Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC

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1. 1 MÔN TIẾNG ANH Cách sử dụng tài liệu: - Cách xem nhanh tài liệu: Rê chuột đến phần cần xem: + Giữ phím Ctrl đồng thời click trái chuột; + Muốn về mục lục dùng tổ hợp: click-home - Lưu ý: Không được chỉnh các tiêu đề, vì sẽ thay đổi đường dẫn cách xem tài liệu. Nếu thay đổi tiêu đề thì phải làm lại đường dẫn mới liên kết được. Mục lục I. Tóm tắt lý thuyết, bài tập và các đề ôn luyện: 1. Theories and exercises (Lí thuyết và bài tập)3 A. PHONETICS (Ngữ âm) 3 1. SOUNDS 3 2. STRESS 5 B. GRAMMAR (Ngữ pháp) 6 1. Tenses 6 2. Verb forms 10 3. Passive voice 20 4. Relative clauses 22 5. Word forms 29 6. Tag questions 32 7. Subject and verb agreement 33 8. Result clauses 36 9. Phrases and clauses of purpose 37 10. WH questions 39 11. Reported speech 41 12. Enough/ Too to inf - Used to – be (get) used to 46 13. Phrasal verbs 51 14. Prepositions 53 15. Articles 59 16. Conjunctions 63 17. Conditional sentences 65 18. The comparison of adjectives and adverbs 68 2. Practice tests (các bài luyện tập tham khảo) 72 1. Practice test 1 72 2. Practice test 2 75 3. Practice test 3 79 4. Practice test 4 82 5. Practice test 5 86 6. Practice test 6 90 Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
2. 2 II. Đáp án (KEYS): A. PHONETICS 3. KEY- SOUNDS 4. KEY- STRESS B. GRAMMAR 1. Key-Tenses 2. Key-Verb forms 3. Key-Passive voice 4. Key-Relative clauses 5. Key-Word forms 6. Key-Tag questions 7. Key-Subject and verb agreement 8. Key-Result clauses 9. Key-Phrases and clauses of purpose 10. Key-WH questions 11. Key-Reported speech 12. Key-Enough/ Too to inf - Used to – be (get) used to 13. Key-Phrasal verbs 14. Key-Prepositions 15. Key-Articles 16. Key-Conjunctions 17. Key-Conditional sentences 18. Key-The comparison of adjectives and adverbs Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
3. 3 PART I: THEORIES AND EXERCISES A. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) 1. SOUNDS CÁCH PHÁT ÂM "S" CUỐI : trong trường hợp danh từ số nhiều hoặc động từ số ít. Khi đi sau các phụ âm điếc (voiceless consonants): /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/ ,//,/h/ / s / Ex: laughs, walks, cups, cats, tenths; books Khi đi sau một phụ âm rít : /z/, /s/, /dz/, / t∫/, / ∫ /, /z/. Hoặc các chữ cái: s, x, z, / iz / ch, sh, ce, ge Ex: washes , kisses , oranges / z / Không thuộc hai loại trên. Ex: bags , kids , days Ngọai lệ: bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ: - Chữ s đọc /z / trong các từ :busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc /'∫/ trong các từ sugar,sure Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle: 1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch : .Ex: asked; stopped; laughed 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,, Exercise 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed 6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
4. 4 7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed 8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked 9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded 10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved 11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed 12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed 13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped 14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched 15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed 16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked 17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided 18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed 19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked 20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead 2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please 3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something 4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip 5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days 6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas 7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken 8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband 9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat 10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather 11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair 12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne 13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each 14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction 15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again 16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church 17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written 18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare 19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early 20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry 2. STRESS - Một số quy tắc cơ bản để nhận biết trọng âm 1/ Trọng âm thường ít rơi vào các tiền tố (prefix) và hậu tố (suffix) Ex: dislike, unhappy, uncertain, disappointed, unashamed, forefather. * Ngoại lệ: 'foresight , 'forecast , 'unkeep , 'upland , 'surname , 'subway Dưới đây là vài hậu tố không thay đổi dấu nhấn của từ gốc V + ment: ag'ree (thoả thuận) =>ag'reement V + al: ap'prove (chấp thuận) => ap'proval V + ance: re'sist (chống cự) =>re'sistance (sự V + y: de'liver (giao hàng)=> de'livery (sự giao chống cự) hàng). V + er: em'ploy (thuê làm) => em'ployer (chủ V + age: pack (đóng gói) => 'package (bưu kiện) lao động) V + ing: under'stand (hiểu) => under'standing V + or: in'vent (phát minh) => in'ventor adj + ness: 'bitter (đắng) => 'bitterness (nỗi cay V + ar: beg (van xin) => 'beggar (người ăn xin) đắng) Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
5. 5 2/ Nói chung, trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm kép hoặc dài, ít rơi vào nguyên âm ngắn như /∂/ hay /i/ * Ex: a'bandon , 'pleasure , a'ttract , co'rrect , per'fect , in'side , 'sorry , 'rather , pro'duct , for'get , de'sign , en'joy 3/ Một từ hai vần vừa là động từ vừa là danh từ thì Động từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2. Danh từ : trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1 Ex: 'rebell(n), re'bell(v), export, import, increase, object, perfect, permit, present, produce, record, refuse * Ngoại lệ : 'promise (n), (v) 4/ Trọng âm thường rơi vào trước các hậu tố (suffixes) sau đây một vần : -ION, -IC, -IAL , -ICAL, - UAL, -ITY, -IA, -LOGY, -IAN, -IOUS, -EOUS , -IENCE, -IENT, -GRAPHY , -NOMY , -METRY Ex: 'vision, uni'versity, phy'sician, li'brarian, Ca'nadian, Au'stralian, ex'perience, im'patience, edu'cation, a'bility, elec'tricity, bi'ology, psy'chology, Au'stralia, 'Austria, 'Asia, ge'ography, pho'tography, e'ssential, ha'bitual, me'chanical, mathe'matical, po'litical, de'licious, pho'netics, scien'tific, ge'ometry, a'stronomy Ngoại Trừ (exceptions): 'lunatic, a'rithmetic, 'politics, 'Arabic, 'television 5) Trọng âm rơi vào các vần cuối sau đây: -ADE, -OO, -OON, -EE, -EEN, -EER, -ESE, -AIRE, - SELF, -ETTE, -ESQUE . Ex: bamboo, millionaire, engineer, themselves, saloon, balloon, thirteen, Vietnamese, employee, agree, picturesque, Cartoon, guarantee, kangaroo, typhoon *Ngoại lệ : 'centigrade , 'coffee , co'mmittee , 'cukoo , 'teaspoon Exercise 1. a. pollute b. contractual c. reject d. marvellous 2. a. mechanic b. military c. apologize d. miraculous 3. a. compulsory b. intensity c. kidding d. invaluable 4. a. nursery b. focus c. delicate d. secure 5. a. curriculum b. kindergarten c. contaminate d.conventional 6. A. apology B. industrial C. industry D. disaster. 7. A. interview B. certificate C.applicant D. primary 8. A. certificate B. apartment C. individual D. biology 9. A. scientific B. availlable C. suspicious D. supportive 10. A. especially B. comfortably C. carefully D. possibly 11. A. importance B. subtraction C. algebra D. example 12. A. aspect B. careful C. require D. successful 13. A. terrific B. applicant C. banking D. ignorant 14. A. recognize B. challenge C. symbolize D. Continue 15. A. continent B. belong C. master D. access 16. A. appalling B. ashamed C. November D. architect 17. A. policeman B. cinema C. overcoat D. politics 18. A. competition B. intelligent C. automation D. information 19. A. accountant B. Arabic C. Germany D. chemistry 20. A. attention B. interesting C. influence D. television Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
