Summary chart of modal verbs and similar expressions

Nội dung text: Summary chart of modal verbs and similar expressions

1. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com SUMMARY CHART OF MODAL VERBS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AUXILIARY USES PRESENT / FUTURE PAST 1. MAY (1)polite request - May I borrow your pen? (2) formal permission - You may leave the room. 1. Could/ May/ Might + (3)more than 50% - Where is John? perfect: có thể là certainty He may be at the library. Dùng để chỉ một tiên đoán trong quá khứ nhưng (4) exclamation as a wish - May all your dreams come không có cơ sở. Những động từ (5) after the clause with true! “hope”, “trust” - I trust (hope) that you may find khiếm khuyết này đều mang (6) adverb clauses of this plan to your satisfaction. nghĩa hiện tại. concession with “but” - He may be poor, but he is Eg: - It may have rained last (7) adverb clauses of honest. (Though he is poor ) night, but I am not sure. purpose - She was studying so that she - The cause of death might read English books. could have been bacteria. - John might have gone 2. MIGHT (1)less than 50% - Where is John? to the movies yesterday. He might be at the library. (2) polite request (rare) - Might I borrow your pen? - You might listen when I am (3) petulant reproach talking to you. (Làm ơn ráng mà lắng nghe tôi nói) (4) exclamation as a wish (5) after the clause with “hope”, “trust” (6) adverb clauses of concession with “but” (7) adverb clauses of purpose
2. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 3. COULD (1)Past ability - Could I borrow your pen? (2)polite request - Could you help me? (3)suggestion -I need help in math. You could talk to your teacher. Where is John? He could be at home. (4)less than 50 % That couldn’t be true. certainty (5)impossibility (negative only) 4. CAN (1)ability/ possibility - I can run fast. 1. Must have and can't have (2)informal permission - You can use my car tomorrow. Diễn đạt một ý kiến của mình (colloquial speech) theo suy luận logic.(về 1 hành (3)informal polite request - Can I borrow your pen? động trong quá khứ) (4) impossibility (negative - That can’t be true. I must have left my wallet in only) Listen! I think I can hear the the car.( I am sure I did ) (5) = Continuous Tense sound of the sea. (không dùng I Jim can't have noticed you.( I when using with verbs of am hearing) am sure he didn't ) perception 2. Must + Perfect: Dùng để nói 5. MUST (1)strong necessity (from - I must go to class today. về một tiên đoán xảy ra trong speaker) -> needn’t - Must I do it now? - No, you quá khứ nhưng dựa trên những (negative) needn’t. Tomorrow will be soon cơ sở rõ ràng enough. Eg: - I have lost one of my (2)prohibition(negative) - You must not open that door. (3)95 % certainty-> can’t Mary isn’t in class. She must be gloves. I must have dropped it (negative) sick. ( present only) somewhere. If he said that, he can’t be telling - My wacth says only the truth. ten past six. It must have stopped. 6. HAVE TO (1)necessity ( from - I have to go to class today. Had to external circumstances) - I don’t have to go to class Must không có dạng quá khứ, (2)lack of necessity ( today. nên chúng ta dùng had to để negative)
3. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 7. HAVE GOT (1)necessity I have got to go to class today. thay thế. TO Sorry I'm late, I had to take the children to school. Dạng nghi vấn là Did you have to? Did you have to work late yesterday? 8. SHOULD = (1) advisability - I should study tonight. Should have and ought to OUGHT TO (2) 90% certainty - She should do well on the test. have ( future only, not present) Diễn đạt cảm giác của người 9. OUGHT TO (1)advisability - I ought to study tonight. nói khi đã nhỡ phạm phải 1 sai (2) 90 % certainty - She ought to do well on the lầm nào đó trong quá khứ. test. ( future only, not present) I should have posted this letter yesterday.( I didn't do the right thing ) You shouldn't have told me the answer.( you were wrong to do so ) 10. SHALL (1) polite question to - Shall I open the door? make a suggestion (2) future with “I “or - I shall arrive at 9.00 “we” as subject (will: more common) (3) threat - He shall suffer for this; he shall pay you what he owes you. (4) determination - These people want to buy my (speaker) house, but they shan’t have it. (5) promise - If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Saturday. 11. WILL (1) 100% certainty - He will be here at 6.00(future Will have V(p2): diễn tả một only) cái gì đó sẽ được hoàn thành (2) willingness - The phone is ringing. I’ll get it. vào một thời gian nào đó trong (3) polite request - Will you please pass the salt? tương lai. (4) determination - (a) George shall go out without - By 2015, I will have left my (subject) his overcoat. school. (b) George will go out without
4. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com his overcoat. (5) promise 12. BE GOING (1)100% certainty - He is going to be here at 6.00. Past plans TO (2)definite plan (future only) I was going to paint my - I am going to paint my bedroom, bedroom. but now I don’t have time. (future only) 13. BE ABLE TO (1) ability I am able to help you. were/ was able to (succeeded in doing) I will be able to help you. the achievement of st difficult in the past When I was young, I could run very fast. Luckily, Mary was able to help us. 14. WOULD (1)polite request - Would you please pass the salt? Would rather + Perfect: Ước (2)preference muốn đã không xảy ra trong - Would you mind if I left early? quá khứ I would rather go to the park Eg: - The film at the cinema (3)repeated action in the than stay at home. past = used to - Every day he would get up at was boring. I would rather six o'clock and light the fire. have stayed home to watch TV. - He studied French at schoo; only because his parents wanted him. He would rather have studied English. Một sự dự đoán về một sự việc mang tính chất giả thiết trong quá khứ - Life in the Middle Ages was harsh and cruel. You would have hated it a lot.
5. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 15. USED TO (1)repeated action in the I used to talk to him via mobile I used to visit my grandparents past phone at night. every weekend. 16. HAD (1)advisability with threat You had better be on time, or we (past form uncommon) BETTER of will leave without you. bad result 17. BE (1)expectation Class is supposed to begin at 10. Class was supposed to begin at SUPPOSED 10. TO 18. BE TO (1)strong expectation You are to be here at 9.00 Was/Were to have Diễn đạt một hành động mà đáng lẽ nó đã phải xảy ra nhưng cuối cùng thì lại không xảy ra. He was to have left yesterday.( he was supposed to leave, but he didn't ) 19. NEED (1)necessity (negative & You needn’t go yet, need you? Needn't have and didn't need interrogative) to Có 1 sự khác biệt nhỏ giữa 2 cách dùng này. Hãy so sánh nhé: I needn't have arrived at seven. - Tôi đáng nhẽ không cần phải tới lúc 7h, nhưng tôi đã làm. ( I arrived at seven, but it wasn't necessary ) I didn't need to arrive at seven. - Trước đó tôi đã biết mình không phải tới lúc 7h. ( we don't know when I arrived - maybe seven or later ) Nhưng thông thường trong văn nói, người ta thường dùng didn't need to trong cả 2
6. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com trường hợp. In speech, have is often contracted in the forms in this unit. 20. DARE (1) bravery to do st You daren’t climb that tree, dare (2) I daresay you? (proverb)= perhaps, it is He is not here yet, but I daresay probable he will come later. MODAL VERBS 1. You’ve been working non-stop for ten hours. You ___ be really tired. A. should B. must C. would rather D. ought to 2. The fortune teller predicted that ___ inherit a big fortune before the end of this year. A. will B. she will C. would D. she would 3. I’m feeling very tired this morning. I ___ have stayed up late last night. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. to stopping 4. You’d better ___ working so hard. A. stop B. to stop C. stopped D. to stopping 5. He helped her, but it was not necessary. He needn’t ___ her. A. help B. to help C. be helping D. have helped 6. “___ you like to play a game of tennis?” “I’d love to.” A. Could B. Will C. Do D. Would 7. His letter is full of mistakes. He ___ the mistakes carefully before sending it. A. must have checked B. should have checked C. could have checked D. can have checked 8. “I bought two bottles of milk.” “You ___ have bought milk; we have heaps of it in the house.” A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. hadn’t 9. “I left my bike here and now it’s gone.” “Someone ___ borrowed it.” A. must have B. should have C. couldn’t have D. needn’t have 10. “Do you remember reading about it in the newspaper?” “No, I ___ abroad at the time.” A. must have been B. must be C. should be D. should have been
7. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 11. “The door was open.” “It ___ been open. I had looked it myself and the key was in my pocket.” A. mustn’t have B. must have C. can’t have D. shouldn’t have 12. The man was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He ___ have fallen 200 meters. A. needn’t B. must C. should D> mustn’t 13. “I heard their phone ringing.” “You ___ phone ringing. They don’t have a phone.” A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 14. when I’ve passed my driving test, I ___ hire a car from our local garage. A. will have B. would be able toC. can be able to D. will be able to 15. When the fog lifts, we ___ where we are. A. could see B. will be able to see C. must have seen D. are seeing 16. You ___ ring the bell; I have a key. A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 17. You ___ drink this; it’s poison A. must B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 18. