Ôn tập thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 môn Tiếng Anh - Năm học 2020-2021

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1. A – REVIEW I. NGỮ ÂM 1. Phát âm từ 1.1. Quy tắc phát âm đuôi –ed ĐỘNG TỪ tận cùng bằng Khi thêm –ed phát âm là Phụ âm vô thanh /t/ hoặc phụ âm hữu thanh /d/ /id/ 7 phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /∫/, / /t/ t∫/ Các trường hợp còn lại /d/ Một số trường hợp không tận cùng bằng /t/, /d/ nhưng khi thêm –ed được phát âm là /id/: Hatred (sự căm ghét) wretched (tả tơi) beloved (được yêu quý) Wicked (nham hiểm) crooked (luồn cúi) unmatched (không gì sánh bằng) Rugged (lởm chởm) ragged (rách nát) 1.2. Quy tắc phát âm đuôi –s CÁC TỪ tận cùng bằng Khi thêm –s phát âm là 5 phụ âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ /s/ Các phụ âm / t∫/ /dʒ/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /iz/ Các trường hợp còn lại /z/ 1.3. Một số quy tắc phát âm khác Đuôi -tion - Phát âm /∫n/ trong đa số trường hợp: education - Phát âm là /ʒn/ trong từ equation -stion phát âm là /t∫n/ : question Phát âm th - Khi th ở đầu từ: + Các từ chức năng (đại từ, tân ngữ, mạo từ, liên từ ) -> phát âm là /δ/ Ví dụ: they, them, the, therefore, then + Đa số các từ loại khác -> phát âm là /θ/ + Các từ smooth, with -> phát âm là /δ/ - Khi thêm hậu tố vào từ để biến đổi dạng từ, th chuyển phát âm từ /θ/ thành /δ/. Ví dụ: + south /θ/-> southern /δ/ _ youth /θ/-> youths /δ/ 2. Trọng âm từ 2.1. Một số quy tắc cơ bản - DANH TỪ và TÍNH TỪ thường có trọng âm ở ÂM TIẾT ĐẦU. - ĐỘNG TỪ thường có trọng âm ở ÂM TIẾT CUỐI. - Âm tiết yếu /ə/ không nhận trọng âm. Giaoandethitienganh. info - Âm tiết dài thường có khả năng nhận trọng âm. - Đa số các tiền tố không ảnh hưởng đến vị trí trọng âm. Ví dụ: un- in- im- ir- dis- re- pre- post- non- over- - Đa số các hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến vị trí trọng âm. Ví dụ: -ful -less -able -al -ous -ly -er/or -ing -ise/ize 2.2. Các đuôi khiến trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước nó Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –tion Condition 9. –graphy Photography 17. –iency Efficiency 2. –sion Division 10. –etry Geometry 18. –ian Technician 1
2. 3. –ic/ ical Terrific, 11. –eous Advantageous 19. –ium Gymnasium musical 4. –ity Community 12. –ious Delicious 20. –nomy Economy 5. –ial Essential 13. –ety Anxiety 21. –meter Kilometer 6. –ual Individual 14. –ance Reliance 22. –ury Injury 7. –itive Competitive 15. –ience Impatience 23. –ory Memory 8. –logy Biology 16. –ient Convenient 24. –ute Contribute * trừ television * trừ arabic, politics, lunatic 2.3. Các đuôi nhận trọng âm Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –ade Lemonade 9. –aire Millionaire 17. –press (v) Express 2. –oo Bamboo 10. –self Myself 18. –tract (v) Attract 3. –ique Unique 11. –ain (v) Maintain 19. –sist (v) Assist 4. –mentary Documentary 12. –dict (v) Predict 20. –mit (v) Commit 5. –ee/ -eer* Engineer 13. –pel (v) Compel 21. –ect (v) Affect 6. –ese Vietnamese 14. –fer (v) Prefer 22. –vert (v) Convert 7. –ette Cigarette 15. –test (v) Detest 8. –esque Picturesque 16. –rupt (v) Erupt * trừ coffee, committee, employee 2.4. Các đuôi khiến trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cách nó 1 âm tiết Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ Đuôi Ví dụ 1. –ate Communicate 3. –tude Attitude 5. –ary* January 2. –ite Opposite 4. –ative Initiative * trừ extraordinary II. CÁC THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 1. Thì HIỆN TẠI 1.1. Hiện tại đơn S + V(s/es) * Diễn tả: Thói quen – Chân lí – Chu kì đều đặn – Bình luận thể thao trực tiếp – Viết trong sách, báo – Thời gian biểu, lịch trình. * Các cụm từ thường dùng: from time to time, every now and then, occasionally, generally, always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, etc. * Nhấn mạnh dùng do/ does + V: He does love you! 1.2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/ is/ are + V-ing * Diễn tả: Giaoandethitieng anh. info - Hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói. - Hành động đang xảy ra xung quanh thời điểm nói. - Hành động có tính tạm thời; một sự biến chuyển, thay đổi. Ví dụ: He usually goes to work by bus, but today he is driving his car. - Sự phàn nàn, dùng với các từ: always, forever, constantly. - Hành động đã được lên kế hoạch, sắp xếp thực hiện trong tương lai. * Các cụm từ thường dùng: now, right now, for now, at the moment, at present, for the time being, today, these days, this week, etc. * Chú ý: Không dùng hiện tại tiếp diễn với các động từ sau: - Ý kiến: agree, disagree, deny. - Tư duy: believe, consider (coi như), doubt (hoài nghi), expect (mong đợi), imagine (tưởng tượng), know, mean (có nghĩa là), realise (nhận ra), suppose (coi như), suspect (nghi ngờ), think (+of: cho rằng), understand. - Tồn tại: exist. 2
3. - Tình cảm: adore (ngưỡng mộ, yêu quý), appeal (thu hút), desire (khao khát), dislike, envy (ghen tị), fear (lo sợ), forgive (tha thứ), hate, like, love, mind (phiền), need, prefer (thích hơn), satisfy (thỏa mãn), trust (tin tưởng), want, wish. - Tri giác: appear (dường như), seem (có vẻ), sound (nghe có vẻ), look (nhìn có vẻ), taste (có vị), recognise/ recognize (nhận ra), smell (có mùi). - Sở hữu: have, belong, possess, consist, contain, cost, lack, own, owe. 1.3. Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/ has + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại. (for + khoảng thời gian; since + mốc thời gian ở quá khứ; since + quá khứ đơn; since then) - Kết quả của hành động tính đến thời điểm hiện tại (so far, up to now, until now). - Hành động đã từng/ chưa từng xảy ra tính đến hiện tại (ever, never) - Hành động đã xảy ra bao nhiêu lần tính đến hiện tại. (It’s + the first/ second/ third/ + time + Hiện tại hoàn thành) - Hành động vừa mới xảy ra. (just, recently, lately, in the last few days) - Hành động chưa xảy ra như mong đợi (câu phủ định và nghi vấn ). (yet) - Hành động xong trước mong đợi. (already) - Sau so sánh nhất. - Hành động đã xảy ra trong khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc: today, this evening, this year, etc. 1.4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Giaoandethitienganh. info S + have/ has been + V-ing * Diễn tả: - Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại, đang xảy ra ở hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục đến tương lai. Ví dụ: It has been raining for more than two hours. - Hành động vừa mới chấm dứt, có hậu quả/ kết quả tạm thời. 2. Thì QUÁ KHỨ 2.1. Quá khứ đơn S + Ved S + was/ were * Diễn tả: - Hành động xảy ra và đã chấm dứt trong quá khứ. - Sự thật, thói quen trong quá khứ. - Nhấn mạnh, dùng did + V: He did love you! 2.2. Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/ were + V-ing * Diễn tả: Giaoandethitienganh. info - Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ. - Hành động đang diễn ra xung quanh một thời điểm trong quá khứ. - Sự biến chuyển, thay đổi trong quá khứ. - Sự phàn nàn trong quá khứ. (always, forever, constantly) - Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ. - Một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ (dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn) thì một hành động xen vào, cắt ngang. (dùng quá khứ đơn) Ví dụ: We were talking about John when he suddenly came in. 2.3. Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động đang xảy ra và hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. - Hành động hoàn tất tính đến một thời điểm trong quá khứ. 2.4. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + had been + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động/ tình huống diễn ra liên tục tới một thời điểm trong quá khứ. 2.5. Used to V * Diễn tả: - Thói quen trong quá khứ đã không còn ở hiện tại. - Sự tồn tại của sự vật trong quá khứ. 3
4. 3. Thì TƯƠNG LAI 3.1. Tương lai đơn S + will + V Shall chỉ dùng cho ngôi I và we * Diễn tả: - Một phỏng đoán vô căn cứ cho tương lai. - Một quyết định ngay tại thời điểm nói, chưa có kế hoạch, dự định. - Sự hi vọng, lời hứa, lời từ chối. - Suy nghĩ, quan điểm chủ quan. - Lời đề nghị. Ví dụ: That box seems heavy. I will help you carry it upstairs. 3.2. Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will be + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong tương lai. 3.3. Tương lai hoàn thành S + will have + P2 * Diễn tả: - Hành động hoàn tất trước một thời điểm/ hành động trong tương lai. - Hành động kéo dài tới một thời điểm trong tương lai được bao lâu. 3.4. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + will have been + V-ing * Diễn tả: Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến một thời điểm trong tương lai và đang diễn ra tại thời điểm đó. 3.5. Tương lai gần S + am/ is/ are + going to V * Diễn tả: Giaoan dethitienganh. info - Dự định cho tương lai đã được sắp xếp, lên kế hoạch từ trước. - Dự đoán sự việc trong tương lai có căn cứ vào dấu hiệu ở hiện tại. Ví dụ: The sky looks cloudy. It is going to rain. 3.6. Các cấu trúc khác về tương lai - To be to V: sắp đặt chính thức/ phải làm gì - To be about to do sth: sắp sửa làm gì - To be on the point of doing sth: sắp sửa làm gì - To be on the verge of doing sth: có nguy cơ sẽ - To be due to V; sẽ đến hạn làm gì - To be bound/ certain/ sure to V: chắc chắn sẽ làm gì - To be (highly) (un)likely + to V/ that + tương lai đơn: rất/ không có khả năng sẽ - The chances are that + tương lai đơn: rất có khả năng sẽ - There’s every + chance/ likelihood + of sth V-ing: rất có khả năng sẽ - There’s a strong/ a distinct chance/ possibility that + tương lai đơn: rất có khả năng sẽ - The odds are against sth; rất ít khả năng sẽ III. DẠNG ĐỘNG TỪ V + V-ing V + to V V + O + to V Avoid (tránh) Afford (đủ khả năng) Advise (khuyên) Admit (thừa nhận) Agree (đồng ý) Allow (cho phép) Advise (khuyên nhủ) Appear (xuất hiện) Ask (yêu cầu) Appreciate (đánh giá) Arrange (sắp xếp) Beg (van xin) Complete (hoàn thành) Ask (hỏi, yêu cầu) Cause (gây ra) Consider (xem xét) Beg (nài nỉ, van xin) Challenge (thách thức) Delay (trì hoãn) Care (chăm sóc) Convince (thuyết phục) Deny (từ chối) Claim (đòi hỏi, yêu cầu) Dare (dám) Discuss (thảo luận) Consent (bằng lòng) Encourage (khuyến khích) Dislike (không thích) Decide (quyết định) Expect (mong đợi) Enjoy (thích) Demand (yêu cầu) Forbid (cấm) Finish (hoàn thành) Deserve (xứng đáng) Force (buộc) Keep (tiếp tục) Expect (mong đợi) Hire (thuê) Mention (đề cập) Fail (thất bại) Instruct (hướng dẫn) 4
5. Mind (phiền, ngại) Hesitate (do dự) Invite (mời) Miss (nhớ, bỏ lỡ) Hope (hi vọng) Need (cần) Postpone (trì hoãn) Learn (học) Order (ra lệnh) Practice (luyện tập) Manage (sắp xếp) Permit (cho phép) Quit (nghỉ, thôi) Mean (ý định) Persuade (thuyết phục) Recall (nhắc nhở, nhớ) Need (cần) Remind (nhắc nhở) Recollect (nhớ ra) Offer (đề nghị) Require (đòi hỏi) Recommend (nhắc nhở) Teach (dạy) Resent (bực tức) Tell (bảo) Resist (kháng cự) Urge (thúc giục) Risk (rủi ro) Want (muốn) Suggest (đề nghị) Warn (báo trước) Tolerate (chịu đựng, bao dung) Giaoande thitienganh. info Understand (hiểu) Can’t help (không nhịn được) It is no use/ no good (vô ích) Would you mind Be used to (quen với) Be/ get accustomed to (dần quen với) Be busy (bận rộn) Be worth (xứng đáng) Look forward to (trông mong) Have difficulty/ fun/ trouble IV. SỰ TƯƠNG HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ 1. Chủ ngữ của câu là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng ‘and’ - Hai danh từ cùng chỉ một người/ một vật -> Vsố ít. Ví dụ: The director and actor is here. (cùng một người là đạo diễn kiêm diễn viên) - Hai danh từ cùng hai người/ hai vật khác nhau -> Vsố nhiều. Ví dụ: The director and actor are here. (hai người khác nhau) 2. Câu có hai danh từ làm chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng: with, together with, along with, accompanied by, added to, in addition to, as well as, including -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ NHẤT Ví dụ: The girl with her brother is here. 3. Câu có hai danh từ làm chủ ngữ nối với nhau bằng: or, nor, not only .but also, either or, neither nor -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ HAI Ví dụ: You and I am wrong. 4. Chủ ngữ của câu là - The number of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố ít - The numbers of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều - A number of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều 5. Chủ ngữ là các cụm từ Giaoandethitienganh. info - All, Most, Some, Half, The majority, The minority, .%, x/y, None + of + Nsố ít -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: 99% of your success depends on your hard work. - All, Most, Some, Half, The majority, The minority, .%, x/y, None + of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: All of the students are excited about the coming trip. 6. Các danh từ luôn luôn là số nhiều: police, staff, cattle, poultry, crew, clergy (giới tăng lữ), troops, goods, congratulations, army Ví dụ: The police are here. 7. Các đại lượng chỉ tiền, thời gian, khối lượng, khoảng cách, kích cỡ luôn luôn là số ít. Ví dụ: Twenty five minutes is not enough. 5