6. 6 B. GRAMMAR 1.1. TensesTenses 1. The Simple Present (Thì hiện tại đơn) a. Form : ( Công thức ) - Khẳng định : I , We , You , They ( S nhiều ) + V1 He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es - Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't + Vo He , She , It + doesn't + Vo - Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + Vo ? Does + He , She , It + Vo ? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : - Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex : The Earth goes round the sun . - He is a doctor. - Tom comes from England. - Diễn tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại ( always, often, usually, sometimes, now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every ) dùng để nhận biết. Ex : He often goes to class late . / My mother gets up early every morning . Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch. 2 . The Present Continuous (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V –ing - Phủ định : S + am / is / are ( not ) + V -ing - Nghi vấn : Are / Is + S + V-ing . ? Ex: We are studying English now . b. Usage ( Cách dùng) : - Diễn tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói ( ở hiện tại) * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now , right now = at once , at ( the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra lệnh ( Look ! Listen ! ) Ex : - She is listening to his teacher now - Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai ( có kế hoạch từ trước) Ex : She is getting married next year. Note :* Be going to +Vo dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước. Ex: The grey dark appears. It is going to rain. 3 . The Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hòan thành) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3 , ed - Phủ định : S + has / have ( not ) V3 , ed - Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3 , ed? b. Usage (Cách dùng ) : * Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ just , recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, aleady ) Ex : We haven’t finished our homework yet . * Diễn tả 1 hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai (thường đi với các từ since , for) Ex : - They have lived here for ten years . * Ngòai ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third time, twice / many / three . times. Note : For ( many, several, 2, 3 / . + times, years, months or a long time = ages ) # since ( last week ) 4. The Simple Past (Thì quá khứ đơn ) a. Form : - Khẳng định : S + V2, ed ( To be : was / were ) Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
7. 7 - Phủ định : S + did not Vo . - Nghi vấn : Did + S + Vo ? b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ ( đôi khi biết rõ thời gian ) thường có các từ đi kèm : yesterday ,ago , last ( week /night ) , in 1990 ( thời gian ở quá khứ ) 5 . The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ) a. Form : S + was / were + V - ing Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday. b. Usage : - Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ . Ex : - What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? - Diễn tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy ra ( hành động này kéo dài hơn ) thì có hành động khác xen vào . Ex: a. What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? b. We were watching television when he came - Diễn tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ . Ex: Yesterday , while I was reading a book , my sister was watching T.V . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at ( the / this / that ) time, at the moment, at 4p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ ( yesterday, last ) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday. 6 . The Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hòan thành ) a. Form : S + had V3 , ed b. Usage : Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời điểm ở quá khứ . Ex : When I got up this morning , my mother had already left . * Dấu hiệu nhận biết : before , after 7 . The simple future : (Thì tương lai đơn ) a. Form : S + shall / will Vo b. Usage : Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow , next ( week / month ) , in 2010 8. The Perfect Future : ( Tương lai hòan thành ) Form S + will have V 3,ed Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of . Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike. Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if . không dùng thì tương lai mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn . Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week. EXERCISES: I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. She (not work) ., she (swim) .in the river. 2. Why Ann (not wear) her new dress? 3. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath. 4. He usually (drink) . coffee but today he (drink) tea. 5. – What she (do) in the evenings? – She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV. 6. She (stand) at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she (wait) . for. 7. When I arrived , the lecture had already started and the professor (write) . on the overhead projector. 8. I didn't want to meet Paul , so when he entered the room I (leave) . 9. He (watch) TV when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (turn) down the sound and (go) to answer it. 10. – This is my house. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
8. 8 – How long you (live) here? – I (live) here since 1970. 11. He (live) . in London for two years and then (go) . to Edinburgh. 12. I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is. 13. I can't go out because I (not finish) my work. 14. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) . them. 15. You (have) . breakfast yet? – Yes, I (have) it at 8.00. 16. – You (be) here before? – Yes, I (spend) . my holidays here last year. – You (have) . a good time? – No, it never (stop) . raining. 17. – Where you (go) for your holidays this year? – I (go) to Holland. 18. They (get) married next week. 19. – You (do) . anything tonight? – Yes, I (go) to my carpentry class. 20. It (rain) Look at those clouds. 21. You (have) . time to help me tomorrow? 22. – Did you remember to book seats? – Oh no, I forgot. I (telephone) . for them now. 23. – He has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg. – I'm sorry to hear that. I (send) him some grapes. 24. I've hired a typewriter and I (learn) . to type. 25. I see that you have got a loom. You (do) some weaving? II. Multiple choices 1. She Hanoi last year A. went B. go C. goes D. is going 2. Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours A. are flying B. would fly C. will fly D. can fly 3. When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television A. was calling- watched B. called- have watched C. called- was watching D. had called- watched 4. By the time next summer, you your studies A. completes B. will complete C. are completing D. will have completed 5. Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner A. reads- has cooked B. is reading- is cooking C. has read- was cooking D. read- will be cooking 6. Last night at this time, they the same thing. She and he the newspaper A. are doing- is cooking- is reading B. were doing- was cooking- was reading C. was doing- has cooked- is reading D. had done- was cooking- read 7. – Hurry up! We’re waiting for you. What’s taking you so long? – I for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me. a. wait b. will wait c. am waiting d. have waited 8. – Robert is going to be famous someday. He . in three movies already. – I’m sure he’ll be a star. a. has been appearing b. has appeared c. had appeared d. appeared 9. – Hello? Alice? This is Jeff. How are you? – Jeff? What a coincidence! I about you when the phone rang. a. was just thinking b. just thought c. have just been thinking d. was just thought 10. – What about the new simplified tax law? – It’s more confusing than the old one. a. are you thinking b. do you think Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
