Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào Lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh - Bùi Ánh Dương

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1. A – REVIEW I. NGỮ ÂM 1. Phát âm từ Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 1.1. Quy tắc phát âm đuôi –ed ĐỘNG TỪ tận cùng bằng Khi thêm –ed phát âm là Phụ âm vô thanh /t/ hoặc phụ âm hữu thanh /d/ /id/ 7 phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /∫/, / /t/ t∫/ Các trường hợp còn lại /d/ Một số trường hợp không tận cùng bằng /t/, /d/ nhưng khi thêm –ed được phát âm là /id/: Hatred (sự căm ghét) wretched (tả tơi) beloved (được yêu quý) Wicked (nham hiểm) crooked (luồn cúi) unmatched (không gì sánh bằng) Rugged (lởm chởm) ragged (rách nát) Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 1.2. Quy tắc phát âm đuôi –s CÁC TỪ tận cùng bằng Khi thêm –s phát âm là 5 phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ /s/ Các phụ âm / t∫/ /dʒ/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /iz/ Các trường hợp còn lại /z/ 1.3. Một số quy tắc phát âm khác Đuôi -tion - Phát âm /∫n/ trong đa số trường hợp: education - Phát âm là /ʒn/ trong từ equation -stion phát âm là /t∫n/ : question Phát âm th - Khi th ở đầu từ: + Các từ chức năng (đại từ, tân ngữ, mạo từ, liên từ ) -> phát âm là /δ/ Ví dụ: they, them, the, therefore, then + Đa số các từ loại khác -> phát âm là /θ/ + Các từ smooth, with -> phát âm là /δ/ - Khi thêm hậu tố vào từ để biến đổi dạng từ, th chuyển phát âm từ /θ/ thành /δ/. Ví dụ: + south /θ/-> southern /δ/ _ youth /θ/-> youths /δ/ Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 2. Trọng âm từ 2.1. Một số quy tắc cơ bản - DANH TỪ và TÍNH TỪ thường có trọng âm ở ÂM TIẾT ĐẦU. - ĐỘNG TỪ thường có trọng âm ở ÂM TIẾT CUỐI. - Âm tiết yếu /ə/ không nhận trọng âm. Giaoandethitienganh. info - Âm tiết dài thường có khả năng nhận trọng âm. - Đa số các tiền tố không ảnh hưởng đến vị trí trọng âm. Ví dụ: un- in- im- ir- dis- re- pre- post- non- over- - Đa số các hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến vị trí trọng âm. Ví dụ: -ful -less -able -al -ous -ly -er/or -ing -ise/ize 2.2. Các đuôi khiến trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước nó Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –tion Condition 9. –graphy Photography 17. –iency Efficiency 2. –sion Division 10. –etry Geometry 18. –ian Technician 3. –ic/ ical Terrific, 11. –eous Advantageous 19. –ium Gymnasium 2
2. musical 4. –ity Community 12. –ious Delicious 20. –nomy Economy 5. –ial Essential 13. –ety Anxiety 21. –meter Kilometer 6. –ual Individual 14. –ance Reliance 22. –ury Injury 7. –itive Competitive 15. –ience Impatience 23. –ory Memory 8. –logy Biology 16. –ient Convenient 24. –ute Contribute * trừ television * trừ arabic, politics, lunatic Link Xem 2.3. Các đuôi nhận trọng âm Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –ade Lemonade 9. –aire Millionaire 17. –press (v) Express 2. –oo Bamboo 10. –self Myself 18. –tract (v) Attract 3. –ique Unique 11. –ain (v) Maintain 19. –sist (v) Assist 4. –mentary Documentary 12. –dict (v) Predict 20. –mit (v) Commit 5. –ee/ -eer* Engineer 13. –pel (v) Compel 21. –ect (v) Affect 6. –ese Vietnamese 14. –fer (v) Prefer 22. –vert (v) Convert 7. –ette Cigarette 15. –test (v) Detest 8. –esque Picturesque 16. –rupt (v) Erupt * trừ coffee, committee, employee 2.4. Các đuôi khiến trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cách nó 1 âm tiết Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –ate Communicate 3. –tude Attitude 5. –ary* January 2. –ite Opposite 4. –ative Initiative * trừ extraordinary Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 II. CÁC THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 1. Thì HIỆN TẠI 1.1. Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) * Diễn tả: Thói quen – Chân lí – Chu kì đều đặn – Bình luận thể thao trực tiếp – Viết trong sách, báo – Thời gian biểu, lịch trình. * Các cụm từ thường dùng: from time to time, every now and then, occasionally, generally, always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, etc. * Nhấn mạnh dùng do/ does + V: He does love you! 1.2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing * Diễn tả: Giaoandethitieng anh. info - Hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói. - Hành động đang xảy ra xung quanh thời điểm nói. - Hành động có tính tạm thời; một sự biến chuyển, thay đổi. Ví dụ: He usually goes to work by bus, but today he is driving his car. - Sự phàn nàn, dùng với các từ: always, forever, constantly. - Hành động đã được lên kế hoạch, sắp xếp thực hiện trong tương lai. * Các cụm từ thường dùng: now, right now, for now, at the moment, at present, for the time being, today, these days, this week, etc. * Chú ý: Không dùng hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ sau: - Ý kiến: agree, disagree, deny. - Tư duy: believe, consider (coi như), doubt (hoài nghi), expect (mong đợi), imagine (tưởng tượng), know, mean (có nghĩa là), realise (nhận ra), suppose (coi như), suspect (nghi ngờ), think (+of: cho rằng), understand. - Tồn tại: exist. 3
