such as the Trafalgar Square, the Buckingham Palace, London bridge and travel along the Thames by boat I(28-buy) some souvenirs from london, too. I (29-be) back home by the end of the next week. I (30-look) forward to receiving news from home. With much love, Tam. * ANSWERS: 1/ Ex1/ 1. I wish I had time to study. 2. I wish I could answer the question. 3. I wish They would leave for France next week. 4. I wish We wouldn't leave in England. 5. I wiah She would visit me again. 6. I wish he were intelligent. 7. I wish My younger brothers didn't play in the street all day. 8. I wish I had seen the TV program last night. 9. I wish My friend, John hadn't lost his pen.
12. 10. I wish Mary hadn't been absent from class yesterday. 2/ EX2: 1.D 6.B 11.D 16. C 2.D 7. D 12.B 17. A 3. A 8.A 13. B 18. D 4. B 9.B 14.B 19. A 5. D 10. C 15. C 20. A 3/ Ex 3: 1. had 6.much/ lots 11.form/ be 16. by 2. whether 7. responsibility 12. sense/ feeling 17. power 3. disapeared/ ended 8. in 13. concentrate/focus 18. so 4. taken 9. them 14.as 19. make 5. however 10. time 15. not 20. very 4/ Ex4: 1. miss 7.is 13.had been taken 19.liked 25.will visit 2. have been 8. have ever seen 14.is located 20. watched 26. will take 3. arrived 9. took 15. enjoyed 21. are 27. will go 4. left 10. saw 16. paid 22. did 28. will buy 5. stayed 11.are 17 was built. 23. were 29. will be back 6. visited 12. went 18. had 24. are staying 30.look Passive VOICE A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about passive and do exercises. B/ Procedures : I / GRAMMAR A/ The passive voice. Active : Hemingway wrote “The old man and the sea “ Passive: “ The old man and the sea” was written by Hemingway. S + be + PII + by + O Tense Active voice Passive voice 1. Simple Present eat, eats am, is, are eaten 2. Simple Past ate was, were eaten 3. Simple Future will, shall eat will, shall be eaten 4. Present Perfect has, have eaten has,have been eaten 5. Past Perfect had eaten had been eaten 6. Present Continuous am, is, are eating am, is, are being eaten 7. Past Continuous was, were eating was, were being eaten 8. Modals can eat can be eaten Notes: - Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau “by” Ex : She does the housework every morning.
13. The housework is done by her every morning -Trạng từ thể cách đứng giữa “to be” và PII E x : She cooked the meals carefully. The meals were carefully cooked by her. -Trạng tư nơi chốn đứng trước “by”. Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room. The flower vase will be put in the living room by her. -Đối với chủ ngữ là : “nobody, nothing, no one “ có thể áp dụng 2 cách chuyển. Ex : Nobody saw him last night. He was not seen last night. He was seen by nobody last night. -Các chủ ngữ mơ hồ : somebody, something, people, they, someone, khi chuyển sang câu bị động có thể lược bỏ “by + O “ Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse. My purse has been stolen. - Động từ nêu lên ý kiến : say, think, believe, report, know có thể đổi theo 2 cách: Ex : People said that he had gone abroad. It was said that he has gone abroad. He was said to have gone abroard. ➢ Các nội động từ (Động từ không yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) không được dùng ở bị động. Ex: My leg hurts. ➢ Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng không được chuyển thành câu bị động. Ex: The America takes charge: Nước Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm ➢ Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhưng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng with. Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter. ➢ Trong một số trường hợp to be/to get + P2 hoàn toàn không mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa: ❖ Chỉ trạng thái mà chủ ngữ đang ở trong đó Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone. Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday. ❖ Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy Ex: The little boy gets dressed very quickly. Ex: Could I give you a hand with these tires. No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts. Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, còn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên. • to be made of: Được làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This table is made of wood • to be made from: Được làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi hoàn toàn về trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật)
14. Ex: Paper is made from wood • to be made out of: Được làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật) Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk • to be made with: Được làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật) Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices. B/ The present perfect tense 1/ Form (+) S + have/has + PII (-) S + have/has + not + PII (?) Have/Has + S + PII ? 2/ The uses. a) Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không nêu rõ thời gian. Ex : I have read the introduction but I don’t understand them. She has painted her room. b) Một hành động mới xảy ra gần đây mà kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại. Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident. c) Một hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp diễn đến hiện tại (thường dùng với since và for). -Since: thời điểm -For: thời lượng Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972. They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks. d) Một hành động xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian chưa chấm dứt ( thường dùng với today, this morning, this month, all night, all week .) Ex : He has played video games all night. I have got many bad marks this semester. e) Được dùng với các cấu trúc : * This/That/ It is the first/second/third time * This/That/ It is the only * This/That/It is + superlative. Ex : This is the first time I have been to London. This is the only party I’ve ever enjoyed in my life. That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read. f) Thường dùng với các thành ngữ : already, not yet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ? My parents have just bought a new house. II-Exercises Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets. 1. She ( leave ) school last year. Since then she (work) .as a waitress at a local pub. 2. I’m sorry. I ( not finish) this homework yet. 3. You (see) any good films recently?
15. 4. How many cups of coffee (drink) .today ? 5. Our team (be) rubbish. They (just lose) eight games one after the other. 6. Poems as well as plays ( write) .by William Shakespeare. 7. I’m not cooking today. I (cook) . all the meals yesterday. In fact, I (cook) most of the meals this week. 8. This is the second times I ( come back) .to Ho Chi Minh city. 9. The dancers ( perform) .very well when we came in. 10.They ( have ) a party at their friend’s house tonight. EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive. 1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday. 2. The worker are building a supermarket on our street. 3. The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day. 4. They have sold their car to pay their dept. 5. We are going to grow flowers in the front garden. 6. You musn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm. 7. My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me. 8. Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ? . 9. We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts 10. Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai . * ANSWERS: EX1: 1. left/ has worked 6. were written 2. haven't finished 7. cooked / have cooked 3. have you seen 8. have come back 4. have drunk 9. were performing 5. is/ have just lost 10. are going to have EX2: 1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ? 2/ How long did you stay there ? 3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ? 4/ What/ Where did you visit ? 5/ Did you speak English all the time ? EX4: 1. I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister. or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister.
16. 2. A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers ). 3. The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers ) 4. Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them ) 5. Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us ). 6. This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you ). 7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother. 8. Were jeans made two hundred years ago. 9. This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us ). 10. The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women. REVISION A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to consolidate the knowledge that they've learnt by doing exercises. B/ Procedures : V/ Rewrite the following sentences. 1. Mary always went swimming after school last year. Mary used 2. Maryam was impressed by Hanoi people. Hanoi people made 3. Bahasa Malaysia is widely spoken in Malaysia. Malaysian people 4. Her wish is buying that villa but it’s too far expensive for her. She wishes 5. My daughter has studied English for two years My daughter started 6. She last wrote that dress at her sister’s wedding. She hasn’t 7. Jack London didn’t write the novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” The novel 8. Computers are used to design new models. People 9. When did you start working in that factory? How long .? 10 . It isn’t necessary for students to wear uniforms today. Students 11.Lan’s brother gave her a story for her birthday. Lan 12- It was such a bad news that Mai burst into tears. The news 13- If Hong doesn’t study harder, she’ll fail the exam. Unless 14- I’d like to visit England more than any other country in the world. England is 15- The flight to Ho Chi Minh city lasted one hour and a half. It took \ VI- Make a cross on the correct answer A, B, C or D in the following sentences :
17. 1- The Sword Lake is set in beautiful ___ A. situation B. views C. surroundings D. environment 2- They haven’t seen each other, but they write to each other frequently. They are ___ A. pen pals B. writers C. co-writer D. paper pals 3- Churches, temples and pagodas are places of ___ A. gossip B. warship C. worship D. friendship 4- Their friendliness makes a deep ___ on tourists. A. correspondences B. beauty C. recreation D. impression 5- The Singaporean ___ is Singapore dollars. A. currency B. capital C. language D. climate 6- Children in this poor village are allowed to go to school without ___ A. education B. instruction C. tuition fee D. impression 7- Maryam is the one on the corner. She ___ jeans. A. is wearing B. wears C. has worn D. was wearing 8- Lan ___ the peaceful atmosphere while Maryam ___ in the pagoda. A. enjoyed / prayed B. was enjoying /prayed C. enjoyed /was praying D. enjoys / was spraying 9- English ___ widely ___ in this country nowadays. A. is / speaking B. is / spoken C. was / spoken D. is / spoke 10-In Singapore education is free and compulsory ___ children from 6 to 16. A. to B. at C. between D. for 11-___ English is their official language, most of them can speak Chinese. A. Although B. So C. Despite D. If 12-They cannot decide ___ place to visit first. A. how B. where C. which D. what 13-My grandmother ___ the most beautiful girl in the village. A. did use to being B. use to be C. used to being D. used to be 14-We are having a good time together, I wish you ___ here with us now. A. are B. will be C. were D. would be 15-S1 : Hello. You must be Maryam. S2 : ___ A. I must be B. I may be C. That’s right., I am D. You are not Maryam VIII/ - Use these jumbled sets of suggested words to write a letter : Dear Kien, 1- Thank you / much / invitation / spend / this weekend / you / family / country house.