9. 9 c. have you thought d. have you been thinking 11. – Why did you buy all this sugar and chocolate? – I . a delicious dessert for dinner tonight. a. make b. will make c. am going to make d. will have made 12. – Let’s go! What’s taking you so long? – I’ll be there as soon as I my keys. a. found b. will find c. find d. am finding 13. While I . TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor. a. watch b. watched c. was watching d. am watching 14. The earth on the sun for its heat and light. a. is depend b. depending c. has depend d. depends 15. I don’t feel good. I home from work tomorrow. a. am staying b. stay c. will have stayed d. stayed 16. I’ve been in this city for a long time. I here sixteen years ago. a. have come b. was coming c. came d. had come 17. – May I speak to Dr. Paine, please? – I’m sorry, he a patient at the moment. Can I help you? a. is seeing b. sees c. has been seeing d. was seeing 18. – Paul, could you please turn off the stove? The potatoes for at least 30 minutes. a. are boiling b. have been boiling c. boiling d. were boiling 19. My family loves this house. It .the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago. a. was b. has been c. is d. will be 20. I know you feel bad now, Tommy, but try to put it out of your mind. By the time you’re an adult, you all about it. a. forget b. will have forgotten c. will forget d. forgot 21. The little girl started to cry. She her doll, and no one was able to find it for her. a. has lost b. had lost c. was losing d. was lost 22. I much of you lately. We three months ago A. haven’t seen- last meet B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met 23. The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought D. had been making- brought 24. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience A. just finished- were clapping B. had just finished- had clapped C. had just finished- were clapping D. just finished- had clapped 25. He his job last month and then he out of work A. lost- was B. was lost- had been C. has lost- was D. lost- has been 26. Jane’s eyes burned and her shoulders ached. She . at the computer for five straight hours. Finally, she took a break. a. is sitting b. has been sitting c. was sitting d. had been sitting 27. In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable A. become B. has become C. became D. will became 28. In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon A. took B. had taken C. had been taken D. was taking 29. Sam to change a light bulb when he and A. was trying -slipped- fell B. tried- was slipping- falling C. had been trying- slipped- was falling D. has tried- slips- falls 30. In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the last Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
10. 10 hundred and fifty years A. was- have changed B. is- change C. had been- will change D. has been- changed 2.2. VerbVerb formsformsforms Để dễ nhớ, ta chia hình thức động từ loại động từ : + Bare infinitive(động từ nguyên mẫu không To) >Vo + To infinitive (động từ nguyên mẫu có To) > V1 + Simple past( qúa khứ đơn) Vo-ED/ V2 > V2 + Past participle: qúa khứ phân từ : V3/ Vo-ED > V3 + Present participle Hiện tại phân tư :Vo+ing > V4 ( chức năng như tính từ hay dùng trong thì tiếp diễn) + Gerund Danh động từ:(Vo+ing) (chức năng như danh từ hoặc động từ) > V4 * Động từ chia theo ý nghĩa có động từ đặc biệt và động từ thường, chia theo dạng có 3 dạng chính như sau: Bare infinitive (V0) Infinitive : To infinitive (V1) Gerund (V0 + ing ) Past Participle Vo ed/V3 ( V3 ) Participle : Present Participle - Vo + ing(V4 ) I. Bare infinitive : (bare) động từ nguyên mẫu khơng to 1. Sau modal verb ( động từ khiếm khuyết ) 2. Sau auxilary verb : do, does, did. 3. Sau make, let, help ( sau help có thể có To inf ). Passive voice dùng to inf theo sau. Trừ let 4. Sau động từ chỉ giác quan:(verbs of perception ) : see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice Vo ( bare ) hành động đã xong S + V + object Vo ( ing ) hành động đang diễn ra 5. Sau had better ( tốt hơn ) would rather ( thà thì hơn ), had sooner. 6. Sau thành ngữ : to do nothing but + Vo ( bare ) : không làm gì cả mà chỉ. Can not but + Vo(bare): không còn cách nào khác. 7. Causative form (Thể sai khiến): S + have + object ( chỉ người ) + Vo (bare). 8. Simple present tense : I, you, we, they +Vo (bare). 9. Bắt đầu câu mệnh lệnh: ( imprative ) II. To infinitive (V1) động từ nguyên mẫu có To) 1. Làm subject V(sing) (review formal subject) 2. Làm object of verb : S + V + to inf (as an object ) 3. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ ( object complement ) ; S + V + obj + to infinitive 4. Làm adjective rút gọn adjective clause ( relative clause ) đứng sau danh từ review how to reduce relative clause. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
11. 11 5. Làm adverb rút gọn : adverbbial clause of result : đứng sau adj Rút gọn: adverbial clause of purpose: chỉ mục đích 5a. Rút gọn clause of result theo công thức sau ( phrase of result ) S + V + too adj/adv ( for object )+ to inf S + V + adj/adv enough (for object )+to inf 5b. Rút gọn : clause of purpose theo mẫu sau ( phrase of purpose ) to inf S + V + in order for object to inf so as to inf 6. It + take+ (object) + time + to inf 7. Causative form: S+ get + object ( chỉ người ) + to inf 8. Sau một số động từ sau đây: 8.a Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là to infinitive : S + V + to inf 1. afford : cung cấp đủ 21. manage : xoay xở 2. agree : đồng ý 22. mean : muốn 3. appear : có vẻ 23. need : cần ( chủ động, người ) 4. arrange : sắp xếp 24. offer : mời 5. ask : hỏi 25. plan : dự định, kế hoạch 6. attempt : cố gắng 26. prepare : chuẩn bị 7. beg : đề nghị, xin 27. pretend : giả vờ 8. care : quan tâm 28. promise : hứa 9. claim : cho là, tuyên bố 29. refuse : từ chối 10. consent : đồng ý, tán thành 30. regret : tiếc ( tương lai ) 11. decide : quyết định 31. remember : nhớ (tương lai ) 12. demand : yêu cầu 32. seem : dường như 13. deserve : xứng đáng 33. struggle : đấu tranh, cố gắng 14. expect : trông đợi 34. swear : thề 15. dare : dám 35. threaten : dọa 16. fail : thất bại 36. tend : có khuynh hướng 17. forget : quên ( tương lai ) 37. volunteer : tình nguyện, xung phong 18. hesitate : ngập ngừng 38. wait : đợi 19. hope : hy vọng 39. want : muốn ( chủ động ) 20. learn : học 40. wish : ao ước 8.b Những động từ sau đây, theo sau là Obj + to inf: S + V + objective + to inf 1. advise : khuyên 23. require : yêu cầu 2. allow: cho phép 24. recommend : khuyên 3. ask : hỏi, đòi hỏi 25. teach : dạy 4. beg : năn nỉ, xin 26. tell : bảo 5. cause : gây ra 27. urge : thúc giục, thuyết phục 6. challenge : thách thức, thách đố 28. want : muốn 7. convince : thuyết phục 29. warn : cảnh báo 8. dare : dám 30. help : giúp đỡ 9. encourage :khuyến khích 31. would like : thích 10. expect : trông đợi 32. would prefer : thích 11. forbid : cấm 33. appoint : chỉ định ai làm gì 12. force : bắt buộc 34. charge : giao nhiệm vụ Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
12. 12 13. hire : thuê, mướn 35. choose : lựa chọn 14. instruct : chỉ dẫn 36. compel : cưỡng bách 15. invite : mời 37. defy : thách 16. need : cần 38. desire : ao ước, thèm thuồng 17. tempt : cám dỗ 39. direct : hướng dẫn, chỉ huy 18. intend : dự định 40. implore : yêu cầu 19. order : ra lệnh 41. provoke : xúi giục 20. permit : cho phép 42. Teach, explain, know, understand, discover, 21. persuade : thuyết phục consider, think, believe + how + to inf :Chỉ cách 22. remind : nhắc lại thức III. Gerund : Danh động từ A. Gerund as a noun ( subj , obj, complement & appositive) 1. Làm chủ ngữ V(sing) ( real subject & informal subject ). 2. Làm tân ngữ Object of verb : S + V + V- ing ( gerund ). Object of preposition sau preposition + V-ing. 3. Làm subject complement: Ex: My hobby is swimming ( gerund ) 4. Làm appositive (ngữ đồng vị ) Ex: My hobby, swimming makes me healthy. 5. Đứng sau thành ngữ : it is no use, it is no good : there is no use, there is no good: vô ích can’t stand / bear / help : không thể chịu được 6. Sau hai tính từ : busy, worth 7. Thành lập noun compound ( danh từ kép ) N + gerund child bearing Gerund + N flying machine B. Gerund as a verb : có object hoặc được bổ nghĩa bởi một trạng từ 1. admit : thừa nhận 26. hate : ghét 2. advise : khuyên ( không object ) 27. mention : nhắc tới, nghĩ tới 3. anticipate : tham gia 28. mind : phiền 4. appreciate : đánh giá cao 29. miss : nhớ, lỡ, mất 5. avoid : tránh 30. postpone : đình, hõan. 6. complete : hòan thành 31. prevent : ngăn cản 7. consider : xem xét 32. practise : luyện tập 8. delay : trì hõan 33. recall : gợi lại, nhớ lại. 9. dread : sợ 34. recollect : gợi lại. 10. detest : ghét 35. recommend : khuyên, dặn dò. 11. discuss : thảo luận 36. regret : tiếc nuối ( quá khứ ) 12. dislike : không thích 37. remember : nhớ ( qúa khứ ) 13. deny : từ chối 38. resent : tức giận, phật ý. 14. enjoy : thưởng thức 39. resist : cưỡng lại, phản kháng. 15. excuse : xin lỗi 40. risk : liều lĩnh. 16. finish : hoàn thành 41. stop : ngừng, từ bỏ. 17. forget : quên ( qúa khứ ) 42. start : ( hoặc To inf ) 18. forgive : tha thứ 43. suggest : đề nghị Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