3. - Tình cảm: adore (ngưỡng mộ, yêu quý), appeal (thu hút), desire (khao khát), dislike, envy (ghen tị), fear (lo sợ), forgive (tha thứ), hate, like, love, mind (phiền), need, prefer (thích hơn), satisfy (thỏa mãn), trust (tin tưởng), want, wish. - Tri giác: appear (dường như), seem (có vẻ), sound (nghe có vẻ), look (nhìn có vẻ), taste (có vị), recognise/ recognize (nhận ra), smell (có mùi). - Sở hữu: have, belong, possess, consist, contain, cost, lack, own, owe. Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 1.3. Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại. (for + khoảng thời gian; since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ; since + quá khứ đơn; since then) - Kết quả của hành động tính đến thời điểm hiện tại (so far, up to now, until now). - Hành động đã từng/ chưa từng xảy ra tính đến hiện tại (ever, never) - Hành động đã xảy ra bao nhiêu lần tính đến hiện tại. (It’s + the first/ second/ third/ + time + Hiện tại hoàn thành) - Hành động vừa mới xảy ra. (just, recently, lately, in the last few days) - Hành động chưa xảy ra như mong đợi (câu phủ định và nghi vấn ). (yet) - Hành động xong trước mong đợi. (already) - Sau so sánh nhất. - Hành động đã xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc: today, this evening, this year, etc. 1.4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Giaoandethitienganh. info S + have/ has been + V-ing * Diễn tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại, đang xảy ra ở hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục đến tương lai. Ví dụ: It has been raining for more than two hours. - Hành động vừa mới chấm dứt, có hậu quả/ kết quả tạm thời. 2. Thì QUÁ KHỨ 2.1. Quá khứ đơn S + Ved S + was/ were * Diễn tả: - Hành động xảy ra và đã chấm dứt trong quá khứ. - Sự thật, thói quen trong quá khứ. - Nhấn mạnh, dùng did + V: He did love you! 2.2. Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing * Diễn tả: Giaoandethitienganh. info - Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ. - Hành động đang diễn ra xung quanh một thời điểm trong quá khứ. - Sự biến chuyển, thay đổi trong quá khứ. - Sự phàn nàn trong quá khứ. (always, forever, constantly) - Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ. - Một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ (dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn) thì một hành động xen vào, cắt ngang. (dùng quá khứ đơn) Ví dụ: We were talking about John when he suddenly came in. Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 2.3. Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động đang xảy ra và hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. - Hành động hoàn tất tính đến một thời điểm trong quá khứ. 2.4. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + had been + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động/ tình huống diễn ra liên tục tới một thời điểm trong quá khứ. 2.5. Used to V * Diễn tả: 4
4. - Thói quen trong quá khứ đã không còn ở hiện tại. - Sự tồn tại của sự vật trong quá khứ. 3. Thì TƯƠNG LAI 3.1. Tương lai đơn S + will + V Shall chỉ dùng cho ngôi I và we * Diễn tả: - Một phỏng đoán vô căn cứ cho tương lai. - Một quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói, chưa có kế hoạch, dự định. - Sự hi vọng, lời hứa, lời từ chối. - Suy nghĩ, quan điểm chủ quan. - Lời đề nghị. Ví dụ: That box seems heavy. I will help you carry it upstairs. Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 3.2. Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will be + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. 3.3. Tương lai hoàn thành S + will have + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động hoàn tất trước một thời điểm/ hành động trong tương lai. - Hành động kéo dài tới một thời điểm trong tương lai được bao lâu. 3.4. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + will have been + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến một thời điểm trong tương lai và đang diễn ra tại thời điểm đó. 3.5. Tương lai gần S + am/ is/ are + going to V * Diễn tả: Giaoan dethitienganh. info - Dự định cho tương lai đã được sắp xếp, lên kế hoạch từ trước. - Dự đoán sự việc trong tương lai có căn cứ vào dấu hiệu ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: The sky looks cloudy. It is going to rain. 3.6. Các cấu trúc khác về tương lai - To be to V: sắp đặt chính thức/ phải làm gì - To be about to do sth: sắp sửa làm gì - To be on the point of doing sth: sắp sửa làm gì - To be on the verge of doing sth: có nguy cơ sẽ - To be due to V; sẽ đến hạn làm gì - To be bound/ certain/ sure to V: chắc chắn sẽ làm gì - To be (highly) (un)likely + to V/ that + tương lai đơn: rất/ không có khả năng sẽ - The chances are that + tương lai đơn: rất có khả năng sẽ - There’s every + chance/ likelihood + of sth V-ing: rất có khả năng sẽ - There’s a strong/ a distinct chance/ possibility that + tương lai đơn: rất có khả năng sẽ - The odds are against sth; rất ít khả năng sẽ III. DẠNG ĐỘNG TỪ V + V-ing V + to V V + O + to V Avoid (tránh) Afford (đủ khả năng) Advise (khuyên) Admit (thừa nhận) Agree (đồng ý) Allow (cho phép) Advise (khuyên nhủ) Appear (xuất hiện) Ask (yêu cầu) Appreciate (đánh giá) Arrange (sắp xếp) Beg (van xin) Complete (hoàn thành) Ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) Cause (gây ra) Consider (xem xét) Beg (nài nỉ, van xin) Challenge (thách thức) Delay (trì hoãn) Care (chăm sóc) Convince (thuyết phục) Deny (từ chối) Claim (đòi hỏi, yêu cầu) Dare (dám) Discuss (thảo luận) Consent (bằng lòng) Encourage (khuyến khích) Dislike (không thích) Decide (quyết định) Expect (mong đợi) Enjoy (thích) Demand (yêu cầu) Forbid (cấm) 5