6. 8. Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng giới từ -> động từ chia theo DANH TỪ THỨ NHẤT Ví dụ: The legs of the table are too short. 9. ‘The + adj’ chỉ một tập hợp người, một tầng lớp, một dân tộc -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: The rich are not always happy. 10. Tên môn học, bệnh, tạp chí, địa danh tận cùng bằng ‘s’ -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Physics is my favourite subject. 11. Câu có chủ ngữ là ‘There’ thì động từ chia theo danh từ thứ nhất sau chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: There is a dog, two cats and three birds in the garden. 12. Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng cấu trúc both and -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: Both you and I are wrong. 13. Chủ ngữ là danh từ bắt đầu bằng: every , no , and -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Everything is ready. 14. Each, Every, Neither, Either of + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố ít Ví dụ: Each of the students is ready. 15. Each, Every + N1 and each/ every + N2-> Vsố ít 16. Many a + Nsố ít -> động từ chia SỐ ÍT: biết bao nhiêu . Ví dụ: Many of a good man has been destroyed by drink. 17. The + họ + ‘s’: cả gia đình -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: The Blacks are here. 18. A great many + Nsố nhiều -> Vsố nhiều Ví dụ: A great many students like learning English. 19. Các danh từ chỉ tập hợp: family, team, group, etc. - Chia động từ số ít khi ngụ ý cả 1 gia đình, đội, nhóm . - Chia động từ số nhiều khi ngụ ý nhấn mạnh các thành viên. V. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN 1. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 1 (Một giả thiết có thể xảy ra trong tương lai) If + S + V (thì hiện tại), S + will + V Ví dụ: If the weather is fine, we will go swimming tomorrow. * Có thể thay S + will + V bằng: - S + can/ may + V. - S + be going to + V. * Câu mệnh lệnh: Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Should lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: Should you meet her tomorrow, ask her to phone me. 2. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 2 (Một giả thiết trái với chân lí, sự thật ở hiện tại, không thể xảy ra) If + S + Ved (thì quá khứ đơn/ quá khứ tiếp diễn), S + would/ might/ could + V Ví dụ: If I were taller, I would be a model. Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Were lên trước chủ ngữ. Were + S + (to V), S + would + V * Câu điều kiện loại 2 với nghĩa: Nếu không vì ., If I were not for sb/ sth, S + would + V = Were it not for sb/ sth, S + would + V = But for sb/ sth, S + would + V = Without sb/ sth, S + would + V Ví dụ: If it were not for this bad weather, we would be on the beach now. 3. Câu điều kiện LOẠI 3 (Một giả thiết trái với sự việc trong quá khứ, không thể xảy ra) If + S + had P2, S + would/ might/ could + P2 Ví dụ: If he had stayed at home last night, he would have met her. Chuyển sang câu đảo ngữ: bỏ If, đảo Had lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: Had he stayed at home last night, he would have met her. * Câu điều kiện loại 3 với nghĩa: Nếu không vì ., If it had not been for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 6
7. = Had it not been for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 = But for sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 = Without sb/ sth, S + would + have P2 Ví dụ: If it had not been for the rain, we would have gone swimming yesterday. 4. Câu điều kiện HỖN HỢP 4.1. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp 3 – 2 (giả thiết trái với sự thật trong quá khứ dẫn đến kết quả trái với sự thật ở hiện tại) If + S + had P2, S + would/ might/ could + V Ví dụ: If he had graduated from a university, he would get this job now. 4.2. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp 2 – 3 (giả thiết trái với sự thật không thể thay đổi dẫn đến hành động không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ) If + S + V(quá khứ đơn), S + would/ might/ could + have P2 Ví dụ: If I were taller, I would have been a model ten years ago. 5. Các từ nối có thể thay thế IF - Unless: Nếu .không . - In case: Để đề phòng trường hợp - Provided, Providing, As long as: miễn là - Suppose, Supposing, Imagine: giả sử - Câu điều kiện với ‘or else’ hoặc ‘otherwise’ (Or else = otherwise = if not) Ví dụ: I need to earn enough money, or else/ otherwise I will not buy that new car. ( = If I can’t earn enough money, I will not buy that new car) VI. CÂU AO ƯỚC ( I wish = If only) 1. Ước cho hiện tại và tương lai (không có thật) S1 + wish + S1/S2 + would + Ved(be = were) Ví dụ: I am short of money. I wish I had a lot of money now. 2. Ước cho quá khứ (không có thật) S1 + wish + S1/S2 + had + P2 Ví dụ: I wish I had gone to her party last week. 3. Phàn nàn về một việc không vừa ý đang hoặc sẽ xảy ra S1 + wish + S1/S2 + would + V Ví dụ: I wish you would stop making so much noise. VII. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ THUỘC TRONG CÂU GHÉP CHÍNH PHỤ 1. Mệnh đề chỉ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ - Although/ Even though/ Though + S + V Ví dụ: Though she is rich, she is mean. - Although/ Even though/ Though + adj/ adv Ví dụ: Though rich, she is mean. - Although/ Even though/ Though + P2, S + V Ví dụ: Though surrounded by a lot of people, he still found her. - Although/ Even though/ Though + giới từ + N, S + V Ví dụ: Although in difficulty, she helped me. - S1 + V1. S2 + V2, though. Ví dụ: She was in difficulty. She helped me, though. * Đảo ngữ mang nghĩa nhượng bộ: Adj + though/ as + S + V Ví dụ: Good looking though/ as she is, she didn’t win that beauty contest. * Much as (mặc dù rất nhiều): Much as + S + V, S + V. Ví dụ: Much as I tried, I couldn’t manage to deliver a good presentation. * Cấu trúc tương đương với Although/ Though/ Even though: - Despite/ In spite of + N/ V-ing, S + V. - Despite/ In spite of + the fact that , S + V. 7
8. Ví dụ: Despite/ In spite of being tired after a hard-working day, she spent the whole evening tidying up her house. (= Although she was tired after a hard-working day, she spent the whole evening tidying up her house.) 2. Mệnh đề chỉ MỤC ĐÍCH So that/ in order that + S + V Ví dụ: I am studying hard so that/ in order that I will pass the exam next week. * Cấu trúc tương đương: so as to/ in order to + V Ví dụ: I am studying hard so as to/ in order to pass the exam next week. ( = I am studying hard so that I can pass the exam next week.) 3. Mệnh đề chỉ NGUYÊN NHÂN Because/ Since/ As + S + V Ví dụ: I couldn’t go out because/ since/ as the rain was heavy. * Cấu trúc tương đương: because of/ owing to/ due to/ thanks to + N/ Ving. Ví dụ: I couldn’t go out because of the heavy rain. 4. Mệnh đề chỉ THỜI GIAN - when S + V: khi . Ví dụ: I saw her when she was walking over there. - while S + V: trong khi Ví dụ: I was watching TV while she was cooking. - before S + V: trước khi Ví dụ: She had learnt in this high school before she entered university. - after S + V: sau khi Ví dụ: I will tell you after I have finished my work. - as soon as S + V: ngay khi Ví dụ: You have to phone me as soon as you arrive. - until S + V: cho đến khi . Ví dụ: You have to wait here until I come back. VIII. CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI 1. Một số quy tắc chung - Mệnh đề chính dạng khẳng định -> phần đuôi dạng phủ định. - Mệnh đề chính dạng phủ định -> phần đuôi dạng khẳng định. Ví dụ: John is good at basketball, isn’t he? - Mệnh đề chính có các yếu tố phủ định như: no, none, neither, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarely, barely -> phần đuôi dạng khẳng định Ví dụ: She hardly comes to class on time, does she? - Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính là every , no , any -> phần đuôi dùng .they. Ví dụ: Everyone enjoyed the film, didn’t they? 2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt 1. I am ., aren’t I? 5. .used to V , didn’t ? 2. I am not ., am I? 6. .had better ., hadn’t ? 3. Câu mệnh lệnh, will you? 7. .has/ have got ., hasn’t/ haven’t ? 4. Let’s ., shall we? 8. There , there? IX. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG 1. Cấu trúc biến đổi từ chủ động sang bị động Thì/ Dạng của động từ Chủ động Bị động Hiện tại thường V(s/es) is/ are P2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn am/ is/ are + Ving is/ are being P2 Quá khứ thường Ved was/ were P2 Quá khứ tiếp diễn was/ were + Ving was/ were being P2 Hiện tại hoàn thành have/ has + P2 has/ have been P2 Quá khứ hoàn thành had P2 had been P2 Tương lai thường will V will be P2 8
9. Tương lai gần is going to V is going to be P2 Động từ nguyên thể 1 to V to be P2 Động từ nguyên thể 2 to have P2 to have been P2 Động từ -ing 1 Ving being P2 Động từ -ing 2 having P2 having been P2 Động từ khuyết thiếu can V can be P2 2. Dạng nhờ bảo: HAVE/ GET 2.1. have sb do sth - nhờ ai làm gì giúp cho: I often have my sister clean my room. - ai làm việc gì gây tổn thất cho mình: i had a strange men steal my car. 2.2. have sth done (by sb) - có việc gì được làm giúp bởi ai: I often have my room cleaned by sister. - bị việc gì gây tổn thất cho mình: I had my car stolen by a strange man. 2.3. get sb to do sth - nhờ ai làm gì giúp cho: I often get my sister to clean my room. 2.4. get sth done - có việc gì được làm giúp bởi ai: I often get my room cleaned by my sister. - tự mình phải làm gì cho xong: I must get my homework done tonight. 3. Câu bị động từ câu chủ động có hai mệnh đề - Chủ động: S1 + V1 + (that) + S2 + V2 (V1= say, think, believe, report ) - Bị động: It + (be) + said/ thought/ believed/ reported + (that) + S2 + V2 S2 + (be) + said/ thought/ believed/ reported + to V2 (V1 và V2 cùng thì) + to have P2 (V1 và V2 khác thì) + to be V2-ing (tiếp diễn) Ví dụ: People say that he was a doctor. -> It is said that he was a doctor. -> He is said to have been a doctor. * Trong câu bị động, trạng ngữ chỉ địa điểm đứng trước by + tân ngữ, trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + tân ngữ. Ví dụ: The house was built at the end of the street by the villagers ten years ago. X. CÂU TRỰC TIẾP – GIÁN TIẾP Biến đổi ĐẠI TỪ/ TÂN NGỮ/ TÍNH TỪ SỞ HỮU/ ĐẠI TỪ SỞ HỮU Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp I He/ she You I/ me/ they/ them We They Us Them My His/ her Your My/ their Biến đổi ĐỘNG TỪ Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp - Simple present - Simple past - Present progressive - past progressive - Present/ Past perfect/ Past simple - past perfect - Simple future - would + V - Can/ May - could/ might - Must/ have to - had to - should/ ought to - should/ ought to - will/ shall/ won’t - would/ should/ wouldn’t - needn’t - didn’t have to/ needn’t 9
10. Biến đổi TỪ CHỈ THỜI GIAN/ ĐỊA ĐIỂM Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp - today/ tonight - that day/ night - yesterday - the day before/ the previous day - the day before yesterday - two days before - tomorrow - the next/ the following day/ the day after - the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time - next day/ week/ - the following/ next day/ week - last week/ month/ - the previous week/ month; the week/ month before - ago - before/ earlier - now - then - this/ these - that/ those - here - there - in 5 days - in 5 days’ time 1. Câu trần thuật - Dùng động từ tường thuật: said that/ told sb that Ví dụ: He said: “I am going to see you here tomorrow”. -> He said that he was going to see me there the next day. 2. Câu hỏi YES – NO - Dùng động từ tường thuật: ask/ inquire/ wonder/ want to know - Sau động từ tường thuật dung ‘if’ hoặc ‘whether’ - Đổi cấu trúc câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật Ví dụ: He said to me: “Do you like here?” -> He asked me if I lived there. 3. Câu hỏi Wh- - Dùng động từ tường thuật: ask/ inquire/ wonder/ want to know - Sau động từ tường thuật dung từ để hỏi wh- (what, where, when, why, which, who, how long, how far, ) - Đổi cấu trúc câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật Ví dụ: He said to me: “Where did you live ten years ago?” -> He asked me where I had lived ten years before. 4. Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu, gợi ý, khuyên . Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp What about + Ving? Suggest + Ving Why don’t you + V? Suggest + Ving hoặc advise sb + to V Could I have sth? Ask for sth Could you + V? Ask sb to V Would you mind + Ving? Ask sb to V hoặc ask sb if he/ she could + V Would you like sth? Offer sth to sb Would you like to go to ? Invite sb to Would you like to V? Invited sb to V Shall I do sth for you? Offer to V Shall we + V? Suggest + Ving * Một số cấu trúc thường gặp: - insist on (sb) Ving; insist that + S + V: khăng khăng - demand to V; demand that + S + V: đòi hỏi - request to V; request that + S + V: đề nghị - require to V; require that + S + V: yêu cầu - command sb to V: ra mệnh lệnh cho ai phải làm 10
