Đề thi đề xuất thi học sinh giỏi các trường THPT Chuyên khu vực Duyên hải và Đồng bằng Bắc bộ môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Trường THPT Chuyên Nguyễn Tất Thành

Nội dung text: Đề thi đề xuất thi học sinh giỏi các trường THPT Chuyên khu vực Duyên hải và Đồng bằng Bắc bộ môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 11 - Trường THPT Chuyên Nguyễn Tất Thành

1. TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN NGUYỄN TẤT THÀNH YÊN BÁI KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT MÔN: TIẾNG ANH – KHỐI 11 I. LISTENING Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a podcast on Camber’s Theme Park and choose the correct answer A, B, or C for each question. 1. According to the speaker, in what way is Camber’s different from other theme parks? A. It’s suitable for different age groups. B. It offers lots to do in wet weather. C. It has a focus on education. 2. The Park first opened in A. 1980 B. 1997 C. 2004 3. What’s included in the entrance fee? A. most rides and parking B. all rides and some exhibits C. parking and all rides 4. Becoming a member of the Adventurers Club means A. You can avoid queuing so much B. You can enter a Park free for a year C. You can visit certain zones closed to other people 5. The Future Farm zone encourages visitors to A. buy animals as pets B. learn about the care of animals C. get close to the animals Part 2: For questions 1-5, listen to a radio program about the perils of the online world. Listen and answer the true/false questions below. 1. Jenny's guest works for an e-mail company. 2. David says it's better not to mix work and personal e-mail accounts. 3. There are little software programs that travel the internet looking for e-mail addresses. 4. David advises people not to write e-mails in blue. 5. Fishing is a recent phenomenon. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 3. Listen and answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. 1. How did the students do their practical sessions? 2. In the second semester how often did Kira work in a hospital? 3. How much full-time work did Kira do during the year? 4. Having completed the year, how does Kira feel? 5. In addition to the language, what do overseas students need to become familiar with? 1
2. Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about social media and complete the note with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Social Media 2018 The world lived out some of the biggest moments of 2018 like the Winter Olympics on social media. According to the 1. ___ from Twitter, Instagram, and Google, here's what took the Internet by storm in 2018. Over on Twitter, Korean pop group BTS is who have 7.4 million followers for the most tweeted about people in 2018, well as 2. ___ about celebrities or musicians. LeBron James was the second most tweeted about celebrity and the most tweeted about athlete; meanwhile most tweeted about movie of the year was 3. ___ Moving over to Instagram, the #METOO hashtag was used 1.5 million times during 2018, followed by 4. ___ and #MarchforOurLives. The app also revealed that ‘5. ___’ challenge was the top dance movement of the year. So what were people searching. According to Google, Rosanne was the most searched show of the year. The most searched terms of the year were dominated by 6. ___ deaths like the World Cup and Hurricane Florence as well as 7. ___ including Mac Miller, Kate Spade, Anthony Bourdain and Stan Lee. And Demi Lovato who entered 8. ___ after overdosing earlier this year was the most searched person of 2018 followed by newly appointed Duchess Meghan Markle, 9. ___ Brett Kavanaugh, 10. ___ Logan Paul and Khloe Kardashian. LEXICO-GRAMMAR Part 1: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. 1. In these times of high unemployment everyone thought my giving up my job was___ madness. A. sheer B. steep C. high D. deep 2. With your qualifications, there will be no___ of firms willing to employ you. A. want B. inadequacy C. deficiency D. shortage 3. The project will be kept___ until the new manager comes. A. in order B. off and on C. on ice D. off the peck 4. It would set a bad___ if we changed the rules just for one student. A. precaution B. infringement C. precedent D. manifestation 5. To make a profit, we’ll have to add a few thousand new customers to our list, which is ___. A. a piece of cake B. out of order C. out of our depth D. a tall order 6. Peace talks between the two countries___, with neither side able to agree on terms. A. collapsed B. collaborated C. collared D. compromise 7. The problem with losing weight is that, if you succeed, all your clothes need to be___. A. cut down B. taken in C. made down D. let down 8. Even though it had ___ a great deal of support, the political party suffered a resounding defeat. A. flinched B. endowed C. downplayed D. rallied 9. Unconditional acceptance was the principle ___ his core philosophy. A. snagging B. underpinning C. conspiring D. limping 10. As a ___, politicians and other public figures should avoid making direct statements that could be used against them. A. show of hands B. word of mouth C. rule of thumb D. change of heart 2
3. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Part 2. Underline five mistakes in the paragraph and provide the correction for each of them. What is digital currency? Bitcoin is on the upswing at the moment, though. A year ago, one unit would have cost you a little under $650. Yesterday, that value had surged to more than $5,200 1 for one bitcoin. It set a record. Even financial analysts have had a hard time explaining bitcoin`s rises and falls. But they think a couple of things may be 2 factoring in here. One, it is possible that countries and companies that do not currently trade in bitcoin will start doing it. And two, a cheaper form of the currency 3 was created earlier this year and that might have made investors more confident in it. Some analysts do not expect bitcoin to stay this valuable though. The head of 4 JPMorgan, an investment company, has called it a fraud. And experts believe that governments will be hesitant to allow large payments to be made anonymously with 5 . bitcoin, because it would be harder to stop crimes and collect taxes. LIÊN HỆ MUA FILE WORD CỦA: - BỘ 200 ĐỀ THPT QUỐC GIA CÓ HƯỚNG DẪN GIẢI CHI TIẾT - ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI TỈNH CÓ FILE NGHE - ĐỀ THI ÔN HSG QUỐC GIA, OLYMPIC CÓ FILE NGHE CỦA CÁC TỈNH - NHIỀU CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI KHÁC ĐƯỢC BIÊN SOẠN KĨ LƯỠNG QUA SĐT: 032-777-3033 Part 3. Fill in each gap with one preposition. 1. Shrimp can trigger ___ an allergic reaction. 2. Help yourself to any drink you like. All are ___ the house. 3. I wish you wouldn’t do that. It really ticks me ___. 4. Recent research bears ___ the idea that women are safer drivers than men. 5. Tom’s parents were highly critical ___ his friends. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 4: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the Your answers: numbered space provided in the column in the right. 3
4. British workers are among the (1) ___ (HAPPY) in Europe and 1 the time so many of them spend commuting has been identified as a significant (2) ___ (CONTRIBUTE) factor. 2 People who spend more than two hours a day travelling to and from work report increased (3) ___ (IRRITABLE) with colleagues, 3 less efficiency in their work, and more problems in their personal lives. 4 Some more (4) ___ (LIGHT) employers are beginning to realize that traditional work patterns will have to change if they want to 5. retain a contented work force. (5) ___ (FLEX) working hours have been introduced by a number of companies who claim that this 6 has led to greater job satisfaction and a noticeable increase in (6) ___ (PRODUCT). 7 Another, more (7) ___ (REVOLUTE), approach has become feasible as a result of developments in information technology and a 8. small growing number of people are now working from home. For most of us, however, the daily (8) ___ (MORALE) tedium 9 of commuting remains unavoidable. As we sit or stand on a crowded, and (9) ___ (VARY) late, bus or train, we can only dream of a 10 more leisurely lifestyle devoid of the misery commuting (10) ___ (INEVITABLE) brings. READING Part 1. Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each space. SOUND ADVICE FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS A recent issue of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) ___ of second language acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2) ___ a language course. One suggestion is that you (3) ___ whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major (4) ___ will be your own time and effort. If proof of your level of proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (5) ___ qualification. Also, be realistic in your (6) ___. If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (7) ___ thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (8) ___ around to get the best possible value for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a (9) ___ course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of (10) ___ progress were high. Three years on she remembers very little. She feels her biggest mistake was not to follow up her first experience. "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by myself." 1. A. domain B. branch C. field D. area 2. A. wondering B. thinking C. looking D. considering 3. A. assess B. review C. balance D. survey 4. A. change B. cost C. price D. evaluation 5. A. recognized B. understood C. valued D. regarded 6. A. sights B. ends C. objects D. goals 7. A by B. about C. into D. in 8. A. Nose B. Push C. Run D. Shop 9. A. rapid B. crash C. quick D. fast 10. A. achieving B. doing C. gaining D. making 4
5. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 2. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Smart toys If your kids easily become bored while watching the television or listening to music, a smart toy may help to maintain their interest. The toy, which is controlled by signals hidden in the sound, will respond to the TV or dance around (1) ___ the music. Ian Hosking, (2) ___ work at Scientific Generics on adapting spread spectrum technology has (3) ___ to the development of the technique of hiding control signals in sound, claims that the toy is actually (4) ___simple. “It needs little more than the (5) ___ to decode signals and to respond to them” The idea of controlling devices with sound is (6) ___ new. Some early television remote controls emitted ultrasonic bleeps, but they were unreliable. Traffic noise could (7) ___ off the television, and the ultrasound (8) ___ to upset pets. In the new system, coded control signals are spread over a wide range of frequencies, but they are (9) ___ faint to be audible on a normal domestic sound system, (10) ___ avoiding problems of interference. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 3. Read the extract taken from Darwin's book The Voyage of the Beagle then choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete each statement. That large animals require a luxuriant vegetation, has been a general assumption which has passed from one work to another; but I do not hesitate to say that it is completely false, and that it has vitiated the reasoning of geologists on some points of great interest in the ancient history of the world. The prejudice has probably been derived from India, and the Indian islands, where troops of elephants, noble forests, and impenetrable jungles, are associated together in every one's mind. If, however, we refer to any work of travels through the southern parts of Africa, we shall find allusions in almost every page either to the desert character of the country, or to the numbers of large animals inhabiting it. The same thing is rendered evident by the many engravings which have been published of various parts of the interior. Dr. Andrew Smith, who has lately succeeded in passing the Tropic of Capricorn, informs me that, taking into consideration the whole of the southern part of Africa, there can be no doubt of its being a sterile country. On the southern coasts there are some fine forests, but with these exceptions, the traveller may pass for days together through open plains, covered by a poor and scanty vegetation. Now, if we look to the animals inhabiting these wide plains, we shall find their numbers extraordinarily great, and their bulk immense. We must enumerate the elephant, three species of rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, the giraffe, the bos caffer, two zebras, two gnus, and several antelopes even larger than these latter animals. It may be supposed that although the species are numerous, the individuals of each kind are few. By the kindness of Dr. Smith, I am enabled to show that the case is very different. He informs me, that in lat. 24', in one day's march with the bullock-wagons, he saw, without wandering to any great distance on either side, between one hundred and one hundred and fifty rhinoceroses - the same day he saw several herds of giraffes, amounting together to nearly a hundred. At the distance of a little more than one hour's march from their place of encampment on the previous night, his party actually killed at one spot eight hippopotamuses, and saw many more. In this same river there were likewise crocodiles. Of course it was a case quite extraordinary, to see so many great animals crowded together, but it evidently proves that they must exist in great numbers. Dr.Smith describes the country passed through that day, as 'being thinly covered 5
6. with grass, and bushes about four feet high, and still more thinly with mimosa-trees.' Besides these large animals, every one the least acquainted with the natural history of the Cape, has read of the herds of antelopes, which can be compared only with the flocks of migratory birds. The numbers indeed of the lion, panther, and hyena, and the multitude of birds of prey, plainly speak of the abundance of the smaller quadrupeds: one evening seven lions were counted at the same time prowling round Dr. Smith's encampment. As this able naturalist remarked to me, the carnage each day in Southern Africa must indeed be terrific! I confess it is truly surprising how such a number of animals can find support in a country producing so little food. The larger quadrupeds no doubt roam over wide tracts in search of it; and their food chiefly consists of underwood, which probably contains much nutriment in a small bulk. Dr.Smith also informs me that the vegetation has a rapid growth; no sooner is a part consumed, than its place is supplied by a fresh stock. There can be no doubt, however, that our ideas respecting the apparent amount of food necessary for the support of large quadrupeds are much exaggerated. The belief that where large quadrupeds exist, the vegetation must necessarily be luxuriant, is the more remarkable, because the converse is far from true. Mr.Burchell observed to me that when entering Brazil, nothing struck him more forcibly than the splendour of the South American vegetation contrasted with that of South Africa, together with the absence of all large quadrupeds. In his Travels, he has suggested that the comparison of the respective weights (if there were sufficient datA. of an equal number of the largest herbivorous quadrupeds of each country would be extremely curious. If we take on the one side, the elephants hippopotamus, giraffe, bos caffer, elan, five species of rhinoceros; and on the American side, two tapirs, the guanaco, three deer, the vicuna, peccari, capybara (after which we must choose from the monkeys to complete the number), and then place these two groups alongside each other it is not easy to conceive ranks more disproportionate in size. After the above facts, we are compelled to conclude, against anterior probability, that among the mammalia there exists no close relation between the bulk of the species, and the quantity of the vegetation, in the countries which they inhabit. (Adapted from: Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin) 1. The author is primarily concerned with ___. A. discussing the relationship between the size of mammals and the nature of vegetation in their habitats B. contrasting ecological conditions in India and Africa C. proving the large animals do not require much food D. describing the size of animals in various parts of the world 2. According to the author, the ‘prejudice’ has lead to ___ . A. errors in the reasoning of biologists B. false ideas about animals in Africa C. doubt in the mind of the author D. incorrect assumptions on the part of geologists 3. The author uses information provided by Dr. Smith to ___. A. supply information on quality and quantity of plant life in South Africa B. indicate the presence of large numbers of animals C. give evidence of numbers of carnivorous animals D. A, B and C are correct 4. The flocks of migratory birds are mentioned to ___. A. describe an aspect of the fauna of South Africa B. indicate the abundance of wildlife C. contrast with the habits of the antelope D. suggest the size of antelope herds 5. The ‘carnage’ refers to the ___. A. number of animals killed by hunters B. number of prey animals killed by predators C. number of people killed by lions D. amount of food eaten by all species 6. To account for the ‘surprising’ number of animals in a ‘country producing so little food’, Darwin suggests all of the following as partial explanations except ___. A. food requirements have been overestimated B. rapid regrowth of plant material C. large area for animals to forage in D. mainly carnivorous animals 6