13. 13 19. fancy : tưởng tượng 44. tolerate : bỏ qua 20. imagine : tưởng tượng 45. understand : hiểu 21. involve : làm liên lụy 46. restrict : hạn chế, giảm bớt, ngăn ngừa. 22. include : bao gồm * can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t help 23. keep : tiếp tục * it is no use, it is no good, there is no use . 24. love : ( hoặc To inf) * look forward to 25. like : thích * busy, worth IV. Past participle : quá khứ phân từ – VoED/V3 1. Thêm trợ từ have+Vo-ED/V3 ( past participle ) perfect tense 2.Thêm trợ từ Be +VoED/V3(past participle) passive voice 3. Làm chức năng như adjective passive meaning cĩ thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) + Có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. + Có thể rút gọn câu khi một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hành động. 4. Thành lập adjective compound: tính từ kép N man – made Adj + V ( PP – VoED/V3 ) new – born Adv well – known 6. Thêm “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp V(plural ) educated(adj) the educated:những người có giáo dục. 7. Thành lập causative form : thể truyền khuyến S +have/get +object (chỉ vật)+ V ( PP – Vo ED/V3 ) V. Present participle ( Vo + ing) hiện tại phân từ. 1. Thêm trợ từ Be + Vo-ing để thành lập thì continuous tense. 2. Làm tính từ mang nghĩa chủ động ( active meaning ) có thể rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ ( adjective clause or relative clause ) có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nhượng bộ, lý do và điều kiện . một chủ ngữ thực hiện 2 hành động có thể dùng present participle để rút gọn. 3. Thêm mạo từ “the” để thành lập danh từ tập hợp : Ex: to live the living : những người đang sống. 4. Thành lập tính từ kép ( adjective compound ). N peace – loving Adj Vo + ing good – loking Adv hard - working VI. Vo + ing or to infinitive 1. Recommend, begin, start, continue + To inf /Vo – ing 2. Forget, remember, regret: +to inf chỉ tương lai +Vo – ing chỉ quá khứ 3. Stop to infinitive ngừng việc đang làm để làm việc khác. Vo – ing : ngừng việc đang làm 4. Try to infinitive : cố gắng Vo – ing : thử 5. Need, want, require To inf : mang nghĩa chủ động Vo+ ing : mang nghĩa bị động (need: tobe + V (PP) Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
14. 14 6. Would you mind + Vo- ing? Would you mind if + S + past Subjunctive ? 7. Advise, allow, permit obj + to infi  + Vo- ing 8. Prefer: + V-ing to V-ing:thích cái gì hơn cái gì + to infinitive: thích cái gì đó 9. Feel like + Vo ing: thích cái gì đó EXERCISES: I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund , infinitive, participle). 1. I caught him (climb) ___ over my wall. I asked him (explain) ___ but he refused (say) ___ anything, so in the end I had (let) ___ him (go) ___. 2. When at last I succeeded in (convince) ___ him that I wanted (get) ___ home quickly he put his foot on the accelerator and I felt the car (leap) ___ forward. 3. I'm not used to (drive) ___on the left. When you see everyone else (do)___ it you'll find it quite easy (do) ___yourself. 4. It is pleasant (sit) ___by the fire at night and (hear) ___the wind (howl) ___outside. 5. There was no way of (get) ___out of the building except by (climb) ___down a rope and Ann was too terrified (do) ___this. 6. We heard the engines (roar) ___as the plane began (move) ___ and we saw the people on the ground (wave) ___good-bye. 7. It's no good (write) ___ to him; he never answers letters. The only thing (do) ___ is (go)___ and (see) ___him. 8. Why did you go all round the field instead of (walk) ___ across it? I didn't like (cross) ___it because of the bull. I never see a bull without (think) ___that it wants (chase) ___ me. 9. The people in the flat below seem (be) ___ having a party. You can hear the champagne corks (thud)___ against their ceiling. 10. I don't like (get) ___bills but when I do get them I like (pay) ___them promptly. 11. Ask him (come) ___in. Don't keep him (stand) ___at the door. 12. The boys next door used (like) ___(make) ___ and (fly) ___ model aero planes, but they seem to have stopped (do) ___ that now. 13. I knew I wasn't the first (arrive)___, for I saw smoke (rise) ___from the chimney. 14. We watched the men (saw) ___the tree and as we were walking away heard it (fall) ___with a tremendous crash. 15. I hate (see) ___a child (cry) ___. 16. We watched the children (jump) ___from a window and (fall) ___into a blanket held by the people below. 17. It is very unpleasant (wake) ___ up and (hear) ___ the rain (beat) ___on the windows. 18. He saw the lorry (begin) ___ (roll) ___ forwards but he was too far away (do) ___ anything (stop) ___it. 19. There are people who can't help (laugh) ___when they see someone (slip) ___on a banana skin. 20. I prefer (drive) ___ to (be driven) ___. II. Multiple choices 1. All the passengers were made ___ their seat belts during the turbulence. a. buckle b. to buckle c. buckling d. for buckling. 2. ___ good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream. a. Make b. Making c. To make d. For make Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
15. 15 3. I got my friend ___ her car for the weekend. a. to let me to borrow b. to let me borrow c. let me borrow d. let me to borrow 4. How can you let such a silly incident ___ your friendship? a. wreck b. to wreck c. wrecking d. that wrecks 5. ‘How about going to the theater?' 'OK,' but I would rather ___ a concert.' a. attend b. to attend c. attending d. have attended 6. The skiers would rather ___ through the mountains than go by bus. a. to travel on train b. traveled by train c. travel by train d. traveling by the train 7. If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop ___ lunch. a. having b. to have c. having had d. for having 8. The examiner made us ___ our identification in order to be admitted to the test center. a. show b. showing c. to show d. showed 9. As we entered the room, we saw a rat ___ towards a hole in the skirting board. a. scamper b. to scamper c. scampering d. was scampering 10. I remember ___ to Paris when I was a very small child. a. to be taken b. to take c. being taken d. taking 11. My parents wouldn't ___ to the party. a. allow me go b. allow me to go c. allow me going d. allow to go 12. We are going to have my house ___ tomorrow morning. a. paint b. painting c. painted d. to be painted 13. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ___ part in the projects. a. to take b. taking c. to be taken d. being taken 14. Sally's low test scores kept her from ___ to the university. a. admitting b. to admit c. to be admitted d. being admitted 15. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall ___ about it. a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told 16. I meant to get up early but I forgot ___ up my alarm clock. a. wind b. to wind c. wind d. wound 17. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ___ as soon as possible. a. to repair b. repairing c. being repaired d. be repaired 18. Alice didn't expect ___ to Bill's party. a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked 19. We asked ___ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't. a. Marie to stop playing b. Marie stop to play c. that Marie stops playing d. Marie to stop to play 20. A good teacher makes her students ___ the world from new perspectives. a. to view b. view c. to be viewed d. viewing 3.3. PassivePassive voicevoice I. Form: Active: S + V + O + . Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend. S V O Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend. S be V3/ed by O Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