5. Finish (hoàn thành) Deserve (xứng đáng) Force (buộc) Keep (tiếp tục) Expect (mong đợi) Hire (thuê) Mention (đề cập) Fail (thất bại) Instruct (hướng dẫn) Mind (phiền, ngại) Hesitate (do dự) Invite (mời) Miss (nhớ, bỏ lỡ) Hope (hi vọng) Need (cần) Postpone (trì hoãn) Learn (học) Order (ra lệnh) Practice (luyện tập) Manage (sắp xếp) Permit (cho phép) Quit (nghỉ, thôi) Mean (ý định) Persuade (thuyết phục) Recall (nhắc nhở, nhớ) Need (cần) Remind (nhắc nhở) Recollect (nhớ ra) Offer (đề nghị) Require (đòi hỏi) Recommend (nhắc nhở) Teach (dạy) Resent (bực tức) Tell (bảo) Resist (kháng cự) Urge (thúc giục) Risk (rủi ro) Want (muốn) Suggest (đề nghị) Warn (báo trước) Tolerate (chịu đựng, bao dung) Giaoande thitienganh. info Understand (hiểu) Can’t help (không nhịn được) It is no use/ no good (vô ích) Would you mind Be used to (quen với) Be/ get accustomed to (dần quen với) Be busy (bận rộn) Be worth (xứng đáng) Look forward to (trông mong) Have difficulty/ fun/ trouble Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 IV. SỰ TƯƠNG HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ 1. Chủ ngữ của câu là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng ‘and’ - Hai danh từ cùng chỉ một người/ một vật -> Vsố ít. Ví dụ: The director and actor is here. (cùng một người là đạo diễn kiêm diễn viên) - Hai danh từ cùng hai người/ hai vật khác nhau -> Vsố nhiều. Ví dụ: The director and actor are here. (hai người khác nhau) 2. Câu có hai danh từ làm chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng: with, together with, along with, accompanied by, added to, in addition to, as well as, including -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ NHẤT Ví dụ: The girl with her brother is here. 3. Câu có hai danh từ làm chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng: or, nor, not only .but also, either or, neither nor -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ HAI Ví dụ: You and I am wrong. 4. Chủ ngữ của câu là - The number of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố ít - The numbers of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều - A number of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều 5. Chủ ngữ là các cụm từ Giaoandethitienganh. info - All, Most, Some, Half, The majority, The minority, .%, x/y, None + of + Nsố ít -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: 99% of your success depends on your hard work. - All, Most, Some, Half, The majority, The minority, .%, x/y, None + of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: All of the students are excited about the coming trip. 6
6. 6. Các danh từ luôn luôn là số nhiều: police, staff, cattle, poultry, crew, clergy (giới tăng lữ), troops, goods, congratulations, army Ví dụ: The police are here. 7. Các đại lượng chỉ tiền, thời gian, khối lượng, khoảng cách, kích cỡ luôn luôn là số ít. Ví dụ: Twenty five minutes is not enough. 8. Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng giới từ -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ NHẤT Ví dụ: The legs of the table are too short. 9. ‘The + adj’ chỉ một tập hợp người, một tầng lớp, một dân tộc -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: The rich are not always happy. Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 10. Tên môn học, bệnh, tạp chí, địa danh tận cùng bằng ‘s’ -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Physics is my favourite subject. 11. Câu có chủ ngữ là ‘There’ thì động từ chia theo danh từ thứ nhất sau chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: There is a dog, two cats and three birds in the garden. 12. Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng cấu trúc both and -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: Both you and I are wrong. 13. Chủ ngữ là danh từ bắt đầu bằng: every , no , and -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Everything is ready. 14. Each, Every, Neither, Either of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Each of the students is ready. 15. Each, Every + N1 and each/ every + N2-> Vsố ít 16. Many a + Nsố ít -> động từ chia SỐ ÍT: biết bao nhiêu . Ví dụ: Many of a good man has been destroyed by drink. 17. The + họ + ‘s’: cả gia đình -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: The Blacks are here. 18. A great many + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: A great many students like learning English. 19. Các danh từ chỉ tập hợp: family, team, group, etc. - Chia động từ số ít khi ngụ ý cả 1 gia đình, đội, nhóm . - Chia động từ số nhiều khi ngụ ý nhấn mạnh các thành viên. V. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 1 (Một giả thiết có thể xảy ra trong tương lai) If + S + V (thì hiện tại), S + will + V Ví dụ: If the weather is fine, we will go swimming tomorrow. * Có thể thay S + will + V bằng: - S + can/ may + V. - S + be going to + V. * Câu mệnh lệnh: Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Should lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: Should you meet her tomorrow, ask her to phone me. 2. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 2 (Một giả thiết trái với chân lí, sự thật ở hiện tại, không thể xảy ra) If + S + Ved (thì quá khứ đơn/ quá khứ tiếp diễn), S + would/ might/ could + V Ví dụ: If I were taller, I would be a model. Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Were lên trước chủ ngữ. Were + S + (to V), S + would + V * Câu điều kiện loại 2 với nghĩa: Nếu không vì ., If I were not for sb/ sth, S + would + V = Were it not for sb/ sth, S + would + V = But for sb/ sth, S + would + V = Without sb/ sth, S + would + V Ví dụ: If it were not for this bad weather, we would be on the beach now. 3. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 3 (Một giả thiết trái với sự việc trong quá khứ, không thể xảy ra) 7