11. - order sb to V; order that + S + V: ra lệnh - instruct sb to V: ra hướng dẫn - compel sb to V: ép buộc - warn sb to V: cảnh báo - urge sb to V: hối thúc - accuse sb of Ving: cáo buộc - apologize to sb for Ving: xin lỗi * Khi chuyển câu phủ định sang gián tiếp thì chuyển động từ tường thuật (believe, expect, feel, intend, plan, propose, suppose, want, think) sang phủ định. Ví dụ: “I’m sure it is not dangerous’. -> She didn’t thonk it was dangerous. 5. Các trường hợp câu gián tiếp KHÔNG LÙI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ 5.1. Động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại Ví dụ: He often says: “I am the best.” -> He often says that he is the best. 5.2. Câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 Ví dụ: He said: “If I had money, I would buy a car.” -> He said that if he had money, he would buy a car. 5.3. Câu ao ước cho quá khứ, hiện tại, tương lai Ví dụ: He said: “I wish I had a car.” -> He said that he wished he had a car. 5.4. Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: He said: “The sun rises in the East.” -> He said that the sun rises in the East. 5.5. Câu ở quá khứ đơn có điểm thời gian chính xác Ví dụ: “He died in 1921/ on Monday.” -> They told me that he died in 1921/ on Monday. 5.6. would rather, would sooner, had better, should, could, might Ví dụ: “I would rather go by bike than walk”. -> He said that he would rather go by bike than walk. 5.7. Mệnh đề sau ‘It’s time’ Ví dụ: He said: “It’s time I went home”. -> He said that it was time he went home. 5.8. Mệnh đề sau as if, as though (không đúng với sự thật) Ví dụ: He said: “She looks as if she were a queen”. -> He said that she looked as if she were a queen. XI. MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - Mệnh đề quan hệ đặt ngay sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa và được bắt đầu bằng các từ quan hệ: who, which, that, whose, when, where, why. WHO: thay thế danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. WHOM: thay thế danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. WHICH: thay thế danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. THAT: thay thế danh từ chỉ người và chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. WHOSE: chỉ sự sở hữu, sau ‘whose’ là danh từ. WHEN (=on/ at/ in + which): thay cho trạng từ chỉ thời gian. WHERE (=on/ at/ in/ from + which): thay cho trạng từ chỉ địa điểm. WHY (=for which): thay cho từ chỉ lí do. 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định - Cung cấp thông tin quan trọng giúp xác định danh từ/ cụm từ đứng trước; giúp câu đủ nghĩa. Ví dụ: My father is the man who understands me most. - Không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề quan hệ. - Có thể bỏ từ quan hệ (who, whom, which, that) làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. 11
12. Ví dụ: He is talking about the girl who/ that he met last week. 2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - Cung cấp thêm thông tin về danh từ/ cụm từ đã tự xác định đứng trước, có thể bỏ đi câu vẫn rõ nghĩa. Ví dụ: The Moon, which was so bright, showed the beauty of the garden. - Có dấu phẩy ngăn cách mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề quan hệ. - Không dung ‘that’ với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. - Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định với: all, both, few, most, several, some, + of + whom/ which. Ví dụ: I have two close friends, both of whom are living abroad now. * Chú ý: - ‘which’ có thể đứng sau dấu phẩy, thay thế cho nghĩa của cả mệnh đề trước nó. Ví dụ: You won the race, which made me happy. - Dùng ‘that’ để thay thế cho cụm danh từ bao gồm cả người và vật. Ví dụ: The man and his dog that came here last night have been arrested. - Dùng ‘that’ để thay thế cho cụm danh từ đi kèm so sánh nhất. Ví dụ: This is the most delicious dish that I’ve ever tasted. - Sau các đại từ nghi vấn: Who/What. Ví dụ: Who is that made you sad> 3. Rút gọn các mệnh đề quan hệ 3.1. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành ‘To V’ - Sau từ chỉ số thứ tự: first, second, next, last, etc. Ví dụ: He was the last person who left the place. He was the last person to leave the place. - Sau ‘only’, ‘very’. - Sau so sánh nhất. - Chỉ mục đích. 3.2. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành ‘V-ing’ - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động Ví dụ: She is the lady who lent me her phone. -> She is the lady lending me her phone. 3.3. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành ‘P2’ - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động. Ví dụ: The book which was written by J.K. Rowling is very interesting. -> The book written by J.K. Rowling is very interesting. 3.4. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm danh từ Ví dụ: Ms. Young, who is our librarian, lent me this book. -> Ms. Young, our librarian, lent me this book. 3.5. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm tính từ Ví dụ: Anyone who is interested can come to the festival. -> Anyone interested can come to the festival. 3.6. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm giới từ Ví dụ: I want to borrow the book which is on the table. -> I want to borrow the book on the table. XII. ĐẢO NGỮ 1. Đảo ngữ trong câu đơn Khi các từ/ cụm từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng đầu câu với mục đích nhấn mạnh: - No, Not, Neither, Nor, Never (before, again, in my life, ): không . Ví dụ: Never have we witnessed such cruel behavior. - Seldom, Barely, Hardly, Little, Scarcely: hiếm khi, hầu như không - No longer/ No more: không nữa, Nowhere: không nơi nào - At no time: không bao giờ - On no account: không vì bất kì lí do gì 12
13. - On no condition: hoàn cảnh nào cũng không - In no way: không có cách nào - In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong hoàn cảnh nào cũng không - Only giới từ + N/ Ving Ví dụ: Only after saying goodbye did I realize that I had left my wallet in his car. - Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này - Only then/ later: chỉ sau đó Ví dụ: Only then did I understand what I had done. 2. Đảo ngữ trong câu phức 2.1. Vừa mới .thì đã . - Hardly/ Seldom/ Barely/ Scarely + had + S + P2 + when + S + Ved - No sooner + had + S + P2 + than + S + Ved Ví dụ: No sooner had he finished dinner than he started feeling ill. 2.2. Không những .mà còn . - Not only mệnh đề 1 ĐẢO NGỮ but S + also + V - Not only mệnh đề 1 ĐẢO NGỮ but S + V + as well 2.3. Không thế này cũng chẳng thế kia Neither mệnh đề 1 ĐẢO NGỮ, nor mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ. Ví dụ: Neither did she come to the party, nor did she reply to the invitation. 2.4. Chỉ khi mà .: Only when mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ 2.5. Chỉ nếu như .: Only if mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ 2.6. Chỉ sau khi .: Only after mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ 2.7. Chỉ trước khi .: Only before mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ 2.8. Mãi cho tới khi : Not until + mốc thời gian/ mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2 ĐẢO NGỮ Ví dụ: Not until I got home did I realise my bracelet was missing. * Cấu trúc sau cũng có nghĩa là mãi cho tới khi nhưng KHÔNG ĐẢO NGỮ: It is/ was NOT UNTIL điểm thời gian/ mệnh đề 1 THAT mệnh đề 2 Ví dụ: It was not until I got home that I realized my bracelet was missing. 3. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện 3.1. Câu điều kiện loại 1: bỏ ‘If’ và dung ‘Should’ đứng đầu câu. Ví dụ: If we are lucky enough, we will be the champions of the football tournament. -> Should we be lucky enough, we will be the champions of the football tournament. 3.2. Câu điều kiện loại 2: bỏ ‘If’ và dung ‘Were’ đứng đầu câu, nếu câu động từ chính là động từ thường thì dung ‘to V’. Ví dụ: If I were you, I wouldn’t do it. -> Were I you, I wouldn’t do it. 3.3. Câu điều kiện loại 3: bỏ ‘If’ và đảo ‘Had’ lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: If I had understood the problem, I wouldn’t have made those mistakes. -> Had I understood the problem, I wouldn’t have made those mistakes. 4. Đảo tính từ/ trạng từ 4.1. Mặc dù : Adj/ Adv + as/ though + S1 V1, S2 V2 Ví dụ: Hard as he tried, he couldn’t finish the project on time. 4.2. Cho dù như thế nào .: - No matter how + adj/ adv + S1 V1, S2 V2 Ví dụ: No matter how hard he tried, he couldn’t finish the project on time. - However + adj/ adv + S1 V1, S2 V2 4.3. Đến nỗi mà : Such + be + S + that + mệnh đề 2 4.5. Dù cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng không thể . - Hiện tại: Try as sb may, S + V - Quá khứ: Try as sb might, S + Ved 5. Đảo động từ đã chia lên trước chủ ngữ 13
14. - Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm (Here, There, On, At, In, Inside, Outside, Behind)/ Trạng từ chỉ phương hướng (Out, Up, Into, Down) đứng đầu câu -> đảo ĐỘNG TỪ ĐÃ CHIA lên trước chủ ngữ. Ví dụ: Here comes our bus. * KHÔNG ĐẢO NGỮ nếu chủ ngữ trong câu là đại từ: I, we, you, they, he, she, it. Ví dụ: Here we come! B – PRACTICE EXERCISES SECTION 1 – PHONETICS 1.1. PRONUNCIATION Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. Exercise 1 1. A. predict B. preparation C. expect D. extensive 2. A. abrupt B. funnel C. volume D. thunder 3. A. climate B. comprise C. consist D. divide 4. A. economic B. conclusion C. sailor D. minority 5. A. united B. university C. universe D. unknown 6. A. design B. loose C. style D. symbol 7. A. choice B. research C. schedule D. chopsticks 8. A. hobby B. deny C. poetry D. primary 9. A. bottle B. folk C. orange D. chopsticks 10. A. qualify B. baggy C. grocery D. scenery Exercise 2 1. A. home B. come C. some D. honey 2. A. pray B. separate C. champagne D. viable 3. A. depend B. secondary C. deposit D. respond 4. A. correspond B. minority C. worship D. course 14
15. 5. A. crier B. instruction C. interactive D. impress 6. A. remote B. atmosphere C. convenient D. commercial 7. A. kits B. photographs C. laughs D. chores 8. A. education B. dangerous C. modern D. media 9. A. creature B. bear C. jeans D. reach 10. A. channel B. chat C. school D. chance Exercise 3 1. A. rickshaw B. carnival C. ruin D. island 2. A. setting B. fortress C. heritage D. complex 3. A. recognize B. recommend C. protect D. preserve 4. A. locate B. situate C. pagoda D. landscape 5. A. behave B. border C. destroy D. erupt 6. A. fixture B. hurricane C. lift D. strike 7. A. volcano B. damage C. earthquake D. teenager 8. A. laugh B. highlands C. flashlight D. although 9. A. object B. innovation C. conserve D. pollution 10. A. ultimately B. funnel C. erupt D. nuclear Exercise 4 1. A. urban B. multicultural C. stuck D. rubber 2. A. manual B. thatched C. arctic D. asset 3. A. exporter B. pedestrian C. entertain D. event 4. A. frustrated B. behave C. tram D. frame 5. A. dogsled B. concentrate C. complex D. metropolitan 6. A. exporter B. fortress C. affordable D. conduct 7. A. emergency B. helpline C. depressed D. dweller 8. A. cooperative B. igloo C. boom D. roof 9. A. metro B. domed C. oceania D. workshop 10. A. citadel B. cavern C. administrative D. paradise Exercise 5 1. A. craft B. lacquerware C. factor D. adulthood 2. A. concentrate B. cognitive C. workshop D. confident 3. A. variety B. limestone C. tiled D. rickshaw 4. A. conduct B. urban C. tunnel D. stuck 5. A. complex B. cavern C. citadel D. contestant 6. A. chopped B. fried C. starved D. described 7. A. noodles B. steams C. vegetables D. sausages 8. A. assigned B. cooked C. reduced D. sliced 9. A. dessert B. starter C. mineral D. mandarin 10. A. served B. layered C. enclosed D. liked Exercise 6 1. A. together B. healthy C. nothing D. authentic 2. A. chef B. charity C. parachute D. champagne 3. A. fee B. degree C. coffee D. achieve 4. A. destination B. vacation C. question D. urbanisation 5. A. facilities B. cuisine C. exist D. cruise 6. A. prefer B. wonder C. quicker D. consider 7. A. pioneer B. peel C. meat D. green 8. A. expansion B. explosion C. vision D. decision 9. A. natural B. potential C. mature D. fluctuate 10. A. conserve B. preserve C. reserve D. Japanese 1.2. WORD STRESS 15
16. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose primary stress is placed differently from that of the others. Exercise 1 1. A. handicraft B. lacquer C. artisan D. pottery 2. A. historical B. embroidery C. authority D. architecture 3. A. famous B. village C. workshop D. bamboo 4. A. business B. experience C. grandparent D. chocolate 5. A. transfer B. publish C. accept D. remind 6. A. adolescence B. adulthood C. cognitive D. concentrate 7. A. confident B. delighted C. depressed D. embarrassed 8. A. emergency B. frustrated C. independence D. decision 9. A. relaxed B. worried C. wander D. dweller 10. A. discipline B. determine C. cultural D. indicator Exercise 2 1. A. fabulous B. reliable C. variety D. forbidden 2. A. craftsman B. layer C. sculpture D. preserve 3. A. elegant B. regional C. musical D. effective 4. A. recommend B. thoroughly C. travelling D. fascinate 5. A. windsurfing B. equipment C. amateur D. national 6. A. coincide B. community C. conception D. committee 7. A. stimulate B. organize C. efficient D. terminal 8. A. widlife B. afford C. mountain D. passport 9. A. parabolic B. astronomy C. experiment D. collaborate 10. A. spacewalk B. trainee C. object D. private Exercise 3 1. A. companion B. spectacular C. ecotourism D. extraordinary 2. A. destination B. picturesque C. mausoleum D. cathedral 3. A. atmosphere B. astounding C. attraction D. amazing 4. A. impressive B. imposing C. peaceful D. fantastic 5. A. tidal B. abrupt C. cyclone D. hurricane 6. A. typhoon B. compose C. joyful D. occur 7. A. forbid B. cancel C. repeat D. prevent 8. A. machine B. pollute C. nature D. exhaust 9. A. recent B. reduce C. suggest D. collect 10. A. electricity B. population C. necessity D. innovation Exercise 4 1. A. arctic B. occasion C. rickshaw D. noticeable 2. A. urban B. asset C. indicator D. artisan 3. A. wander B. downtown C. annoyed D. astonished 4. A. layer B. independence C. confident D. sculpture 5. A. workshop B. mushroom C. negative D. recognition 6. A. affordable B. underpass C. lacquerware D. craftsman 7. A. fabulous B. variety C. reliable D. remind 8. A. picturesque B. recognition C. adolescence D. astonished 9. A. compartment B. exported C. manual D. relaxed 10. A. facility B. igloo C. event D. embarrassed Exercise 5 1. A. annoyed B. astonished C. pedestrian D. sandals 2. A. rubber B. astounding C. administrative D. relaxed 3. A. skyscraper B. downtown C. craftsman D. sculpture 4. A. surface B. limestone C. structure D. illiterate 5. A. event B. index C. metro D. dweller 16
17. 6. A. avacado B. archeology C. ingredient D. vinaigrette 7. A. alternate B. accommodate C. facilitate D. communicate 8. A. campaigner B. environment C. millennium D. populous 9. A. exotic B. romantic C. economic D. phonetic 10. A. comfortable B. development C. vocabulary D. derivatives Exercise 6 1. A. international B. approximately C. flexibility D. understood 2. A. obesity B. cigarette C. intensively D. dramatically 3. A. computer B. itinerary C. passenger D. enormous 4. A. experiment B. experience C. expedition D. excursion 5. A. advertise B. candidate C. astronaut D. astronomy 6. A. technical B. package C. diameter D. temperature 7. A. discovery B. spacesuit C. participate D. technology 8. A. quality B. benefit C. opinion D. purpose 9. A. performance B. financially C. externally D. exhibition 10. A. emotionally B. responsive C. activity D. opportunity SECTION 2 – ERROR IDENTIFICATION Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correcting in each of the following questions. Exercise 1 1. Mary was determined to leave (A) the office by (B) 4:30 for catching (C) early train home (D). 2. I often look into (A) new words in (B) the dictionary whenever (C) I don’t know their (D) meanings. 3. Even (A) on the most careful (B) prepared trip (C), problems will sometimes (D) develop. 4. The existence (A) of many stars in the sky lead (B) us to suspect that there may be (C) life on another (D) planet. 5. It is believed (A) that in the near future (B) robots will be used to doing (C) things such as (D) cooking. 6. My father used to give (A) me a good advice (B) whenever (C) I had a problem (D). 7. The teacher asked him why (A) hadn’t he done (B) his homework, but (C) he said nothing (D). 8. Although his family is (A) poor, but (B) he studies (C) very well (D). 9. The package (A) must be wrapped (B) carefully before (C) it is post (D). 10. I am (A) very interesting (B) in problems caused (C) by pollution (D). Exercise 2 1. No one would have attended (A) the lecture if you told (B) the truth about (C) the guest speaker (D). 2. Because (A) his sickness (B), he didn’t take (C) part in the English competition (D). 3. A galaxy, where (A) may include billions of (B) stars, is (C) held together (D) by gravitation attraction. 4. The tongue is the principal (A) organ of taste (B), and is (C) crucial for chewing, swallowed (D), and speaking. 5. Each of the members(A) of the group were (B) made to write (C) a report every week (D). 6. Why don’t (A) you congratulate our son about (B) passing (C) his final (D) exam? 7. Neither of the girls (A) have (B) turned in the term papers to the (C) instructor yet (D). 8. The secretary told (A) me that an important file had left (B) in the lunch room just (C) the other (D) day. 9. The (A) little boy’s mother bought him (B) a five-speeds (C) racing bicycle for (D) his birthday. 10. Since (A) fireworks are dangerous (B), many countries have laws to prevent (C) businesses to sell (D) them. Exercise 3 1. Dams are used to control flooding (A), provide water for irrigation (B) and generating (C) electricity for the surrounding area (D). 2. The closer it gets to (A) December 21, the first day (B) of winter, the short (C) the days become (D). 17
18. 3. Either (A) Mr Anderson or (B) Ms Wiggins are (C) going to teach our class today (D). 4. My parents (A) often take careful (B) of me when (C) I am ill (D). 5. Have you (A) ever read (B) any (C) novels writing (D) by Jack London? 6. Publishing in the UK (A), the book has won (B) a number of awards in (C) recent regional book fairs (D). 7. Perhaps the most (A) unique thing about (B) carbon atoms are (C) their ability to combine (D) with themselves. 8. Her family had great difficulty (A) to get (B) her transferred (C) to another (D) hospital. 9. Hardly he had (A) entered the office (B) when he realized (C) that he had forgotten (D) his wallet. 10. The economy is heavy (A) dependent on industry (B), and economic growth has always been (C) of greater concern than (D) environmental preservation. Exercise 4 1. Could you help (A) me do (B) this job? I don’t know how to get (C) it start (D). 2. The man was (A) unable discovering (B) who had thrown (C) stones at (D) him. 3. Many opinions have (A) been express (B) on the likely (C) effects of the computer (D). 4. Traditionally (A), Americans and (B) Asians have had very different (C) ideas about love and married (D). 5. Many (A) teachers have devoted their (B) lives to (C) teaching therefore (D) teaching is not a well- paid job. 6. Had it not (A) been for you help me (B), I wouldn’t (C) have succeeded (D). 7. There are (A) many different ways of comparing (B) the economy of one nation with those (C) of another (D). 8. The number of (A) people who (B) survived the Titanic shipwreck (C) in 1912 were (D) quite small. 9. If a person really wants (A) to succeed, they (B) must always work (C) hard (D). 10. The number of wild condors, and endangered species of (A) bird, have been (B) increasing steadily (C) because of (D) the work of scientists and environmnetalists. Exercise 5 1. Newtonian physics account (A) from (B) the observation (C) of the orbits (D) of the plants and moons. 2. The (A) man whom (B) I want to meet him (C) was away on business (D). 3. The (A) result of (B) that test must (C) be informed (D) before August. 4. Vietnam exports (A) a lot of rice is grown (B) mainly in the south (C) of the country (D). 5. Today was such beautiful day (A) that I couldn’t bring myself (B) to complete (C) all my chores (D). 6. We were (A) advised (B) not driking (C) the water in (D) the bottle. 7. Jim and his brother are (A) alike (B); they both (C) look after (D) their father. 8. One of the most (A) serious problems (B) face (C) us now is the need (D) to control population growth. 9. Not until (A) I was on my way (B) to the airport that I realized (C) I had left my passport at home (D). 10. Students suppose (A) to read all the questions (B) carefully and find out (C) the answers to them (D). Exercise 6 1. What would (A) happen if (B) the temperature (C) is warmer (D)? 2. Some people enjoy preparing (A) their own meals while another (B) would rather eat (C) out regularly (D). 3. It takes over (A) four years for light (B) from (C) the nearest star reaching (D) the earth. 4. There are (A) probably around (B) 3,000 languages speaking (C) in the world (D). 5. Those applicants who (A) return their completed (B) forms at (C) the earliest date that have (D) the highest priority. 6. Please give (A) me a few (B) more sugar in (C) my coffee. I prefer (D) it sweet. 7. Some students think that get (A) a good mark is (B) the most important thing that (C) they must pay attention to (D). 18
19. 8. I didn’t (A) feel like to go to (B) work (C) this morning because it was raining hard (D). 9. Rattan, a close (A) relative of bamboo, is often (B) used to make (C) tables, chairs and other furnitures (D). 10. Would you mind not (A) to smoke (B) on the bus? It disturbs (C) the other (D) people. Exercise 7 1. There are thousands (A) of kinds of bacteria, many (B) of whom (C) are beneficial (D). 2. In stead of (A) their (B) frightening (C) appearance, the squid is shy and completely harmless (D). 3. One of the most (A) popular holiday (B) in the U.S. is (C) Thanksgiving, which is celebrated in (D) November. 4. The girl whom about (A) we are talking (B) used to be (C) a Miss World (D). 5. After John eaten (A) dinner, he wrote (B) several letters (C) and went to bed (D). 6. Food prices (A) have risen (B) too (C) rapidly that we have to change our eating habits (D). 7. She asked why (A) did Mathew look (B) so embarrassed (C) when he saw (D) Carole. 8. When (A) I met John last year, he has already graduated (B) from (C) university for (D) a year. 9. Do you (A) think two hours are too (B) long to wait for (C) someone (D)? 10. My (A) mother still spends (B) 14 hours a day (C) do (D) the housework. Exercise 8 1. Either (A) the doctor or the nurses takes (B) care of changing (C) the patients’ (D) bandages. 2. Please arrive (A) on time in order to (B) we will be able (C) to start (D) the meeting punctually. 3. They hardly never (A) go to the beach (B) because of (C) their sickness, do they (D)? 4. The people in Europe are now using (A) the common unit of money called (B) Euro, although (C) the economies in those countries are not exact (D) the same. 5. Most (A) bacteria has (B) strong cell walls much (C) like those (D) of the plants. 6. The (A) first nation park in (B) the world, calling (C) Yellowstone Park, was established (D) in 1872. 7. My father used to giving (A) me some good (B) advice whenever (C) I had a problem (D). 8. All the (A) witnesses said that (B) John was blaming for (C) the accident (D). 9. The doctor advised him (A) to avoid eating (B) fatty foods, having (C) more fresh vegetables and drink much (D) water. 10. People should not expect to rescue (A) by their parents every time (B) they get into (C) financial difficulty (D). SECTION 3 – GRAMMAR Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) that best fits the gap in each of the following sentences. Exercise 1 1. Mary isn’t___her sister. A. so pretty than B. as pretty than C. prettier as D. as pretty as 2. They speak English___than we do. A. more fluently B. fluentlier C. most fluently D. fluentliest 3. The competition makes the prices___. A. more cheap and cheap C. cheaper and cheaper B. more cheap and more cheap D. cheaper and cheapest 4. Which is___planet in our solar system? A. smaller B. smallest C. the most small D. the smallest 5. “I’m sorry to hear about your grandmother’s illness. Does she feel___now?” A. better B. best C. the best D. the better 6. Which mount is___in the world? A. higher B. the higher C. highest D. the highest 7. Basketballs are___than footballs. A. expensiver C. expensivest B. more expensive D. the most expensive 8. Ice hockey is a___sport than basketball or tennis. A. as dangerous B. more dangerous 19
20. C. most dangerous D. the most dangerous 9. Of all the sports in the Olympics, which sport is___? A. as dangerous C. most dangerous B. more dangerous D. the most dangerous 10. This is___football team in the country. A. the better B. the worse C. the best D. the baddest Exercise 2 1. ___he didn’t understand everything, he was interested in the conversation. A. However B. Even though C. Because D. While 2. I’m going to travel around the world___I turn 60. A. for B. since C. before D. while 3. ___their children go to university, they will sell their house an travel around the world. A. After B. When C. Once D. All are correct 4. I’m going to do some gardening___it gets dark. A. because B. but C. until D. so 5. I can’t tell you the decision___I know it myself. A. as soon as B. while C. when D. until 6. The food wasn’t very good, ___he at everything. A. so B. but C. because D. although 7. I like my new job___better than my old one. A. more B. most C. much D. very 8. My new colleagues are___than I expected. A. more nice B. most nice C. much D. very 9. My old boss was the___friendly person I’ve ever met. A. least B. less and less C. less D. so 10. ___I leave home, ___the journey is because the buses aren’t so crowded. A. The more early – more easy C. The earlier – the easier B. The earlier – the more easy D. The more early – the easier Exercise 3 1. We___more time with our children before they left for university. We were too busy with our jobs to think about that. A. wish we spent C. wish we had spent B. were supposed to be spending D. regret that we didn’t spend 2. ___more points to discuss, the meeting has now come to an end. A. On account of B. Regardless of C. Not having D. There being no 3. She has___good a computer that she has used it for 6 years without any errors. A. so B. such C. how D. too 4. Price continued to rise while wages remained low___the government became increasingly unpopular. A. provided that C. on condition that B. in order that D. with the result that 5. If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifteen years this beach___anymore. A. doesn’t exist C. isn’t going to exist B. isn’t existing D. won’t be exist 6. If I tell you a secret, ___you promise not to tell anyone else? A. would B. did C. will D. have 7. In those days of the last economic crisis if you___a job, you___lucky. A. got – were C. get – will be B. had got – would be D. got – would be 8. ___, let me know. A. If you hear anything B. Had you heard anything 20