18. 2- I love / come / unfortunately / I / be unable / accept. 3- My pen pal / live / Singapore / going / stay us / September 25th / this Sunday. 4- As it be / first visit / our country / I plan / show him round. 5- I like / take him / visit / Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum / Van Mieu. 6- We also / go / Hoan Kiem Lake / History Museum / if / have time. 7- It be possible / visit you / following weekend ? 8- I / be / you / few days / after / pen pal / go back / Singapore. 9- Please tell / following weekend / be convenient. 10-I look forward / see you / all again. Love, Dang Trung IX/ Write a paragraph of about 80-100 words with the following topic sentence. Vietnamese women should wear the Ao dai at work. Firstly, II/ ANSWERS V/ 1. Mary used to go swimming after school last year. 2. Ha Noi People made an impression on Maryam. 3. Malaysian people speak Bahasa Malaysia widely. 4. She wishes she could buy that expensive villa. 5. My daughter started to learn English 2 years ago. learning 6. She hasn't worn that dress since her sister's wedding. 7. The novel '' The Adventures of Tom Sawyer '' wasn't written by Jack London. 8. People use computers to design new models. 9. How long have you worked in that factory ? been working in or How long is it since you started working in that factory ? 10.Students needn't wear uniforms today./Ss don't have/ need to wear uniforms today. 11.Lan was given a story for her birthday by Lan's brother. 12.The news was so bad that Mai burst into tears. 13.Unless Hong study harder, she'll fail the exam.
19. 14.England is the country which I'd like to visit the most. 15.It took the flight one hour and a half to HCM City. VI/ 1.B 4. D 7. A 10. C 13. D 2.A 5. A 8. C 11. A 14. C 3.C 6.C 9.B 12. B 15. C VIII/ 1. Thank you very much for your/ the invitation to spend this week with you and your family in your country house. 2. I would love to come but unfortunately I am unable to accept ( it ). 3.My penpal, who lives/ is living in Singapore, is going to stay with us from September 25th to this Sunday. 4. As it is his first visit to our country, I plan/ am planing to show him round. 5.I would like to take him to visit Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum and Van Mieu. 6. We can/ will also go to Hoan Kiem Lake and the History Museum if we have time. 7. Is it possible to visit you the following weekend ? 8. I can be with you for a few days after my penpal go / has gone back to Singapore. 9. Please tell me if / whether the following weekend is convenient ( for you ). 10. I look/ am looking forward to seeing you again. IX/ The sample paragraph Vietnamese women should wear the ao dai at work. Firstly, the ao dai encourages Vietnamese women to feel proud of the traditions and customs of the country. Secondly, the ao dai make them more beautiful and charming. We know that the beauty of Vietnamese women in the ao dai has been mentioned a lot in poems, stories and songs for centuries. Thirdly, wearing the ao dai is very practical. When they go to work, they don't think of what to wear everyday. In conclusion, when going to work, Vietnamese women should wear ao dai. CONJUNTIONS A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to revise the conjuntions and do exercises. B/ Procedures: I/ GRAMMAR: 1. Because, Because of Đằng sau Because phải dùng 1 câu hoàn chỉnh nhưng đằng sau Because of phải dùng 1 ngữ danh từ. Because/ As / Since + Clause ( Bởi vì ) Eg: Because/ As / Since she was tired she went to bed early= She went to bed early for she was tired. Notes: Because of + V-ing Eg: We had to stay at home because it was raining. = Because of the rain , we had to stay at home. Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early Because of = on account of = due to ➢ Nhưng nên dùng due to sau động từ to be cho chuẩn. Eg: The accident was due to the heavy rain.
20. ➢ Dùng as a result of để nhấn mạnh hậu quả của hành động hoặc sự vật, sự việc. Eg: He was blinded as a result of a terrible accident. 2. Từ nối chỉ mục đích và kết quả ➢ 1/ “so that” + clause (sao cho, để ). ➢ Eg: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test. I speak slowly so that they can understand. ➢ Phải phân biệt “so that” trong cấu trúc này với so that mang nghĩa do đó (therefore). Cách phân biệt duy nhất là động từ đằng sau so that mang nghĩa do đó diễn biến bình thường so với thời của động từ ở mệnh đề đằng trước. Eg: We heard nothing from him so that ( = therefore) we wondered if he moved away. *2/ In order to / So as to + V ( Để ) * In order / So as to do sth ( Để làm gì ) Eg: I wrote a letter to my mother so as to/ in order to inform her of my new job. * In order not / So as not to do sth ( Để k làm gì ) I walked in quietly in ordrer / so as not to wake up the children up. * In order for sb to do sth ( Để cho ai làm gì ) Eg: I speak slowly in order for them to understand 3. Từ nối chỉ nguyên nhân và kết quả. ➢ Trong loại từ nối này người ta dùng cấu trúc so/such that = (quá, đến nỗi mà )và chia làm nhiều loại sử dụng. ➢ Dùng với tính từ và phó từ : Cấu trúc là so + adj/ adv + that + clause. Eg: Terry ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record. Eg: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home all day. * So + much/ little + N + that + clause many/ few + Ns Eg: I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one. Eg: He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now. ➢ Dùng với tính từ + danh từ số ít: such a that. Có thể dùng so theo cấu trúc : so + adj + a + noun that. (ít phổ biến hơn) Ex: It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. Ex: It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. ➢ Dùng với tính từ + danh từ số nhiều/không đếm được: such that. Tuyệt đối không được dùng so. Ex: They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. Ex: This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it. Notes: so + adj/ adv + that + clause = such + ( a / an ) + adj + N + that + clause. Eg: Nam is so kind that everybody likes him. = Nam is such a kind person/ man that everybody likes him. It was such cold weather that we could not go out. = The weather was so bad that we could not go out.
21. 4. Một số các từ nối mang tính điều kiện khác. ➢ 1/ Even if + negative verb: cho dù. Eg: You must go tomorrow even if you aren't ready. ➢ 2/ Whether or not + positive verb: dù có hay không. Eg: You must go tomorrow whether or not you are ready. ➢ Các đại từ nghi vấn đứng đầu câu cũng dùng làm từ nối và động từ theo sau chúng phải chia ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít. Eg: Whether he goes out tonight depends on his girldfriend. Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers confused. ➢ Một số các từ nối có quy luật riêng của chúng nếu kết hợp với nhau And moreover And in addtion And thus or otherwise And furthermore And therefore But nevertheless But anyway ➢ Nếu nối giữa hai mệnh đề, đằng trước chúng phải có dấu phẩy Eg: He was exhausted, and therefore his judgement was not very good. Nhưng nếu nối giữa hai từ đơn thì không Eg: The missing piece is small but significant. *3/ furthermore, besides, morever, what's more ( Ngoài ra ) Eg: The coat is soft. Furthermore, it is warm ( Cái áo khoác thì mềm.Ngoài ra nó còn Besides, ấm ) Morever, What's more, 4/ But ( nhưng ) , however, nevertheless( tuy nhiên ) Eg:- He is rich but mean ( Anh ta giàu có nhưng keo kiệt ) - He is from Brazil but he can't play football. - They hadn't trained hard; But, however, nevertheless they won. - He had no qualification, but he got the job. 5/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngược lại ) Eg:Mr Pike is very generous while/ whereas his wife is very mean. 6/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do đó, cho nên, vì thế ) Eg: - It started to rain, so we went home. - He came back late, therefore his father got angry. 7/ And ( và ) Eg: - I play football and tennis. - I want you to buy that house and move there. 8/ Unless + positive = if not: Trừ phi, nếu không.( thường dùng trong câu đk loại I ) Eg: You will be late unless you start at once.= If you don't start at once, you'll be late Cậu sẽ bị muộn trừ khi cậu bắt đầu ngay =(Nếu cậu không bắt đầu ngay, cậu sẽ bị muộn 9/ But for = If it weren't + for sth/ sb: Nếu không vì (điều gì ) – thường If it hadn't been dùng với câu đk loại 2,3 • Hiện tại Eg: My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here (But he is here learning) *1.It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday. = If it wasn't for the cold weather, we would ( Trời rất lạnh, nếu k vì thời tiết, chúng tôi sẽ đi nghỉ.)