7. If + S + had P2, S + would/ might/ could + P2 Ví dụ: If he had stayed at home last night, he would have met her. Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Had lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: Had he stayed at home last night, he would have met her. * Câu điều kiện loại 3 với nghĩa: Nếu không vì ., If it had not been for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 = Had it not been for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 = But for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 = Without sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 Ví dụ: If it had not been for the rain, we would have gone swimming yesterday. 4. Câu điều kiện HỖN HỢP 4.1. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp 3 – 2 (giả thiết trái với sự thật trong quá khứ dẫn đến kết quả trái với sự thật ở hiện tại) If + S + had P2, S + would/ might/ could + V Ví dụ: If he had graduated from a university, he would get this job now. B – PRACTICE EXERCISES SECTION 1 – PHONETICS 1.1. PRONUNCIATION Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. Exercise 1 1. A. predict B. preparation C. expect D. extensive 2. A. abrupt B. funnel C. volume D. thunder 3. A. climate B. comprise C. consist D. divide 4. A. economic B. conclusion C. sailor D. minority 5. A. united B. university C. universe D. unknown 6. A. design B. loose C. style D. symbol 7. A. choice B. research C. schedule D. chopsticks 8. A. hobby B. deny C. poetry D. primary 9. A. bottle B. folk C. orange D. chopsticks 10. A. qualify B. baggy C. grocery D. scenery Exercise 2 1. A. home B. come C. some D. honey 2. A. pray B. separate C. champagne D. viable 3. A. depend B. secondary C. deposit D. respond 4. A. correspond B. minority C. worship D. course 5. A. crier B. instruction C. interactive D. impress 6. A. remote B. atmosphere C. convenient D. commercial 7. A. kits B. photographs C. laughs D. chores 8. A. education B. dangerous C. modern D. media 9. A. creature B. bear C. jeans D. reach 10. A. channel B. chat C. school D. chance Exercise 3 1. A. rickshaw B. carnival C. ruin D. island 2. A. setting B. fortress C. heritage D. complex 3. A. recognize B. recommend C. protect D. preserve 4. A. locate B. situate C. pagoda D. landscape 5. A. behave B. border C. destroy D. erupt 6. A. fixture B. hurricane C. lift D. strike 7. A. volcano B. damage C. earthquake D. teenager 8. A. laugh B. highlands C. flashlight D. although 8
8. 9. A. object B. innovation C. conserve D. pollution 10. A. ultimately B. funnel C. erupt D. nuclear Exercise 4 1. A. urban B. multicultural C. stuck D. rubber 2. A. manual B. thatched C. arctic D. asset 3. A. exporter B. pedestrian C. entertain D. event 4. A. frustrated B. behave C. tram D. frame 5. A. dogsled B. concentrate C. complex D. metropolitan 6. A. exporter B. fortress C. affordable D. conduct 7. A. emergency B. helpline C. depressed D. dweller 8. A. cooperative B. igloo C. boom D. roof 9. A. metro B. domed C. oceania D. workshop 10. A. citadel B. cavern C. administrative D. paradise Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 Exercise 5 1. A. craft B. lacquerware C. factor D. adulthood 2. A. concentrate B. cognitive C. workshop D. confident 3. A. variety B. limestone C. tiled D. rickshaw 4. A. conduct B. urban C. tunnel D. stuck 5. A. complex B. cavern C. citadel D. contestant 6. A. chopped B. fried C. starved D. described 7. A. noodles B. steams C. vegetables D. sausages 8. A. assigned B. cooked C. reduced D. sliced 9. A. dessert B. starter C. mineral D. mandarin 10. A. served B. layered C. enclosed D. liked Exercise 6 1. A. together B. healthy C. nothing D. authentic 2. A. chef B. charity C. parachute D. champagne 3. A. fee B. degree C. coffee D. achieve 4. A. destination B. vacation C. question D. urbanisation 5. A. facilities B. cuisine C. exist D. cruise 6. A. prefer B. wonder C. quicker D. consider 7. A. pioneer B. peel C. meat D. green 8. A. expansion B. explosion C. vision D. decision 9. A. natural B. potential C. mature D. fluctuate 10. A. conserve B. preserve C. reserve D. Japanese 1.2. WORD STRESS Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose primary stress is placed differently from that of the others. Exercise 1 1. A. handicraft B. lacquer C. artisan D. pottery 2. A. historical B. embroidery C. authority D. architecture 3. A. famous B. village C. workshop D. bamboo 4. A. business B. experience C. grandparent D. chocolate 5. A. transfer B. publish C. accept D. remind 6. A. adolescence B. adulthood C. cognitive D. concentrate 7. A. confident B. delighted C. depressed D. embarrassed 8. A. emergency B. frustrated C. independence D. decision 9. A. relaxed B. worried C. wander D. dweller 10. A. discipline B. determine C. cultural D. indicator Exercise 2 1. A. fabulous B. reliable C. variety D. forbidden 9