16. 16 II. CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday Trong câu chủ động: - Peter → Subj ; took → động từ chính (Past simple) - this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ chỉ thời gian Trong câu bi động: - Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj - took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle) - thêm was vì động từ chính (took) đang chia thì Past simple A. Tổng quát: Active sentence: Subj + V + Obj Passive sentence: Subj + BE + V3 / VoED(động từ chính) + by Obj 1- Chuyển: Obj > Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ nếu by Obj không cần thiết) 2-Thêm BE và chia thì tương ứng với thì câu chủ động. Nghĩa là: Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “ To Be” phải chia ở thì đó). Như vậy: trong câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trò chia thì, Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động (không chia thì) 3- Chuyển động từ chính sang > V3 hoặc Vo ED. B. Cụ thể như sau: 1. Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb của câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho được thì và động từ chính của câu chủ động) 2. Chuyển: Obj > Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone : nếu không cần thiết). - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là danh từ chỉ vật liệu, dụng cụ > câu bị động thay by bằng with + Obj. Ex: Moss is covering this wall > This wall is being covered with moss - Nếu Subj của câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody > câu bị động bỏ by Obj và ở thể phủ định. Ex: No one helps me > I am not helped. 3. Chuyển động từ chính sang > V3 hoặc Vo ED. (Động từ chính có chức năng như một tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-không chia thì) 4. Thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động (Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì To be phải chia ở thì đó ) 5. Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động nếu có. Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + Vo + object →Passive: S + will/would, shall/should + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object). Ex: Police will destroy these drugs. → These drugs will be destroyed by police. 6. Đặt trạng từ chỉ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có. Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used 7. Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) nếu có. 8. Đặt trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ chỉ thời gian sau BY nếu có. Place + by Obj + Time Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
17. 17 Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year. → This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year 9. Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, do đó động từ theo sau hầu hết là To infinitive. Ex: She makes me cry. → I am made to cry. III. NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT 1-Causative form(thể truyền khuyến): a/Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo. Ex: I have him repair my bicycle. -S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi. Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle. b/Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED. Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him. 2. Sau những động từ chỉ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think ) (that) +S2+ verb2 Passive: Cách 1: It + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + S2 + verb 2 Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) / + to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) nếu V1 khác thì V2 Ex: People say that he was crazy. → Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy or → Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy.( to have been vì say và was khác thì) . Ex: People say that money brings happiness → Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness → Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring vì say và bring cùng thì) 3. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid. Ex: I hear him come in > He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động là coming thì giữ nguyên trong câu bị động). 4. Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh): Ex: a. Open the door > Let the door be opened. b. They let him go out > He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out. 5. Sau những động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope. Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA. Ex: He does not like people laughing at him. > He does not like being laughed at. 6. Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request. Ex: He advised me to accept this job → Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted. → Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job. 7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing. 8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
18. 18 Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise. =>It is important for this exercise to be finished - It is necessary to copy this lesson => It is necessary for this lesson to be copied. - It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed. 9- Các trường hợp khác: Ex Please enter this way. > You are requested to enter this way. Dưới đây là vài ví dụ về cách thêm BE và chia tương ứng với thì của câu chủ động a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED Ex: She cleans the floor everyday. → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday. b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing → S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker. c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED → S+ has/have + been + V3 / Vo ED Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED. Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed) →Passive: Where were the drugs found ? e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing ) → S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday → Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday. f. The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm. → Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m g- Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom ? - Who by ? Ex: Who wrote this novel ? → Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? hoặc: Who was this novel written by ? Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice 1. People drink a great deal of tea in England. 2. Tom was writing two poems. 3. She often takes her dog for a walk. 4. People speak English all over the world. 5. A group of students have met their friends at the railway station. 6. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. 7. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow. 8. How many trees did they cut down to build that fence? 9. This well-known library attracts many people. 10. My mother used to make us clean the house. 11. He likes people to call him “Sir”. 12. They are going to have someone repair their car 13. People say that he is intelligent. 14. He can’t repair my bike. 15. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock. 16. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years. 17. They didn’t look after the children properly. 18. Nobody swept this street last week. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