22. • Quá khứ Eg: My car broken down, but for that we would have been here in time (But they were late) *2/ It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.= If hadn't been for the cold weather, we would have visited our teacher. 10/ Bỏ If * Trong câu đk loại 3 - If I had known he was ill, I' d have visited him.= Had I known he was - If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn' have got a bad cold. = Had he not gone to * Trong câu đk loại 2 với were - If she was younger = Were she younger ➢ 11/ Otherwise: Kẻo, nếu không thì. ( Có thể dùng với câu đk loại 1,2,3) Eg: We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out. ➢ Otherwise + unreal condition: Kẻo, nếu không thì nhưng sau nó phải là điều kiện không thể thực hiện được • Hiện tại Eg: Her father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she can with her father's). It is raining now, otherwise would go out • Quá khứ: Eg: I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he didn't take any longer). Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da Lat (Hôm qua tôi ốm , nếu k thì tôi đã đi Đà Lạt rồi) *Lưu ý: Trong tiếng Anh thông tục (colloquial English) người ta dùng Or (else )- (Nếu không) để thay thế cho otherwise. Eg: Put the jacket on or ( else ) / otherwise you'll catch a cold.( Mặc áo vào nếu không con sẽ bị lạnh đấy ) = If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold. ➢ 12/ Provided/Providing ( that): = If : Với điều kiện là, miễn là , nếu As / so long as On condition that Eg: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess. If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.( Nếu bạn hứa trả sớm, tớ sẽ cho bạn mượn xe.) ➢ Provided/Providing ( that): you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it As long as On condition that ( Miễn là bạn hứa tớ sẽ ) ➢ 13/ In case a. In case of sth = If there is sth : Nếu có cái gì
23. Eg: In case of fire, ring this number= If there is a fire, ring this number. ( Trong trường hợp có cháy, hãy gọi số này) b. In case : Phòng khi ( Động từ sau in case dùng thì hiện tại đơn ) Eg: I'll buy some more cakes in case there are lots of guests. ➢ 14/ Suppose/Supposing = What if : Giả sử thì sau, Nếu thì sao. Eg: Suppose the plane is late = What (will happen) if the plane is late. Lưu ý: * Suppose còn có thể được dùng để đưa ra lời gợi ý. Eg: Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him. * Lưu ý thành ngữ: What if I am: Tao thế thì đã sao nào (mang tính thách thức) ➢ 15/ IF ONLY = WISH (Thường dùng với câu đk loại 2,3) ( Giá mà ) ➢ If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi vọng rằng Eg : If only he comes in time Eg : If only he will learn harder for the test next month. We don't have a map.If only we had one (Chúng tôi k có bản đồ.Giá mà chúng tôi có 1 cái ) ➢ If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that(Câu đ/k không thực hiện được) Eg: If only he came in time now. Eg: If only she had studied harder for that test I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that ➢ If only + S + would + V • Diễn đạt một hành động không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại ( được dùng như 1 vế của câu đk ) Eg: If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job. : If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drived more slowly. • Diễn đạt một ước muốn vô vọng về tương lai: Ex: If only it would stop raining ➢ Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: ngay lập tức Tell me immediatly (=as soon as ) you have any news. Phone me the moment that you get the results. I love you the instant (that) I saw you. Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. II/ EXERCISES 1/ Rewrite the following sentences. 1. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. Unless 2. If you don't take care of those shoes, They won't last for long. Unless 3.She can't go camping because of her age. Were she 4. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. Had it 5. If there 's an emergency, ring this number. In case 6. He spend too much money on his clothes. If I 7. You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains. In case
24. 8. We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money. If we 9. You shouldn't eat too much meat ! If I 10. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well. If only 11. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. As long as 12. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather But for 13. What a shame you didn't tell me earlier. If only 14. What would you do if there was an earthquake. Supposing 15. Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother. If 16. We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class. If we 17. He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. If he 18. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing. Because of 19. They set off ( khởi hành ) early so that they could reach the village before night. They set off 20. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them. Since 21. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out. Because 22. We drove slowly so that he could follow us. We drove 23.She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye. She left the party quickly so as 24. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children. So as 25.As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight Fearing * ANSWERS: 1. Unless if you promise to try harder , I won't help you. 2. Unless you take care of those shoes, They won't last for long. 3. Were she younger, she could go camping. 4. Had it not been for the weather ,It would have been a superb weekend. 5. In case of emergency, ring this number. 6. If I were him , I wouldn't spend too much money on his clothes. 7. In case you might get lost in the mountains you should take a map with you. 8. If we don't have enough money, we won't go on holiday. 9. If I were you I wouldn't eat too much meat. 10. If only your sister could come as well. 11. As long as you keep calm, you'll pass your driving test. 12. But for the weather, It would have been a superb weekend. 13. If only hadn't told me earlier. 14. Supposing there was an earthquake. 15. If you don't pay me back money, I'll tell your mother. 16. If we don't leave now, we'll be late or the class. 17. If he had listened to our advice , he wouldn't have done that way. 18. Because the rough sea the ferry couldn't sail. 19. They set off early in order to reach the village before night. 20. Since they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
25. 21. Because it was raining, we couldn't go out. 22. We drove slowly in order for him to follow. 23. She left the party quickly so as not want to have to say good bye. 24. So as to disturb the children, we left quietly. 25. Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.
26. WEEK 8 Date of teaching :25/ 10/ 2011 CONJUNTIONS ( Con't )& Present participles ) A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to revise the conjuntions and do exercises. B/ Procedures: I/ GRAMMAR: A. Cọnunctions: 16/ Not only but also ( Không những mà còn ) * Dùng với động từ : - They not only lent me their car but also oferred me a meal. * Dùng với danh từ : Mike play Nguyễn Thị only football but also tennis. * Dùng với trạng từ: She write not only correctly but also neatly. ( rõ ràng, rành mạch ) * Dùng với cụm giới từ: The Beatles are famous not only in their country but also in other countries. * Dùng với giới từ: He's not only intelligent but also handsome. 17/ As well as ( Cũng như,đồng thời ) ) * Đi với danh từ : The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the concert. ( Thầy giáo cùng với học sinh đi nghe hoà nhạc ) - My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this afternoon. Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng trước. * Đi với V-ing: She works in a company as well as writing books for children. ( Cô ấy làm việc cho một công ty đồng thời viết sách cho trẻ em ) * Đi với tính từ: - He's intelligent as well as handsome = He's not only intelligent but also handsome. 18/ Both and * Đi với tính từ : - He's both intelligent and handsome. * Đi với danh từ: Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( Cả Nam và Hoa đều muốn đi xem hát.) 19/ Either or ( Hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia.) * Dùng danh từ làm tân ngữ: - You can take either this hat or that one. ( Cậu có thể lấy cái mũ này hặc cái mũ kia ) * Dùng với mệnh đề: Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you ( Hoặc là anh xin lỗi hoặc là tôi phải nói lời chia tay. ) * Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ - Either John or his friends have to go . Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau. 20/ Neither nor ( Không cái này và cũng không cái kia ) * Dùng với danh từ làm chủ ngữ - Neither John nor Mary is going to class today. - Neither John nor his cousins are going to Động từ chia cho danh từ đứng sau. * Dùng với động từ : - She can neither read nor write = She can't read and she can't write either. * Dùng với danh từ làm tân ngữ: - She can speak neither English nor French. 21/ Although/ though/ even though/ Much as ( Mặc dù) + clause . Eg: Although/ though/ even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work. = He tried to finish his work although/ though/ even though he was tired.
27. 22/ Despite/ In spite of ( Mặc dù ) sth / doing sth. Eg: Despite/ In spite of the bad weather, we still set off. ( Mặc dù thời tiết xấu nhưng chúng tôi vẫn khởi hành ) Despite/ In spite of being tired, he tried to finish his work. - Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night. ( Mặc dù chân đau nhưng anh ấy vẫn về nhà trước khi trời tối.) = Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he = Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he = Despite/ In spite of the fact that his leg was broken, he 2/ Phân từ hiện tại ( Present participles ) 2.1 / Form : V-ing: working, driving 2.2/ Use: * Làm trạng ngữ trong câu Eg: - Driving along the road I saw an accident= When I was driving along the road I saw an accident. - Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. = As he feared the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. (Sợ rằng cảnh sát sẽ nhận ra cho nên hắn không bao giờ đi ra ngoài vào ban ngày) * Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh hành động trước diễn ra xong rồi mới đén hành động thứ 2 ta dùng dạng '' Having done '' Eg: Having written the letter, I went to post it.= When I had written the letter, I went to post it. ( Khi đã viết xong thư tôi mang đi gửi ) * Được sử dụng trong mẫu câu. • Have sb/sth + doing = cause: làm cho. Eg: He had us laughing all through the meal. • S + won't have sb + doing = S + won't allow sb to do sth: không cho phép ai làm gì Eg: I won't have him telling me what to do. • Các cụm hiện tại phân từ: adding, pointing out, reminding, warning, reasoning that đều có thể mở đầu cho một mệnh đề phụ gián tiếp. Eg1: He told me to start early, reminding me that the road would be crowded. Eg2: Reasoning that he could only get to the lake, we followed that way. • To catch/ see / watch sb doing sth: bắt gặp/ nhìn thấy / quan sát ai đang làm gì (hành động của tân ngữ làm phật lòng chủ ngữ). Eg: If she catches you reading her diary,she will be furious. We caught a child clinbing over the wall. I saw an old man coming into that house. • To find sb/sth doing sth: Phát hiện thấy ai đang làm gì / cái gì đang Eg: I found him standing at the doorway Eg: He found a tree lying across the road.