9. 2. A. craftsman B. layer C. sculpture D. preserve 3. A. elegant B. regional C. musical D. effective 4. A. recommend B. thoroughly C. travelling D. fascinate 5. A. windsurfing B. equipment C. amateur D. national 6. A. coincide B. community C. conception D. committee 7. A. stimulate B. organize C. efficient D. terminal 8. A. widlife B. afford C. mountain D. passport 9. A. parabolic B. astronomy C. experiment D. collaborate 10. A. spacewalk B. trainee C. object D. private Exercise 3 1. A. companion B. spectacular C. ecotourism D. extraordinary 2. A. destination B. picturesque C. mausoleum D. cathedral 3. A. atmosphere B. astounding C. attraction D. amazing 4. A. impressive B. imposing C. peaceful D. fantastic 5. A. tidal B. abrupt C. cyclone D. hurricane 6. A. typhoon B. compose C. joyful D. occur 7. A. forbid B. cancel C. repeat D. prevent 8. A. machine B. pollute C. nature D. exhaust 9. A. recent B. reduce C. suggest D. collect 10. A. electricity B. population C. necessity D. innovation Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 Exercise 4 1. A. arctic B. occasion C. rickshaw D. noticeable 2. A. urban B. asset C. indicator D. artisan 3. A. wander B. downtown C. annoyed D. astonished 4. A. layer B. independence C. confident D. sculpture 5. A. workshop B. mushroom C. negative D. recognition 6. A. affordable B. underpass C. lacquerware D. craftsman 7. A. fabulous B. variety C. reliable D. remind 8. A. picturesque B. recognition C. adolescence D. astonished 9. A. compartment B. exported C. manual D. relaxed 10. A. facility B. igloo C. event D. embarrassed Exercise 5 1. A. annoyed B. astonished C. pedestrian D. sandals 2. A. rubber B. astounding C. administrative D. relaxed 3. A. skyscraper B. downtown C. craftsman D. sculpture 4. A. surface B. limestone C. structure D. illiterate 5. A. event B. index C. metro D. dweller 6. A. avacado B. archeology C. ingredient D. vinaigrette 7. A. alternate B. accommodate C. facilitate D. communicate 8. A. campaigner B. environment C. millennium D. populous 9. A. exotic B. romantic C. economic D. phonetic 10. A. comfortable B. development C. vocabulary D. derivatives Exercise 6 1. A. international B. approximately C. flexibility D. understood 2. A. obesity B. cigarette C. intensively D. dramatically 3. A. computer B. itinerary C. passenger D. enormous 4. A. experiment B. experience C. expedition D. excursion 5. A. advertise B. candidate C. astronaut D. astronomy 6. A. technical B. package C. diameter D. temperature 7. A. discovery B. spacesuit C. participate D. technology 8. A. quality B. benefit C. opinion D. purpose 10
10. 9. A. performance B. financially C. externally D. exhibition 10. A. emotionally B. responsive C. activity D. opportunity SECTION 2 – ERROR IDENTIFICATION Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correcting in each of the following questions. Exercise 1 1. Mary was determined to leave (A) the office by (B) 4:30 for catching (C) early train home (D). 2. I often look into (A) new words in (B) the dictionary whenever (C) I don’t know their (D) meanings. 3. Even (A) on the most careful (B) prepared trip (C), problems will sometimes (D) develop. 4. The existence (A) of many stars in the sky lead (B) us to suspect that there may be (C) life on another (D) planet. 5. It is believed (A) that in the near future (B) robots will be used to doing (C) things such as (D) cooking. 6. My father used to give (A) me a good advice (B) whenever (C) I had a problem (D). 7. The teacher asked him why (A) hadn’t he done (B) his homework, but (C) he said nothing (D). 8. Although his family is (A) poor, but (B) he studies (C) very well (D). 9. The package (A) must be wrapped (B) carefully before (C) it is post (D). 10. I am (A) very interesting (B) in problems caused (C) by pollution (D). Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 Exercise 2 1. No one would have attended (A) the lecture if you told (B) the truth about (C) the guest speaker (D). 2. Because (A) his sickness (B), he didn’t take (C) part in the English competition (D). 3. A galaxy, where (A) may include billions of (B) stars, is (C) held together (D) by gravitation attraction. 4. The tongue is the principal (A) organ of taste (B), and is (C) crucial for chewing, swallowed (D), and speaking. 5. Each of the members(A) of the group were (B) made to write (C) a report every week (D). 6. Why don’t (A) you congratulate our son about (B) passing (C) his final (D) exam? 7. Neither of the girls (A) have (B) turned in the term papers to the (C) instructor yet (D). 8. The secretary told (A) me that an important file had left (B) in the lunch room just (C) the other (D) day. 9. The (A) little boy’s mother bought him (B) a five-speeds (C) racing bicycle for (D) his birthday. 10. Since (A) fireworks are dangerous (B), many countries have laws to prevent (C) businesses to sell (D) them. Exercise 3 1. Dams are used to control flooding (A), provide water for irrigation (B) and generating (C) electricity for the surrounding area (D). 2. The closer it gets to (A) December 21, the first day (B) of winter, the short (C) the days become (D). 3. Either (A) Mr Anderson or (B) Ms Wiggins are (C) going to teach our class today (D). 4. My parents (A) often take careful (B) of me when (C) I am ill (D). 5. Have you (A) ever read (B) any (C) novels writing (D) by Jack London? 6. Publishing in the UK (A), the book has won (B) a number of awards in (C) recent regional book fairs (D). 7. Perhaps the most (A) unique thing about (B) carbon atoms are (C) their ability to combine (D) with themselves. 8. Her family had great difficulty (A) to get (B) her transferred (C) to another (D) hospital. 9. Hardly he had (A) entered the office (B) when he realized (C) that he had forgotten (D) his wallet. 10. The economy is heavy (A) dependent on industry (B), and economic growth has always been (C) of greater concern than (D) environmental preservation. Exercise 4 1. Could you help (A) me do (B) this job? I don’t know how to get (C) it start (D). 11