21. C. Unless you heard D. Should you hear anything 9. He would certainly have attended the party___. A. had the tire not flattened itself C. if the flat tire hadn’t happened B. if he didn’t get a flat tire D. had he not had a flat tire 10. I wish that you___come to the party tonight. Can you ask your parents one more time? A. can B. are able to C. could D. would Exercise 4 1. She wondered___speak English. A. how could Lan B. how Lan could C. Lan could D. if Lan 2. He asked___to speak to. A. who I wanted B. who I want C. I wanted who D. who did I want 3. He asked me what___. A. is my phone number C. was my phone number B. my phone number is D. my phone number was 4. She asked me if I would buy a computer___. A. tomorrow C. yesterday B. the following day D. next day 5. They said that they had been driving through the desert___. A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday 6. John often says he___boxing because it___a cruel sport. A. doesn’t like – is C. not liked – had been B. did not like – were D. had not liked – was 7. Let’s play basketball after school, ___? A. will we B. don’t we C. shall we D. do we 8. Don’t do that, ___? It’s illegal. A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. are you 9. I suppose no one will volunteer, ___? A. will they B. would they C. do I D. aren’t I 10. I wish to see the doctor, ___? A. aren’t I B. do I C. will I D. may I Exercise 5 1. I___going on long walks. A. would like B. refuse C. can’t stand D. want 2. I don’t mind___as long as I don’t have to do the shopping. A. cook B. to cook C. been cooking D. cooking 3. It was Tony who___in asking for another glass of brandy and got drunk in the end. A. endured B. kept C. persisted D. maintained 4. Everybody sat quietly, ___for the repair or whatever was needed. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait 5. I learned how to cook by___my mother in the kitchen. A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watched 6. They got up too late, ___they couldn’t catch the bus. A. then B. as C. when D. so 7. Tigers are rare in India now___people have killed a lot of them. A. although B. in case C. because D. despite 8. If we___less paper, we___have to cut down trees in the forest. A. used – wouldn’t B. will use – won’t C. use - Ø D. used – won’t 9. ___he wasn’t ready, we went without him. A. As B. When C. Althoughg D. That 10. Why don’t you try walking to work___? It’s not far away after all. A. for a walk B. for ages C. for a change D. for good Exercise 6 21
22. 1. He’s over seventy; ___, he’s still active. A. however B. so C. otherwise D. but 2. I passed the test with the score that is beyond my parents’ expectation. ___, my parents bought me a new phone. A. So B. That C. However D. Therefore 3. Would you like coffee___tea? A. and B. but C. either D. or 4. It was a day___everything seemed to go wrong. A. that of B. which C. where D. when 5. The teacher suggested that she___harder on her pronunciation. A. should work B. works C. worked D. must work 6. The leader suggests___all team members be on time. A. Ø B. that C. whether D. the fact that 7. Henry has suggested___to the park for a walk. A. went B. goes C. going D. go 8. The government suggests___by bus to reduce environmental pollution. A. travel B. traveling C. traveled D. to travel 9. By 1820, there were over six steamboats on the Mississipi River, ___were quite luxurious. A. many of them B. which may C. many of which D. many that 10. The place___we spent our holiday was really beautiful A. what B. who C. where D. which Exercise 7 1. Tell me___you want and I’ll try to help you. A. that B. what C. who D. which 2. Mr. Brown. ___we studied with last year, is a nice teacher. A. whom B. that C. which D. the one 3. He wore a mask___made him look like Micky Mouse. A. who B. is C. that D. whom 4. ___the café was crowded, we found a table. A. Though B. However C. In spite D. But for 5. ___the heavy rain, we enjoyed our vacation. A. Even though B. However C. Because D. Despite 6. ___, she continued to carry out her duty. A. Although she is in good health C. Although poor health B. No matter how poor her health was D. Despite her good health 7. ___that she could not say anything. A. So upset was she C. However upset was she B. But upset was she D. Therefore upset was she 8. She still manages to smile, ___she’s angry. A. in spite of B. despite C. although D. even that 9. ___being tired, he walked to the station. A. In spite of B. Though C. Even that D. However 10. ___having enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. Although B. However C. Due to D. Despite Exercise 8 1. If you were able to take a space trip, what___along? A. will you bring C. are you bringing B. are you going to bring D. would you bring 2. Who was the first man___on the Moon? A. landed B. landing C. to land D. land 3. Vietnam is a tropical country___has a lot of beautiful scenery A. where B. that 22
23. C. who D. it 4. The man and the dog___are walking along the street live next door to me. A. which B. who C. they D. that 5. What do you think “aliens” ___actually look like? A. are B. might C. could D. must 6. UFO___might be from people’s imagination. A. sighting B. watching C. viewing D. showing 7. Is this the address to___you want the packet sent? A. where B. that C. which D. whom 8. I called her but there was no answer. She___left for New York. A. may have B. likely has C. should have D. has probably 9. I wonder who wrote that letter. ___Jim have written it? A. Should C. Shall B. Might D. Is it possible that 10. Their office consisted of three rooms, ___was used as a conference room. A. larger of which C. the largest of them B. the largest of which D. largest Exercise 9 1. It was___that we all felt surprised. A. so beautiful flower show C. such beautiful flower show B. so beautiful a flower show D. too beautiful flower show 2. There were two small rooms in the big house, ___served as a kitchen. A. the smaller of which C. he smallest of which B. the smaller of them D. smaller of which 3. Business has been triving for the past few years. Long___it continue to do so. A. could B. does C. may D. might 4. ___the film’s director, Ben Affleck, was famously left off the 85th Oscar Best Director list of nominees surprised everyone. A. Due to B. That C. What D. Although 5. In the past six months, the company has already received twice in gross revenues as it earned in the entire preceding year. A. as much B. more C. as many D. as more 6. Our manager always says that he has met___different businessmen in his career___he now knows all kinds of them very well. A. too much – as C. too little – so B. such a lot of – for D. so many – that 7. If I___a million USD, I___that car. A. had – would have bought C. had had – would buy B. have had – would buy D. had – would buy 8. If I___a bird, I___very happy. A. were – would be C. were – will be B. was – would be D. was – will be 9. Paula would be sad___Jan left. A. if B. when C. at D. whether 10. If I___you, I___more carefully in the rain. A. was – would drive C. was – would have driven B. were – would drive D. were – would have driven Exercise 10 1. The villagers are trying to learn English___they can communicate with foreign customers. A. because B. although C. in order that D. so 2. We bought this hand-embroidered picture___it was expensive. A. despite B. however C. because D. even though 23
24. 3. Tay Ho is the most famous craft village in Hue___it is the birthplace of the conical hat. A. since B. after C. though D. before 4. I will phone her___I get the news about her child. A. still B. as soon as C. while D. because 5. ___it was a bit cold, the weather was nice. A. Although B. When C. Until D. In spite of 6. Let’s talk about our project___we’re walking. A. while B. because C. or D. and 7. I’d like to talk to you___you go home. A. but B. before C. so D. even though 8. ___they are rich, they think they can do whatever they like. A. However B. Although C. Because D. Until 9. They are studying hard___they can study overseas. A. so that B. in order to C. since D. while 10. The show was boring___we went home before it ended. A. because B. so that C. but D. so Exercise 11 1. In my job, Friday is___of the week. A. busier day C. the most busy day B. more busy day D. the busiest day 2. You should work___if you want to earn more money. A. harder B. hardlier C. more hardly D. more hard 3. People used to say that London was___city, but it is now much___than it was. A. the dirtiest – more clean C. the most dirty – cleaner B. the most dirty – more clean D. the dirtiest – cleaner 4. She asked me how long___in my present job. A. I had been working C. had I been working B. I have been working D. have I worked 5. She said that she would clean her room___. A. yesterday C. the previous day B. the following day D. the day before 6. I told you___the computer, didn’t I? A. wo switch off B. don’t switch off C. not switch off D. switch off 7. Lan said she___the following week, but I never saw her again. A. will be back C. would be back B. had been back D. is going to be back 8. He wanted to know what time___. A. does the plane take off C. did the plane take off B. the plane took off D. the plane will take off 9. Nick suggested___for a walk after dinner, but no one wanted to. A. to go B. go C. going D. went 10. The last time I saw him, he looked very relaxed. He explained that he___on holiday the previous week. A. was B. has been C. would be D. had been Exercise 12 1. I wonder___the tickets are on sale yet. A. whether B. what C. where D. when 2. He said he had seen a great film___. A. yesterday B. last week C. today D. the week before 3. She asked me whether I___that day. A. leave B. left C. was leaving D. had left 4. Dave asked Sandra___her telephone number. 24
25. A. what is B. what was C. giving him D. to give him 5. His grandmother told him___to brush his teeth. A. not forget B. not forgetting C. not to forget D. to not forget 6. The doctor asked him___at least eight hours a day. A. if he sleeps C. if he would sleep B. if he slept D. if he was sleeping 7. Our teacher asked us___most worried about. A. what you were C. what we were B. what were you D. what were we 8. The children wanted to know___. A. was he English C. if was he English B. was him English D. if he was English 9. They were not sure___in Hanoi. A. where they visit C. where they will visit B. where they visited D. where to visit 10. John doesn’t know how___the computer on. A. to switch B. switching C. to switching D. to have switched Exercise 13 1. Her parents wondered___to make her feel relaxed. A. how to do B. what to do C. how they did D. what they did 2. I wonder how people___themselves when there was no electricity. A. use to entertain C. are used to entertain B. used to entertain D. were used to entertain 3. Most girls___write down their daily thoughts and feelings in their diaries. A. used to C. were used to B. was used to D. had been used to 4. In the past, the whole village___to the news programme through a loudspeaker. A. was used to listen C. used to listen B. was used to be listening D. used to listening 5. The people in this town___travel by cars. A. used not to B. used to not C. didn’t use to D. did use to not 6. Where___to work? A. did you use B. did you used C. were you use D. were you used 7. These workers___very long hours. A. used to working C. didn’t use to work B. used to be working D. didn’t used to working 8. I___exercise in the morning. Now I do jogging for 30 minutes before I go to school. A. used to not C. did use to not B. did not use to D. was not used to 9. I wish people in the world___conflicts and lived in peace. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. hadn’t had D. wouldn’t have 10. I wish we___with animals. A. communicate C. could communicate B. can communicate D. would communicate Exercise 14 1. He wishes he___right now instead of attending university. A. works B. is working C. worked D. were working 2. Nick : Could you lend me some money ? Jim : I wish I___you some money, but I’m broke myself. A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend 3. An : What are you doing later this afternoon ? Binh : I wish I___the answer to that question. 25