28. • To leave sb doing sth: Để cho ai làm gì Ex: I left Bob talking to the director after the introduction. • Go/come doing sth (dùng cho thể thao và mua sắm) Eg: Go skiing/ go swimming/ go shopping/ come dancing/ go hunting/ go fishing Do you want to go dancing this afternoon ? • To spend time doing sth: Dùng thời gian làm gì Eg: He usually spends much time preparing his lessons. My father spent 2 years working in Hue. • To waste time doing: hao phí thời gian làm gì Eg: She wasted all the afternoon having small talks with her friends. Don't waste time playing video games. • To have a hard time/trouble doing sth: Gặp khó khăn khi làm gì Ex: He has trouble listening English. • To be worth doing sth: đáng để làm gì Ex: This project is worth spending time and money on. • To be busy doing something: bận/ mải mê làm gì Eg; She is busy packing now. • To feel sth/ sb doing ( Cảm thấy cái gì đang diễn ra / ai đang làm gì ) • To keep sb doing sth ( Bắt, giữ ai làm gì ) Eg: Don't keep her waiting ! • Be no/ not much/ any/ some good doing sth: Không có ích, ít khi có ích (làm gì) Ex: It's no good my talking to him: Nói chuyện với anh ta tôi chả thấy có ích gì. Ex: What good is it asking her: Hỏi cô ta thì có ích gì cơ chứ II/ EXERCISES: A/ Rewrite the following sentences. 1. Alcohol is bad for you and so are cigarrettes. Neither 2. He refused to take medicine. He hit the nurse as well. He not only 3. Manh can't understand English or French. Manh understand 4. She spent all her money. She even borrowed some from me. She not only 5. He can speak English. He can also speak Russian. He can speak not 6. Although he had a good salary he was unhappy in his job. In spite of 7. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine. Although the rain was 8. Although the team played well, they lost. In spite of 9. In spite of all our warnings, he left the camp without taking his rifle. Although we had 10. I am fond of my nephew although he behaves terribly. Despite 11. In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs 7 miles before breakfast everyday. Although 12. Although she wasn't experienced, she got the job. In spite of 13. The flat 's so noisy but we enjoy living there. Even though 14. Although Christopher was stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
29. Despite his 15. While I strongly disapprove of your behaviour, I will help you this time. Despite my 16. Despite knowing the area well, I got lost. I got lost 17. Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did. In spite of 18. Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports. Despite her 19. When I was running to the stadium, I met Lan. Running 20. After we left the party, we went straight to the theatre. After 21. They decided to go home because they had seen that film before. Having 22. She left the restaurant. She didn't pay the bill. She left the restaurant without 23. Before he lent me the money, my brother had sold his bike. Before 24. My mother went to bed early because she felt tired. Feeling 25.I'm sorry now that I didn't go to the university. I regret B/- Use these jumbled sets of suggested words to write a letter : 1- I / just arrive back / Vietnam. 2- It / be / lovely / see / family again / but / miss you / friends / New York. 3- I / have / a wonderful time / you / apartment. 4- It / be / very kind / you / show me so much / the city. 5- I / love / go up / Emprire State Building / Central Park / Statue of Liberty. 6- My brother, Miguel, / be going to / New York / month. 7- He / come / see you ? 8- I / hope / one day / you visit me / Vietnam. 9- I / love / show you / Tan Son Nhat Airport. 10- I / look forward / receive / letter / and / see / again. C/ Multiple choice 1. The stamp collection made him famous in the country. A.be B.to be C.been D.being 2. It rains heavily, I can’t go to the movie with you. A.and B.but C.because D.so
30. 3. This year the only award for the student belongs to him. A.good B.well C.better D.best 4. We have many well teachers here. A.qualify B.quality C.qualified D.qualification 5. If you study at the Brighton Language Center, you can live in on campus. A.dormitory B.mobile room C.hotel D.private room 6. I can complete a English test if you want. A.speak B.spoke C.spoken D.speaking 7. He told me he leave the city the following day. A.will have to B.would have to C.has to D.had to 8. Don’t talk in class, ? The teacher is explaining the lesson. A.do you B.don’t you C.will you D.won’t you 9. I remember her somewhere. A.see B.seeing C.saw D.to see 10. He is tired he stayed up late watching TV. A.so B.because C.but D.and 11. If you like that book, I’ll give it you as my present. A.for B.from C.at D.to 12. If you have money, you can travel abroad this summer. A.a lot of B. lot of C. many D.a lots 13. We think that Mother’s Day should be celebrated A.nationhood B.nation wide C.nationality D.nation 14. Can you tell me the reasons for the Mother’s Day? A.celebrating B.celebration C.celebrate D.celebrated 15. There used to be a military in Red Square on 1st May. A.parade B.festival C.party D.celebration 16. Passover is celebrated in Israel and by all people. A.English B.Vietnamese C.Japanese D.Jewish 17. The people live in Greece speak Greek. A.which B.who C.whom D.where 18. Don’t touch that wire! You’ll get an electric A.surprise B.current C.charge D.shock 19. What about ? Will I be able to find a house? A.accommodation B.qualification C.identification D.construction 20. A patient is someone A.who waits a long time B.who is very patient C.under a doctor’s care D.about to leave the house 21. You should take more exercise if you want to keep A.fit B.fat C.fine D.fresh 22. Mr Brown in the army from 1960 to1980. A.had served B.has served C.served D.is serving 23. Ther is a shop for tourists at the airport. A.memory B.saloon C.souvenirs D.studio 24. This time next week they to France. A.will be flying B.will fly C.are flying D.have flown 25. You had seak with chips and salad, ? A.hadnot you B.did you C.had you D.didn’t you
31. * ANSWERS: A/ 1. Neither alcohol nor cigarrettes are bad for you. 2. He not only refuesd to take medicine but also hit the nurse as well. 3. Manh can speak neither English nor French. 4. She not only spent all her money but also borrowed some from me. 5. She can speak not only English but also Russian. 6. In spite of his ( having a ) good salary he was unhappy in his job. 7. Although the rain was forecast, it satyed fine. 8. In spite of their good game/ the fact that they played well, the team lost. 9. Although we had warned him, he left the camp without taking his rifle. 10. Despite his terrible behaviour, I am fond of my nephew. 11. Although Mr Benson is old, he runs 7 miles before breakfast everyday. 12. In spite of not having experienced, she got the job. 13.Even though the flat 's noisy, we enjoy living there. 14. Despite his ( superior ) strength Christopher was soon overpowered by his attacked. 15.Despite my ( strong ) disapproval of your behaviour, I will help you this time. 16. I got lost though I know well the area. 17. In spite of my warnings, they climbed that tree. 18. Despite her severe disability, Judy participated in many sports. 19. Running to the stadium, I met Lan. 20.After leaving the party, we went straight to the theatre. 21. Having seen that film before, they decided to go home. 22. She left the restaurant without paying the bill. 23. Before lending me the money, my brother had sold his bike. 24. Feeling tired,my mother went to bed early. 25. I regret not going to the university. B/ 1. I have just arrived back to Vietnam. 2. It is lovely to see my family again but I will miss you and our friends in NewYork. 3. I had a wonderful time with you at the apartment. 4. It is very kind of you to show me so much about the city. 5. I love going up Emprire State Building , the Central Park and Statue of Liberty. 6. My brother, Miguel is going to visit New York next month. 7. Could he come to see you ? 8. I hope one day you 'll visit me in Vietnam. 9. I'd love to show you about Tan Son Nhat Airport. 10. I look forward to receiving your letter and seeing you again. C/ 1.C 6.D 11. D 16. D 21. A 2.D 7. B 12. A 17. B 22. A 3.D 8. C 13. B 18. D 23. C 4.C 9. B 14.A 19. A 24. A 5. A 10.B 15. A 20. A 25. D Would rather – prefer- have sth done- as if A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know how to use '' would rather- prefer-have sth done – as if- It's time- used to – had better – suggest '' and do exercises.