11. 2. The man was (A) unable discovering (B) who had thrown (C) stones at (D) him. 3. Many opinions have (A) been express (B) on the likely (C) effects of the computer (D). 4. Traditionally (A), Americans and (B) Asians have had very different (C) ideas about love and married (D). 5. Many (A) teachers have devoted their (B) lives to (C) teaching therefore (D) teaching is not a well- paid job. 6. Had it not (A) been for you help me (B), I wouldn’t (C) have succeeded (D). 7. There are (A) many different ways of comparing (B) the economy of one nation with those (C) of another (D). 8. The number of (A) people who (B) survived the Titanic shipwreck (C) in 1912 were (D) quite small. 9. If a person really wants (A) to succeed, they (B) must always work (C) hard (D). 10. The number of wild condors, and endangered species of (A) bird, have been (B) increasing steadily (C) because of (D) the work of scientists and environmnetalists. Exercise 5 1. Newtonian physics account (A) from (B) the observation (C) of the orbits (D) of the plants and moons. 2. The (A) man whom (B) I want to meet him (C) was away on business (D). 3. The (A) result of (B) that test must (C) be informed (D) before August. 4. Vietnam exports (A) a lot of rice is grown (B) mainly in the south (C) of the country (D). 5. Today was such beautiful day (A) that I couldn’t bring myself (B) to complete (C) all my chores (D). 6. We were (A) advised (B) not driking (C) the water in (D) the bottle. 7. Jim and his brother are (A) alike (B); they both (C) look after (D) their father. 8. One of the most (A) serious problems (B) face (C) us now is the need (D) to control population growth. 9. Not until (A) I was on my way (B) to the airport that I realized (C) I had left my passport at home (D). 10. Students suppose (A) to read all the questions (B) carefully and find out (C) the answers to them (D). Exercise 7 THE ART OF DRAWING Drawing has always been a very popular hobby. Young children draw with a pencial as soon as they can hold one. Drawing is often seen as a special skill, and it is (1)___that some people seem to draw a perfect picture without any effort. Yet drawing, like writing, can be (2)___; you can draw accurately if you work really hard at it. Drawing is first of all about looking carefully. It sounds easy to say that all you (3)___to do is to look at things, but it really is not that simple. The best way to draw a familiar (4)___is to imagine that you are looking at it for the first (5)___. Nowadays, there are (6)___courses and materials available than ever before, which means that you can experiment to improve your skills. The only (7)___is your imagination. 1. A. true B. actual C. exact D. real 2. A. discovered B. made C. learnt D. reached 3. A. should B. need C. must D. could 4. A. topic B. subject C. area D. person 5. A. period B. term C. moment D. time 6. A. more B. many C. plenty D. much 7. A. final B. end C. limit D. finish Exercise 8 Is there life on Mars? Many people have (1) ___ about this question. Some writers of science-fiction think of people from Mars (2) ___ little green creatures. Others imagine 'Martians' as monsters withmany eyes. In studying this planet, astronomers have found that life may be possible on Mars. The first (3) ___of this is that Mars has seasons, just like Earth. In other words, Earth's seasons, such as spring 12
12. or summer, occur onMars, too. Because these seasons exist, it may be possible for (4) ___ and other higher (5) ___ forms to be found on Mars. Astronomers also think that perhaps a small (6) ___ of water vapor could be found on Mars. In1887, an Italian astronomer, Giovanni Schiaparelli, discovered markings on Mars' surface. These markings lookedlike canals. This finding (7) ___ astronomers to believe that since water exists on Mars, life forms could exist as well. However, there are (8)___ who feel that life on mars is not possible. This is because there is little or no (9) ___ of oxygen on the planet. In 1965, the Mariner IV capsule managed to take photographs of the planet. It discovered that the only forms of life found are vegetation like fungi and mosses. (10) ___, people remain fascinated by the idea that there could one day be life on Mars. 1. A. puzzled B. asked C. wondered D. confused 2. A. like B. to be C. as being D. as 3. A. indication B. print C. mark D. trace 4. A. vegetables B. vegetation C. vegetarian D. vet 5. A. lively B. lives C. live D. life 6. A. quantity B. amount C. number D. mass 7. A. got B. took C. made D. brought 8. A. others B. another C. other D. some other 9. A. mark B. shape C. trace D. way 10. A. According B. Nevertheless C. Thus D. Consequently Exercise 9 (1)___ history, women