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ___ have sailed from South America on drafts. A. might B. must C. should D. had 19. She felt ill and ___ leave early. A. has to B. must C. had to D. ought 20. I want this letter typed, but you ___ do it today. Tomorrow you will do. A. must B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 21. “Did you hear me come in last night?” “No, I ___ asleep.” A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 22. When I first went to England, I ___ English, but I ___ it. A. can read / can’t speak B. can read / couldn’t speak C. could read / couldn’t speak D. could read / can’t speak 23. The car plunged into the river. The driver ___ out but the passengers were drowned. A. is able to get B. could get C. was able to get D. can get 25. If you had to, ___ you go without food and drink? A. can B. could C. must D. will 26. I got lost and ___ ask a policeman the way. A. have to B. must have to C .had to D. would 27. We ___ reheat the pie. We can eat it cold. A. needn’t B. must C mustn’t D. should have
8. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 28. we ___ forget to shut the lift gates. A> should B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t 29. The swimmer was very tired, but he ___ the shore before he collapsed. A. was able to reach B. can reach C. could reach D. has reached 30. If a letter comes for me, ___ you please forward it to this address> A. shall B. could C. must D. should 31. The shops here don’t deliver. We ___ carry everything home ourselves. A. might B. must C. have to D. used 32. If you go to a dentist with a private practice, you ___ pay him quite a lot of money. A. have to B. must have C. ought D. need 33. You ___ talk to other candidates during the exam. A. shan’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. hadn’t better 34. You had better ___ your child so much money. It may spoil him. A. not give B. not to give C. to not give D. don’t give 35. You can phone me, but I’d rather you ___ it to me by email. A. to send B. send C. sent D. should send I. Choose the best option for each sentence: 1) Young people ___ obey their parents. a. must c. will b. may d. ought to 2) Laura, you and the kids just have dinner without waiting for me. I ___ work very hard today. a. can c. should b. may d. would 3) I ___ be delighted to show you round the factory. a. ought to c. might b. would d. can 4) Leave early so that you ___ miss the bus. a. didn’t c. shouldn’t b. won’t d. mustn’t 5) Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ___ have cost a fortune a. must c. will
9. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com b. might d. should 6) You ___ to write them today. a. should c. had b. must d.ought 7) I hope I ___ find it. a. will c. could b.shall d. must 8) Unless he runs he___ catch the train. a.will c.wouldn’t b. mustn’t d.won’t 9) ___ you be in Rome tonight. a.will c.might b.may d.maybe 10) We ___ have time to help you tomorrow. a.may c.will b.must d.could. 11) “___ you hand me that pair of scissors, please?” a. May c. Shall b. Will d. Should 12) Jeanette did very badly on the exam. She ___ harder. a.must have studied c. could have studied b. should have studied d. must studied 13) He was very lucky when he fell off the ladder. He ___ himself. a. could have hurt c. must have hurt b. should have hurt d. will have hurt 14) Marcela didn’t come to class yesterday. She ___ an accident. a. should have had c. must have b. might have d. may have had 15) John still hasn’t come out. He ___ everything for the trip now. a. must have been preparing c. must be preparing b. will be preparing d. will have prepared 16) Thomas received a warning for speeding. He ___ so fast. a. shouldn’t have driven c. should have b. would have driven d. might have driven
10. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 17) The photos are black. The X-ray at the airport ___ them. a. should have damaged c. would have damaged c. would damage d. must have damaged 18) Tom didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. He ___ his homework. a. must have done b. should have done c. might have d. will have done 19) My car stopped on the high way. It ___ out of gas a. may run c. must be b. may have run d. should have run 20) Robert arrived without his book. He ___ it. a. could have lost c. would have lost b. should have lost d. will have lost 21) “Where do you think Rooney is today?”. “I have no idea. He ___ late.” a. should have left c. would sleep b. would have sleep d. may have sleep 22) Berbatov painted his bedroomblack. It looks dark and dreary. He ___ a different color. a. had to choose c. must have chosen b. should have chosen d. could have been choosing 23) The children ___ “thank you” to you when you gave them their gifts. a. will have said c. should have said b. must say d. should say 24) If we had known your new address, we ___ to see you. a. came c. will come b. would have come d. would come 25) These two boys look identical. They ___ twins. a.must have been c. should be b.must be d. should have been II. Rewrite the sentence in the same meaning: 26) Perhaps Susan know the address. (may) Susan 27) It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might) Joanna 28) The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has) The report 29) I managed to finish all my work. (able)
11. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com I 30) It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t) Nancy 31) The best thing for you to do is to sit down sit down. (better) You . III. Complete the sentences with must (not), (do not) have to, must (not), need (not), can (not), could (not), might (not), be (not) able to, had better or should. 32) I ___ go to the airport. I’m meeting someone. 33) It’s too late. I ___ go now. 34) You ___ lock the door when you go out. These have been a lot of break-in recently. 35) A person ___ to become rich and famous in order to live a successful life. 36) I don’t want to know anyone. You ___ tell anyone. 37) Tom: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? Susan: Well, it ___ big. That’s not important. But it ___ have a nice garden – that’s essential. 38) Ann: I think I ___ go shopping. We’re run out of food. Susan: We have enough food for dinner, so I ___go shopping today. 39) We ___ repair the car ourselves. We ___ take it to garage. 40) George has traveled a lot. He___to speak for language. Exercises 1.He .leave early, didn’t he? (must/ had to/ has to/ ought to) 2. his eyes were so bad that he read the number on the board. (shouldn’t/hadn’t to/ couldn’t/ can’t) 3. there’s the waiter. I ask him for the bill. (will/ shall/ am able to/ could) 4. .open the door for you? (Would you like that I / Do you want that I /will I / shall) 5. you be able to come to the meeting? – I’m afraid not. (Can/ will/ May/ should) 6. My car broke down so I come by bus. (had to/ must/should/ could) 7. .ask you some questions? – OK,go ahead.(shall I / will I / should I /may I ) 8. I .play tennis than golf. (like better to/ prefer/ ‘d rather/ ‘d better) 9. there are a lot of mistakes in this exercises. I go over it again with you. (will have to/ am able to/ would/ could) 10. he was a good swimmer, so he . Swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (could/ can/ would/ was able to) 11. he live in the country than in the city.(would rather/ had better/ should/ might)
12. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 12. you go now. It’s getting late.(had rather/ had better/ ought/ would rather) 13. You fly to London this evening provided you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.(must/ have to/ can/ ought to) 14. I to take advantage of this opportunity to thank for your co-operation. (would like/can/ am able to/ might) 15. you add it up. I’m not good at figures.(a.have to/b. ought to/c. ‘d better/ both b and c) 16. the phone has been ring ing for a minute. Noone at home(must have been/ can have been/ should have been/ none of these) 17. she’s fainted. Throw some water on her face and she . Come round.(has to/ may/ must/ can have) 18. you please refrain from smoking while the lecture is in progress? (May/ Might/ Would/ Should) 19. I persuade him as I said.(wasn’t able to/ can’t/ mustn’t/ ought not) 20. I’m sorry to bother you while you’re working, but I ask you a question.(can/ had to/ must/ may) 21. He couldn’t have mean it seriously. He .laughed at you. (would/ couldn’t/ had/ must have) 22. we .ensure the telegram arrives in time. (had to/ must/ ‘d rather/ might) 23. he keep his family because his wages were too low. (couldn’t/mustn’t/ can’t/ didn’t have to) 24. the sea was too rough that we swim. (couldn’t/can’t/won’t/wouldn’t) 25. make an appointment to see the doctor? (May I / Could I / Will I/ Shall I ) 26. Perhaps there . A good pro gram on the radio. (might be/ will be/ can be/ should be) 27. I go swimming when I was young. (a. could/b.would./ c. used to/d. both b and c) 28. take this letter to the post office, please?(May you/ Must you/ Would you/ none of these) 29. in our family my father sit at the top of the table. (used to/ had to/ ought to/ must) 30 Do it as well as you . (must/ will/ can/ have to) 31. I swim in this water: it is much too cold.(mightn’t/ mustn’t/ can’t/ don’t have to) 32. you imagine my surprise when I heard the news. (can/ ought to/ will/ all of these) 33. you do some work instead of sitting there reading the paper. (would rather/ ought to/ won’t/ don’t have to) 34. be careful how you hold that jug; it .break easily.(may/ ought to/will/ might)
13. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 35. I’m not sure where to go for my holiday, but I go to China. (should/ may/ have to/ needn’t) 36. we had free tickets, so we .pay to get into the concert. (didn’t have to/ couldn’t/mustn’t/ shouldn’t) 37. Now I’m feeling dizzy. I watched video film till midnight.(shouldn’t have/ can’t have/ couldn’t/ mustn’t) 38. Tom drive . He is too tired. (would rather/ must/ needn’t to/ ought not to) 39. shall I clean the window today? – No, you . (mustn’t/ needn’t/ don’t have/ shouldn’t) 40. you’ve been traveling all day. You .a walk now. (could take/ can’t take/ can take/ may take Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “must not” và “need not”. 1. You ___ ring the bell; I have a key. 2. We ___ drive fast; we have a plenty of time. 3. We ___ drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 4. Candidates ___ bring books into the examination room. 5. You ___ write to him for he will be here tomorrow. 6. We ___ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby. 7. You ___ do all the exercises. Ten sentences will be enough. 8. I want this letter typed but you ___ do it today. Tomorrow will do. 9. You ___ take anything out of the shop without paying for it. 10. You ___ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng 1. I’m not sure. I ___ come a few minutes late. A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t 2. Bring your umbrella. It ___ rain later today. A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. “What are you doing this weekend?” “I haven’t decided yet. I ___ go on a picnic with my family.” A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t 4. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.” “You ___ be very hungry now.” A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must 5. It’s quite urgent. You ___ type the reports today.
14. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would 6. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___ be exactly on time for the meeting. A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may 7. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___ be here. A. must B. shall C. ought D. will 8. The gas tank is almost empty. We ___ stop at the next service station. A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better 9. A person ___ eat in order to live. A. have to B. must C. should D. may 10. A person ___ eat a balanced diet. A. should B. ought C. may D. must 11. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ___ walk home. A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t 12. You ___ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 13. I can’t find my umbrella. I ___ it in the restaurant last night. A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave 14. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ___ last night. A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study 15. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ___ ill. A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been. II. Viết lại các câu sau, bắt đầu bằng từ cho sẵn. 1. He broke my watch. My watch 2. The teacher explained the rule to the student. The rule 3. He often asks me to help him. I 4. His friends never forgave his betrayal. His betrayal
15. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com 5. I am sure we’ll settle the matter easily. I’m sure the matter 6. We sent for the police. The police 7. They speak much about this book. This book 8. Have they tested all the machines? Have all the machines 9. Does he realize that they are laughing at him? Does he realize that he 10. The manager offers me several jobs. I 11. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. Our exercises at home 12. Ali’s absence worried his mother. His mother 13. They are building several new schools in our town. Several new schools 14. We have made great progress in industry, science and medicine. Great progress in industry, science and medicine 15. Sam killed a lion last week. A lion 16. You must hand in your report before the end of this month. Your report 17. I had just finished the job when the factory closed.
16. Collected and composed by Miss.Trang. Email: tranghandsome95@gmail.com The job 18. No one has opened that box for the past hundred years. That box 19. Are you going to mail these letters soon? Are these letters 20. He should have finished the report yesterday. The report 21. Scientists began to carry out researches on SIDA two years ago. Researches on SIDA 23. I can assure you I will arrange everything in time. I can assure you everything 24. We haven’t moved anything since they sent you away to cure you. Anything 25. You don't need to worry about the final test. It isn’t 26. He needs to try on the suit one more time. The suit needs 27. It was necessary for her to put these clothes to the wardrobe. She needed