26. A. knew B. know C. could know D. would know 4. I wish we___a calculator to work out these numbers. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having 5. We can’t go along here because the road___. A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repaires 6. The story I’ve just read___Agatha Christie. A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by 7. Some films stars___difficult to work with. A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be 8. ___she works 16 hours a day. A. It is said that C. They are said that B. She is said that D. There is said that 9. His friends___that he made up the whole story himself. A. believe B. are believing C. are believed D. were believed 10. There___a secret tunnel between those two houses. A. people say is B. people say has C. is said to be D. is said to have Exercise 15 1. The child is believed___a white pullover and blue jeans. A. that he is wearing C. to be wearing B. that he worn D. is wearing 2. It___that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall. A. alleges B. is alleged C. is alleging D. has alleged 3. How___before the first motorbike was imported? A. did people in Viet Nam travel C. had people in Viet Nam travelled B. would people in Viet Nam travel D. had people in Viet Nam been travelled 4. Ly Chieu Hoang___the country before the Tran dynasty. A. rules B. ruled C. was ruling D. had ruled 5. When I___back, things___dramatically. A. come – changed C. came – had changed B. came – changed D. had come – had changed 6. The house was very quiet when I___home. Everyone___to bed. A. got – went C. had got – went B. got – had gone D. had got – had gone 7. Tom___when I___at the party last night. A. already went – arrived C. had already gone – had arrived B. already gone – arrived D. had already gone – arrived 8. I___a bit better after I___the medicine. A. had felt – took C. felt – took B. felt – had taken D. had felt – had taken 9. When Martin___the car, he took it out for a drive. A. had repaired B. has repaired C. repaired D. was repairing 10. Your birthday party was the last time I___myself. A. have already enjoyed C. had already enjoyed B. really enjoyed D. really enjoy Exercise 16 1. Visiting small villages in Moc Chau, tourists___into the locals’ homes and___with homemade corn wine. A. welcome – treat C. are welcome - treated B. welcomed - treated D. welcomed – are treated 2. Located only 187 kilometres from Ha Noi, Moc Chau___by both private and public transport. A. can easily reach C. can easily reached B. can reach easily D. can be easily reached 26
27. 3. Our parents___to Moc Chau with us, so we went there on our own. A. were too busy that they went C. so busy that they went B. were too busy to go D. so busy to go 4. I was astonished that Da Nang___different from what I had seen 5 years earlier. A. be B. has been C. was D. had been 5. It___to support the victims after the disaster. A. was kind of them C. was kind of them that they B. was kind that they D. was kind that them 6. The Prime Minister was pleased that the traffic problems of the city___. A. be solved C. to have been solved B. have been solved D. had been solved 7. It is said that Ha Long Bay___one of the most extraordinary natural wonders that you have ever seen. A. be B. is C. was D. had been 8. My friends suggest___by train to save money. A. go B. to go C. going D. we will go 9. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this___. A. has happened B. happens C. happened D. had happened 10. I borrowed four books on gardening the last time I___to the library. A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone Exercise 17 1. Before I started the car, all of the passengers___their seat belts. A. will buckle B. had buckled C. buckle D. have buckled 2. No sooner___the house than it started to rain. A. Laura had left C. was Laura leaving B. had Laura left D. Laura left 3. My feet are killing me ! I wish I___more comfortable shoes. A. had wore B. were wearing C. wore D. wear 4. The old man is said___his memory. A. to have been lost B. to be lost C. to have lost D. to lose 5. I planned to visit my parents last week, but they suggested___the visit for a week because they hadn’t finished decorating the spare room. A. postponing B. to postpone C. to be postponed D. being postponed 6. My mother came from Baffin island and she___in an igloo. A. used to living B. used to live C. is used to live D. was used to live 7. I wish there___no more family violence in the world. A. is B. were C. will be D. has been 8. Marriages___by parents. A. used to arrange C. were used to arrange B. used to be arranged D. were used to be arranged 9. I wish I___in an international summer camp in Brazil now. A. participate C. were participating B. would participate D. had participated 10. All the students were relieved___the exams. A. that they pass C. to have passed B. that they would pass D. to be passed Exercise 18 1. The town was not very popular so___tourists came there on their holidays. A. some B. a few C. every few D. only a few 2. Vietnamese cooking is renowned for its use of fresh herbs which are used in___of soups, meat dishes and on herb plates. A. an amount B. the number C. a variety D. any 27
28. 3. To cook this dish successfully, you need to add___fresh cream to the sauce. A. little B. a little C. a few D. spoonful 4. In most___developed countries, up to 50% of___population enters higher education at some time in their lives. A. Ø – Ø B. the – Ø C. Ø – the D. the – a 5. ___long, I’m sure you will be speaking English___a native speaker. A. After – like B. Before – like C. After – with D. Before – with 6. Jack: “Would you like to have___apple juice?” Jill: “Yes, please. I’m quite thirsty”. A. any B. some C. a tablespoon D. a tin 7. ___students in this culinary school can cook a healthy meal quickly. A. Almost B. Most C. Almost all D. Every of 8. The greater the number of bacteria attacking the system, ___. A. the sooner treatment must be begun C. begin treatment as soon as possible B. sooner must begin treatment D. must begin treatment sooner 9. Jack: “Would you like to have tea or coffee?” Jill: “___will do. Thanks!” A. Something B. Either C. Anything D. One of that 10. Nicolas gets up too late___a real breakfast. A. for having B. to have C. having D. to have had Exercise 19 1. I have always dreamt of visiting___Alps and climbing___Everest! A. Ø – the B. the – Ø C. the – the D. Ø – Ø 2. I would like to know more about___candidate whose application we read yesterday afternoon. A. a B. the C. one D. each of 3. I live in Hanoi, a peaceful city on___banks of___Red River. A. the – the B. both – Ø C. Ø – Ø D. either – the 4. I have visited a number of countries, among which are___Netherlands, ___Philippines and___Laos. A. the – Ø – Ø B. Ø – the – the C. the – the – the D. the – the – Ø 5. Jack had to go to___hospital yesterday as he had a heart attack. We are going to___hospital to see him this afternoon. A. Ø – Ø B. the – the C. the – Ø D. Ø – the 6. Santiago is___city in___Dominican Republic. A. second the large B. the second large C. the second D. the largest – the – Ø largest – Ø second – Ø 7. I’d like to go to___United States___due to its cultural diversity. A. Ø – most C. the – almost all B. the – the most D. Ø – all most 8. We have been to the___cave in the northeast of that region. It was so amazing! A. new discovery C. newly discovered B. new discovered D. newly discovering 9. This dish___better if you___a teaspoon of vinegar. A. will taste - added C. may taste – added B. would taste – had added D. would have tasted – added 10. I have had a list of ten destinations to go to on this holiday, but I need to___two only due to the limit of time. A. take it down to C. narrow it down to B. bring it down to D. cut it down Exercise 20 1. I woud like to explore the world by myself so I am not___package tours. A. in for B. for C. into D. in 28
29. 2. At that restaurant they treat you___if you were a princess. A. almost B. as C. just D. so 3. Nothing gets your heart___faster than hearing lions roars at night. A. beat B. to beat C. beating D. beaten 4. Could you please let us know your decision after you___up your mind? A. made C. have made B. have been making D. are to make 5. There was a time___philosophy included almost every kind of knowledge. A. which B. where C. why D. when 6. Please remain___until the aircraft___outside the terminal building. A. seated – comes to a standstill C. being seated – comes for a standstill B. sitting – comes up to a standstill D. sitting – comes to standstill 7. The students are going to___a quiz to check their knowledge of the English language. A. make B. perform C. do D. carry 8. If there___a common language for all people in the world, communication___much easier. A. is – will be C. was – could have been B. were – would be D. had been – would have been 9. When I travelled to Laos, I___a bit of its daily language. Now I have forgotten almost all. A. picked up B. picked off C. picked down D. picked 10. There are many differences in accents and dialects between varieties of English___all can be understood, ___, by the speakers of___varieties. A. though – more or less – other B. however – much less – other C. nevertheless – more and more – the other D. yet – somewhat – the other Exercise 21 1. I saw several buildings, ___were damaged by the earthquake. A. all of what B. most of them C. most of which D. all of that 2. Hawaii, ___we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for young people. A. that B. what C. which D. where 3. The reason___she gave us for not coming early made us disappointed. A. why B. for which C. that D. what 4. Our reporter is going to ask them___the effects of the new taxation will be. A. where B. what C. which D. that 5. ___some of the students were late made the teacher unhappy. A. What B. Which C. That D. When 6. Could you remember the day___we first met him? A. for which B. which C. that D. when 7. If you happen___the prize, what will you do? A. win B. being won C. have won D. to win 8. If an applicant___to this program, they will go through several phrases of training. A. accepts B. got accepted C. get accepted D. is unacceptable 9. ___before, his performance for the amateur dramatic group was a success. A. Though having never acted C. As he had never acted B. Despite he had never acted D. In spite of his never having acted 10. Clothing made of plastic fibers has certain advantages over___made of natural fibers like cotton, wool, or silk. A. one B. the one C. those D. what Exercise 22 1. If it___too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea. A. hadn’t been B. isn’t C. weren’t D. may not be 2. He refused to give up work___he’d won a million pounds. 29
30. A. while B. however C. even though D. but 3. Do you know that___Europe and___America are separated by___Atlantic Ocean. A. an – an – the C. Ø – Ø – the B. an – the – Ø D. the – the – the 4. I can’t go with you today; I have___things to do. A. a great deal B. a great many C. many a great D. great many 5. They’ll explain___you need to know to complete your report. A. what B. that C. which D. how 6. ___student in the class whose surname begins with a vowel, please stand up. A. Each of B. Every C. All D. A few 7. A recent survey has shown that___increasing number of people are willing to travel abroad on their holidays. A. a B. an C. the D. some 8. In the wake of increasing food poisoning, many consumers have turned to vegetables___organically. A. that grown B. grown C. which grows D. are grown 9. This is the medical encyclopedia___I refer in my research. A. which B. what C. where D. to which 10. The hospital___was closed down quite a while ago. A. I was born C. was my birthplace B. which I was born D. where I was born Exercise 23 1. The bank has more than 100 branches, ___in a major urban area. A. the location of which C. each of which is located B. each locating D. an are located 2. Students are encouraged to develope critical thinking___accepting opinions without questioning them. A. in addition B. for instance C. instead of D. because of 3. Anyone can apply to be trained as an astronaut___they have a bachelor;s degree in science, mathemetics and engineering. A. as if C. as long as B. as D. as well as 4. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system___more gravity than the Earth. A. has B. to have C. having had D. that has 5. Saturn is the only planet___beautiful rings can be seen from the Erath with a telescope. A. with B. of C. which has D. whose 6. I was offered lamb or chicken, ___I like. A. B. C. D. 7. More than 80 people came to the exhibition, many of___children had pictures on the walls. A. who B. them C. whose D. whom 8. We could visit quite a lot of places of interest on our tour to South America, ___was so wonderful. A. which B. that C. ot D. so that it 9. The person___more than anyone else is my Uncle Geoffrey. A. whose I look up to C. I look up to B. to whom I look D. whom I look up 10. Warwick University, ___is one of the top ten universities in the country. A. where I spent three wonderful years B. when I spent three wonderful years C. which I spent three wonderful years D. is the place I spent three wonderful years Exercise 24 30