have always aimed for the recognized place in (2)___. Guided by their own (3)___ of knowledge and expertise, women like Marie Curie in science, mary Wollstonecraft in literary writing, Simone de Beauvois in philosophical existentialist debate, and Marie Stopes in medicine, to name a few, have brought about an awareness of the role of the women in any walks of life. These women have helped redefine and consolidate the nature of women’s place in society. Today the (4)___ of global women’s organizations and the impact of women’s contributions (5)___ society show that progress has been made and the progress in furthering the role of women in society has been some benefit to the (6 )___ woman. It is true to say that not all women have the same need. The need of the woman who stays at home and (7)___ children will differ widely from the woman who works outside. Nonetheless, in the extensive field of equal opportunities, it would be good to know that access in given to both with equal measure according to the true value of respective abilities. It also would be good to know that the woman at home is recognized as a valued (8)___ of society just as much as the one who deals on business outside the home. 1. A. Among B. Throughout C. During D. Upon 2. A. society B. social C. socialize D. socialist 3. A. region B. farm C. field D. path 4. A. right B. belief C. limit D. spread 5. A. on B. for C. to D. at 6. A. own B. private C. individual D. personal 7. A. rises B. raises C. increases D. lift 8. A. party B. competitor C. partner D. member Exercise 10 What do you do well? What do you enjoy doing? Your answers to these two questions will help you identify your (1)___. An employer will consider you seriously for a (2)___ when you can show them that you know who you are, what you can offer and which you have studied. Sometimes it is difficult to know what your weaknesses are. Clearly not everyone is equally good (3)___everything. You may need to improve yourself and so (4)___ courses in that field could turn a weakness into strength. You will need to (5)___ some time on your self-assessment. Your honesty and the desire for self-improvement will lead to (6)___in getting the right job. Explore the following seven areas 13
13. to start to get to know yourself: your aptitude, your skills, your personality, the level of responsibility you feel comfortable with, your interests and your needs. Ask (7)___ if you have any special talents and if you need to consider your physical health when choosing a job. Be as honest and realistic as you can, and ask for other people's (8)___ if necessary. Make a list of these things. It is usually a good idea to talk about your aptitudes with teachers, family and friends. If you are considering a career that (9)___ a special talent, such as art, acrobatics, mathematics or music, discuss your aptitudes with (10)___ expert in that area and discover how they fit the needs of the occupation. 1. A. strong B. strength C. strengthen D. strengthened 2. A. position B. location C. spot D. room 3. A. upon B. in C. at D. for 4. A. meeting B. taking C. choosing D. interviewing 5. A. use B. make C. lose D. spend 6. A. success B. successful C. successful D. succeed 7. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 8. A. interests B. fieds C. opinions D. attendances 9. A. requires B. asks C. tells D. urges 10. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 5.2. READING COMPREHENSION Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Exercise 1 The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's lives are affected by IT. Twenty years ago, few people had access to a computer whilst today most people use them at work, home or school and use of e-mail and the Internet is an every day event. These developments have brought many benefits to our lives. E-mail makes communication much easier and more immediate. This has numerous benefits for business, commerce, and education. The World Wide Web means that information on every conceivable subject is now available to us. Clearly, .for many people this has made life much easier and more convenient. However, not all the effects of the new technology have been beneficial. Many people feel that the widespread use of e-mail is destroying traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-face conversation. In addition, the huge size of the Web means it is almost impossible to control and regulate. This has led to many concerns regarding children accessing unsuitable websites. In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe developments relating to new technology in the future are likely to produce many negative effects that will need to be addressed very carefully. 1. In the last twenty years,___. A. there have been dramatic changes in the field of computer science. B. people's lives have been changed a lot because of the invention of the computer. C. the World Wide Web and e-mail communication have affected modern life. D. there have been developments in telecomunications. 2. According to the passage, e-mail___. A. reduces face-to-face contact C. is used only in business B. can be checked quickly and easily D. takes a lot of time to transmit 3. The World Wide Web and e-mail communication ___. A. causes a busy and exciting life B. have also been used for education purpose C. is difficult to get access to D. is destroying traditional customs 4. Which sentence is NOT mentioned? A. The World Wide Web is difficult to navigate. B. The World Wide Web provides information. 14