32. B/ Procedures: I/ GRAMMAR: 1/ Had better. * Had better do sth/ not do sth. Eg: - You'd better go there alone. - We's better not smoke. 2/ Used to do sth – Be/ get used to doing sth. * Used to do sth : ( Đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ ) Eg: I used to play chess when I was at school. * Be/ Get used to doing sth ( Quen với việc làm gì ) Eg: I get/ am used to getting up early now. 3. Prefer. * Prefer to do/ doing sth : ( Thích cái gì - chỉ sở thích nói chung ) Eg: I prefer to live/ living in the country. * Prefer sth to sth: ( thích cái gì hơn cái gì ) Eg: She prefers tea to coffee. * Prefer doing sth to doing sth: ( Thích làm việc gì hơn việc gì ) - I prefer playing the guitar to going swimming. - Lan prefers playing football to tennis. * Would prefer to do sth: ( Muốn làm gì ) - I'd prefer to stay at home. * Would prefer sb to do sth/ not to do sth: ( muốn ai đó làm/ không làm gì ) - I'd prefer you to finish your work by 5 o'clock. 4/ Would rather. * Would rather do sth than sth:( Thích làm gì hơn làm gì ) - I'd rather reads books than watch TV. - We'd rather play the piano than the guitar. * Would rather do sth/ not do sth: ( Muốn / không muốn làm gì ) - We'd rather stay at home. - George would rather not go out. * Would rather sb did sth/ didn't do sth: ( Muốn ai / không muốn ai làm gì )( Trái với thực tế ở hiện tại ) - I'd rather you stopped smoking now. - I'd rather you didn't smoke. * Would rather sb had done sth/ hadn't done sth: ( Trái với thực tế ở quá khứ ) - I'd rather you had come here yesterday.( Tôi muốn hôm qua cậu tới đây ) =You didn't come here yesterday ( Thực tế là cậu đã không tới ) - I'd rather she hadn't said that ( Tôi muốn là cô ta không nói điều đó ) = She said that ( Thực tế là cô ta đã nói ) 5/ It's time. * It's time to do sth: ( Đã đến giờ làm gì ) - It's time to go home now. * It's time for sb to do sth: ( Đã đến giờ ai làm gì ) - It's time for us to go home now. * It's ( about/ high/ time ) sb did sth: ( Đã đến lúc ai phải làm gì ) - It's 10 o'clock now. It's time he got up
33. - You are lazy. It's about time you worked hard. 6/ As if / as though. * As if / as though với nghĩa có vẻ như. - She looks as if she is tired.( Cô ta trông có vẻ mệt ) – Perhaps she is tired. - It looks as if it's going to rain.( Có vẻ như trời sắp mưa ) * As if / as though với nghĩa như thể là:( Chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại or tương lai ) - ( Mr John talks as if he was/ were rich. ( Ông John nói chuyện cứ như là ông ta giàu có lắm) ( He's not rich – Thực tế ông ta không giàu ) - She talks as if she knew everything. ( she knows nothing- Thực tế cô ta không biết gì) - Mrs Young feels as if she was sitting on the fire. ( Bà Young cảm thấy như đang ngồi trên lửa) - He looked as though he had seen a ghost.( Nom ông ta cứ như đã nhìn thấy ma ) 7/ Have/ Get sth done ( Nhờ ai làm công việc gì ) - The garage repaired the car for us yesterday.= we had/ got the car repaired ( by the garage ) yesterday. - They are going to deliver the milk to me. = I'm going to have/ get the milk delivered. 8/ Become/ feel/ get/ keep/ taste/ seem/ sound/ smell/ look + ADJ eg: - He became angry when he heard the news. - We feel tired now. - Keep calm ! - This cake tastes good. - They seemed bored with what I was talking. * Make / Find sb/ sth + adj - That film made us tired. - I find this book interesting. ( Tôi thấy cuốn sách này hay ) * S + find + it + adj + to do sth - My father found it easy to repair the bike.( Bố tôi thấy dễ khi sửa xe đạp ) 9/ Suggest ( Gợi ý ) * Suggest doing sth ( Gợi ý làm gì ) - My brother suggested painting the house green. * Suggest ( that ) sb ( should ) do sth ( Gợi ý rằng ai đó nên làm gì ) - They suggested that I should apply for that job. ( Họ gợi ý răng tôi nên nộp đơn xin việc ) - I suggest to my cousin that he should marry that woman. ( Tôi gợi ý cho anh họ của mình nên cưới cô đó ) Notes: - I suggest that you apologise to her. ( Không dùng ''should'' trong lời gợi ý trực tiếp ) ( Tôi gợi ý là cậu nên xin lỗi cô ấy ) II/ EXERCISES: A/ Rewrite the following sentences. 1. We'd prefer you not to smoke. We'd rather 2. He would prefer you to pay him immediately. He'd rather 3. No, please don't tell her. I'd rather 4. Would you mind not smoking here. I'd rather 5. I prefer stayting at home to going out. I'd rather 6. I don't really want to have lunch yet. I'd rather 7. I'd prefer you to deviler the sofa on Friday. I would rather 8. She prefers Italian food to French food. She'd
34. 9. I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home. I prefer 10. I'd rather not see him tomorrow. I don't 11. Please don't go there. I'd 12. He prefers golf to tennis. He'd rather 13. I'd rather you started work next week. I'd prefer 14. I don't feel like spreading another day at the beach. I'd rather 15. I'd rather you didn't phone me at work. I'd prefer 16. She doesn't usually stay up so late. She's not used 17. It's not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon. I'm 18.The house seemed to have been unoccupied( k bị chiếm giữ) for several years. It looked as if 19. The children should start doing their homework now. It is time 20. Fares will be likely to go up again this summer. It looks as if 21. I think the City Council should do something about the city's traffic problems. It high time 22. We'd better buy a new cooker. It's 23. I had better get back to work. It's 24. I think it may rain. It looks 25. It's extremely difficult for us to make ends meet these days. We find 26. It is increasingly difficult for me to read without my sunglasses. I am finding 27. I wasn't interested in the film, so I turned TV off. I didn't find 28. I'm always nervous when I travel by air. Travelling 29. The doctor advised me to rest. The doctor suggested 30. '' Why don't you put a better lock on the door, Bang ?'' said John. John suggested 31. If you don't want Sally to be angry with you, I suggest you apologize. You'd 32. '' Let's invite the Brown to the party on Sunday.'' he said. He suggested B/ Dear Betty, Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. 1- I / afraid / not be able / come 2- We / have / things / do / this week 4- If I / be there / all of us / have / good time 5- I / hope / your party / a success Yours, Thu Huong * ANSWERS: A/ 1. We'd rather you didn't smoke. 2. He'd rather you paid him immediately. 3. I'd rather you didn't tell her. 4. I'd rather you didn't smoke here. 5. I'd rather stay at home than go out. 6. I'd rather not have lunch. 7. I would rather you delivered the sofa on Friday.