31. 1. ___informed in advance of the upcoming meeting, she didn’t make any preparation for it. A. Despite B. No matter C. Though D. While 2. He attempted___through the window. A. to escape B. escape C. escaping D. to have escaped 3. I remember___the door before I came home yesterday. A. to lock B. lock C. locking D. locked 4. I don’t think he will allow you___his car tomorrow. A. use B. using C. will use D. to use 5. I didn’t mean___anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist___one. A. to eat - trying B. to eat – to try C. eating – trying D. eating – to try 6. Don’t keep him___at the door. A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. not to stand 7. Don’t forget___the door before___to bed. A. to lock – going C. to lock – to go B. locking – to go D. locking - going 8. I tried___my eyes open but I couldn’t . A. to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept 9. Have you ever considered___to live in another country? A. going B. to go C. for going D. go 10. I now regret___him my secret. A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. to have told SECTION 4 - VOCABULARY 4.1. WORD FORMS Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. Exercise 1 1. She is tolerant with her children even when they___. 1. BEHAVIOUR 2. Hoi An Ancient Town gained UNESCO’s___as a World Heritage Site 2. RECOGNISE in 1999. 3. She lived in an extended family, so she didn’t have much___. 3. PRIVATE 4. In my time, most girls kept a diary where they could write down 4. DAY their___thought and feelings. 5. Paying respect to people of___is a traditional in Viet Nam. 5. SENIOR 6. Parents should put themselves in children’s shoes and___with them. 6. EMPATHY 7. The Lion Dance is usually performed at Mid-Autumn Festival, where the dancers___dance to drum music. 7. SKILL 8. It is reported that thousands of visitors come to enjoy___views of Ha Long Bay every year. 8. BREATHE 9. Our school was___surrounded by paddy fields. 10. I prefer the___walkway to using the pavements on busy roads in 9. INITIATE my city. 10. ELEVATION Exercise 2 1. There has been a sharp___in the number of vehicles in Ha Noi. 1. INCREASE 2. When I came back to Viet Nam in 1995, the country no longer suffered___. 2. LITERATE 3. I’ve been studying really hard to___my parents and have always had good grades. 3. SATISFACTION 4. I prefer___paths to concrete ones because the countryside looked “greener” with those roads. 4. EARTH 5. My mother is a___woman; she always cares about how we feel. 6. Teenagers nowadays___their feelings and emotions by posting them 5. SYMPATHY 31
32. on Facebook. 7. The place is a quiet fishing village with a___harbor. 6. PUBLIC 8. Viet Nam had experienced decades of fighting for freedom before the country became totally___, 7. PICTURE 9. She often___her children by telling them stories before they go to 8. DEPENDENCE bed. 10. In the past, only___households in our village had a television, 9. ENTERTAINMENT 10. WEALTH Exercise 3 Can you imagine what it’s like to be swimming underneath brightly colored coral and swerve to avoid a tropical jellyfish? Or (1)___find yourself 1. SUDDEN hurtling towards an atom’s nucleus? The cost (2)___75 minutes of time plus the purchase price of a movie ticket. (3)___will only carry 2. APPROXIMATE you so far. But as more than 500 million (4)___will attest, the 3. IMAGINE experience of a big screen with 3-D imagery is wonderful. That’s the story of 4. VIEW IMAX. ‘It’s the closest thing to passive virtual (5)___. It combines information with (6)___. IMAX movies are very realistic. This 5. REAL cinematic technique marks the real (7)___between what we once 6. ENTERTAIN knew and what’s developing now. IMAX is a (8)___newcomer to the 7. DIFFER scene. The formula has been working well, (9)___in the Asia Pacific 8. RELATE regions, where most of IMAX’s (10)___has occurred. There are 144 9. SPECIAL IMAX theatres operating in 21 countries worldwide. 10. GROW Exercise 4 One of the major (1)___concerns in today’s world is the growing list 1. ENVIRONMENT of (2)___plants, animals and birds. The (3)___threat of all to 2. DANGER widelife is, of course, man, who must take action now to prevent the 3. BIG (4)___of these species. Whales, tigers and elephants all 4. APPEAR (5)___greater protection as hunters threaten to drive them to 5. REQUIREMENT extinction. (6)___, more effective measures are suggested to stop 6. SIMILAR (7)___warming, which has led to the (8)___of important 7. GLOBE natural habitats. Fish too, are increasingly at risk from high level of river and 8. LOSE sea (9)___, caused by oil spills and toxic effluent. Stricter 9. POLLUTE government controls will help in the fight to save our wildlife and a greater public (10)___of the issues should be involved. 10. AWARE Exercise 5 A study into children’s television viewing habits reveals that children whose parents have a high level of (1)___tend to watch less television than 1. EDUCATE children from less educated family (2)___. The report also suggests 2. BACK that a high rate of TV watching among children in poorer (3)___areas and in the provinces, compared to those living in large 3. SUBURB urban centre, is often due to (4)___and a lack of other kinds of 4. POOR (5)___in the area. Disco, cinema, theatre and sports 5. ENTERTAIN (6)___offer children in urban centre a wider range of pastimes, 6. ACTIVE which leads to far (7)___hours being spent in front of the box. 7. FEW (8)___, comedies and adventure films are children’s 8. COMMERCE (9)___programmes, while twenty percent of children said they 9. FAVOUR preferred (10)___films and thrillers. 10. VIOLENCE Exercise 6 If you want to improve your overall level of fitness, running is one of the best sports to choose. It can increase the strength of your bones, it is good for your heart, and it can help with weight (1)___. You will soon begin to see a 1. LOSE significant (2)___in your general health and if you are the sort of 2. IMPROVE 32
33. person who enjoys a challenge, then you could consider making the decision to run a marathon – a race of (3)___42 kilometres. 3. APPROXIMATE (4)___runners and sports instructos say you should make a point of 4. EXPERIENCE having a physical (5)___with your doctor before you start training. Another (6)___is that anyone who has an old back, knee or ankle 5. CHECK injury should take extra care. You should never use running shoes which hurt 6. RECOMMEND your feet or in which you feel (7)___after a long run. It is a good idea to start by running slowly for about twenty minute three times a week and 7. COMFORT (8)___increase the number of kilometres you run. You should find running long (9)___progressive easier, and after a time, you may feel 8. GRADUAL that even a marathon will be (10)___! 9. DISTANT 10. POSSIBILITY Exercise 7 To be successful in the business market, it is vital for a company to keep up with all the latest technological development. Nowadays it is (1)___accepted that running a company without computers, in 1. WIDE particular, is virtually (2)___. This is why businesses are so keen to 2. POSSIBLE hire the best people available for their technology departments. Apart from the needs of the technology department, it is important that almost all (3)___have some degree of (4)___with personal 3. EMPLOY or desktop computers, even if this involves no more than the 4. FAMILIAR (5)___of a basic computer course. Like all new things, however, most 5. COMPLETE people will only become (6)___with using computers after practical experience. 6. COMFORT Thanks to computers, today’s businesses are run and managed with far less (7)___than companies could hope to achieve in the past. For 7. DIFFICULT example, computers enable the (8)___of huge amounts of 8. ORGANIZE information and greatly speed up the (9)___of documents and 9. PREPARE reports. In short, although the average businessperson has no need to be a technology expert, they are (10)___to get very far without at least a basic 10. LIKE knowledge of computers. Exercise 8 The London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, is a famous destination in London. The entire structure is 135 metres (443ft) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 120 metres (394ft). When erected in 1999 it was the world’s tallest (1)___wheel. It is now one of the most popular 1. OBSERVE (2)___in the world. It is considered to be a symbol of London. People 2. ATTRACT make special journeys to see the (3)___giant wheel. 15,000 can ride 3. FASCINATION the wheel every day. They feel (4)___to climb above the city and look 4. EXCITEMENT back down on it. Not just wealthy people, but everybody can do this. It is public and (5)___, and it has become a place of interest in London. 5. AFFORD Exercise 9 HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR CAREER Selecting a career can be one of the most difficult (1)___in your life. 1. DECIDE To choose the right career, you will have to find the balance between (2)___gain and personal fulfillment. 2. FINANCE Before you can make a career choice, you will also have to learn about yourself. Your values, interests and skills will make some careers suitable for you and some particularly (3)___. 3. APPROPRIATE You can use self-assessment tests to gather this information and to generate a list of (4)___that are considered appropriate. A test like this could 4. OCCUPY 33
34. help you to narrow down your choice and (5)___point you in the 5. POSSIBLE right direction. Even though it is important to choose a career early on, many people have switched careers late in the game and still become enormously (6)___. Think it over and take a chance. 6. SUCCESS Exercise 10 (1)___, a Japanese meal consists of rice, miso soup, the main dish(es) 1. TYPICAL and pickles. Rice is the staple and plays a central part in people’s eating habits. Japanese rice is sticky and (2)___, so when combined with the 2. NUTRITION main dishes and the soup, they make a complete meal. The (3)___of 3. PORTION each dish are (4)___served. 4. INDIVIDUAL The most important characteristic of their eating habits is they like raw food and do not use sauces with a strong flavor. Two typical examples are sashimi and sushi. The Japanese make sashimi (5)___by cutting fresh fish. 5. SIMPLE Then they serve it with a (6)___sauce made from soy sauce and spicy 6. DIP Japanese horseradish (wasabi). Sushi is similar. The cooked, vinegared rice can be combined with raw fish, prawn, avocado, cucumber or egg. Sushi is usually served with soy sauce and pickled ginger. It is said that the Japanese eat with their eyes. Therefore, the 7. ARRANGE (7)___of dishes is another (8)___feature of their eating 8. SIGNIFICANCE habits. If you join a Japanese meal, you may be excited to see how the (9)___dishes are arranged according to a traditional pattern. In 9. COLOR (10)___, there are plates and bowls of different sizes and designs. 10. ADD They are carefully presented to match the food they carry. Exercise 11 Son Doong Cave has become more famous after the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) aired a live programme (1)___its (2)___on 1. FEATURE ‘Good Morning America’ in May 2015. 2. MAGNIFICENT (3)___in Quang Binh Province, Son Doong Cave was discovered by a 3. LOCATE local man (4)___Ho Khanh in 1991, and became known 4. NAME (5)___in 2009 thanks to British (6)___, led by Howard 5. NATION Limbert. The cave was formed about 2 to 5 million years ago by river water 6. CAVE (7)___away the limestone underneath the mountain. It contains 7. ERODE some of the tallest known stalagmites in the world – up to 70 metres tall. The cave is more than 200 metres wide, 150 metres high, and nearly 9 kilometres long, with caverns big enough to fit an entire street inside them. Son Doong Cave is recognized as the largest cave in the world by BCRA (British Cave Research Association) and selected as one of (8)___on earth by the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). 8. BEAUTIFUL In August 2013, the first tourist group exlored the cave on a guided tour. Permits are now required to access the cave and are made available on a (9)___basis. Only 500 permits were issued for the 2015 season, 9. LIMIT which runs from February to August. After August, heavy rains cause river levels to rise and make the cave largely (10)___. 10. ACCESS Exercise 12 English has become a global language thanks to its (1)___as a mother 1. ESTABLISH tongue in all continents of the world. The English language 2. MAIN (2)___owes its (3)___status in the world to two factors. The 3. DOMINATE first is the (4)___of the language, which began in the 17th century, 4. EXPORT with the first (5)___in North America. The second was the great 5. SETTLE growth of population in the United States, which was assisted by massive 34