14. C. The World Wide Web is difficult to control. D. E-mail communication is quick and easy. 5. The writer thinks future IT developments will be___. A. more positive B. more negative C. more rapid D. unexpected Exercise 2 Personal computers, or PCs, are an important part of our everyday lives. Many people cannot imagine life without them. One of the most important people in making these machines work is Bill Gates. Bill Gates was born in 1955 in Washington State. He grew up in a rich family. His parents sent him to a private school. There he met his business partner, Paul Allen. When they were in eighth grade, they were writing programs for business computers and making money. In 1973, Gates was accepted at Harvard University. His parents were happy. They thought he would get over his obsession with computers and become a lawyer like his father. Two years later, Gates dropped out of Harvard to work on a computer program with his friend Allen. They worked eighteen hours a day in a dormitory room at Harvard. They were writing the program that would run one of the first personal computers. In 1975, they created a company called Microsoft to sell their product. Allen became ill with cancer and left Microsoft in 1983. He recovered a few years later and started his own company. Meanwhile, Microsoft became a giant company. By 1990, at the age of thirty-four, Gates was the youngest billionaire in the history of the United States. He was the "King of Software". He achieved his success with a lot of hard work. For more than ten years, he worked sixteen-hour days, seven days a week. He had a dream and the will to succeed. By 1997, he was the richest man in the United States. 1. According to the writer, ___. A. people cannot live without personal computers B. computers play an important part of our lives C. Bill Gates invented personal computers D. Bill Gates is the most important people in computer science 2. The phrase "dropped out of" in line 7 and 8 mean ___. A. graduated from C. took part in B. got over D. stopped taking class at 3. According to the passage, ___. A. Bill Gate's parents wanted him to become a computer programmer. B. Bill Gates and Paul Allen created Microsoft because they want to sell their program for personal computers. C. Paul Allen left Microsoft because he wanted to start his own company. D. Bill Gates met his business partner at Harvard. 4. How old was Bill Gates when he became the richest man in the United States? A. 34 B. 51 C. 42 D. 44 5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? A. In a few years, Microsoft became a very large company. B. Bill Gates and Paul Allen first wrote programs for business computers when they were about fifteen. C. Bill Gates earned his success by working very hard. D. Bill Gates is the richest man in the United States. Exercise 3 The natural world is under violent assault from man. The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage. The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned. It’s little wonder forests and lakes are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing. Yet the destruction continues. 15
15. Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth’s mineral riches and to plunder its living resources. The great rainforests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened. And this happens despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people. It happens despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the Earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life forms which share this planet with us. But there is still hope. The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe – and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace. Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand. Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industri1es into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed. Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions of people. Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today. Thank God someone is making waves. Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào 10 Bùi Ánh Dương liên hệ Zalo 0988166193 1. Which of these statements is NOT made? A. Drinking water is polluted. C. Sewage isn’t processed. B. Radioactive waste poisons the sea. D. Cars and factories poison the air. 2. The writer ___. A. is surprised that the rain is poisoned. B. is unsured why the air is polluted. C. wonders why the natural world is being destroyed. D. understands why forests and lakes are being destroyed. Link Xem 3. Rainforests are being destroyed because governments and industries ___. A. are unaware of what they’re doing wrong. B. are rich and powerful. C. choose to ignore criticism. D. basically care about the environment. 4. The earth’s resources ___. A. should only be for people C. will last forever. B. can be made to last longer. D. belong to just humans and animals 5. Governments and industries ___. A. don’t know what Greenpeace thinks. B. are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace. C. can easily ignore Greenpeace. D. misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks. 16