35. 8. She'd rather eat Italian food than French food. 9. I prefer going out for a meal to staying at home. 10. I don't see him tomorrow. 11. I'd rather not go there. 12. He'd rather play golf than tennis. 13. I prefer you to start work next week. 14. I'd rather not like spreading another day at the beach. 15. I'd prefer you not to phone me at work. 16. She's not used to staying up so late. 17. I'm not used to sleeping in the afternoon. 18. It looked as if it hadn't been occupied for several years. 19. It is time for children to start doing their homework now. 20. It looks as if fares will be likely to go up again this summer. 21. It high time the City Council did something about the city's traffic problems. 22. It's time for us to buy a new cooker. 23. It's time for me to get back to work. 24. It looks as if it is going to rain./ may rain. 25. We find it difficult to make ends meet these days. 26. I am finding it difficult to read without my sunglasses. 27. I didn't find the film interesting. 28. Traveling by air made me nervous. 29. The doctor suggested ( that ) I should rest. 30. John suggested Bang ( that ) you put a better lock on the door. 31. You'd apologize, If you don't want Sally to be angry with you. 32. He suggested inviting the Brown to the party on Sunday. B/ 1.I am afraid not to be able to come. 2. We are having some things to do this week. 3. I wish I could go to the party. 4. If I were there, all of us would have a good time. 5. I hope your party to be a success. REVISION and Test I- Fill in the blank space with the correct from of the words in parentheses : 1- Getting to the village is a very journey. (interest) 2- We really had an day on the beach. (enjoy) 3- Since her , the room has been full of laughter. (arrive) 4- He is now studying in the USA as an student. (change) 5- We could see some strange on her face. (express) II- Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one : 1- Uncle Lam has raised a lot of chickens and ducks on the farm. A lot of chickens 2- My mother was very tired but she did not go to bed. Though
36. 3- Mr Brown repaired my washing machine. I had 4- This worker often went to his office very late when he was young. This worker used 5- I washed all these clothes in an hour. It took III- Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence : “ in , at , on , to , for , by , of , with , from , between , till , since" 1- We will go a picnic next week. 2- My village is about 100 kilometers the south of HCH City. 3- We often go for a walk the weekends. 4- She took many pictures to show the trip her parents. 5- I will stay there till the beginning May. 6- There is a meeting 9 am and 2 pm. 7- He was born 15th January. 8- She often plays the piano night. 9- We will live in Hanoi from September December. 10- She has been here yesterday. IV Make a cross on the correct answer A, B, C or D in the following sentences : 1- ___ does it take to get there ? A. How B. How long C. How often D. How soon 2- I haven’t heard any news of Peter ___ 1999 . A. in B. since C. on D. before 3- Not many people think that country life is ___. A. bore B. boring C. bored D. boringly 4- After two hours travelling by bus, they ___ a quiet town by the beach. A. arrived B. got C. went D. reached 5- Will you join us on a ___ trip to Vung Tau ? A. two days B. two-days C. two-day D. day-two 6- The Parkers have just gone out ___ hamburgers. A. to B. for C. with D. since 7- ___ is he going to the farm ? A. What B. Where C. Why D. Who 8- Exchange students in the USA ___ their parents nearly every Sunday. A. phone B. phones C. are going to phoneD. phoned 9- He is the best fashion ___ I have known. A. design B. designers C. designer D. designing 10-After school she works ___ in a supermarket in the afternoon. A. full-time B. time-full C. part-time D. time-part
37. 11-When he was your age, he ___walk 5 kilometres to school every morning. A. use to B. used to C. be used to D. used 12-He can help his parents to ___ eggs. A. feed B. lay C. collect D. exchange 13-He’ll show the photos he has taken ___ his parents. A. for B. with C. from D. to 14-___ is it from the city centre ? A. How far B. How long C. Where D. How often 15-We’ll play tennis and ___ we’ll have lunch. A. so B. so that C. then D. after * ANSWERS: A/ REVISION I/ 1. intersting 2. enjoyable 3. arrival 4. exchange 5.expression II/ 1. A lot of chickens and ducks have been raised on the farm by Uncle Lam. 2. Though my mother was very tired, she did not go to bed. 3. I had Mr Brown repair my washing machine 4. This worker used to go to his office very late when he was young. 5. It took me an hour to wash all these clothes. III/ 1. for 6. between 2. to 7. on 3. at/ on 8. at 4. to 9. till 5. of 10. since IV/ 1. B 4. D 7.C 10. C 13. D 2. B 5. B 8. A 11. B 14. A 3. B 6. C 9. C 12. C 15. C B/ TEST ( 60 minutues ) VII/ Fill each of the numbered blank spaces with the most suitable preposition. 1. Since graduating . school she has got very interested environmental issues. 2. I’m going to discuss it them tomorrow. 3. Don’t laugh her or she’ll get angry. 4. It’s hard me to get used . foreign food. 5. Foreigners who visit my country are always impressed how polite and friendly everyone is.
38. 6. I dreamed prehistoric monsters last night. 7. Everyone praised him doing so well on the exam. 8. The river divides the city two parts. VIII/ : Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it. 1. The cake is so hard that I can’t eat it. It is 2. Because of the bad weather, we had to stay at home. Because the 3. “You’ve passed your driving test, Ron! Well done !” said Carol. Carol congratulated . 4. He felt ill to get up. He did not 5. I was sitting next to a boy in the exam. He told me the answers. The boy I . 6. The days get colder and colder. Each day 7. I thought that learning to drive would be difficult, but it isn’t. Learning to drive is . 8. If I take the job I’ll have to move to London. Taking the job will 9. They say the doctor has made a serious mistake. The doctor . 10.I prefer tennis to football. I ‘d rather . I/ TEST CORRECTION Đáp án và biểu điểm: Tổng điểm 100 điểm I/ ( 10ps) 2ps/ 1 word ) 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.c II/ ( 10ps) 2ps/ 1 word ) 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D III/ (10ps) 1p/ 1 word ) 1. have been killed / would die 2. ringing / asking / to do 3.have been playing / haven’t played 4. died / has taken / smoking 4.IV / ( 10ps) 1p/ 1 word ) 1. ideal 2. endless 3. responsibility (ies) 4. Suitable 5. Adventurous 6. pleasant 7. economical 8. expensive 9. traditional 10. popularity 5.V/ ( 10ps) 1p/ 1 word/ sentence ) a. 1- to gather 2- reminds
39. 3- traffic-jams 4- singing 1- taking b. 1- Here she comes Here comes (without she) 2- She isn’t thought she is She isn’t thought to be 3- when did he left ? when he left ? (without did ) 4- We bought a new We bought new (without a) 5- We saw several kinds birds We saw several kinds of birds 6. VI/ ( 20 ps) 2ps/ 1 word ) 1. forms 6. through 2. pictures 7. addition 3. world 8. brings 4. watch 9. which 5. make 10. interesting 7. VII / ( 10ps) 1p/ 1 word ) 1. from / in 5. by 2. with 6. about ( of ) 3. at 7. for 4. for / to 8. into VIII / ( 20ps) 2ps/ 1 sentence) 1. It is such a hard cake that I can’t eat it. 2. Because the weather was bad, we had to stay at home. 3. Carol congratulated Role on passing his driving test. 4. He did not feel well enough to get up. 5. The boy I was sitting next to in the exam told me the answers. 6. Each day it gets colder. 7. Learning to drive is not as difficult as I thought it would be. 8.Taking the job will mean moving to London. 9.The doctor is said to have made a serious mistake. 10. I’d rather play tennis than football. The condiTIonal sentences (Câu điều kiện) Câu điều kiện thường có 2 mệnh đề: Mệnh đề chính chỉ kết quả ( main clause ) và mệnh đề điều kiện ( if clause ). Mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước/ sau mệnh đề If. 1/ Câu đk loại 1: là loại câu chỉ khả năng sự việc, hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại / tương lai. If clause Main clause Simple present S+V( present simple/ simple future/ imperative ( mệnh lệnh ) Eg: - If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. - You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard. * Notes: - Có thể dùng may, might, should, can ở mệnh đề chính tuỳ theo tình huống.
40. Eg: If you feel tired, you should go to bed early. - Có thể dùng dạng thức mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính. Eg: Please tell him to come to my office if you see him. ( Hãy bảo anh ta đến văn phòng của tôi nếu cậu gặp anh ta.) - Có thể dùng động từ thời hiện tại hoàn thành ở mệnh đề If Eg: If you have written your letter, I'll post it for you or If you are working now, I'll come back later. - If có thể thay bằng When Eg: When the school finishes, I'll visit my grandparents. 2/ Câu đk loại 2: ( ĐK giả sử )- chỉ tình huống không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại/ tương lai ( or người đó cho rằng việc đó không hoặc khó xảy ra ) If clause Main clause Past Simple S+ would/ should/ might/ could + V ( Riêng Be = Were ở tất cả các ngôi ) Eg: If I had enough money now, I would buy this house .( in fact, I don't have money) - Mrs Hoa is old, so she can't apply for the job. If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/ could apply for the job. - It is raining. I have to at home = If it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home. * Để diễn tả lời khuyên ta dùng: If I were you. Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do such a thing. 3/ Câu đk loại 3: Là loại câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ. Mẫu câu : If clause Main clause Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would / might/could/ shold have done Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday. I had to stay at home. If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would have gone out. (Nếu hôm qua trời đẹp, có lẽ tôi đã đi chơi rồi) - If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home. (Nếu thời tiết không xấu, tôi đã không ở nhà.) 4) Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp ( 2 + 3) Là câu chỉ tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại và quá khứ. Mẫu câu : Mệnh đề if Mệnh đề chính Quá khứ hoàn thành (had done) would/might/could/ should + V would/might/could/ should be + V-ing Eg :- I ate too much this morning. Now I feel uncomfortable. - Sáng nay tôi ăn quá nhiều. Bây giờ tôi cảm thấy khó chịu. - If I hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now. - Nếu sáng nay tôi không ăn nhiều thì bây giờ tôi đã không cảm thấy khó chịu. - I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday. - If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now.
41. *Một số cách dùng thêm của if 8. If then: Nếu thì If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her. 9. If dùng trong dạng câu không phải câu điều kiện: Động từ ở các mệnh đề diễn biến bình thường theo thời gian của chính nó. If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice. If you did not do much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand. If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello. 10.If should = If happen to = If should happen to diễn đạt sự không chắc chắn (Xem thêm phần sử dụng should trong một số trường hợp cụ thể) Ex: If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs. (Ngộ nhỡ mà anh có tình cờ ghé qua chợ có lẽ mua cho em ít trứng) 11.If was/were to ➢ Diễn đạt điều kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ở tương lai. If the boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble. What would we do if I was/were to lose my job. ➢ Hoặc có thể diễn đạt một ý lịch sự khi đưa ra đề nghị If you were to to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down. (Nếu anh vui lòng dịch ghế của anh ra một chút thì chúng ta có thể cùng ngồi được) ❖ Note: Cấu trúc này tuyệt đối không được dùng với các động từ tĩnh hoặc chỉ trạng thái tư duy Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you. Incorrect: If I was/were to know 12.If it + to be + not + for: Nếu không vì, nếu không nhờ vào. ➢ Thời hiện tại: Ex: If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about. (Nếu không vì những đứa con thì vợ chồng nhà ấy chả có chuyện gì mà nói) ➢ Thời quá khứ: Ex: If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what we would have done. (Nếu không nhờ vào sự giúp đỡ của anh thì tôi cũng không biết là chúng tôi sẽ làm gì đây) 13.Not đôi khi được thêm vào những động từ sau if để bày tỏ sự nghi ngờ, không chắc chắn. Ex: I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary. 14.It would if + subject + would (sẽ là nếu – không được dùng trong văn viết) Ex: It would be better if they would tell every body in advance. (Sẽ là tốt hơn nếu họ kể cho mọi người từ trước) Ex: How would we feel if this would happen to our family. (Ta sẽ cảm thấy thế nào nếu điều này xảy ra đối với gia đình chúng ta.) 15.If ‘d have ‘have: Dùng trong văn nói, không dùng trong văn viết, diễn đạt điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ Ex: If I’d have known, I’d have told you. Ex: If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny.