7. 7. The author makes his point by reference to all of the following except ___. A. historical documents B. published illustrations C. private communications D. recorded observations 8. Darwin quotes Burchell’s observations in order to ___. A. describe a region of great splendor B. counter a popular misconception C. account for a curious situation D. illustrate a well-known phenomenon 9. Darwin apparently regards Dr. Smith as ___. A. reliable and imaginative B. observant and excitable C. intrepid and competent D. foolhardy and tiresome 10. ‘Anterior probability’ refers to ___. A. what might have been expected B. ideas of earlier explorers C. likelihood based on data from India D. hypotheses of other scientists Your answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Part 4. Dirty river but clean water Floods can occur in rivers when the flow rate exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders in the waterway. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While riverine flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry. A FIRE and flood are two of humanity’s worst nightmares. People have, therefore, always sought to control them. Forest fires are snuffed out quickly. The flow of rivers is regulated by weirs and dams. At least, that is how it used to be. But foresters have learned that forests need fires to clear out the brush and even to get seeds to germinate. And a similar revelation is now dawning on hydrologists. Rivers 一 and the ecosystems they support — need floods. That is why a man-made torrent has been surging down the Grand Canyon. By Thursday March 6th it was running at full throttle, which was expected to be sustained for 60 hours. B Floods once raged through the canyon every year. Spring Snow from as far away as Wyoming would melt and swell the Colorado river to a flow that averaged around 1,500 cubic meters (50,000 cubic feet) a second. Every eight years or so, that figure rose to almost 3,000 cubic meters. These floods infused the river with sediment, carved its beaches and built its sandbars. C However, in the four decades since the building of the Glen Canyon dam, just upstream of the Grand Canyon, the only sediment that it has collected has come from tiny, undammed tributaries. Even that has not been much use as those tributaries are not powerful enough to distribute the sediment in an ecologically valuable way. D This lack of flooding has harmed local wildlife. The humpback chub, for example, thrived in the rust- red waters of the Colorado. Recently, though, its population has crashed. At first sight, it looked as if the reason was that the chub were being eaten by trout introduced for sport fishing in the mid-20th century. But trout and chub co-existed until the Glen Canyon dam was built, so something else is going on. Steve Gloss, of the United States’ Geological Survey (USGS), reckons that the chub’s decline is the result of their losing their most valuable natural defense, the Colorado’s rusty sediment. The chub were well adapted to the poor visibility created by the thick, red water which gave the river its name, and depended on it to hide from predators. Without the cloudy water the chub became vulnerable. E And the chub are not alone. In the years since the Glen Canyon dam was built, several species have vanished altogether. These include the Colorado pike-minnow, the razorback sucker and the roundtail chub. 7
8. Meanwhile, aliens including fathead minnows, channel catfish and common carp, which would have been hard， put to survive in the savage waters of the undammed canyon, have moved in. F So flooding is the obvious answer. Unfortunately, it is easier said than done. Floods were sent down the Grand Canyon in 1996 and 2004 and the results were mixed. In 1996 the flood was allowed to go on too long. To start with, all seemed well. The floodwaters built up sandbanks and infused the river with sediment. Eventually, however, the continued flow washed most of the sediment out of the canyon. This problem was avoided in 2004 ，but unfortunately, on that occasion, the volume of sand available behind the dam was too low to rebuild the sandbanks. This time, the USGS is convinced that things will be better. The amount of sediment available is three times greater than it was in 2004. So if a flood is going to do some good, this is the time to unleash one. G Even so, it may turn out to be an empty gesture. At less than 1,200 cubic metres a second, this flood is smaller than even an average spring flood, let alone one of the mightier deluges of the past. Those glorious inundations moved massive quantities of sediment through the Grand Canyon, wiping the slate dirty, and making a muddy mess of silt and muck that would make modem river rafters cringe. Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage ? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement is true FALSE if the statement is false NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 1. Damage caused by fire is worse than that caused by flood. 2. The flood peaks at almost 1500 cubic meters every eight years. 3. Contribution of sediments delivered by tributaries has little impact. 4. Decreasing number of chubs is always caused by introducing of trout since mid-20th. 5. It seemed that the artificial flood in 1996 had achieved success partly at the very beginning. 6. In fact, the yield of artificial flood water is smaller than an average natural flood at present. Questions 7-10 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet. The Eco- Impact of the Canyon Dam Floods are peopled nightmare. In the past, canyon was raged by flood every year. The snow from far Wyoming would melt in the season of spring and caused a flood flow peak in Colorado river. In the four decades after people built the Glen Canyon dam, it only could gather 7 . together from tiny, undammed tributaries. humpback chub population reduced, why? Then, several species disappeared including Colorado pike-minnow, 8 and the round-tail chub. Meanwhile, some moved in such as fathead minnows, channel catfish and 9 The non- stopped flow leaded to the washing away of the sediment out of the canyon, which poses great threat to the chubs because it has poor 10 away from predators. In addition, the volume of sand available behind the dam was too tow to rebuild the bars and flooding became more serious. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Part 5. You are going to read a magazine article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. The Do-gooders The people who changed the morals of English society. 8
9. In the last decades of the 18th century, the losers seriously outnumbered the winners. Those who were fortunate enough to occupy the upper levels of society, celebrated their good fortune by living a hedonistic life of gambling, parties and alcohol. It was their moral right, they felt, to exploit the weak and the poor. Few of them thought their lives should change, even fewer believed it could. 1 But the decisive turning point for moral reform was the French revolution. John Bowlder, a popular moralist of the time, blamed the destruction of French society on a moral crisis. Edmund Burke, a Whig statesman agreed. 'When your fountain is choked up and polluted,' he wrote, 'the stream will not run long or clear.' If the English society did not reform, ruin would surely follow 2 Englishmen were deeply afraid that the immorality of France would invade England. Taking advantage of this, Burke was able to gain considerable support by insisting that the French did not have the moral qualifications to be a civilised nation. He pronounced 'Better this island should be sunk to the bottom of the sea that than it should not be a country of religion and morals.' 3 Sobering though these messages were, the aristocracy of the time was open to such reforms, not least due to fear. France's attempt to destroy their nobility did much to encourage the upper classes to examine and re-evaluate their own behaviour. Added to this was the arrival of French noble émigrés to British shores. As these people were dependent on the charity of the British aristocracy, it became paramount to amend morals and suppress all vices in order to uphold the state. 4 Whether the vices of the rich and titled stopped or were merely cloaked is open to question. But it is clear that by the turn of the century, a more circumspect society had emerged. Styles of dress became more moderate, and the former adornments of swords, buckles and powdered hair were no longer seen. There was a profusion of moral didactic literature available. Public hangings ceased and riots became much rarer. 5 One such person was Thomas Wackley who in 1823 founded a medical journal called 'the Lancet'. At this time, Medicine was still a profession reserved for the rich, and access to knowledge was impossible for the common man. The Lancet shone a bright light on the questionable practices undertaken in medicine and particularly in surgery, and finally led to improved standards of care. 6 How though did changes at the top affect the people at the bottom of the societal hierarchy? Not all reformers concerned themselves which changes at the authoritative and governmental levels. Others concentrated on improving the lives and morals of the poor. In the midst of the industrial revolution, the poorest in society were in dire straits. Many lived in slums and sanitation was poor. No-one wanted the responsibility of improvement. 7 Could local authorities impose such measures today? Probably not. Even so, the legacy of the moral reform of the late 1800s and 1900s lives on today. Because of it, the British have come to expect a system which is competent, fair to all and free from corruption. Nowadays everyone has a right to a home, access to education, and protection at work and in hospital. This is all down to the men and women who did not just observe society's ills from a distance, but who dared to take steps to change it. Paragraphs A But a moral makeover was on the horizon, and one of the first people to promote it was William Wilberforce, better known for his efforts in abolishing the slave trade. Writing to a friend, Lord Muncaster, he stated that 'the universal corruption and profligacy of the times taking its rise amongst 9