19. 19 19. How many lessons are you going to learn next month? 20. You need to do this work. Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive: 1. They will construct some new airports on islands. 2. The new president might fulfill this promise as quickly as people would like. 3. They are going to find out the mystery. 4. You can buy videos like this one anywhere. 5. Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor. 6. They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive. 7. Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day. 8. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest? 9. Where will your company send you next year? 10. They ought to have reported the accident to the police. Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive 1. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) her a job soon. 2. Good news! I (may + offer) a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday. 3. You (should + open) the wine about three hours before you use it. 4. You (mustn’t + move) this man; he is too ill. He (will + have to + leave) here. 5. You (must + take) those books back to the library yesterday. 6. We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) 7. You (must + keep) meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil. 8. I (had better + wash) my clothes today, or they will be very smelly. 9. Someone (should + tell) James the news immediately. 10. This application (be supposed to + send) to the personnel department soon. Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence. 1. I shouldn’t . so much coffee last night. I was wide awake till four in the morning. A. drink B. drank C. be drunk D. have drunk 2. The profits are supposed . among the shareholders. A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided 3. When you are on duty, your uniform must . at all times. A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing 4. You promised her a letter; you ought to . days ago. A. write B. be writing C. have written D. be written Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
20. 20 5. After the test papers . to the students in class tomorrow, the students . their next assignment. A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given 6. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to . in half. A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided 7. The entire valley can . from their mountain home. A. see B. be seen C. being seen D. sees 8. He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger. He must . A. have been married B. be married C. marry D. have married 9. A child should . everything he or she wants. A. gives B. give C. have been given D. be given 10. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing . encouraged. A. should be B should C. be D. have 11. I found this book on my desk when I came to class. It must . by one of the students in earlier class. A. be left B. have been left C. leave D. have left 12. You had better .your chores before Mom gets home. A. be finished B. have finished C. have been finished D. finish 13. These books will have to . to the library tomorrow. A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned 14. Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th. Her birthday card . a week ago. A. will be sent B. can be sent C. should have been sent D. should have sent 15. You . me to Dr. Gray. We’ve already met. A. don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced C. shouldn’t introduce D. mustn’t introduce 16. Bill .Ann to the party tomorrow. A. will be invited B. will invite C. will have invited D. will have been invited. 17. A new hospital .in this area. A. are going to be built B. builds C. is going to be built D. is going to build 18. Mike . What’s going on in his English class. A. can’t understand B. can’t be understood C. could have understood D. could have been understood 19. Our test papers .by our teachers now. A. are marking B. are being marked C. will mark D. will be marked 20. .the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? A. Did you feed B. Were you fed C. Were you being fed D. Were you feeding Exercise 5: Multiple choices 1. Many U.S. automobiles in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle last night. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing by waiting. A. will be accomplished B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. accomplishes Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
21. 21 4.” When ? “ - In 1928 A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover 5. The rescuers for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers. A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising 6. Vitamin C by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily 7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings masterpieces all over the world. A. had considered B. are considering C. are considered D. consider 8. We can’t go along here because the road is . A. been repaired B. being repaired C. repaired D. repairing 9. More than 50 films in HCMC since June. A. were shown B. had been shown C. have been shown D. have shown 10. George is Lisa. A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to 11. Somebody cleans the room every day. a. The room every day is cleaned b. The room is every day cleaned c. The room is cleaned every day d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day 12. They cancelled all flights because of fog. a. All flights because of fog were cancelled. b. All flights were cancelled because of fog. c. All flights were because of fog cancelled d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog 13. People don't use this road very often. a. This road is not used very often b. Not very often this road is not used c. This road very often is not used d. This road not very often is used 14. Somebody accused me of stealing money. a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money. b. I was accused of stealing money c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody d. I was accused stealing money. 15. How do people learn languages? a. How are languages learned? b. How are languages learned by people? c. How languages are learned? d. Languages are learned how? 16. People warned us not to go out alone. a. We were warned not going out alone b. We were warned not to go out alone by people. c. We weren't warned to go out alone. d. We were warned not to go out alone. 17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. a. The computer is being used at the moment. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
22. 22 b. The computer at the moment is being used. c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment. d. The computer is used at the moment. 18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation. a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded. b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded. c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone. d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded. 19. We found that they had cancelled the game. a. We found that the fame had been cancelled. b. The game had been cancelled. c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them. d. The game were found to be cancelled. 20. They are building a new highway around the city. a. A new highway is being built around the city. b. A new highway is being built around the city by them c. A new highway around the city is being built. d. Around the city a new highway is being built. 4.4. RelativeRelative clausesclauses RELATIVE CLAUSES & REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES A. RELATIVE CLAUSES - Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay mệnh đề tính ngữ) bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. - Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt sau danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, và trạng từ quan hệ: WHERE, WHY, WHEN. Danh từ đứng trước Chủ ngữ Tân ngữ Sở hữu cách (Antecedent) (Subject) (Object) (Possesive Case) Người (person) Who/That Whom/That Whose Vật (Thing) Which/That Which/That Of which/ whose 1. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative Clauses) a. WHO: thay thế cho người, làm chủ từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - I need to meet the boy. The boy is my friend’s son. I need to meet the boy who is my friend’s son. - The woman is standing over there. She is my sister. The woman who is standing over there is my sister. b. WHO/ WHOM: thay thế cho người, làm túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex:- I know the girl. I spoke to this girl. I know the girl who/ whom I spoke to. - The man is my teacher. Your father is talking to him. The man who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. c. WHICH: - thay thế đồ vật, làm chủ từ, túc từ trong MĐQH. Ex: - She works for a company. It makes cars She works for a company which makes cars. - The elephants are big. People keep the elephants in iron cages. The elephants which people keep in iron cages are big. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