42. 16.If + preposition + noun/verb (subject + be bị lược bỏ) Ex: If in doubt, ask for help (=If you are in doubt) Ex: If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep (= If you are about to go on ) 17.If dùng khá phổ biến với một số từ như any/anything/ever/not diễn đạt phủ định There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers. (=There is little evidence if ther is any at all, for flying saucers) (Có rất ít bằng chứng về đĩa bay, nếu quả là có một chút) I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. (Tôi không giận dữ gì đâu. Mà trái lại tôi cảm thấy hơi ngạc nhiên) ➢ Thành ngữ này còn diễn đạt ý kiến ướm thử: Nếu có I’d say he was more like a father, if anything (Tôi xin nói rằng ông ấy còn hơn cả một người cha, nếu có thể nói thế.) He seldom if ever travel abroad. (Anh ta chả mấy khi đi ra nước ngoài) Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word (Thông thường, nhưng không phải là luôn luôn ) 18.If + Adjective = although (cho dù là) ➢ Nghĩa không mạnh bằng although - Dùng để diễn đạt quan điểm riêng hoặc vấn đề gì đó không quan trọng. His style, if simple, is pleasant to read. (Văn phong của ông ta, cho dù là đơn giản, thì đọc cũng thú) The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy (Lợi nhuận, cho dù là có thấp hơn năm qua một chút, thì vẫn là rất lớn.) *Cấu trúc này có thể thay bằng may , but His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read. III/ EXERCISES 1/Exercise1 : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring. 2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him. 3/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in. 4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time. 5/ Tell him to take his bike inside. If he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it. 6/ Wait until I (be) ___ ready. 7/ The meeting (start) ___ when everybody arrives. 8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) ___ too late. 9/ If he (not know) ___ what to do he'll ask his mum. 2/Exercise2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job. 2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ? 3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you. 4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree. 5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her, she (sell) it. 6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of working all night.
43. 7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again. If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new battery. 8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) ___ nearer. 9/ If I knew you were right, I (agree) ___ with you. 10/ I (buy ) ___ shares in that company if they were cheaper 3/ Exercise3 : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost. If I (have) a map I (be) all right. 2/ The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realise) how awful it was going to be I (not accept ) it. 3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog. He (enjoy) the walk. 4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but it (not rain) it (be) a great success. 5/ I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him immediately. 6/ - Why didn't you phone me from the village ? - Because there was no phone in the village. If there (be), of course we (phone) from there. 7/ We had to stand almost all the way. It was all Tom's fault. If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we (have) quite a comfortable journey. 4/ Exercise4 : Rewrite the following sentences 1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week. If I 2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning. If Lan 3/ I'm sick now because I went to the stadium yesterday afternoon. If I 4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's why he is unemployed now. If he * ANSWERS: Ex1: 1. am looking – find – will 4. work- will finish 7. will start give 2. is – will go 5. leaves- steals 8. is 3. come – won't let 6. am 9. doesn't know Ex 2: 1. won- would give 5. gave – would sell 9. would agree 2. were – would you visit 6. worked – would finish 10. would buy 3. wouldn't drink – were 7. were – would get 4. could get - had 8. lived Ex 3: 1. had had – would have been 5. hadn't wore – I would have recognized 2. had realise – wouldn't have accepted 6. had been – would have phoned 3. had known – would have brought 7. had booked – would have had 4. hadn't rained – would have been Ex 4: 1. If I hadn't lost my passport last week, I would be having a lot of trouble now. 2. If she hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel tired now. 3. If I hadn't gone to the stadium yesterday afternoon,I wouldn't be sick now.
44. 4. If he had learnt hard at school, he wouldn't be unemployed now. IV/ HOMEWORK: - Learn by heart the grammar - Prepare '' The Reported Speech/ Questions ' The Reported speech/ questions A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about the conditional sentences and do exersices. B/ Procedures: I/ GRAMMAR: 1.Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp ➢ Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất đến thẳng người thứ hai. Ex: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" ➢ Trong câu gián tiếp thông tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến với người thứ ba. Khi đó câu có biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp. Ex: He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. ➢ Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: ❖ Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất. ❖ Lùi động từ ở vế thứ 2 xuống một cấp so với vế ban đầu. ❖ Biến đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định. Bảng đổi động từ Direct speech Indirect speech - Simple present - sees - Simple past - saw - Present progressive - is seeing - Past progressive - was seeing - Present / Past perfect/ - saw/ has - Past perfect saw/had seen Past Simple seen - Simple Future - will see - Would + V - would see - Can/May - can see - Could/ Might - could see - must/ have to - had to - should(n't)/ ought to/ - should(n't)/ ought to/ musn't musn't - Will/Shall/ Won't - Would/ Should/ Wouldn't Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian - Today/ tonight - That day/ night - Yesterday - The day before/ the previous day - The day before yesterday - Two days before - Tomorrow - The next/ the following day/ the day after - The day after tomorrow - In two days' time - Next day/ week - The following day/ week
45. - Last week/ month - The previous week/ month / the week/ month - Ago – Before/ earlier - Now - then, at once - This, these - That, those - Here, Overhere - There, Overthere - in 5 days - in 5 days time * Đổi ngôi: ( Change person) 1/ The first person ( Ngôi thứ nhất ) : I, We: được đổi theo ngôi của chủ ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật. Eg: John said, '' I can fix the faucet.''  John said ( that) he could fix the faucet. 2/ The second persons: ( Ngôi thứ 2 ) You : thông thường được đổi thành ngôi thứ 3 : He, him. She, her. They, them Eg: He said, '' You should do a lot of exercises.''  He said (that) he/ they should do a lot of exercises. * Nếu động từ tường thuật có tân ngữ : ngôi thứ 2 được đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ. Eg1: He said to me, '' You do the test very well.''  He told me (that) I did the test very well. Eg2: Tom said to Mary, ''It's very kind of you''  Tom told Mary (that) it was very kind of her. 3/ The third person ( ngôi thứ 3 ): He, She, It, They không đổi. Eg: He said: '' She's a nice person''  He said that she was a nice person. II/ EXERCISES: 1/ Exercise 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang gián tiếp 1. "It's raining," she said. 2. He said to her, "I love you." 3. "I saw Maria in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos. 4. "We've lived here for three years," he said. 5. "I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca. 6. "Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda. * Reported Speech for Questions + "Are you happy, Carla?" asked Bob. Bob asked Carla if/whether she was/were happy. + "Where's your director ?", asked the customer. The customer asked me where my director was. 2/Exercise2: Convert the questions below into reported speech. 1. "Can they play the piano?" she asked. 2. "Has Sarah ever been to Siena?" he asked. 3."Are they French or Canadian?," asked Charlie. 4."Where do bears live?" asked George. 5."Who wants some more yoghurt ice cream?" asked Mum. 6."Are we going out tonight?" asked Bob. * Reported Speech for Orders
46. "Don't turn on the light," she said to him. She told him not to turn on the light. 3 Exercise3 : Convert the orders below into reported speech. 1. "Shut up, everybody!" said the teacher. 2. "Open the window, Robert," said Jane. 3. "Phone your granny," she told him. 4. "Don't be late," she warned him. 5. "Don't talk to strangers, Michael," said his mother. 6. "Don't listen to a word he says," she told me. * Reporting Verbs 4 Exercise 4 : Fill the gaps using the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only. advise hope promise suggest beg insist remind threaten deny invite refuse warn 1."I didn't do it," she said. She ___ doing it. 2."Have lunch with me," she said. She ___ me to have lunch with her. 3."Why don't you buy one?" said Tom. Tom ___ I buy one. 4."I promise I'll take you to Prague," said Mary. Mary ___ to take me to Prague. 5."I hope Andy phones tonight," said Clare. Clare ___ Andy would phone that night. 6."Please, please don't tell anyone!" he said. He ___ me not to tell anyone. 7."I won't do it," he said. He ___ to do it. 8."You should have lessons," she said. She ___ me to have lessons. 9."We really must go with you," they said. They ___ on going with me. 10."Don't forget to phone Granny," said Mum. Mum ___ me to phone Granny. 11."If you wear my T-shirt again, I'll pinch you very hard," said Maggy. Maggie ___ to pinch me very hard if I wore her T-shirt again. 12."Don't fly kites near electric overhead cables," said my father. My father ___ me not to fly kites near electric overhead cables. III/ ANSWERS: EX1: 1. She said that It raining. 2. He told her that he loved her. 3. Carlos said that he had seen Maria in the supermarket the day before.