35. (6)___in the 19th and 20th centuries. 6. IMMIGRATE Nowadays, more and more people around the world are learning English as a second language and the way that they study it is changing. In some countries, English (7)___chools have been built to create all English 7. IMMERSE environments for English learners. In these ‘English communities’, learners do all their school subjects and everyday activities, such as ordering food at the canteen, in English. However, these new English speakers are not only learning the English language but they are also changing it. There are hundreds of types of English in the world today, such as ‘Singlish’, a mix of English, Malay, Mandarin, etc. Or ‘Highlish’, the (8)___mix of English and Hindi. New words are 8. INDIA being invented every day all over the world due to the free (9)___of words from other languages and the easy creation of compounds are 9. ADMIT (10)___. 10. DERIVE 4.2. COLLOCATIONS Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) that best fits the gap in each of the following sentences. Exercise 1 1. If you are not too tired we could have a___of tennis after lunch. A. match B. play C. game D. party 2. You can’t tell what someone is like just from their___. A. character B. looking C. appearance D. personality 3. Boy: “What is your greatest phobia?” – Girl: “___” A. I’m afraid not. C. I don’t like anything. B. Worms, definitely! D. I haven’t seen any of them. 4. Now that we have identified the problem, we must decide on an appropriate course of___. A. action B. progress C. solution D. development 5. We took___of the fine weather and spent the day on the beach. A. chance B. advantage C. occasion D. effect 6. All students went to the magic show, which we thought was really___. A. amusing B. amused C. amusingly D. amuse 7. Peter: “Do you mind if I take a seat?” – Ann: “___”. A. Yes, I don’t mind. C. No, I mind. B. No, do as you please. D. Yes, do as you please. 8. If you wish to take photographs at the event you’ll have to have___. A. an application B. a permit C. an allowance D. an admission 9. Whenever we meet, we stop___. A. to talk B. talking C. to talking D. talk 10. Could you please buy___of cauliflower for me when you go shopping? A. a kilo B. a punch C. a bunch D. a head Exercise 2 1. Mr. Henry was given a medel in___of his service to his country. A. gratitude B. knowledge C. recognition D. response 2. Women’s status___in different countries and it depends on the cultural beliefs. A. varies B. employs C. fixes D. establishes 3. There are some ingredients for my mom’s favourite dish, among which are___of rice, ___of garlic and___of celery. A. a teaspoon – a pinch – a bunch C. a handful – a clove – a stick B. a bag – a gram – a slice D. a cup – a loaf – a pinch 4. She___to take her neighbor to court if he didn’t stop making so much noise. A. asked B. promised C. threatened D. suggested 5. You can stay here___you don’t make a bad noise. 35
36. A. until B. unless C. as long as D. otherwise 6. Mrs. Pike is a feminist, who___that women should be offered the same job opportunities as men. A. varies B. advocates C. leads D. votes 7. ___learning a foreign language, John is smarter than Tim. A. Comparing B. As far as C. Instead of D. In terms of 8. ___the advent of the Industrial Revolution, pollution was virtually unheard of. A. Previously B. Earlier than C. Formerly D. Prior to 9. TV___can enjoy various interesting programs by selecting the right channels. A. lookers B. watchers C. viewers D. seers 10. Some of the passengers spoke to reporters about their___in the burning plane. A. occasion B. happening C. event D. experience Exercise 3 1. The twins look so___their father. A. like B. likely C. likeness D. alike 2. She___no notice of his behavior towards her. A. paid B. took C. made D. gave 3. Mr. Smith knew that he could make a success of the little weekly newspaper in the long___. A. time B. run C. distance D. step 4. They’re staying in rented accommodation for the time___. A. going B. making C. doing D. being 5. An artist___will do his best to express innocence and inexperience in the child’s face. A. portraying a child C. he portrays a child B. who portray a child D. portrayed a child 6. We feel very___today. A. happiness B. happy C. happily D. are happy 7. The government should do something to help___. A. the poors B. the poverty C. the poorer D. the poor 8. I haven’t been feeling very well___. A. of late B. no long ago C. currently D. by now 9. Do you feel like___to the cinema or would you rather___TV at home? A. going – watching C. go – watch B. going – watch D. go – watched 10. Tony’s boss doesn’t want him to___a habit of the office phone for personal calls. A. make B. do C. create D. increase Exercise 4 1. A volcanic eruption is always very___. It caused a lot of damage. A. heavy B. natural C. disastrous D. danger 2. I don’t go swimming very much___. A. nowadays B. in those days C. recently D. now and again 3. It is___knowledge in the village that Mr. and Mrs. Thorne quarrel violently several times a week. A. common B. complete C. normal D. unsual 4. Everyone knows about pollution problems, but not many people have___any solutions. A. thought over B. come up with C. looked into D. got round to 5. ___we get to the top of this hill, we’ll be all right. A. Eventually B. Once C. Now D. At the time 6. He didn’t know anyone at the wedding___than the bride and the groom. A. except B. other C. apart D. rather 7. When you are an old age pansioner, you have to learn to___a very small income. A. live on B. live up to C. live out D. live down 8. I felt so much better. My doctor had___me to take a holiday by the sea. 36
37. A. suggested B. considered C. accepted D. advised 9. My sister is an expert on wildlife and its___. A. reservation B. protection C. convervation D. prevention 10. His house looks very large and beautiful. It is___house. A. a seven-room B. a seven-rooms C. seven room D. seven rooms Exercise 5 1. I live in the___, not the town. A. area B. farm C. apartment D. country 2. The person who controls a game is the___. A. referee B. score C. spectator D. player 3. We’re just___, not professionals. A. players B. crowd C. team D. amateurs 4. There are sometimes more players than___. A. spectators B. referees C. teams D. scores 5. They are very___on music. A. keen B. fan C. like D. respect 6. We prefer to live___to nature. A. through B. close C. near D. with 7. I like visiting museums and art___. A. shops B. stores C. galleries D. markets 8. Children can easily get bored with visiting historical___. A. areas B. fields C. points D. places 9. She enjoys swimming and___at the beach. A. sunbathing B. speaking C. eating D. drinking 10. Doctors give patients___to take to the chemist’s. A. prescriptions B. description C. check D. cash Exercise 6 1. I have lost my___. I don’t want to eat anything. A. hungry B. appettite C. happiness D. life 2. Policemen wear___ so everyone knows who they are. A. clothes B. shoes C. dresses D. uniforms 3. The man on the phone wanted me to___a moment. A. stay calm B. hold on C. take on D. put off 4. To make tea, first___the water in the kettle. A. liquid B. flow C. make D. boil 5. You should___tea with a spoon. A. stir B. boil C. fix D. clear 6. Whenever you have the answer to my question, ___your hands. A. raise B. rise C. rice D. rays 7. Put a cassette in the player and___the ‘play’ button. A. block B. tick C. lick D. press 8. You can___the quality of the sound by using the other controls. A. adapt B. adjust C. adore D. alarm 9. What a (an) ___street! Two cars can’t pass through together. A. easy B. ugly C. large D. narrow 10. She wore___clothes at the party. A. difficult B. huge C. normal D. sad Exercise 7 1. My daughter always feels___about her exam. A. interested B. ignorant C. ugly D. nervous 2. We may need a(n) ___meal before we continue the work. A. powerful B. tolerant C. light D. white 37
38. 3. This knife was very___. I cut my finger. A. huge B. dirty C. ordinary D. sharp 4. That is a(n) ___meeting. Those without invitation are not allowed to enter. A. own B. private C. strict D. safe 5. It was___news. I couldn’t stand. A. terrible B. beautiful C. clean D. short 6. The bottle is___. Throw it away. A. necessary B. flexible C. tiny D. broken 7. Mark is a___boy. Everyone likes him. A. hard B. polite C. rude D. bad 8. She loves meeting people and going to parties. She is a very___person. A. shy B. ignorant C. learned D. sociable 9. She is such a(n) ___person. She likes new things and new places, even if they are difficult or dangerous. A. adventurous B. selfish C. clever D. mean 10. He gets very annoyed if he has to wait for anything. He is very___. A. sociable B. industrious C. hard D. impatient Exercise 8 1. Peter never gets upset or annoyed when things go wrong. He is a very___man. A. hard-working B. attractive C. easy-going D. mad 2. My friend loves to talk to people and tell them what he thinks. He is___. A. ugly B. talkative C. strong D. sad 3. My brother wants to reach a high position in his job. He is very___. A. stubborn B. learned C. ambitious D. talkative 4. He is always happy and smiling. He is very___. A. cheerful B. hard-headed C. funny D. intelligent 5. Lora only thinks about herself. She is___. A. naughty B. selfish C. patient D. genius 6. Jake has a lot of common sense. He always knows the right things to do. He is a___boy. A. sensitive B. sensual C. sensible D. nonsense 7. A(n) ___always has good hopes for the future. A. rude B. pessimist C. optimist D. quiet 8. My sister is very careful about her appearance and how she arranges her desk and her room. She is a(n) ___lady. A. tidy B. silly C. unsociable D. cautious 9. The little boy always remembers to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’. He is very___. A. impolite B. polite C. rude D. talkative 10. Shoese are usually made of___. A. leather B. wool C. paper D. iron Exercise 9 1. Zoos can make money for their conservation programmes through___entrance fees. A. paying B. raising C. charging D. earning 2. The astronauts have to___themselves so they don’t float around when sleeping in a spaceship. A. pull B. push C. keep D. attach 3. A(n) ___is a piece of rock or other matter from space that has landed on a planet. A. meteorite B. galaxy C. cluster D. astrolable 4. It is cheaper to build a(n) ___spacecraft than the one that needs someone to operate. A. manned B. unmanned C. habitable D. uninhabitable 5. “Why have you changed the channel?” – “I’m not___Science. I prefer Eco-tourism on Channel 12”. A. into B. in C. up with D. over 6. An obvious benefit of tourism is that it plays a key role in economic___. 38
39. A. raise B. rise C. increase D. growth 7. We didn’t fly directly to the U.S. We had a one-night___in Incheon. A. stop-go B. stop gap C. stopover D. stop 8. This___holiday is being offered at a good price. A. stimulated B. stimulating C. stimulus D. stimulant 9. After___, please remain seated until the plane comes to the complete stop. A. take-off B. touchdown C. takedown D. touch-up 10. Going on a(n) ___tour would be safer and more convenient than going by yourself. A. package B. full C. packaging D. included Exercise 10 1. ‘Simmer’ means___. A. cook food under or over a very strong heat B. cook something slowly in liquid in a closed dish C. cook smething by keeping it almost at boiling point D. cook meat, or vegetables without liquid in an oven or over a fire 2. My mother usually___some cheese and sprinkles it over the pasta. A. spreads B. whisks C. marinates D. grates 3. Just put___of salt or it will be too salty. A. a pinch B. a few C. a lot D. a handful 4. Rice is the___in Vietnam. A. primary B. chief C. staple D. core 5. My tennis is very___these days because I have no time to practice. A. tender B. content C. versatile D. rusty 6. There is a vegetarian___on the menu every day. A. alternate B. alternative C. replacement D. stand-in 7. There is nothing more boring than a seaside town in the low___. A. season B. peak C. period D. term 8. Don’t put too much garlic in the salad; two___are enough. A. bunches B. heads C. sticks D. cloves 9. Food by my mom is always___. A. the best of both worlds C. out of this world B. lost to the world D. on top of the world 10. Her father___this career all his life. A. pursued B. did C. chased D. trailed 4.3. SYNONYMS Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences. Exercise 1 1. When being interviewed, concentrate on what the interviewer is saying or asking you. A. be related to C. pay all attention to B. be interested in D. express interest in 2. Our parents join hands to give us a nice house and a happy home. A. deal with B. manage C. help together D. work together 3. School uniform is compulsory in most of Vietnamese schools. A. depended B. required C. divided D. paid 4. Help and supports are rapidly sent to wherever there are victims of a catastrophe. A. diseases and illnesses C. warfare B. poverty and famine D. a sudden great disaster 5. I had a row with my boss and had to quit the job. A. debated B. discussed C. quarreled D. ignored 6. The potatoes have burned and stuck to the bottom of the pan. A. The lowest inside surface B. the shortest below surface 39