23. 23 - Thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó Ex: He passed his exam. This pleased his parents. He passed his exam, which pleased his parents. (dùng dấu phẩy trước đại từ quan hệ) d. THAT: thay thế cho WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH trong MĐQH hạn định Ex: - I need to meet the boy that/ who is my friend’s son. - The woman that/ who is standing over there is my sister. - I know the girl that/ who/ whom I spoke to. - The man that/ who/ whom your father is talking to is my teacher. - She works for a company that/ which makes cars. - The elephants that/ which people keep in iron cages are big. * Những trường hợp thường dùng THAT: - Sau cụm từ quan hệ vừa chỉ người và vật: Ex: He told me the places and people that he had seen in London. - Sau đại từ bất định: something, aynyone, nobody, all, much Ex: I’ll tell you something that is very interesting. All that is mine is yours. - Sau các tính từ so sánh nhất, only, first, last Ex: - This is the most beautiful dress that I have. - You are the only person that can help us. - Trong cấu trúc It + be + + that (chính là ) Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence. (Chính là bạn tôi đã viết câu này.) * Những trường hợp không dùng THAT: - Trong mệnh đề tính từ không hạn định. Ex: Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - Sau giới từ Ex: The house in that I was born is for sale. e. WHOSE (OF WHICH): thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his-, her-, its-, their-). Ex: - John found the cat. Its leg was broken. John found the cat whose leg/(the leg of which) was broken. - This is the student. I borrowed his book. This is the student whose book I borrowed. f. OF WHICH / OF WHOM: Ex: - Daisy has three brothers. All of them are teachers. Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. - He asked me a lot of questions. I couldn’t answer most of them. He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer. g. Giới từ đặt trước mệnh đề tính ngữ: (WHOM/WHICH) Ex: - The man speaks English very fast. I talked to him last night. The man to whom I talked last night speaks English very fast. - The house is for sale. I was born in it. The house in which I was born is for sale. * LƯU Ý: KHÔNG dùng THAT sau giới từ. 2. Trạng từ quan hệ (Relative Adverbs) a. WHERE (in/ on/ at which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
24. 24 Ex: - The movie theater is the place. We can see films at that place. The movie theater is the place where we can see films. b. WHEN (in/ on which): thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian Ex: - Do you remember the day. We first met on that day. Do you remember the day when we first met? c. WHY (for which): thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do Ex: - Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason. Tell me the reason why you are so sad. CÓ 2 LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ LIÊN HỆ: RESTRICTIVE & NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES I. Restrictive Relative Clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước chưa được xác định rõ, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính sẽ không rõ nghĩa. Ex: - I saw the girl. She helped us last week. I saw the girl who/that helped us last week. * LƯU Ý: Ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, THAT khi chúng làm tân ngữ trong MĐQH hạn định. II. Non-restritive Relative Clauses: - Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước đã được xác định rõ (nó chỉ là phần giải thích thêm), nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn rõ nghĩa. - Mệnh đề này ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy. - Ta dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định khi: + Trước đại từ quan hệ có: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/ + Từ trước đại từ quan hệ là tên riêng, danh từ riêng, vật duy nhất, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn Ex: - My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor. - Mr. Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him. Mr Brown, who we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. - The sun made the traveller thirsty. It was hot at midday. The sun, which was hot at midday, made the traveller thirsty - The boys in the next room are my students. They are making noise. The boys in the next room, who are making noise, are my students. * LƯU Ý: + KHÔNG được bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong MĐQH không hạn định. EXERCISE 1 : Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun. 1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday. . 2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen . 3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City. . 4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
25. 25 . 5. I’m reading the book. I bought it in 1996. . 6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me. . 7. The young man is Ba’s brother. He is talking to our teacher. . 8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago. . 9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world. . 10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason. . 11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood. . 12. I don’t like the films. They have unhappy ending. . 13. I know the man. His son broke your windows. . 14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me. . 15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. . 16. She hasn’t eat anything. This makes her parents worried. . 17. The student is from China. He sits next to me. 18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me. 19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course. 20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries. B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES 1) Dùng phân từ: a) Dùng cụm V-ing : Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động Ex: a. The man who is standing there is my brother. b. The man standing there is my brother b) Dùng cụm P.P: (V3/ V-ed) Dùng cho các mệnh đề mang nghĩa bị động . a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du. b. I like books written by Nguyen Du. 2) Dùng cụm to inf: ( Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P ) -Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ sau đây : Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
26. 26 ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) This is the only student to do the problem. -Động từ là HAVE Ex: I have something that I must do now. (động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) I have something to do now. -Câu bắt đầu bằng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE) Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (động từ mang nghĩa bị động) There are six letters to be written today. GHI NHỚ : Trong phần to inf này cần nhớ 2 điều sau: - Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to inf. Ex: We have some picture books that children can read. We have some picture books for children to read. Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone thì có thể không cần ghi ra. Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about. Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about. - Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu. Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat. We have a peg to hang our coat on. 3) Dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ ) Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách làm: -bỏ who ,which và be Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. Football, a popular sport, is very good for health. Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table? Do you like the book on the table? PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI LOẠI RÚT GỌN: Bước 1 : - Tìm xem mệnh đề tính từ nằm chổ nào Bước này dễ vì mệnh đề tính từ thường bắt đầu bằng WHO,WHICH,THAT Bước 2 : Bước này chủ yếu là rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thành cụm từ 1. Nhìn xem mệnh đề có công thức S + BE + CỤM DANH TỪ không ? Nếu có áp dụng công thức 3 . 2. Nếu không có công thức đó thì xem tiếp trứoc who which có các dấu hiệu first ,only v v không ,nếu có thì áp dụng công thức 2 (to inf. ) lưu ý thêm xem 2 chủ từ có khác nhau không ( để dùng for sb ) 3. Nếu không có 2 trừong hợp trên mới xét xem câu đó chủ động hay bị động mà dùng V-NG hay P.P Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