47. 4. He said that we had lived here for three years. 5. Francesca said she would bring a pasta salad. 6. Pierre said Jenney culdn't speak French. Ex2: 1. she asked me if they could play the piano. 2. He asked me if Sarah had been to Siena. 3. Charlie asked me if they were French or Canadian. 4. George asked me where bears lived. 5. Mum asked us who wanted some more yoghurt ice cream. 6. Bob asked us we were going out tonight. EX3: 1. The teacher asked everbody to shut up. 2. Jane asked Robert to open the window. 3. She told him to phone his granny. 4. She warn him not to be late. 5. His mother told Michael not to talk to strangers. 6. She told me not listen to a word he says. EX 4: 1. denied 4. promised 7. refused 10. reminded 2. invited 5. hoped 8. advised 11. threatened 3. suggested that 6. begged 9. insisted 12. warned IV/ HOMEWORK: - Learn by heart the grammar - Do these exercises again in your ex- book '' - Prepare '' Relative clause '' for the next period. WEEK 14 Date of preparing:30 / 11/ 2010 Date of teaching : 7 / 12/ 2010 Relative clauses A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to know more about the tag questions and do exersices. B/ Procedures: I/ GRAMMAR: I/ RELATIVE PRONOUN Chức năng Chỉ người Chỉ vật Chủ ngữ Who Which Tân ngữ Whom Which Sở hữu Whose Of which 1. Which ( Cái mà, điều mà ) * Đại từ quan hệ which thay thế cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg1. The pencil is mine.The pencil is on the desk. S (vật) -> which is on the desk => The pencil which is on the desk is mine. - Which đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ Eg2/ The dress is beautiful. She is wearing that dress.
48. O (vật) -> which she is wearing => The dress which she is wearing is beautiful. - Which đóng vai trò là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg3 : - This is the book. I bought it yesterday.= This is the book which I bought yesterday.( Đây là cuốn sách mà tôi mua ngày hôm qua) - Which đóng vai trò là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. - Mệnh đề quan hệ which I bought yesterday làm nhiệm vụ xác định cho danh từ đứng trước nó. * Notes : - Nếu which đóng vai trò là tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể bỏ which đi. Eg : This is the book which I bought yesterday = This is the book I bought yesterday Eg 4 : The book which is on the table belongs to our teacher. ( Cuốn sách ở trên bàn thuộc về thầy giáo của chúng tôi) - Which đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - Which có thể thay cho cả một câu, lúc đó ta phải dùng dấu phẩy trước which. Eg : - He often goes out at night. This makes his wife angry. = He often goes out at night, which makes his wife angry.( Anh ta thường đi chơi vào buổi tối, điều đó làm cho vợ anh ta rất bực mình) 2. Who (Người mà) * Who là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ hoặc đại từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg/ I saw the woman. She wrote the book. S (người)-> who wrote the book. => I saw the woman who wrote the book 3. Whom * Đại từ quan hệ whom thay cho danh từ hoặc đại từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg1/ I know the man. You want to meet him. O (người) -> whom you want to meet. => I know the man whom you want to meet. Eg2 : - The man comes from China. My father is talking to him = The man whom my father is talking to comes from China.( Người đàn ông bố tôi mà đang nói chuyện với đến từ Trung Quốc) * Ta có thể để giới từ đứng trước whom. Eg : - The man to whom my father is - Ta có thể bỏ " whom" đi. Eg : - The man my father is talking to comes from China. * Ta có thể thay whom = who trong văn nói khi giới từ đứng sau. Eg : - The man who my father is talking to comes from China. 4. That * That là đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật làm tân ngữ hoặc chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. Eg : The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. The man that came to your house yesterday is Nam's brother.
49. * That thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ người và vật Eg : - We saw many people and cows that went to the forest. * Notes : Không dùng that để thay cho danh từ đã được xác định. Eg : Không nói : Mr Pike, that is old , is my teacher. *Không dùng that để thay thế cho cả câu. Eg : Không nói : He often goes out at night, that makes * Không dùng giới từ trước that. Eg : Không nói : The man to that my father is talking to * That được dùng trong câu nhấn mạnh It + to be +( cụm) danh từ / cụm từ / mệnh đề + that Eg : - It's this book that makes me happy. ( Chính là cuốn sách này đã làm tôi vui) - It's in Ha Noi that we met each other. ( Chính tại Hà nội chúng tôi đã gặp nhau) 5. Whose Whose là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his, her, their) hoặc danh từ sở hữu cách. Sau whose là danh từ. Eg. The girl is my sister. You took the girl’s picture. whose picture you took => The girl whose picture you took is my sister Eg : - The man has just phoned the police. His car was stolen near the market. = The man whose car was stolen near the market has just phoned the police. (Người dàn ông mà xe của ông ấy bị đánh cắp gần chợ vừa mới gọi điện cho cảnh sát) - The house is on sale. Its doors are green. = The house whose doors are green is on sale. (Ngôi nhà có cửa màu xanh đang được rao bán) * Khi dùng với danh từ chỉ vật, ta có thể thay whose = of which Eg : - The house the doors of which are green is on sale. II/ Relative Adverbs ( Trạng từ quan hệ) 1. Where ( Nơi mà) - Trạng từ quan hệ where thay thế cho trạng từ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn there, in this house, at the beach Eg : - The house is very old. He was born in this house. = The house where he was born is very old.( Ngôi nhà nơi ông ấy sinh ra rất cổ kính) Or = The house in which he was born is very old. where = in / at which 2. When ( Khi mà ) * Trạng từ quan hệ when thay thế cho trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Eg : - The day was nice. They met on that day. = The day when they met was nice.( Cái ngày mà họ gặp nhau thật là đẹp) Or = The day on which they met was nice. when = on/ in which Ta có thể thay when bằng that hoặc bỏ when đi. Eg : The day when they met was nice. = The day that they met was nice. = The day they met was nice. 3. Why ( Lý do mà) Eg : - The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown. ( Lý do mà anh ta từ chối di với chúng tôi thì không được biết)
50. Or = The reason for which he refused to go why = for which Ta có thể thay why bằng that hoặc có thể bỏ why đi. Eg : - The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown. = The reason that he refused to go with us was unknown. = The reason he refused to go with us was unknown. III. Trường hợp dùng dấu phẩy với mệnh đề quan hệ Ta dùng dấu phẩy với mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ thay cho danh từ, cụm từ đã được xác định (Mr Pike, my father, Hanoi, their ball, in his house ) Mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp này không làm nhiệm vụ xác định cho danh từ đằng trước (vì đó là danh từ đã được xác định) mà chỉ để cung cấp thêm thông tin. Nếu ta bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ đi thì câu vẫn có nghĩa. Eg 1 : - His car, which is very expensive, has just been stolen. Eg 2 : - My younger brother , who is only 7 years old, can play the piano very well. Eg 3 : - Mr Hoa, whose daughter is a famous singer, has just bought a house here. Eg 4: - I'm going to Ha noi, where my father is working. Eg 5 : Thanh Lam, who is a famous singer , has just come here. = Thanh Lam, a famous singer , has just come here. * Notes : Đại từ quan hệ that không được dùng trong trường hợp này. II/ EXERCISES: 1/Exercise1: Chọn từ thích hợp trong số A, B, C hoặc D 1/ What was the name of the girl passport was stolen ? A. whose B. who C. which D. when 2/ The bed I slept in was too soft. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3/ Nora is the only person understands me. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 4/ The man she is married to has been married twice before. A. which B. who C. whom D. what 5/ The hotel we stayed was not clean. A. that B. which C. where D. what 6/ The last time I saw her, she looked very beautiful. A. when B. which C. whom D. what 7/ The stories Tom tells are usually very funny. A. that B. who C. when D. what 8/ Have you seen the money was on the table ? A. which B. who C. whom D. what 9/ The factory John was working is the biggest in town. A. which B. who C. where D. what 10/ Jim passed his driving test, surprised everybody. A. that B. which C. whom D. what 11/ Do you remember the day we first met ? A. when B. which C. whom D. what 12/ Thank you for your letter, I was very happy to get. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 13/ The reason he failed was obvious. A. that B. why C. whom D. what