Giáo án môn Tiếng Anh ôn thi vào Lớp 10

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1. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 PHẦN I – ƠN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG THE TENSES + USED TO + PAST SIMPLE TENSE WITH WISH I. Các thì cơ bản trong tiếng Anh 1. Thì hiện tại đơn giản. a. Động từ “TO BE” * Nghĩa tiếng Việt: Thì, là, ở. * Cĩ 3 dạng : am, is , are. * Cách chia động từ : Chủ ngữ là I động từ Tobe chia là am , viết là I am = I’m. He, She, It, Danh từ số ít Tobe chia là is . You, We, They, danh từ số nhiều Tobe chia là are. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: S + am / is / are + Thể phủ định : S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + Lưu ý : I am not = I’m not. Thể nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + ? Lưu ý : thơng thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành “You” . b. Động từ thường. Thể khẳng định : I, We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều + V He, She, It, danh từ số ít + V-s / es . Thể phủ định : I / We / You /They /danh từ số nhiều + don’t + V . He / She / It / danh từ số ít + doesn’t + V . Thể nghi vấn : Do + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + V ? Yes, I/ we/ they do . ; No, I / we / they don’t. Does + he/ she / it / danh từ số ít + V ? Yes, he / she / it + does . / No, he / she / it + doesn’t. Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả một thĩi quen ở hiện tại. VD: I come to class on time. She has lunch at home. b. Diễn tả một sự thật bất biến, một chân lí luơn luơn đúng. VD: The Sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening. Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong thì hiện tại đơn giản. - In the morning/ afternoon/ evening - Every day / morning/ afternoon / evening / week / month / year / Monday . summer + often, usually, frequently: thường. + alway , constantly: luơn luơn + sometimes, occosionally : thỉnh thoảng + seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi 2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn. Thể khẳng định: S + am / is / are + V- ing . Lưu ý: động từ Tobe được chia theo chủ ngữ Thể phủ định: S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing . Thể nghi vấn: Is / Are + S + V-ing . Yes, S + am / is / are. ; No, S + am not / isn’t / aren’t. * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nĩi. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 1
2. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 VD: I’m learning English now. Lan and Nam are watching TV at the moment. My mother is cooking dinner. b. Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương gần, đã cĩ kế hoạch từ trước. VD: My grand mother is coming to see my family next week. c. Nĩi về sự đang thay đổi. VD: The population of the world is rising very fast. Các trạng từ: now, at the moment, at present, at this time. Look, listen, be careful . - Chỉ một hành động bất thường Where is Ba? + He is having a bath Những động từ liệt kê trong bảng ở dưới đây khơng được dùng ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn mặc dù cĩ thể trong một số trường hợp, vì thế ta dùng hiện tại đơn để thay thế. know believe hear see smell wish understand hate love like want sound have need appear seem taste own 3. Thì tương lai gần. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: S + am / is / are + going to + V . Lưu ý: động từ Tobe được chia theo chủ ngữ. Thể phủ định: S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + going to + V . Thể nghi vấn: Are / Is + S + going to + V ? Yes, S + am / is / are. ; No, S + amnot / isn’t / aren’t. * Cách dùng: Diễn đạt hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai mà cĩ kế hoạch từ trước. EX: My father is retiring. Where are you going to spend your holidays? * Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian dùng trong thì tương lai gần. - Tomorrow , tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening. - Next week / month / year. - Next + thứ trong tuần: Monday, Tuesday - Next + mùa : next summer , 4. Thì tương lai đơn giản. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: S + will + V . Thể phủ định: S + won’t + V (won’t = will not) Thể nghi vấn: Will + S + V ? Yes, S will. / No, S won’t. Lưu ý: Cĩ thể dùng Shall I + V ? dùng để xin phép được làm gì? Cĩ thể dùng Shall we + V ? đề nghị người khác cùng làm gì. (= Let’s + V ) Will you + V , please? Yêu cầu ai đĩ làm gì. * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra tại thời điểm nào đĩ trong tương lai. VD: He will finish his homework tomorrow. Manchester United will win the cup. b. Một hành động, sự việc được quyết đinh tại thời điểm nĩi mà khơng cĩ ý định từ trước. VD: Lan is ill. I will go to see her now. c. Dự đốn về sự việc trong tương lai. VD: Be careful! You will hurt yourself. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 2
3. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 d. Hứa hẹn sẽ làm gì. VD: I promise I’ll learn harder next school year. Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back soon. * Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian dùng trong thì tương lai đơn giản. - Tomorrow, tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening. - Next week / month / year. - Next + thứ trong tuần: Monday, Tuesday - Next + mùa : next summer , - soon: chẳng bao lâu nũa - in + khoảng thưịi gian - I’m sure - I think / hope; perhaps: cĩ lẽ Note: Hai hành động xảy ra nối với nhau = “when”, nếu hành động này ở thì hiện tại đơn thì hành động kia chia ở tương lai đơn và ngược lại. Ex: When he comes, I will phone you. 5. Thì quá khứ đơn giản. a. Động từ “TOBE” * Nghĩa tiếng Việt: Thì, là, ở. * Cĩ 2 dạng : was / were * Cách chia động từ : Chủ ngữ là : I , He, She, It, Danh từ số ít Tobe chia là was . You, We, They, danh từ số nhiều Tobe chia là were. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: S + was / were + Thể phủ định : S + wasn’t / weren’t + Lưu ý : I am not = I’m not. Thể nghi vấn : Was / Were + S + ? Lưu ý : thơng thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành “You” . b. Động từ thường. Lưu ý: Các chủ ngữ đều chia như nhau. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: S + V –d, ed / V (cột 2) trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc . Thể phủ định: S + didn’t + V Thể nghi vấn: Did + S + V .? Yes, S did . / No, S + didn’t. * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả một hành động sự việc đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ. VD: I watched TV last night. My family went to Paris last summer. b. Diễn tả hành động cĩ tính thĩi quen trong quá khứ. VD: He played tennis on Sunday last year. He worked in this factory from 1975 to 1990. *Cách đọc đuơi động từ ở thì qúa khứ với đuơi “ed”. - ed được đọc là / t/ khi động từ nguyên thể cĩ âm tận cùng là /f/, / k/, /p/, /s/ hoặc chữ cái tận cùng là “ch” hoặc “sh” VD: laughed, asked, helped, pushed, dressed, produced, watched . - ed được đọc là / id / khi những động từ nguyên thể cĩ chữ cái tận cùng là t và d. VD: needed, wanted, watied, added . - ed được đọc là / d / khi những động từ nguyên mẫu là các âm cịn lại. VD: enjoyed, lived, filled, seemed * Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng trong thì quá khứ đơn giản. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 3
4. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 - yesterday, yesterday morning / afternoon/ evening - last night / week / month / year - last + thứ trong tuần : Monday, Tuesday . - last + mùa trong năm: summer . - in + năm : 1978, 2008 - khoảng thời gian + ago ( a week ago, two days ago .) 6. Thì hiện tại hồn thành. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: I / You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + have + P.P He / She / It / danh từ số ít + has + P.P . Lưu ý: P.P là quá khứ phân từ. Cĩ quy tắc thêm “ed”, bất quy tắc tra cột 3 bảng động từ bất quy tắc. Thể phủ định: I / You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + haven’t + P.P He / She / It / danh từ số ít + hasn’t + P.P . Thể nghi vấn: Have + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + P.P . ? Yes, I / we / they have. ; No, I / we / they + haven’t. Has + he / she / it / danh từ số ít + P.P ? Yes, he / she / it + has. ; No, he / she / it + hasn’t. Lưu ý : thơng thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành “You” . * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại thường dùng với since, for. VD: They have lived here for ten years. Lan has learned English since she was six years old. Lưu ý : For + khoảng thời gian / Since + điểm thời gian. VD: Since For 8 o’clock Christmas Two hours A week Monday Lunchtime Ten minutes Five years May 12th S + V (s.past) A long time Ages Last year Yesterday Three days Six months * Để đặt câu hỏi cho cụm từ “ since , for ” dùng từ để hỏi “ HOW LONG .?” How long + have/ has + S + P.P ? VD: How long have you lived here? How long has your father worked in this factory? b. Diễn tả hành động, sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ khơng xác định được thời gian co thể dùng với already, just, ever, yet. Lưu ý: Yet chỉ dùng ở thể phủ định và nghi vấn; never dùng trong thể khẳng định mang nghĩa phủ định. VD: I have seen that film. Lam has been in China. c. Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ. VD: We have seen this play many times. *. Chú ý: Trong câu thường cĩ các trạng từ: already, not yet, so far, up to now, lately, recently, since, for, never, this/ it is the first / second time , several times / 3 times 7. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn. * Cấu trúc: Thể khẳng định: I / He / She / It / danh từ số ít + was + V-ing . You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + were + V-ing . Thể phủ định : I / He / She / It / danh từ số ít + wasn’t + V-ing . You / We / They / danh từ số nhiều + weren’t + V-ing . Thể nghi vấn: Was + he / she / it / danh từ số it + V-ing .? Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 4
5. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Yes, he / she / it + was.; No, he / she / it + wasn’t. Were + you / they / danh từ số nhiều + V-ing .? Yes, I was.; Yes, we / they were.; / No, I wasn’t. ; No, we / they were. Lưu ý : thơng thường đổi từ thế khẳng định sang thể nghi vấn chủ ngữ là “I / We” thì đổi thành “You” . * Cách dùng: a. Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ. VD: I was learning English at 8 o’clock last night. They were watching TV at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon. b. Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ thì cĩ một hành động khác xen vào. When + S + V (past simple) , S + was / were + V-ing . While + S + was / were + V-ing , S + V (past simple) VD: When Tom arived, we were having dinner. While I was having a shower, the phone rang. c. Diễn tả 2 hành động cùng song song xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ. S + was / were + V-ing while S + was / were + V-ing While S + was / were + V-ing , S + was / were + V-ing VD: While I was reading a newspapaer, Lan was doing her homework. They were playing soccer while we were playing table tennis. 8. Thì quá khứ hồn thành 1. Cơng thức: S + had + PP 2. Cách dùng: Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ. Trong câu cĩ hai động, hành động nào xảy ra trước, ta dùng thì quá khứ hồn thành, cịn hành động nào xảy ra sau, ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn. Ex: After John had washed his clothes, he began to study. George had waited for one hour before the bus came BEFORE quá khứ đơn, quá khứ hồn thành AFTER quá khứ hồn thành, quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hồn thành BEFORE quá khứ đơn Quá khứ đơn AFTER quá khứ hồn thành II. USED TO 1. C¸ch sư dơng thµnh ng÷ used to vµ get/be used to 1.1 used to. Used to + [Verb in simple form] (Thường hay, đã từng) Chỉ một thĩi quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ. Ví dụ: When David was young, he used to swim once a day. ( Thĩi quen trong quá khứ) Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn: Did + Subject + use to + Verb = Used + Subject + to + verb. Ví dụ: When David was young, did he use to swim once a day? used he to swim once a day? Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 5
6. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Câu phủ định: Subject + didn’t + use to + Verb = Subject + used not to + verb. Ví dụ: When David was young, he didn’t use to swim once a day. he used not to swim once a day. 1.2 get / be used to. BE / GET USED TO + VING ( trở nên quen với) (noun) Lưu ý: Trong cơng thức (*) cĩ thể thay used to = Would nhưng dễ nhầm lẫn. III. Câu mong ước: được dùng khi người nĩi mong ước điều trái ngược với thực tế. * Mong ước ở hiện tại: S (1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + V(past simple) Lưu ý: “Tobe” chỉ dùng dạng “Were” VD: I don’t have enough time to finish my exam. I wish I had enough time to finish my exam. * Mong ước trong tương lai: S(1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + would / could + V VD: She will not tell me I wish she would tell me. * Mong ước trong quá khứ: S (1) + wish / wishes + S (2) + V (past perfect) . VD: Lan wishes she had reviewed her lessons carefully before the exam. Exercise: Supply the correct tense for the verbs in brackets 1. It (be) always hot in summer in Hue. . 2. We (not go) to the cinema last night because we (be) busy. . 3. Smoking (be) bad for your health. . 4. Hoang (practise) speaking English every day. . 5. Lan (not have) a health examination last month. . 6. We (not have) classes tomorrow. . 7. Look! The children (not do) their homework. They (sleep). . 8. Kim usually (go) to school by bike. But today she (walk) to school. 9. Last week the doctor (fill) a cavity in my eighth tooth. . 10. Next month, my English teacher (go) to England. . 11. My brother (buy) me a new watch on my last birthday. 12. We (not go) to the cinema last night because we (be) busy. 13. Tom (watch) TV every night. Yesterday he (watch) it in the afternoon because there (be) an exciting football match on TV. 14. We (not have) classes tomorrow. . 15. Would you like (see) a movie? . 16. What you (do) last weekend? . 17. She (not watch) television every night. . 18. This medicine will make you (feel) better. . 19. John (go) to the store before he (go) home. . 20. Jeannette (wash) the pipettes after she (complete) the experiment. . 21. She never (stay) up late at night. 22. My mother (plant) flowers in the garden at the moment. 23. Why .you (leave) . the party early last night? Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 6
7. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 24. Minh (go) .to the dentist tomorrow morning. 25. You should (go) . .to bed early. Exercise: Sentence transformation 1. My wife can’t speak French. I wish 2. What a pity you failed in your driving test. I wish 3. She won’t visit me again. I wish 4. I’m not a millionaire. I wish 5. He said “Good luck!” He wish 6. Tom regretted buying the second-hand car. Tom wished 7. You’re making a lot of noise. I wish 8. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night. I wish 9. Kieu My stains her white dress. Kieu My wishes 10. Khanh lost her handbag. Khanh wished Exercise: Choose the best answer: 1. My students uniform on Sunday A. wear B. wearing C. to wear D. are wearing 2. We each other for two years. A. have know B. have knew C. knew D. have known 3. Listen! The birds A. sing B. are sing C. are singing D. singing 4. My father me to the park once a week. A. take B. takes C. is taking D. has taken 5. The children .football in the school yard at the moment. A. playing B. are playing C. to play D. is playing 6. Lan is in her room now. She a letter. A. writes B. is writing C. is writing D. is writes 7. Jack no trouble with his English lesson up to now. A. looked B. looks C. has looked D. was looking 8. At present, that author .a historical novel. A. are writing B. is writing C. is writing D. is writes 9. Yes, I that other fellow’s name now. A. am remembering B. remember C. remembered D. remembers 10. Rober .for you since noon. A. has waited B. waits C. is waiting D. have waited 11. I hope that you .our wedding. A. attend B. will attend C. attended D. attends 12. I’m going to bed. I .for hours and I’m tired. A. worked B. have worked C. works D. am working 13. The bees .come out of the hivesince six o’clock A. won’t B. hasn’t C. didn’t D. haven’t 14. When I see Barbara in the street, she always at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 7
8. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 15. “You are late”, he said “I think the bus already” A. went B. was going C. has gone D. goes 16. She often .thatshe could ride a bicycle. A. wishes B. wished C. wish D. wishing 17. Malee at Train Udom at present. A. studies B. is studying C. are studying D. has studies 18. He .for the money since last Friday. A. was waiting B. waited C. has waited D. waits 19. “Don’t cook a meal for me”, He said”I’ve already ” A. eaten B. eat C. eating D. been eating 20. He’s been in Bangkok A. for two weeks B. since two weeks C. in two weeks D. two weeks ago 21. He .to his wife an hour ago. A. talks B. has talked C. talking D. talked 22. Harry is working at a bank A. at the moment B. since last year C. a year ago D. for a year 23. After having lunch he to his room to have a short rest yesterday. A. goes B. has gone C. went D. going 24. It’s an hour since he so he must be at the office now. A. is leaving B. was leaving C. has left D. left 25. A clock you the time. A. tells B. told C. is telling D. has told 26. She hasn’t written to me . A. already B. yet C. never D. since 27. He doing the crossword puzzle in the newspaper every day. A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. has liked 28. The eggs .taken to the market once a week. A. is B. are C. was D. were 29. This is the first time I this kind of food. A. eat B. am eating C. has eaten D. have eaten 30. Look! A man after the bus. He to catch it A. is running/ is wanting B. is running/ wants C. is running/ want D. runs/ wants 31. My children .to the zoo every weekend A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going 32. It’s ages since Tom us. A. has visited B. visited C. visits D. is visited 33. Ann tea vry often. A.doesn’t drink B. don’t drink C. didn’t drink D. hasn’t drink 34. I my son the money for that last week. A. give B. gave C. have given D. had given 35. I lots about the job so far. A. have learnt B. am learning C. had learnt D. learnt 36. Bad driving often many accidents A. caused B. cause C. causes D. has caused 37. .a car when they were living in London in 1990? A. Have they B. Did they have C. Were they having D. Have they had 38. Ted .me for weeks. A. hasn’t phoned B. didn’t phone C. isn’t phoning D. phone 39. My brother has enjoyed swimming since he young. A. has been B. was C. will be D. will be Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 8
9. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 40. The boys football in the field every evening but yesterday they .basketball instead. A. played/ played B. played/ play C. play/ played D. play/ play 41. Hurry up, Jane! We all for you. A. wait B. are waiting C. waiting D. are waiting 42. I can’t go with you because I my lessons yet. A. didn’t finish B. am not finishing C. don’t finish D. haven’t finished 43. He for Canada two years ago and I .him since. A. left/ didn’t see B. has left/ didn’t see C. left/ don’t see D.left/ haven’t seen 44. I .Nick lately. Ye, he into an accident 3 weeks ago. Since that time he .in hospital. A. didn’t see/got/was B. haven’t see/got/was C. haven’t see/got/ has been D. haven’t seen / has got/ has been 45. It .this week. A. rained B. has rained C. was raining D. has been having 46. The rain .but a strong wind is still blowing. A. stops B. has stopped C. stopped D. is stopping 47.Look! That man .to open the door of your car. A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried 48. Patricia .now. Please do not disturb her. A. is sleeping B. was sleeping C. sleeps D. has slept. 49. A child can easily. A. remembered B. remember C. remembers D. remembering 50. I haven’t seen much of you lately. We three months ago. A. meet B. last met C. have last met D. has last met 51. She at the door before she entered the office. A. has knocked B. knocks C. have knocked D.had knocked 52. The boy when the explosion occurred A. is sleeping B. slept C. was sleeping D. sleeps 53. .everything already? Yes, he his part of work long ago. A. Has he done B. Did he do/has done C. Has he done/ did D. Did he do/ did 54. She .this exercise yesterday at 8 o’clock. A. wrote B. has written C. has writing D. was writing 55. I the article when I come home. A. translate B. will translate C. translated D. was translating 56. Her brother in Canada at the moment A. working B. works C. work D. is working 57. I you for ages. A. didn’t meet B. wasn’t meeting C. has met D. haven’t met 58. We will have supper when you home. A. return B. returned C. have returned D. were returning 59. The library before I got there. A. closed B. has closed C. had closedD. have closed 60.The Olympic Games .every four years. A. take place B. took place C. is taking place D. will take place 61. She very angry when she knows this A. shall be B. has been C. was D. will be 62. They .to build a new McDonalds in several days. A. will start B. have started C. started D. starts 63. last night, I a motorbike along a busy street in the center when I saw some strangers. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 9
10. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A. was rode B. were riding C. was riding D. rode 64. I swim in this river when I was young. A. used to B. am use to C. use to D. am used to 65. When you the car, you’ll agree with me about it. A. saw B. have been C. see D. was seeing 66. When I was young, I to be a singer. A. want B. was wanting C. wanted D. had wanted 67. Ted and Tomy in New York for a week. A. have gone B. have been C. are D. was 68. Sorry, I can’t stop now. I’m going the doctor. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. is seeing 69. The books, an English dictionary and a chemistry text, on the shelf yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. are 70. Have you ever any skiing? A. do B. doing C. did D. done 71. They .that bridge when I was there last year, they haven’t finished it. A. are building B. built C. was building D. were building 72. I about you a lot lately and I have come to the conclusion that I won’t be able to live without you. A. have think B. have thought C. thought D. think 73. They .only 25 new students into the department in 1994. A. admit B. were admit C. admitted D. have admiited 74. The Ajax Shoe Company 25 new men next month. A. employs B. employed C. will employ D. employ 75. He to the theater three times this month. A was B. is C. will be D. has been 76. He the experiment when the lights went out A. was making B. made C. makes D. will make 77. Think carefully. I’m sure you .his name. A. remember B. remembered C. will remember D. shall remember 78. last night we were watching television when the power A. failed B. was failing C. had failed D. failing 79. The noise from the trains .me terribly last night. A. annoy B. were annoying C. annoied D. annoyed 80. We .for three hours and are very tired. A. walk B. have walked C. walked D. had walked 81. “Good afternoon. Can I help you?” Yes, I .my watch to you for repair three weeks ago. Is it ready yet? A. bring B. will bring C. brought D. have brought 82. He had a bad fall while he his roof. A. was repairing B. repaired C. repairs D. will repair 83. The food in the microwave oven ready to be served now. A. is B. were C. are D. is being 84. Mary will finish the work when her father A. returns B. will return C. returned D. was returning 85. My brother in Vietnam and he home once a year. A. work/returns B. work/return C. works/returns D. works/return 86. The test in ten minutes’time. You must hurry. A. began B. begin C. will begin D. has begun 87. She kept looking at me while I .to the teacher. A. were talking B. was talking C. talked D. talking 88. His first article .in Le Monde in October 1928. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 10
11. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A. appears B. appear C. appeared D. didn’t appeared 89. “Mother, I .my medicine. Can I go out now?” A. have taken B. had taken C. has taken D. will have taken 90. Don’t all the time. People willnot be fooled by you twice. A. lying B. lie C. lied D. lies 91. The teacher .our class two tests so far. A. have given B. gave C. gives D. has given 92. They .this film last week. A. have seen B. saw C. were seeing D. see 93. I think he the letter. A. answers B. answering C. will answer D is answer 94. They bored with listening to classical musicnow. A. are B. were C. have been D. will be 95. It is the first time I this place A. have visited B. visited C. will vist D. had visited 96. I have just started English courses. I English grammar now. A. study B. studying D. am studied D. am studying 97. She .of great help to us since she with us. A. has been / has lived B. has been/ lived C. was/ has lived D. was/lived 98. She used me when she was in London. A. phone B. phoned C. to phone D. to phoning 99. Dotors and scientists recently the benefit of fish in the diet. A. have shown B. show C. are showing D. had shown 100. I dinner at 6 o’clock yesterday evening. A. cooked B. is cooking C. was cooing D. have cooked Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 11
12. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 TENSES + PASSIVE FORM + PREPOSITION I. PASSIVE FORM Câu bị động: a. Cách dùng: Miêu tả những sự kiện xảy ra với người và vật thường bị tác động bởi người và vật khác. Chúng ta dùng động từ ở câu bị động khi chúng ta quan tâm đến hành động hơn, khi chúng ta khơng biết người hành động hoặc khi thấy khơng nhất thiết phải đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động. b. Cấu trúc chung: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE c. Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu chủ động sang câu bị động: - Tân ngữ trong câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động - BE được chia theo thì của động từ ở câu chủ động. - Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động làm tân ngữ của câu bị động và thêm giới từ by trước nĩ Active: S + V + O Passive: S + BE + PP +( by +O) . Chú ý: - Khơng thể đổi câu chủ động sang câu bị động nếu động từ trong câu chủ động khơng cĩ túc từ. Ex: The plane landed 1 hour ago. - Nếu động từ trong câu chủ động cĩ 2 túc từ, khi chuyển sang bị động, ta lấy bất kì túc từ nào xuống làm chủ từ cũng được. Ex: He gave me a present. - Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và trạng từ chỉ thể cách trong câu chủ động Một số lưu ý: * Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian và thể cách trong câu bị động. S + { BE} + PP + ( adv. of place ) + (by + O) + (avd. of time). VD:Lan bought this hat in Ha Noi last month. This hat was bought in Ha Noi by Lan last month. S + { BE } + ( adv. of manner ) + PP + (by + O) VD: Nam treats his dog badly Nam’s dog is badly treated. * By + them, people, everyone, someone, everything, me, you, him, her, us được lược bỏ trong câu bị động. - Nếu chủ ngữ của câu chủ dộng là: No one. Nobody : thì câu bị động ở thể phủ định Adv. of place: trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn Adv. of time: trạng từ chỉ thời gian Adv. of manner: trạng từ chỉ thể cách Ex: 1). Tom visited Mary yesterday. 2). Hoa put the book on the shelf. 3). They did that work slowly. - Bỏ BY + O trong câu bị động khi nĩ cĩ thể được hiểu ngầm, khi mơ hồ hoặc khơng quan trọng. Ex: People speak English in many countries in the world. - Khơng được tách hoặc bỏ các phần tử của động từ kép. (look up, take off, ) khi chuyển sang câu bị động. Ex: Dung looked after my son yesterday. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 12
13. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 - Nếu câu chủ động cĩ hình thức: S + V + O + bare_inf (động từ nguyên mẫu khơng TO) khi chuyển sang câu bị động, nguyên mẫu khơng TO phải chuyển thành nguyên mẫu cĩ to. Ex: My father made me do that work. . d. Cấu trúc cụ thể của câu bị động ở các thì của động từ.Thể bị động với các thì thơng dụng Hiện tại đơn S + am/is/are + PP + (by + O) Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + being + PP + (by + O) Hiện tại hồn thành S + has / have been + PP + (by + O) Quá khứ đơn S + was / were + PP + (by + O) Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was / were + being + PP + (by + O) Quá khứ hồn thành S + had + been + PP + (by + O) Tương lai đơn S + will / shall + be + PP + (by + O) Tương lai hồn thành S + will / shall + have been + PP + (by + O) * Thì hiện tại đơn giản: Active: S + V + O Vs/Ves Passive: S + is / are / am + PP /V-ed (by + O) Cột 3 Ví dụ: Lan cleans the house every day. S V O → The house is cleaned by Lan every day. * Thì qúa khứ đơn giản: Active: S + V-ed / Cột 2 + O (by + O) Passive: S + was / were + PP EX: Nam Cao wrote this book years ago S V O → This book was written by Nam Cao years ago. * Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn: Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am / is / are + being + PP /V-ed (by + O) Ex: My mother is planting some trees in the garden now → Some trees are being planted in the garden by my mother now. * Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn: Active: S + was/ were + V-ing + O Passive:S + was / were + being + PP /V-ed (by + O) Ex: She was decorating the room at 8 a.m last Sunday. → The room was being decorated at 8 a.m last Sunday. * Thì tương lai gần : Active: S + am / is / are + going to + V +O Passive: S + am / is / are + going to be + PP V-ed (by + O) Ex: He is going to whitewash the walls .→ Thewalls are going to be whitewashed Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 13
14. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 * Thì tương lai đơn giản: Active: S + will + V + O Passive: S + will + be + PP . Ex: They will build a cinema here next year. .→ A cinema will be built here nex year * Thì hiện tại hồn thành: Active: S + have / has + V-PP / V-ed Passive: S + have / has + been + PP / V-ed . (by + O) Ex: We have used this car for five years → This car has been used for five years * Quá khứ hồn thành Active: S + had + V-PP /V-ed + O Passive: S + had been + PP /V-ed . (by + O) Ex: She had typed the letter by 9 pm yesterday. .→ The letter had been typed by 9 pm yesterday. * Các động từ khuyết thiếu: - S + should / may / might / can / could / must / ought to / would + be + PP - S + have to / has to + be + PP (by + O) Ex: We have to feed the p[igs every day. → The pigs have to be fed every day - S + Used to + be + PP (by + O): Ex: They used to call me “John” → I used to be called “John” Các nội động từ (Động từ khơng yêu cầu 1 tân ngữ nào) khơng được dùng ở bị động. My leg hurts. Đặc biệt khi chủ ngữ chịu trách nhiệm chính của hành động cũng khơng được chuyển thành câu bị động. The US takes charge: Nước Mỹ nhận lãnh trách nhiệm Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng by nhưng nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng with. The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter. Trong một số trường hợp to be/to get + P2 hồn tồn khơng mang nghĩa bị động mà mang 2 nghĩa: Chỉ trạng thái, tình huống mà chủ ngữ đang gặp phải. Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone. He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday. Chỉ việc chủ ngữ tự làm lấy The little boy gets dressed very quickly. - Could I give you a hand with these tires. - No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts. Mọi sự biến đổi về thời và thể đều nhằm vào động từ to be, cịn phân từ 2 giữ nguyên. to be made of: Được làm bằng (Đề cập đến chất liệu làm nên vật) This table is made of wood to be made from: Được làm ra từ (đề cập đến việc nguyên vật liệu bị biến đổi khỏi trạng thái ban đầu để làm nên vật) Paper is made from wood to be made out of: Được làm bằng (đề cập đến quá trình làm ra vật) This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk. to be made with: Được làm với (đề cập đến chỉ một trong số nhiều chất liệu làm nên vật) This soup tastes good because it was made with a lot of spices. to be made in: Được sản xuất ở đâu (xuất xứ của hàng hố, máy mĩc) This car is made in Japan. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 14
15. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 to be made into: Được làm ra chất gì (chỉ sự tái chế) Vegetable matter is made into compost. 1. TO WANT TO DO ST => TO WANT ST TO BE DONE Ex: The teacher wants us to answer all the questions. =>The teacher wants all the questions to be answered. 2. TO EXPECT SB TO DO ST => TO EXPECT ST TO BE DONE Ex: She expected them to finish all the exercises. =>All the exercises were expected to be finished 3. SB ADVISE/REQUEST/INVITE/BEG/URGE/ORDER/RECOMMEND TO DO ST =>SOMEONE +BE+ ADVISED/REQUESTED/INVITED/BEGGED/ URGED/RECOMMENDED . TO DO ST Ex: she invited us to come to her party => we were invited to come to her party 4. SB AGREE /ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE /ADVISE/ BEG/ URGE/ ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ .TO DO ST =>SB AGREE / ARRANGE /DETERMINE /DECIDE/ ADVISE/BEG/ URGE/ORDER/ RECOMMEND/ THAT ST SHOULD BE DONE. Ex: he decided to sell the house. => he decided that the house should be sold 5. SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST/ + V_ing =>SB INSIST/ PROPOSE/ RECOMMEND/ SUGGEST THAT ST SHOULD BE DONE. Ex: they advise giving up smoking. => they advise that smoking should be given up. 6. SB NEED TO DO ST => ST NEED V-ing/ ST NEED TO BE DONE Ex: she needs to water the flowers. => the flowers need watering/ The flowers need to be watered. 7. SB THINK/ SAY/ REPORT/BELIEVE/ KNOW THAT SOMEONE DO ST/THAT ST + BE+ NOUN/ADJ =>IT + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN THAT SOMEONE DO ST =>ST + BE+ THOUGHT/SAID/REPORTED/ BELIEVED/ KNOWN TO DO/TO BE + Ex: All of us think that she is the most intelligent girl in class. =>It is thought that she is the most intelligent girl in class. =>she is thought to be the most intelligent girl in class. 8. SB MAKE/ LET/ SEE SOMEONE DO ST =>SOMEONE IS MADE/LET/ SEEN TO DO ST EX: they let him know the truth. =>He is let to know the truth 9. TO HAVE SB DO ST/ TO GET SB TO DO ST =>TO HAVE ST DONE EX: the teacher had his pupils bring all the chairs in. =>the teacher had all the chair brought in. 10. IT + BE + YOUR DUTY TO DO ST =>YOU + BE+ SUPPOSED TO DO ST EX: it is your duty to help him in his study =>you are supposed to help him in his study Sb + V + to + Vinf ==> Sb + V + tobe done. Sb + V + V_ing ==> Sb + V + being + done Bị động cách là cách đặt câu trong đĩ chủ ngữ đứng vai bị động. @. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt khác: a. Một số động từ đặc biệt: remember; want; try; like, hate Ví dụ: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active) Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 15
16. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive) Ví dụ: She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(active) She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (passive) Ví dụ: She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (action) She likes being told the truth. (passive) @. Một số Trường hợp đặc biệt nguyên mẫu cĩ TO: Suppose; see; make; Ví dụ: You are supposed to learn English now. (passive) = It is your duty to learn English now. (active) = You should learn English now. (active) Ví dụ: His father makes him learn hard. (active) He is made to learn hard. (passive) Ví dụ: You should be working now.(active) You are supposed to be working now.(passive) Ví dụ: People believed that he was waiting for his friend (active). He was believed to have been waiting for his friend.(passive) Exercise1: Change the following sentences into the passive voice 1. The council has postponed the meeting 2. Alexandre Eiffel designed the Eiffel Tower for the Paris World’s Fair of 1889. 3. Miss Lan was doing that work at 10 a.m yesterday. 4. They will recycle the waste paper in a local factory. 5. By this time next year, Hong will have finished the course. Extra exercise: 1. The police is questioning him. He 2. I will take care of the baby. The baby 3. Citizens ought to obey the country’s law. The country’s law 4. My parents made me do it. I 5. We have made great progress in our economy in the last few years. Great progress  Các dạng câu bị động đặc biệt Mẫu 1: Người ta nĩi rằng Câu chủ động S V THAT-CLAUSE    Câu bị động IT BE + P.P THAT-CLAUSE Giải thích: V: là những động từ như: SAY, THINK, BELIEVE, EXPECT, CONSIDER, RUMOUR S: thường là những từ như: PEOPLE, THEY, SOMEONE Ex: People say that he is a good doctor. => It is said that he is a good doctor. => He is said to be a good doctor. Mẫu 2: Câu chủ động Sa Va THAT Sb Vb Ob    Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 16
17. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 TO + INF Câu bị động S BE + P.P_ O b Va TO + HAVE + PP b Giải thích: 1. Nếu Vb là hiện tại hoặc tương lai: TO + INF Ex: People believe that she does that work very carefully. She is believed to do that work very carefully. 2. Nếu Vb là quá khứ hoặc hồn thành: TO + HAVE + PP Ex: They think that he stole that bicycle yesterday. He is thought to have stolen that bicycle yesterday. Exercise: 1. People say that he beats his wife. He 2. He is said to have escaped to a remote country. It is 3. People say tortoises live longer than elephants. It Tortoises They think that he was innocent. He 4. People believe that he will win. It 5. People say that he is a famous doctor. It He . 6. They thought that Mary had gone away. It . Mary . Mẫu 3: Thể nhờ bảo Câu chủ động have V (bare) S O O get (person) To–inf (thing)  have Câu bị động S O P.P by + O get (thing) (person) Ex1: My parents are going to have my brother wash the clothes tomorrow. => My brother is going to have the clothes washed my parents by tomorrow. Ex2: Did you get him to clean the floor yesterday? Was he gotten the floor cleaned yesterday? Ex3: I have him repair my bicyle yesterday. => I had my bicyle repaired yesterday Exercise3: 1. I had my shoes polished. I had the boy I got the boy 2. Tom is getting the newspaper brought to her. Tom is having someone 3. He has got his shirt washed He has had someone 4. I asked someone to draw the plan for the living room. I had the plan 5. No one cleans the kitchen for us everyday. We don’t get Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 17
18. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 6. I have him repair my bicylce yesterday. I Exercise 4:Change the following sentences into the passive voice 1. They can’t make tea with cold water. 2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant. 3. Somebody has taken some of my books away. 4. They will hold the meeting before the May Day. 5. They have to repair the engine of the car. 6. The boys took away some pictures. 7. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day. 8. They may use this room for the classroom. 9. The teacher is going to tell the story. 10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife. 11. He has provided the victims with food and clothing. 12. You mustn’t used this machine after 5.30 pm 13. They told the new students where to sit. 14. John used to visit Mr Cole at weekends. 15. my father won’t collect me at the station tomorrow. 16. She ought to do all the housework. 17. my mother had written the letter before 1985. 18. I am cleaning my room. 19. They should phone her before the meeting. 20. Somebody has cleaned the room. 21. Bill is using the computer at the moment. 22. They cancelled all flights because of fog. 23. They pay designers a lot of money. 24. When did they decorate your kitchen ? 25. We have to test these products . Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 18
19. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 26. Somebody was recording our conversations. 27. How do people pronounce this word ? 28. They export bananas to Europe. Exercise 5:Change the following sentences into the passive voice : Yes – No questions: 1. Do they teach English here? 2. Will you invite her to your wedding party? 3. Did the teacher give some exercises? 4. Is he going to write a poem? 5. Have they changed the window of the laboratory? 6. Is Tom making big cakes for the party? 7. Must we finish the test before ten? 8. Are the police making inquires about the thief? Exercise 6:Change the following sentences into the passive voice : Wh-question: 1. When will you do the work? . 2. How many days did she spend finishing the work? 3. Why didn’t they help him? 4. Who are they keeping in the kitchen? . 5. Who did the police find the lost man? . 6. Who looked after the children for you? . Exercise 7: Change the following sentences into the active voice Sentences of imperative: 1. Open your book. . 2. Take off your hat! . 3. Don’t do that silly thing again! 4. let’s tell them about it! 5. Don’t let the other see you. II. PREPOSITION Above, over on to from through into out of by Below, under Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 19
20. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on , in , from to, for, by, after, between, till, until . a. At + một thời điểm cụ thể. VD: at night/ three o’clock in the afternoon b. In + tháng / năm / mùa VD: In 1978 / June / summer In + the morning / afternoon / evening c. On + ngày trong tuần / ngày tháng năm. VD : on Monday / January 4th, 2007 d. From to : từ đến from + điểm thời gian + to + điểm thời gian VD: We have classes from 7 o’clock to 11.15. e. For + khoảng thời gian: VD: for two hours , a week f. By + một điểm thời gian: trước VD: by five o’clock g. After + time: VD: after breakfast / lunch / dinnet h. Between + điểm thời gian + and + điểm thời gian: khoảng từ đến Between + 2 sự kiện i. Till / Until + điểm thời gian: đến luc, đến khi. 2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: a. On: * ở trên (chạm vào, sát vào, bao phủ hoặc tạo thành một phần của bề mặt. VD: On the wall / grass / table. * ở ( một đại lộ, một con đường) VD: on Tran Hung Dao Street. * ở trên / trong hoặc một phương tiện chuyên chở. VD: on the plane / train * trên / dựa trên VD: on his back, on horse back b. At + địa chỉ : VD: at 10 Ngo Quyen Street. c. In + tên nước, tỉnh, thành phố. VD: in viet Nam, in Ho Chi Minh city. d. Một số giới từ chỉ vị trí khác: above ( bên trên), around ( xung quanh), behind (đằng sau), below ( bên dưới), beside (bên cạnh), between (ở giữa), far from (ở xa), in front of (trước mặt), in the middle of ( ở giữa), inside (bên trong), near (gần), next to (bên cạnh), on the top of (trên đỉnh), outside (bên ngồi), under (bên dưới). III. ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION 1. Adjective + about: Worried about: lo lắng Annoyed about: Phiền tối Nervous about: lo lắng Happy /sad about; Vui /buồn Excited about: hồi hộp Angry about : giận về việc gì Upset about: bực tức Furious about: giận dữ Sorry about 2. Adjective + of: Afraid of: sợ , e ngại Full of: đầy những Frightened of: sợ hãi Short of: cạn kiệt Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 20
21. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Terrified of: sợ hãi Jealous of: ghen tỵ với Scared of:sợ hãi Envious of: ghen tỵ với Fond of: thích Capable / incapable of: cĩ khả năng/ khơng cĩ khả Tired of: chán năng Proud of: tự hào Aware / conscious of: ý thức về Ashamed of: hổ thẹn Confident of: tin tưởng 3. Adjective + at: - Good / bad/ excellent/ clever at (= giỏi / tốt / xuất sắc/ khéo léo về ) - surprised/ astonished/ amazed/ shocked at (or by): kinh ngạc - skilful at: cĩ kỹ năng về - clumsy at: vụng về - annoyed at : khĩ chựu về 4. Adjective + for: - availaible: cĩ sẵn - ready for; sẵn sàng - difficult for: khĩ - Responsible for: chựu trách nhiệm về việc - late for: muộn gì - dangerous for: nguy hiểm - good for: tốt - famous for / well-known for: nổi tiếng - convenient for: thuận tiện - suitable for: phù hợp - qualified for: cĩ phẩm chất - sorry for: xin lỗi - Necessary for: cần thiết - helpful for / useful for: cĩ lợi / cĩ ích - grateful for st: biết ơn về 5. Adjective + with: Fed up with/ bored with: chán Contrasted with: tương phản Satisfied with: hài lịng Popular with: phổ biến Delighted with: phấn khởi Familiar with: quen thuộc với ai Disappointed with; thất vọng Pleased with:hài lịng Crowded/ overcrowded with: đơng đúc Furious with: phẫn nộ Covered with: bao phủ Busy with: bận Angry with: giận dữ Friendly; thân mật Acquainted with: làm quen với 6. Adjective + in: - interested in: thích, quan tâm về - rich in: giàu về - successful in:thành cơng - confident in sb: tin cậy vào ai 7. Adjective + from: - Absent from: vắng mặt - different from: khác - far from: xa - safe from: an tồn - Divorced from: ly dị, làm xa rời 8. Adjective + to: Nice/kind/polite/ generous/ friendly/ unfriendly to Harmful to: cĩ hại Similar to: tương tự Be married/ engaged to sb (= thành hơn/ đính hơn) Note: Nice/kind/polite/ generous of sb to do st 9. Adjective + on: Keen on: + n/ V-ing: say mê Dependent on + n/ V-ing: lệ thuộc Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 21
22. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 10. Một số trường hợp cần lưu ý: - be tired of: chán EX: I’m tired of doing the same work every day - be tired from:mệt mỏi Ex: I’m tired from walking for a long time - be grateful to sb for st :biết ơn ai về vấn đề gì Ex: I’m grateful to you for your help - be responsible to sb for st: chựu trách nhiệm với ai về việc gì Ex: you have to be responsible to me for your actions IV. VERB + PREPOSITION 1. VERBS + FOR: - apply for: xin việc - leave for:dời để - ask for; yêu cầu - search: tìm kiếm - Look for: tìm kiếm - pay for: trả tiền - Thank for: cảm ơn - wait for: đợi 2. verbs + to: - Belong to: thuộc về - explain to;giải thích - listen to: nghe - Apologize to: xin lỗi - happen to: xảy ra với - prefer to: thích hơn - write to: viết - complain to sb about st: phàn nàn Speak to: nĩi - talk to: nĩi 3. verbs + on: Depend on: lệ thuộc vào / Rely on: tin cậy / Live on: sống nhờ vào 4. verbs + at: - look at: /- glance at: liếc nhìn vào / - smile at: cuời / - laugh at;cuời / - Shout at: la lối - Point at: chĩa /- aim: nhằm 5. Verbs + of: Consist of : bao gồm Complain to sb of / about st: phàn nàn - die of/ from: chết vì - think of/ about: nghĩ - approve of: tán thành - - accuse sb of st: tố cáo - admire sb of st: khâm phục ai 6. Others: - Look after + take care of: chăm sĩc - agree with: đồng ý - be/ get used to: quen - borrow st from sb; muợn - suffer from; chựu đựng - participate in: tham gia - look up / for/ at/ forward to/ : - Object to sb/ V-ing: phản đối - put on/ off/: mặc/ hỗn lại - call off: huỷ bỏ - blame sb for st: đỗ lỗi - stand for: tượng trưng - belong to: thuộc về - differ from: khác - congratulate sb on st: chúc mừng - introduce to sb: giới thiệu - arrive at (station, bus, stop ) địa điểm nhỏ - escape from:thốt khỏi - arrive in (London, Paris, Viet Nam ) địa điểm - insist on: khăng khăng lớn - prevent from: ngăn chặn - turn into/ change into: hố ra - succeed in: thành cơng về - bring up: nuơi lớn V. PREPOSITION + NOUN: 1. ON On + thứ trong tuần/ ngàytrong tháng. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 22
23. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ví dụ: I will call you on Thursday. His birthday is on February 3. On + a/the + phương tiện giao thơng (bus/ plane/ train/ ship/ bike). Ví dụ: It’s two late to see Jane; she’s already on the plane. I came to school this morning on the bus. On a street : ở tại phố. Ví dụ: I lives on 1st Ngọc khánh. On + the + số thứ tự + floor: ở tầng thứ. Ví dụ: My girlfriend lives on the fourth floor of an old building by my house. On time : đúng giờ (bất chấp hồn cảnh bên ngồi). Ví dụ: Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time. On the corner (of two street) : gĩc giữa 2 phố. Ví dụ: My house is on the corner of NK street and ND street. On the corner at the corner in the corner On the sidewalk : trên vỉa hè. Ví dụ: Don’t walk in the street, walk on the sidewalk. On the way : trên đường tới >< on the way back to: trên đường trở về. Ví dụ: We can stop at the grocery store on the way to their house. On the right/ left : ở bên trái/ bên phải. Ví dụ: Paul sits on the left side of the room and Dave sits on the right. On television/ (the) radio: trên truyền hình/ trên đài phát thanh. Ví dụ: The president’s “State of the Union Address” will be on television and on the radio tonight. On the telephone (on the phone): nĩi trên điện thoại, gọi điện thoại, nhà cĩ mắc điện thoại. Ví dụ: Is your house on the telephone ? - nhà cậu cĩ mắc điện thoại khơng? Janet will be here soon; she is on the telephone. On the whole = in general : nĩi chung. Ví dụ: On the whole, the rescue mission was well executed. On the other hand: tuy nhiên. on the one hand on the other hand : một mặt mặt khác. Ví dụ: The present perfect aspect is never used to indicate a specific time; on the other hand, the simple past tense is. On sale 1- for sale : cĩ bán, để bán. 2- bán hạ giá. Ví dụ: The house will go on sale this weekend. The regular price of the radio is $39.95, but today it’s on sale for $25. On foot: đi bộ. Ví dụ: My car would not start so I came on foot. * on fire: đang cháy * On a diet: ăn kiêng 2. AT at - ở tại (thường là bên ngồi, khơng xác định bằng in) Ví dụ: Jane is at the bank. At + số nhà. Ví dụ: George lives at 565 16th Avenue. At + thời gian cụ thể. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 23
24. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ví dụ: The class begin at 5:15. At + home/ school/ work : ở nhà/ ở trường/ đang làm việc. Ví dụ: Charles is at work and his roommate is at school. At night, they are usually at home. At + noon/ night: vào ban trưa/ vào ban đêm. at noon (Mỹ) : đúng 12h trưa. At least : tối thiểu > < be up to date (mới, cập nhật, hợp thời) Don’t use that dictionary. It is out of date. Find one that is up to date. be out of work : thất nghiệp. I have been very unhappy since I have been out of work. be out of the question : khơng thể được. Your request for an extension of credit is out of the question. be out of order: hỏng. We had to use our neighbour’s telephone because ours was out of order. 5. BY Động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua. Động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần, ở bên. by + thời gian cụ thể : trước lúc. Ví dụ: We usually eat supper by six o’clock in the evening. By được dùng trong câu bị động để chỉ ra chủ thể gây hành động. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 24
25. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ví dụ: Romeo and Juliet was writen by William Shakespeare. By + phương tiện giao thơng (bus/ plane/ train/ car/ ship/ bike). Ví dụ: We traveled to Boston by train. By then : trước lúc đĩ. Ví dụ: I will graduate from the university in 1997. By then, I hope to have found a job. By way of = via : theo đường. Ví dụ: We are driving to Atlanta by way of Baton Rouge. By the way : 1- tình cờ. Ví dụ: By the way, I’ve got two tickets for Saturday’s game. Would you like to go with me? 2- nhân đây, tiện đây. By far + tính từ so sánh : (dùng để nhấn mạnh). Ví dụ: This book is by far the best on the subject. By accident / by mistake : tình cờ. >< on purpose (cố tình). Ví dụ: Nobody will receive a check on Friday because the wrong cards were put into the computer by accident. * by heart: học thuộc lịng 6.IN In (ở trong, ở tại) - nghĩa xác định hơn at: In a room/ building/ drawer/ closet : bên trong Ví dụ: Your socks are in the drawer. In + năm/ tháng. Ví dụ: His birthday is in April. I will begen class in 1998. In time : đúng giờ -vừa vặn. Ví dụ: We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane left. In the street: dưới lịng đường. Ví dụ: The children were warned not to play in the street. In the morning / afternoon/ evening : vào buổi sáng/ buổi chiều/ buổi tối. Ví dụ: I have a dental appointment in the morning, but I will be free in the afternoon. In the past/ future: trong quá khứ/ tương lai. Ví dụ: In the past, attendance at school was not compulsory, but it is today. In future : từ nay trở đi. Ví dụ: I will spend much time on learning English in future because the TOEFL test is coming. In the beginning/ end. : thoạt đầu/ rốt cuộc = at first/ at last. Ví dụ: Everyone seemed unfriendly in the beginning but in the end everyone made friends. In the way : chắn ngang lối, đỗ ngay lối. Ví dụ: He could not park his car in the driveway because another car was in the way. Once in a while : thỉnh thoảng, đơi khi. Ví dụ: Once in a while, we eat dinner at Chiness restaurant. In no time at all: trong nháy mắt, trong 1 thống. Ví dụ: George finishes his assignment in no time at all. In the meantime = meanwhile : trong lúc đĩ. Ví dụ: We start school in several weeks, but in the meantime, we can take a trip. In the middle : ở giữa (địa điểm). Ví dụ: Grace stood in the middle of the room looking for her friend. In the army/ air force/ navy. Trong quân đội/ trong khơng lực/ trong hải quân. In the + số thứ tự + row : ở hàng ghế thứ. Ví dụ: We are going to sit in the fifteen row of the auditorium. In the event that : trong trường hợp. Ví dụ: In the event that you win the prize, you will be notified by mail. In case : để phịng khi, để ngộ nhỡ. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 25
26. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ví dụ: I will give you the key to the house so you will have it in case I arrive a little late. Be/ get in touch/ contact with : tiếp xúc, liên lạc, gặp gỡ với ai. Ví dụ: It’s very difficult to get in touch with Jenny because she works all day. In fact: = actually: thực ra In general: nĩi chung In meantime: đồng thời BÀI TẬP: I. Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition. 1. Maryam was really impressed the beauty of Hue. 2. It seems difficult me to meet her now. 3. He doesn't depend his parents. 4. If you have any trouble, ask help. 5. This guidebook is full useful information. 6. We still keep in touch each other although we live away each other. 7. He will go to China the end this week. 8. She went out saying a word. 9. What do you often do the weekends? 10. She was born September 15th. 11. Don’t laugh her or she’ll get angry. 12. It’s very difficult to find work ___the moment. 13. In many ways you take ___your mother. 14. Parents are naturally anxious ___their children. 15. I’m sure you will succeed ___this entrance test. 16. We try to prevent people ___littering. 17. I’m going to complain to the principal ___this 18. This computer is still ___guarantee. 19. Money is not essential ___happiness. 20. She is ___far the best teacher I have ever had. 21. - Where's your father? - He's work. 22. We're talking to Lan's family. 23. A farmer works hard morning night. 24. My mother is a teacher . She works a primary school. 25. Mr Tuan is a journalist. He writes " Nhan Dan". 26. I found a place us to live in Hue. 27. It is the highest building the city center . 28. Bob and I come the same town but my accent is different his 29. At present John is staying his brother's family the city center, very far his parents. 30. Do you know the name the new student our class ? 31. I was born January 1st, 1993. 32. It often rains October in Vietnam. 33. What are you going to do 2004? 34. I don't know but I am going to go to college September this year. 35. You want to watch the sky sunset? 36. Sure. And I like to go for a walk sunrise, too. 37. Well, let's go for a walk the weekends. 38. I don't know what is he doing this moment. 39. She often hears some strange noise midnight. 40. Does it rain Spring ? 41. How long are you going to stay here? Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 26
27. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 - I can speak English fluently. 42. We'll know the result of the exam three weeks. 43. Robert is going to stop work next February. 44. You can meet me 7.15 and 8.00. 45. Does your brother really enjoy working night? 46. - Is the conference a weekday? 47. We’re always proud ___ your success. 48. His breakfast consists ___ dry bread and a cup of tea. 49. Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow? – It depends ___ the weather. 50. The park was named ___ a young hero, Le Van Tam. 51. In the 18th century jean cloth was made completely ___ cotton. 52. Children’s shoes usually wear ___ very quickly. 53. The price of oil has gone ___ by over 30%. 54. Vietnamese women today often wear modern clothing ___ work, because it’s more convenient. 56. We can see many stars . .the sky at night. 57. You remind me my sister. 58. They have only been there a few minutes. 59. The canoe overturned and everyone fell the deep water. 60. How going to Ben Thanh Market this afternoon? 61. I couldn’t meet Mrs. Chi because she's 62. I'll come to pick her at 8 o'clock. 63. They named their daughter their favorite singers. 64. The passage is written English. 65. Whom does she fall . love ? 66. Why are you always jealous .the disabled? 67. He is just getting .his severe illness. 68. He complained the children the mess they've made. 69. My parents first went Greek a short holiday 2003. 70. Measuring money must be very difficult to carry . 71. In this respect, French differs English. 72. I'll come to pick her up at 8 o'clock. 73. The passage is written English . 74. Mr Duc Thanh is thinking of exporting rice India. 75. As I was coming out of the room, I collided somebody who was coming in. 76. The people next door are furious us making so much noise last night. 77. When I realized I was wrong. I apologized them my mistake. 78. She works quite hard. You can’t accuse her being lazy. 79. It’s stupid her to go out without a coat in such cold weather. 80. I was absent class yesterday. II. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D: 1. Malaysia is divided two regions. A. to B. on C. in D. into 2. It's very kind you to say so! A. in B. to C. for D. of 3. Can you tell me how many chapters this book consists ? A. of B. to C. with D. in 4. Jeans have never been fashion because a lot of people are still fond of wearing them. A. out B. of C. out of d. on 5. People like wearing jeans because this material doesn’t wear easily. A. by B. away C. of D. out 6. The material, called jean, was named sailors from Genoa. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 27
28. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 A. as B. after C. to D. with 7. These shoes are made good leather. They are very strong. A. from B. by C. of D. with 8.It seems very dificult to have a trip abroad. A. that I B. to me C. for me D. for I 9.It was very impolite him to shout at the meeting. A. of B. to C. about D. with 10It was very impolite him to shout at the meeting. A. of B. to C. about D. with 11.Lan always walks to school. She goes to school . A. by foot B. with foot C. on foot D. of foot 12.When I first started playing tennis, it was fun. A. for B. of C. as D. in 13.Did he live in the country when you was young? A. use to B. used to C. get used to D. be used to 14.It’s very kind you to help us. Thanks a lot. A. for B. to C. with D. of 15.The hospital building is devided four sections. A. in B. into C. to D. about 16. He is a small boy. He has to depend his parents. A. on B. to C. with D. of 17. Maryam was really impressed the beauty of the city. A. of B. by C. with D. for 18.She arrived four o’clock the afternoon. A. at / on B. in / in C. at / in D. on / in 19.He was a tennis player when he was young. He tennis when he was young. A. plays B. used to play C. has played D. likes to play 20. My sister is studying hard her exam. A. in B. for C. at D. to 21. I have studied English more than three years. A. for B. in C. since D. at 22. I am very proud my school. A. from B. at C. of D. off 23. .He laughs a lot because her funny face. A. of B. off C. in D.on .24. Lan used to walk the mosque her way to primary school. A.toB.on C. in D.at 25. It seems very difficult for me to have a trip abroad. It all depends my parents.Any way we’ll keep touch. A. on-in B. in-in C. on-on D. of-off 27. It’s very cold night .the moon. A. to/in B. in/to C. on/at D. at/on 28. Thuy's grandmother turned the television ___ to see the weather forecast. A. off B. on C. up D. down 29. What are the main differences the tow cities? A. in B. at C. between D. with 30. Remember . the door before you leave. A. to lock B. lock C. locked D. locking 31. She has come here yesterday. A. in B. since C. for D. on 32. Lan didn’t come to the party because she had to look her younger brother. A. at B. for C. forward D. after Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 28
29. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 33. Mrs . Hoa will stay in London Monday Friday . A . between – to B . from – to C. on – until D. on - to 34. It doesn’t rain the dry season. A. on B. at C. in D. between 35. I congratulate him his success. A. in B. at C. with D. on 36. The customer insisted seeing the manager. A. of B. on C. in D. about 37. I was brought .in the countryside by my aunt after my parents had pass A. on/over B. for/ on C. on/ off D. up/ away 38. What is your daughter named . ? – A kind of flower A. after B. on C. in D. from 39. The visitor spoke the subject of wildlife in northern Britain. A. in B. from C. with D. on 40. Sometimes Mr. Pike has to work late .night to do some import-tant experiments. A. in B. at C. for D. on 41. Peter a hurry to go so he did not stop to greet me. A. in B. on C. with D. over 42. Where is Jimmy? – He is work. He is busy his monthly report. A. on/ for B. in/ about C. to / through D. at / with 43. Mary doesn’t mind living .her own. A. with B. by C. on D. at 44. While studying he was financially dependent .his parents. A. to B. on C. of D. from 45. Please don’t enter knocking. A. except for B. while C. with D. without 46. It was very of you to invite me to your birthday party. A. Due to industrialization, we have to cope The fact that many species are .danger .extinction. A. on/ at/ for B. at / upon / over C. for/ on/ with D. with/ in / of 47. Boys! Put your toys it is time to go to bed. Don’t stay late. A. off/ on B. away / up C. down off D. around / for 48. She intended to quit her job to stay home and look her sick mother. A. in/ at B. at / after C. for / over D. up / on 49. He is very worried his new job because he is not quite prepared .working A. on/ over B. to / off C. about / for D. in / at 50. The students are very .of doing a lot of homework. A. bored B. tired C. interested D. good 51. Are you about your examination? A. interested B. fed up C. tired D. worried 52. We are very with the result of the football match. A. excited B. pleased C. worried D. afraid 53. Some people are very of traveling by air. A. worried B. excited C. afraid D. interested 54. While I am waiting my bus, I often listen .music. A. on / at B. for / to C. toward/ about D. upon/ in 55. The final examination will be held June 12th , 2009. A. in B. on C. at D. to 56. How many languages are there the world? A. in B. on C. over D. through 57. Egypt is famous ancient pyramids. A. on B. to C. from D. for Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 29
30. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 58. The boys looks very proud his success at school. A. on B. of C. at D. in 59. When the trucks leave the place, the ground is covered trash. A. in B. by C. with D. of 60. Thuy’s grandma turned the TV to see the weather forecast. A. off B. up C. on D. down 61. The hurricane took several days to blow itself A. in B. out C. down D. off 62. It was the biggest eruption of Vesuvius .some years. A. for B. since C. in D. from 63. On Passover, Jewish people celebrate freedom slavery. A. on B. to C. for D. from 64. There are a lot of parties Christmas. A. in B. at C. on D. for 65. When you are in orbit, you will be able to get of your seat. A. in B. on C. out D. down 66. The crew have been living space for over three months. A. in B. at C. on D. for 67. Do you believe the existence of UFOs ? A. on B. in C. at D. for 68. We are all very fond traveling abroad. A. in B. at C. with D. of 69. He saw that film .7.00 pm .Sunday. A. on/ from B. in /at C. at/at D. at / on 70. The whole family showed for our anniversary celebration. A. on B. down C. up D. off 71. We often go swimming Sunday mornings. A. in B. on C. at D. every 72. My mother is very keen .growing flowers. A. in B. on C. of D. for 73.I believe you will all succeed passing the final exams. A. on B. at C. in D. for 74. This computer isn’t capable running this software. A. in B. on C. of D. at 75. Have you had much experience computers? A. on B. at C. for D. with 76. The New Year is celebrated .midnight .January 1st . A. in/ on B. at / on C. at / in D. in/ in 77. Look at that sign. It says, “Keep No trespassing” A. on B. off C. out D. away 78. Can you turn the volume .a little? I can’t hear it very clearly. A. on B. off C. up D. down 79. My little sister is very good drawing. A. in B. at C. of D. on 80. The children have all worn their shoes. A. in B. on C. with D. out 81. Many accidents are brought .by carelessness. A. about B. up C. along D. into 82. Let’s Concentrate .solving this problem. A. in B. on C. for D. at 83. The United States became independent England in 1776. A. on B. with C. of D. to Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 30
31. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 84. John F. Kennedy was the first President of the United States to be born the twentieth century. A. on B. at C. in D. since 85. Never put till tomorrow what you can do today. A. off B. over C. out D. away 86. Thanks the financial aid he received, he was able to attend the university. A. for B. to C. about D. of 87. I’m afraid I have to leave .a few days’ time. A. in B. on C. at D. after 88. He usually drops to see me at least once a week. A. to B. on C. out D. in 89. Smoking has destructive effect your health. A. for B. in C. on D. to 90. Were you surprised .the grade you received? A. on B. at C. in D. with 91. My car broke at the crossroads and I couldn’t start it again. A. in B. out C. down D. up 92. I’m sorry; I wasn’t paying close attention what you said. A. in B. on C. at D. to 93. If you’re not satisfied your essay, I suggest that you rewrite it. A. with B. of C. to D. at 94. Her electricity ws cut when she didn’t pay her bill A. out B. of C. off D. down 95. People nowadays are interested saving money and natural resources. A. on B. in C. with D. to 96. Poisonous gases are pumped the atmosphere every day. A. onto B. out C. in D. into 97. My shoes are dirty. I’d better take them .before I come in. A away B. up C. on D. off 98. If you go doing that and you’ll end in serious trouble. A. up/ with B. on / up C. off/ with D. out / up 99. They are trying to save the animals .extinction. A. on B. to C. from D. for 100. They didn’t see each other again .the fall. A. since B. in C. from D. until REPORTED SPEECH + TAG QUESTIONS I. REPORTED SPEECH (Lời nĩi gián tiếp) LỜI NĨI TRỰC VÀ GIÁN TIẾP (Dicrect and Indirect Speeches) 1. Giới thiệu: Trong câu trực tiếp thơng tin đi thẳng từ người thứ nhất sang người thứ hai (người thứ nhất nĩi trực tiếp với người thứ hai)Trong lời nĩi trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ của người nĩi dùng. Lời nĩi trực tiếp thường được thể hiện bởi: các dấu ngoặc kép " " - tức là lời nĩi đĩ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép. Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English”. 2- "I love you," she said. Trong câu gián tiếp, thơng tin đi từ người thứ nhất qua người thứ hai đến người thứ ba. Khi đĩ câu cĩ biến đổi về mặt ngữ pháp. He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before. - Nếu động từ chính ở hiện tại đơn, thì hiện tại hồn thành, hoặc tương lai đơn thì trong lời nĩi trích dẫn ta khơng đổi thì của động từ, chỉ đổi đại từ. Ex: 1. The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow”. = The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 31
32. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 2. She has said, “I’m tired now.” = She has said (that) she had lost his umbrella Notes: - Nếu động từ tường thuật là “say”, “tell + O” thì ta thường bỏ “that” trong câu gián tiếp - Nếu động từ tường thuật là “complain, explain, point out ” ta phải giữ lại “that” 2. Những thay đổi trong lời nĩi Trực và Gián tiếp: 2.1 Đổi thì của câu: Thì của các động từ trong lời nĩi gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp): Thì trong Lời nĩi trực tiếp Thì trong Lời nĩi gián tiếp - Hiện tại đơn - Quá khứ đơn - Hiện tại tiếp diễn - Quá khứ tiếp diễn - Hiện tại hồn thành - Quá khứ hồn thành - Hiện tại hồn thành TD - Quá khứ hồn thành TD - Quá khứ đơn - Quá khứ hồn thành - Quá khứ hồn thành - Quá khứ hồn thành (khơng đổi) - Tương lai đơn - Tương lai trong quá khứ - Tương lai TD - Tương lai TD trong quá khứ - Is/am/are going to do - Was/were going to do - Can/may/must do - Could/might/had to do Hãy xem những ví dụ sau đây: He does He did He is doing He was doing He has done He has done He has been doing He had been doing He did He had done He was doing He had been doing He had done He had done He will do He would do He will be doing He would be doing He will have done He would have done He may do He might do He may be doing He might be doing He can do He could do He can have done He could have done He must do/have to doHe had to do 2.2 Các thay đổi khác: a. Thay đổi Đại từ Các đại từ nhân xưng và đại sở hữu khi chuyển từ lời nĩitr ực tiếp sang lời nĩi gián tiếp thay đổi như bảng sau: ĐẠI TỪ CHỨC NĂNG TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP Đại từ Chủ ngữ I he, she nhân xưng we they you they Tân ngữ me him, her us them you them Đại từ Phẩm định my his, her sở hữu our their your their Định danh mine his, her ours theirs yours theirs Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 32
33. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ngồi quy tắc chung về các thay đổi ở đại từ được nêu trên đây, người học cần chú ý đến các thay đổi khác liên quan đến vị trí tương đối của người đĩng vai trị thuật lại trong các ví dụ sau đây: Ví dụ: Jane, "Tom, you should listen to me." + Jane tự thuật lại lời của mình: I told Tom that he should listen to me. + Người khác thuật lại lời nĩi của Jane Jane told Tom that he should listen to her + Người khác thuật lại cho Tom nghe: Jane told you that he should listen to her. + Tom thuật lại lời nĩi của Jane Jane told me that I should listen to her. b. Các thay đổi ở trạng từ khơng gian và thời gian: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp This That That That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tomorrow The next day / the following day The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday The day before / the previous day The day before yesterdayTwo day before Next week The following week Last week The previous week / the week before Last year The previous year / the year before Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: "I saw the school-boy here in this room today." Gián tiếp: She said that she had seen the school-boy there in that room that day. Trực tiếp: "I will read these letters now." Gián tiếp: She said that she would read those letters then. Ngồi quy tắc chung trên dây, người học cần chớ rằng tình huống thật và thời gian khi hành động được thuật lại đĩng vai trị rất quan trọng trong khi chuyển từ lời nĩi trực tiếp sang lời nĩi gián tiếp. c. Các trường hợp khơng đổi thời – Sự thật, sự việc luơn luơn đúng: “The earth moves round the sun” he said. –> He said that the earth moves round the sun. – Câu điều kiện loại II và III: “if I were you, I would leave here” he said. –> He said that if he were me, he would leave there. Ex: He said, “If I had much money, I wouldn’t live here.” = He said if he had much money, he wouldn’t live there. – Wish + past simple/ past perfect: “I wish I lived in Da Nang”, he said. –> He said he wished he lived in Da Nang. – Cấu trúc “it’s time somebody did something”: “it’s time he woke up”, she said. –> She said it was time he woke up. – Would/ should/ ought to/ had better/ used to/might khơng chuyển: Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 33
34. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 “ You’d better work hard” he said –> He said that I had better work hard. - Động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại đơn (say/ says), hiện tại tiếp diễn (is/ are saying ), hiện tại hồn thành (have/ has said) hoặc tương lai đơn (will say) Ex: Tom says, ‘I’m tired’ –> Tom says (that) he’s tired. Has the taxi arrived yet? He was wondering. –>He was wondering if the taxi has arrived yet. - Động từ trong câu nĩi trực tiếp cĩ thời gian xác định. Ex: he said, “I was born in 1980.” = He said that he was born in 1980. d. Các cách chuyển đổi cơ bản A. Say that + a statement –> agree (đồng ý), refuse (từ chối), offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa), threaten + the infinitive (dọa) 1)Say that + a statement –> agree (đồng ý): Ex: “All right, I’ll help you” he said. –> He agreed to help me. 2) refuse to + V :(từ chối): “I will not / won’t + V .” Ex: “ I won’t lend you my car.” She said. She refused to lend me her car Ex: “ Oh, no, I won’t come to your party”, he said. –> He refused to come to my party. 3) offer + to + V: (đề nghị): “Shall I + V (for you)? “Can I help you with .?” “Would you like me to + V (for you)?” “Let me + V + ” Ex: “Let me give you a helping hand.” He said He offered to give me a helping hand. Ex: “I’ll look for the cat for you tomorrow if you like” he said. –> He offered to look after the cat for me the next day if i liked. 4)promise + to + V / not to + V (hứa): “I will + V ” Ex: “I’ll visit your parents when i arrive there”, he said –> He promised to visit my parents when he arrived there. Ex: “ I will visit you.” She said –> She promised to visit me 5)threaten + to- infinitive (dọa): “If you don’t + V ., I will + V .” Ex: “I’ll sell the TV set if you keep on watching it all day”, said the father –> The father threatened to sell the TV set if he kept on watching it all day Ex: “If you don’t give the money, I’ll kiss you.” The robber said. The robber threatened to kill me if I didn’t give him the money. e. Say that + a statement –> accuse of (buộc tội), admit (thừa nhận), apologise for (xin lỗi), deny (từ chối), insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng) 1)accuse of (buộc tội): S + accused + O +of + V-ing Ex:“You stole the jewels” said the inspector –> The inspector accused her of stealing the jewels. Ex: “It’s you who broke my glasses”. The woman said –> The woman accused me of breaking/ having broken her glasses. 2)admit (thừa nhận): S + admitted + V-ing Ex: “I know I’m wrong”. He said –> he admitted being wrong “I’ve made the wall dirty” said one student.–> One student admitted making the wall dirty. 3).apologise for (xin lỗi): “sorry” : S + apologise (to + O) + for + V-ing . Ex: “I’m sorry I’m late” she said.–> She apologized for being late. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 34
35. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 4) deny (từ chối) “I/We + didn’t + V .” : S + denied + V-ing . Ex: “No, we didn’t enter the garden” said the boy.–> The boy denied entering my garden. Ex: He said, “ I didn’t turn on the TV” .–> He denied turning on the TV 5) insist on + V-ing (khăng khăng) Ex:“Certainly, I’ll buy that car for you”, said he.–> He insisted on buying me that car. Ex: “ I really need a break after lunch.” He said –> He insisted on having a break after lunch. f. Say to somebody + a statement –> told somebody + that + clause “I’ve finished all my homework”, he said to me. –> He told me that he had finished all his homework. g. Say + a statement –> said that + clause “I’m going to Hanoi tomorrow”, he said. –> He said that he was going to Hanoi the next day. h. Statement with command, request, advice, invitation, offer –> advise, ask, beg, encourage, invite, order, tell, warn, remind “You’d better hurry”, he said. –> He advised me to hurry. “Post the letter for me, will you?”he said. –> He asked me to post the letter for him. “Make another try, please”, he said. –> He encouraged me to make another try “Don’t drive too fast”, he said. –> He warned me not to drive too fast. “Remember to close the door”, he said. –> He reminded me to close the door. “Don’t forget to come at 6 a.m tomorrow”, he said. –> He reminded to come at 6 a.m the next day. i. Questions in indirect speech – Thời, đại từ, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ chuyển như ở câu tường thuật. – Yes-no questions –> asked/wanted to know if/whether “Are you absent from your classes today?” he asked. –> He asked/wanted to know if I was absent from my classes that day. – Wh-questions –> asked/wanted to know + question word + clause. “Where do you often meet your friends?” she said. –> She asked where i often met my friends. i. Questions with “shall I ”–> 4 loại sau: • About future event (sự kiện trong tương lai) “Shall we attend the meeting tomorrow”, she said. –>She asked if they would attend the meeting the next day • Request for instruction or advice (Lời hướng dẫn hoặc lời khuyên) “Shall i read it, mother?” ha said. –> He asked his mother if he should read it. • Offer to do something “Shall we bring you some new books?” she said. –> She offered to bring me some new books. • Suggest to do something “Shall we go to the cinema tonight”, he said. –> He suggested going to the cinema that night. j. Questions with “Will you, would you, could you ?” (yêu cầu, đề nghị, mời)–> offer, invite, order, ask, told. “ Will you come to my party tomorrow?” he said. –> He invited me to come to his party the next day. “Could you get ready at 6p.m tonight?” he said. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 35
36. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 –> He told/asked me to get ready at 6p.m that night. “Would you like some cigarettes?” he said. –> He offered me some cigarettes. “Will you shut your mouth?” he said. –> He ordered me to shut my mouth. i. Let’s do (Shall we / I/ ?)/ why don’t we/you ? How about + V-ing ?–> suggest + V-ing (nếu bao gồm cả người i thực hiện hành động) Let’s do (Shall we / I/ ?)/ why don’t we/you ? How about + V-ing ?–> suggest + that S should do (cĩ thể bao gồm hoặc khơng bao gồm người thực hiện hành động) “Let’s go to the cinema tonight”, he said. –> He suggested going to the cinema that night. (anh ta cũng đi) –> He suggested that they should go to the cinema that night k. Yes, let’s do –> agree No, let’s not do –> be against the idea. “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother. “Yes, let’s” said the son. “No, let’s not” said the father. –> The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea. l. Must –> had to “i must finish my work tomorrow”, he said. –> He said that he had to finish his work the next day. “Must you go soon?” she said. –> He asked if i had to go soon. m. Câu cảm thán trong lời nĩi gián tiếp • What + a + noun! /how + adj –> said that + clause –> gave an exclamation of delight (vui mừng, tán thưởng), disgust (kinh tởm), honor (sợ), surprise (ngạc nhiên) “How beautiful the picture is”, he said. –> He said that the picture was beautiful –> He gave an exclamation of delight. “What a dirty kitchen!” she said. –> She said that the kitchen was dirty. –> She gave an exclamation of disgust. “How wonderful”, he said. –> He said that it was wonderful. –> He gave an exclamation of surprise. • “Yes/no” –> subject + trợ động từ “Have you finished your homework?”he said “Yes”, she said –> He asked her if she had finished her homework and she said she had. “Are you ready for the exam?” he said. “No”, she said. –> He asked if she was ready for the exam and she said she wasn’t. n. “Thank”–> subject + thanked “Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?”, he said. “thank you, i’d love to” she said. –> He invited her to have dinner with him that night. She thanked him and said she would love to. “Good luck”, he said –> he wished me luck. “Congratulation!”, he said –> he congratulated me. o.Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nĩi gián tiếp. Lời nĩi trực tiếp cĩ thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán: Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 36
37. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Ví dụ: Trực tiếp: She said, "can you play the piano?” and I said”no” Gián tiếp: She asked me if could play the piano and I said that I could not. Bài tập: Chuyển những câu sau sang gián tiếp. 1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” He said 2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” He said. 3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” He said. 4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” She said. 5. “Will you have a drink?” He said. 6. “How far is it from here to college?” He said. 7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” He said 8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” She said. 9. “Do come in and have a drink” He said. 10. “Remember to wake me up” She said. 11. “if I were you, I would learn English”, She said. 12. “Why don’t we go camping this Sunday?” She said. 13. “Would you like to come to my birthday party next Sunday?” She said . 14. “Let’s have a talk on the new film”, He said. 15. “ Shall I do the cleaning up for you?” He said. 16. “What a clever boy!” She said. 17. “How ugly!” He said. 18. “Did you prepare your meal?” he said. “No” I said. He asked 19. “Happy birthday” he said. 20. “Take your seat”, he said. “Thank”, I said. He said 2.3. Statements in indirect speech: tense changes necessary Direct speech Indirect speech Simple Present Simple Past “I never eat meat,” he said = He said that he never ate meat. Present Progressive Past Progressive “I’m waiting for Ann,” he said = He said that he was waiting for Ann. Present perfect Past perfect Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 37
38. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 “I have found a flat,” he said = He said that he had found a flat. Future Conditional He said, “I will be in Paris on Monday” = He said he would be in Paris on Monday. But note, Conditional Conditional I said, “I would like to see it?” = I said I would like to see it. (no tense change) Note: must had to , can could, may might A. Personal pronouns: S O Adj. Pro. Reflexive pronouns I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself/ yourselves we us our ours ourselves they them their theirs themselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself B. Practice: I. Chọn đáp án đúng: 1) He said to her, “Give up smoking!” A. He told her to give up smoking. B. He told her not to give up smoking. C. He told her if she gave up smoking. D. He told her to giving up smoke. 2) He told them, “Don't tell me such a nonsense!” A. He told them not to tell him such a nonsense. B. He told them to tell him such a nonsense. C. He told them not to tell them such a nonsense. D. He told them to tell them such a nonsense. 3) Will and Tim said, “ We were very happy about the present.” Will and Tim said they ___ very happy about the present. A. had been B. been C. were D. were being 4) Sarah said, “ My Mom takes me to school every day.” A. Sarah said her Mom took her to school every day. B. Sarah said her Mom takes her to school every day. C. Sarah said my Mom took her to school every day. D. Sarah said her Mom takes me to school every day. 5) Helen said, “ I’m watching the late night show.” Helen said ___ the late night show. A. they were watching B. you watched C. she was watching D. Helen is watching II. Change into reported speech: Statements: She said:” I can’t find my umbrella.” → 1. Tom said:” My friend is coming next week.” → 2. We said:” We shall overcome this difficulty.” → 3. The boy said to the neighbor:” I’m going on holiday tomorrow.” → 4. The teacher said to his class:” You will have to finish all these exercises before next week.” → 5. Peter said:” I enjoy looking at myself in the mirror.” → 6. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock.” Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 38
39. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Nam said 7. Lan said “I will be very busy tomorrow.” Lan said 8. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week.” Thu said 9. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks.” Phong said 10. My teacher said to me “You should read these books.” My teacher told 11. Hoa said “I may visit my parents next summer.” Hoa said 12.Her father said to her “You can go to the movies with your friend.” Her father told 13.The coach told the players “You have to train harder for the next match.” The coach said 2.4 Imperatives Direct speech Indirect speech Affirmative V1 + S+ told / asked B + to + V1 + Imperative Mike said to Henry, “Give me my Mike told Mary to give him his book back. book back, please.” Negative Don’t + V1 + S+ told / asked B + not + to + V1 + Imperative "Don't play on the grass, boys," she She asks the boys not to play on the grass. said. B. Practice: I. Change into reported speech: (Affirmative Imperatives: ) He said to me: “Let’s go to the zoo.” → She said to the passer-by: “Go straight ahead for two blocks and turn left.” → She said to her classmate: “Be quiet, please!” → The teacher said to his student:“Write these sentences.” → She said to me: “Behave to your parents as your friend tells you.” → He said to us, "Run more quickly." → He The mother said to her son, “Move here, please.” → The mother My sister said to me, “ Open the window.” → My sister II. Change into reported speech: Negative Imperatives: 1. He said to me: “Don’t make noise.” → 2. She said to the passer-by: “Don’t turn left at the two blocks ahead.” → 3. She said to her classmate: “Don’t talk in class.” → 4. The teacher said to his student: “Don’t touch that new board.” → Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 39
40. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 5. She said to me: “Don’t believe everything your friend tells you.” → 6. He said to us, “Don't go too far." → He 7. The mother said to her son, “Don’t put off your coat, please.” → The mother 8. My sister said to me, “Don’t open the window.” → My sister 2.5 Questions in indirect speech Direct speech Indirect speech 1. Yes / No questions 1. S+ asked B + if / whether + S + V2 + 1. “Do you know My Son, Nga?” Nhi = Nhi asked Nga if/ whether she knew My Son. asked. 2. “Is My Son far from Hanoi? Nhi asked. = Nhi asked Nga if/ whether My Son was far from Hanoi. 3. He said, “Will you be here tomorrow?” = He asked if/ whether she would be there the next day. 4. “Is there a post office near here?” she = She asked me if/ whether there was a post office near asked me. there. 2. Wh_questions 2. S+ asked B + Wh- / How + S + V2 + 1. He said, “Where is she going?” = He asked where she was going. 2. He said, “Where does she live?” = He asked where she lived. 3. “Who lives next door?” = He asked who lived next door. B. Practice: I. Change into reported speech: (Wh- / How questions: ) 1. “Where are you going?” Lan asked. Lan asked me 2. “How far is it from HCM to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked. A tourist asked me 3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Hoa 4. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him 5. “Where do you learn English?” She asked Lan 6. “What aspect of learning English do the students find most difficult?” The teacher asked me 7. “What time do schools begin?” He asked 8. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him 9. “What do you think about language learning?” Ba asked his sister 10. “Why is she crying?” Thu asked Hoa II. Change into reported speech: (Yes / No questions: ) 1. “Do you like sports?” Hoa asked Lan 2. “Does Hoa play soccer?” Lan asked Thu 3. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” She asked her friend 4. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 40
41. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 Tuan asked Lan 5. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” He asked me 6. “Have you worked here before?” She said to him 7. “Do you have to work on Saturday?” she said to him . 8. “Does your room have a window?” she asked . 9. Would it be alright if I had the day off?” she said to her boss. . 10. Can you borrow your pen please, HA? She asked . 11. He asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?” . 12. “Do you know where my tennis racquet is, Mum?” she asked her Mum. . 13. “Was Ha at work yesterday?” she asked her secretary . 14. “Were your children at home last night?” he said to me. . 15. “Did you read the article about Prince Diana?” she asked him . TAG QUESTIONS A. Câu hỏi đuơi: là một câu hỏi ngắn được thêm vào câu trần thuật. Khi sử dụng loại câu hỏi này nên nhớ rằng nĩ khơng nhằm mục đích đê hỏi mà nhằm để khẳng định lại ý kiến của bản thân mình đã biết. - Câu chia làm 2 thành phần tách biệt nhau bởi dấu phẩy. - Nếu động từ ở phần chính ở thể khẳng định thì ở phần đuơi là phủ định và ngược lại. - Động từ to be được dùng trực tiếp, các động từ thường dùng trợ động từ to do, các động từ ở thời kép: future, perfect, progressive dùng với chính trợ động từ của thời đĩ. - Các thành ngữ there is, there are và it is dùng lại ở phần đuơi. - Động từ to have trong tiếng Anh của người Mỹ là động từ thường do đĩ nĩ sẽ dùng với trợ động từ to do. Ví dụ: There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there? It is raining now, isn’t it? It isn’t raining now, is it? The boys don’t have class tomorrow, do they? You and I talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we? You won’t be leaving for another hour, will you? Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they? You have two children, don’t you? (Trong tiếng Anh, thì sẽ dùng haven’t you?) 1. Nếu câu phủ định , trợ động từ ở phần đuơi khẳng định. You didn’t see him, did you? 2. Nếu câu khẳng định thì trợ động từ ở phần đuơi phủ định. Peter helped you, didn’t he? John lives here, doesn’t he? You found your passport, didn’t you? Mary’s coming tomorrow, isn’t she? Peter’s heard the news, hasn’t he? 3. Câu đề nghị let’s thì câu hỏi đuơi là shall: Let’s go, shall we? Let’s listen to some music, shallwe? The subject of the tag is always a pronoun.(Chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuơi luơn là đại từ) Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 41 Phần câu Phần đuơi
42. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 let’s + (not) + V Shall we? Do/ don’t + V Will you? Câu mệnh lệnh: Won’t you Keep your throat warm Don’t forget to do homework I am Aren’t I Is / are / was / were Isn’t / aren’t / wasn’t / weren’t never, seldom, rarely,hardly, nobody, none khẳng định = no one, nothing, no, neither everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, they anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none, neither nothing, something, every thing, this, that it Nếu tân ngữ là các đại từ tân ngữ phủ định: khẳng định. nothing, nobody, no one, none of them tính từ phủ định : few, little khẳng định. Deny + Ving: trối cãi, Refuse to + V Từ khẳng định. chối, fail to + V There be there? One + V .one? This /that is . Isn’t it? It is a pity that clause, It is time for SB to do Isn’t it? st It is time sb did st S + ought to + V Shouldn’t + S? What a stupid man Isn’t he? What a beautiful cat Isn’t it? You think you will be able to do it well Don’t you? She said that she was good at English Didn’t she? 4. Khi chủ ngữ của câu là: everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, none, neither chúng ta sử dụng đại từ they như chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuơi: I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they? No one would object, would they? Neither of them complained, did they? Someone táted my cofee, didn’t they? 5. Câu mệnh lệnh: Do/ Don’t do something, will you? Ex: Open the door, will you? / Don’t be late, will you? 6. Câu mệnh lệnh: nhắc nhở nguy hiểm sẽ xảy ra dùng (won’t you) Ex:Be careful with that dog, won’t you? / Don’t forget to check it, won’t you? 7. Câu: I am , aren’t I? I’m late, Aren’t I? 8. Ở phần câu cĩ các từ mang nghĩa phủ định: never, seldom, rarely,hardly, nobody, none = no one, nothing, no, neither . Thì phần đuơi phải ở thế khẳng định Ex: She never gets angry, does she? No salt is allowed, is it?(Đại từ thay thế cho danh từ khơng đếm được là “it”) 9. Ở phần câu chủ ngữ là các đại từ tân ngữ phủ định; nothing, something, every thing, this, that thì ở phần đuơi ta dùng đại từ “it” Ex: Every thing will be all right, won’t it? 10. Nếu tân ngữ là các đại từ tân ngữ phủ định: nothing, nobody, no one, none of them thì phần đuơi ở khẳng định. Ex: You like nobody here, do you? / She met no one at the party, did she? Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 42
43. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 The teacher had no book, did he? 11. Nếu trong phần câu cĩ sử dụng tính từ phủ định : few, little thì phần đuơi ở khẳng định. Ex: She eats little rice today, does she? ? She bought few books, does she? 12. Nếu trong phần câu cĩ sử dụng động từ phủ dịnh thì phần đuơi ở khảng định. Deny + Ving: trối cãi, Refuse to + V Từ chối, fail to + V She denies stealing your money, does she? B. Practice: I. Complete the sentences with the correct tag questions 1. His mother is very proud of him, ? 2. The lift isn’t working today, ? 3. You are afraid of dogs, ? 4. She doesn’t believe you, ? 5. I haven’t met you before, ? 6. The children weren’t surprised, ? 7. You gave him my address, ? 8. Your sister can speak English well, ? 9. You have a new computer, ? 10. He didn’t wake you up this morning, ? 11. Let’s go for a walk, ? 12. I think he will join us, ? 13. The questions were very difficult, ? 14. Lan enjoys watching television after dinner, ? 15. Tam didn’t go to school yesterday, ? 16. Your father bought you new books, ? 17. We should follow the traffic rules strictly, ? 18. They don’t like foreign films, ? 19. Britney Spears is the most famous singer this year, ? 20. My classmates have seen that cartoon twice, ? 21. Thu was practicing her music lesson at 4 yesterday, ? 22. He drove his car so fast, ? 23. Her father works for Tuoi Tre newspaper, ? 24. She has learned English for four years, ? 25. Thu’s father reads a morning newspaper every day, ? 26. The teacher is going to explain a new grammar lesson, ? 27. Their classmates were so excited about the games yesterday, ? 28. Lan enjoys sewing clothes for her doll, ? 29. Hoa did a lot of homework last night, .? 30. Schools may be closed if it snows heavily, .? 31. She has visited the citadel in Hue twice, .? 32. People have to rebuild the building after fire, ? 33. Their children enjoy playing computer games, ? 34. You will have a cable TV soon, ? 35. I am making a big mistake, ? 36. let’s go shopping at Saigon Coop Mart, .? 37. Children should drink a lot of milk and fruit juice, ? 38. Bring your camera with you to the party, .? 39. These shoes need to be fixed, ? 40. You must ask for your parents’ permission to join in the trip, ? 41. BA likes healthy food, ? 42. Phong hasn’t been to Hanoi before, .? 43. Thu didn’t take part in the competition, .? WISH CLAUSE Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 43
44. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 I/ Form & Use: Type FORM USE Adv of time Now, right now, at điều ao ước khơng cĩ thật ở S + wish(es) + S + Ved present, at the moment, 1 hiện tại. (be WERE) at once, today. điều ao ước kh«ng thể xảy ra Tomorrow, next , 2 S + wish(es) + S + WOULD + V ở tương lai. in the future . điều ao ước khơng cĩ thật ở Yesterday , last , in ed 3 S + wish(es) + S + had + V quá khứ. the past. Ex: I wish I would be an astronaut in the future. I wish I were rich. She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house. Notes: S+WISH = IF ONLY Ex: I wish I had met her yesterday. = If only I had met her yesterday. II/ Rewrite sentences using “wish clause: 1/ TYPE 1: EX: What a pity. I don’t have free time. I wish I had free time. Dùng WISH 1 viết lại câu khi câu đĩ ở thì hiện tại, viết lại đổi thể 2/ TYPE 2: EX: + He won’t come to my party. I wish he would come to my party. + He wants to be a teacher. He wishes he would be a teacher. Dùng WISH 2 viết lại câu khi câu đĩ ở thì tương lai hoặc ngụ ý ở tương lai, viết lại đổi thể. Nếu trong câu cĩ “want” (muốn), “hope” (hy vọng) thì viết lại khơng đổi thể. 3/ TYPE 3: EX: + I’m sorry, I didn’t help you. I wish I had helped you. + I regret not telling you the truth. I wish I had told you the truth. Dùng WISH 3 viết lại câu khi câu đĩ ở thì quá khứ, hoặc ngụ ý quá khứ, viết lại câu đổi thể. Notes: Khi viết lại câu dùng WISH CLAUSE ta khơng viết lại các thành ngữ như: I’m sorry, what a pity, EXERCISES I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses: 1. She wishes her father (be) ___her now to help her. 2. I wish you (not give) ___them my phone number yesterday. 3. I wish they (visit) ___us when they were in town. 4. I wish somone (give) ___ me a job next month. 5. If only I (can take) ___the trip to Hanoi with her next summer. 6. We wish we (understand) ___all the teacher’s explantion yesterday. 7. He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) ___it. 8. If only I (have) ___more time to do this job. 9. I wish she (come) ___to see me yesterday. 10. I wish that someday I (be) ___able to marry her. II/ Rewrite the sentences below, using “I wish ”: 1. My father isn’t her now. I want him to be here now. 2. You talk more than you work. The teacher wants you to work more than to talk. . 3. John would like to be an astronaut when he grows up. . 4. I’m sorry I didn’t help you yesterday. 5. I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth. 6. Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week. 7. We regret that we didn’t have enough money to buy that house. Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 44
45. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 8. You drive too fast. I’d like you to drive more slowly. 9. You are too lazy. The teacher wants you to be more studious. 10. I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon. 11. I’m not a doctor. 12. I haven’t enough money to buy this book. 13. I live in a big city, but I don’t like it. . 14. Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job. 15. Tomrrow is a workday. 16. We have to work this Saturday. . 17. I feel sick because I ate too much ice-cream. 18. It’s pity that you were not here last week. 19. I regret speaking to him so impolitely yesterday. 20. Alan regretted asking Arthur to lend him 20$. 21. I want the baby to stop crying. 22. He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party. . 23. The hotel wasn’t good. 24. I didn’t understand the lesson. 25. My friend didn’t pass his exam. ___ CONDITIONALS WISH / CONJUNCTIONS Choose the best options: 1. If I found a wallet in the street, I ___take it to police. A. will B. should C. would D. shall 2. I don’t really want to go their party, but I probaly will go. They’d be offended if I ___go. A. didn’t B. don’t C. will D. will not 3. What would you do if you ___a million pounds? A. win B. won C. will win D. A and C 4. I’m not tired enough to go to bed yet. I wouldn’t sleep if I ___to bed now. A. go B. went C. had gone D. would go 5. I ___that coat if I were you. A. wouldn’t buy B. didn’t buy C. don’t buy D. won’t buy 6. I don’t know many people. I wish I ___more people. A. know B. knew C. have known D. should know 7. I have to work tomorrow. I wish I ___in bed. A. would stay B. should stay C. stay D. stayed 8. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If he__it, he would have been late for his interview. A. missed B. has missedC. miss D. had missed 9. I wan’t tired last night. If I had been tired, I ___home earlier. A. would have gone B. will go C. go D. went 10. I wish ___so much. A. I B. I hadn’t eaten C. I do not eat D. I won’t eat 11. Hadn’t it been for your help, I ___. A. would get lost B. got lost C. would have got lost D.had got lost 12. I wish I ___applied for the job. A. will B. should C.had D. have 13. If Margaret hadn’t been wearing a seat belt, she ___injured. A. has been B. would has been C. would be D. would have been Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 45
46. GIÁO ÁN ƠN THI VÀO LỚP 10 14. If the driver in front ___so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened. A hasn’t stopped B. hadn’t stopped C. didn’t stop D. don’t stop 15. If you didn’t do this, you ___punished. A. are B. will be C. should be D. would be 16. They helped me a lot. I don’t know what I ___without their help. A. have done B. had done C. would have done D. will do 17. I wish you ___something instead if just sitting and doing nothing. A. do B. should C. will do D. would do 18. I wish Sarah ___here now. A. is B. were C. would be D. will be 19. When we were children, in summer, if the weather was fine, we _all get up early and go for a swim A. would B. will C. should D. A and B 20. The teacher ___the essays if he has time. A. will grade B. would grade C. will have graded D. graded 21. The bus won’t stop ___you ring the bell. A. when B. if C. if not D. unless 22. ___a car to drive now. A. If I had B. Only I hadC. If only I had D. Better I had 23. I wish I ___to the party last night. A. went B. go C. had gone D. have gone 24. –What are you going to do next year? _ I wish I ___the answer to that question. A. knew B. had known C. would know D. will know 25. _It’s a pity the weather was bad yesterday. _ Yes, if it hadn’t been cold, we ___swimming. A. would go B. would have goneC. had gone D. went 26. She wishes she ___a doctor in the future. A. is B. were C. will be D. would be 27. I wish I ___your wedding, but I was in Paris. A. could attend B. would attend C. attended D. could have attended 28. If only ___taller, I might be better at basketball. A. I am B. I were C. I be D. I have been 29. Cathy refused the job offer. I wish she ___that. A. not do B. not to do C. couldn’t have done D. hadn’t done 30. If a catalyst ___, the reaction occurs more rapidly. A. uses B. was used C. is used D. will be used 31. Mary jogs every day ___lose weight. A. so she can B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to 32. We’ll be late ___we hurry. A. if B. despite C. unless D. when 33. She failed the test ___she studied hard. A. although B. even though C. as D. A and B 34. You should bring an umbrella ___it rains. A. if B. unless C. in case D. because of 35. He went on working ___feeling unwell. A. although B. unless C. due to D. despite 36. They decided to go ___the danger. A. because B. in spite of C. although D. so 37. ___, they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer. A. However B. In spite of C. If D. Although Teacher: Cao Xuân Khang 46