10. the rich and luxurious has now spread its destructive poison through the whole body of the people.' B But one woman, Octavia Hill, was willing to step up to the mark. Hill, despite serious opposition by the men who still dominated English society, succeeded in opening a number of housing facilities for the poor. But, recognising the weaknesses of a charity-dependent culture, Hill enforced high moral standards, strict measures in hygiene and cleanliness upon her tenants, and, in order to promote a culture of industry, made them work for any financial handouts. C At first, moralists did not look for some tangible end to moral behaviour. They concerned themselves with the spiritual salvation of the rich and titled members of society, believing that the moral tone set by the higher ranks would influence the lower orders. For example, Samuel Parr, preaching at London's St Paul's Cathedral, said 'If the rich man abandons himself to sloth and all the vices which sloth generates, he corrupts by his example. He permits his immediate attendants to be, like him, idle and profligate.' D In time, the favour for improved morals strayed beyond personal behaviour and towards a new governance. People called for a tightening of existing laws which had formerly been enforced only laxly. Gambling, duelling, swearing, prostitution, pornography and adultery laws were more strictly upheld to the extent that several fashionable ladies were fined fifty pounds each for gambling in a private residence. E So far, however, circumspection in the upper classes had done little to improve the lives of those in the lower classes. But that was to change. Against a backdrop of the moral high ground, faults in the system started to stand out. One by one, people started to question the morality of those in authority. F The attitudes of the upper classes became increasingly critical during the latter part of the eighteenth century. In 1768, the Lord of the Treasury was perfectly at ease to introduce his mistress to the Queen, but a generation later, such behaviour would have been unacceptable. Such attitudes are also seen in the diaries of Samuel Pepys, who, in 1793 rambles without criticism about his peer's many mistresses. A few years later, his tone had become infinitely more critical. G Similar developments occurred in the Civil Service. Civil servants were generally employed as a result of nepotism or acquaintance, and more often than not took advantage of their power to provide for themselves at the expense of the public. Charles Trevelyan, an official at the London Treasury, realised the weaknesses in the system and proposed that all civil servants were employed as a result of entrance examinations, thus creating a system which was politically independent and consisted of people who were genuinely able to do the job. H These prophecies roused a little agitation when first published in 1790. But it was the events in 1792- 93 which shocked England into action. Over in France, insurrection had led to war and massacre. The King and Queen had been tried and executed. France was now regarded as completely immoral and uncivilized, a country where vice and irreligion reigned. Your answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. WRITING Part 1. Read the following passage and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be about 80 words long. 10
11. Influenza, or 'the flu' is an infection of the lungs and the surrounding areas. This infection of the respiratory tract is caused by the influenza virus. The virus usually spreads during the winter in temperate climates. When many people catch the flu at the same time, the situation is called a flu epidemic. The proteins that coat the flu virus change constantly. As a result, new strains of the flu virus circulate every few years. In some countries, people at high risk are encouraged to get a flu vaccination every year. Some of the people at risk are those over 65 years, children with heart or lung conditions and health care workers. People with flu infections feel as if they have a cold, but the signs and symptoms are usually more severe. Body areas other than the respiratory tract may be infected. Signs and symptoms include weakness, chills, fatigue, muscle aches, headache, fever, running nose and cough. The signs and symptoms could last for a week to ten days. The influenza virus is spread largely through the air. A typical situation is where one person infected with the flu coughs or sneezes when in close proximity with another person. Droplets of the virus, suspended in the air, are breathed in by the other person. Once the virus lands on the lining of the nose, throat or other body areas related to breathing, it reproduces rapidly. Usually the flu goes away with a rest, drinking plenty of fluids and taking mild pain medication. Health care providers may prescribe certain medication for people who are at high risk. When symptoms do not go away after seven to ten days, there is difficulty in breathing or persistent high temperatures, a health care provider should be consulted. . . . . . . . . . . . Part 2. The diagrams below show the students’ family economic background, the total number of students at university in the UK, the government spending on each student. Write a report for university lecturer describing the information below. 11
12. Percentage of students by family economic background in 1991 High income 30% Middle income Low income 62% 8% Total number of students at university in the UK 10000 Government spending on each student 3000000 (pound) 2000000 1000000 0 0 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
13. . . . . . . Part 3. Education is a lifelong task. To what extent do you agree or disagree? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
15. . . . . . . . . 15