27. 27 EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses 1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with. 2. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with. 3. I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in. 4. The floor is dirty but I haven’t got a brush that I can sweep it with. 5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in. 6. She said that she wasn’t going to buy any cards; she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards. 7. You are the last person who saw her alive. 8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. 9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde. 10. He was the second man who was killed in this way. 11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. 12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament. 13. Here are some accounts that you must check. 14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss . 15. He was the man who was saved in the fire . 16. Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board. 17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan. 18. .She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin. 19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time. 20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
28. 28 EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER: 1. That’s my friend,___ comes from Japan. A. which B. who C. whom D. where. 2. The plants which___ in the living room need a lot of water. A. are B. be C. is D. was 3. She’s the woman___ sister looks after the baby for us. A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose 4. That’s the doctor for___ Cliff works. A. that B. which C. whom D. whose 5. Marie,___ I met at the party, called me last night. A. that B. whom C. which D. whose 6. I remember Alice,___ rode the bus to school with. A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who 7. I used to enjoy the summer, ___ we had a big family picnic. A. where B. when C. which D. that 8. Tell me about the city ___ you grew up. A. that B. where C. which D. ø 9. Anna found the book that ___ wanted at the bookshop. A. ø B. where C. she D. which 10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ___ are due this week. A. ø B. that C. when D. they 11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing 12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come. B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come. C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come. D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come. 13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning. A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning? B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning? C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning? D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning? 14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer. A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old. B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old. C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old. D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old. 15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song. A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents. B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents. C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing. D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
29. 29 5.5. WordWord formsformsforms A- MỘT SỐ CÁCH THÀNH LẬP LOẠI TỪ: I- DANH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N > N supermarket siêu thị underachievement đạt dưới mức surface bề mặt superman siêu nhân subway tàu điện ngầm overexpenditure chi tiêu quá 2) Hậu tố: a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion > N addition sự thêm vào production sản xuất conservation sự bảo tồn repetition sự lặp lại permission sự cho phép pollution sự ơ nhiễm b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ing/-al > N employment việc làm attendance sự có mặt difference sự khác nhau marriage sự kết hôn swimming việc bơi lội arrival sự đến c) V + -er/-or/-ant/-ee/ > N driver tài xế actor diễn viên nam accountant kế toán employee người làm thuê interviewee người được phỏng vấn applicant người xin việc d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess > N physicist nhà vật lý American người Mỹ librarian thủ thư actress nữ diễn viên musician nhạc sĩ scientist nhà khoa học e) Adj + -y/-ity/-ness/-ism/-dom/ -ship > N difficulty khó khăn responsibility trách nhiệm happiness sự hạnh phúc capitalism chủ nghĩa tư bản freedom sự tự do friendship tình bạn 3) THE + ADJ > NOUN the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak, the unemployed, the disabled, the dead, the young II- ĐỘNG TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V > V disagree khơng đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm redo làm lại overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn outweigh nặng hơn b) en- + N/V/Adj > V enable làm cho cĩ thể endanger gây nguy hiểm enrich làm giàu 2) Hậu tố: Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy > V industrialize Công nghiệp hóa widen làm rộng ra originate bắt nguồn beautify làm đẹp lighten làm nhẹ đi modernize hiện đại hóa Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
30. 30 III- TÍNH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj > Adj unlucky không may inexact không chính xác impossible không thể irregular không có qui tắc illogical không hợp lý dishonest không trung thực 2) Hậu tố: a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ > Adj daily hằng ngày childlike như con nít treeless không có cây selfish ích kỷ rainy có mưa peaceful hòa bình agricultural nông nghiệp scientific khoa học successful thành công b) V/N + -ive/-able/-ible > Adj attractive hấp dẫn acceptable có thể chấp nhận defensible có thể bảo vệ eatable có thể ăn được active năng động comprehensible có thể hiểu IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly > Adv Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách an tòan B- MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC NHẬN DIỆN LOẠI TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP: 1. a/ an/ the/ this/ that my/ her/ his / Mary’s + (adj)+N many/ some/ a lot of Ex: She is a beautiful girl. 2. danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, tuổi tác + (adj) Ex: This table is two meters long. He’s twenty years old. 3. V (MAKE, KEEP, FIND ) + O ADJ Ex: We should keep our room clean. 4. Linking verbs (be, become, feel, look, taste, sound, smell, seem, get, appear ) + ADJ Ex: It becomes hot today. 5. đại từ bất định (something, someone, anything, anybody, everything, nobody ) + ADJ Ex: Do you have anything important to tell me? 6. ADV + ADJ Ex: Your story is very interesting. 7. Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó. Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.) Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại. Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.) 8. Trạng từ thể cách bổ nghĩa cho động từ Ex: She drives carefully LƯU Ý: - fast (nhanh), early (sớm), late (trễ), hard (chăm chỉ) vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ. Ex: Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast. - Phân biệt: late (trễ) lately (gần đây) (= recently) hard (chăm chỉ) hardly (hầu như không) - Một số tính từ tận cùng –LY: friendly (thân thiện), lovely (dễ thương), lively (sống động), - Trạng từ tần suất đứng trước động từ thường, sau BE, trợ động từ và modals Ex: She doesn’t often go with him. He can seldom find time for reading. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
31. 31 Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. Your new dress makes you more ___. (beauty) 2. You should do these exercises ___. (quick) 3. The industrial ___ will lead to the country’s prosperity. (develop) 4. Some large cities have had measures to minimize air ___. (pollute) 5. I will come to the party because I accept the ___. (invite) 6. The ___ of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night. (die) 7. This company offered a lot of ___ jobs. (attract) 8. We often go to the theater at weekends for ___. (entertain) 9. He is a famous . (act) 10. You must the answer you choose. (dark) 11. We have a lot of . in learning English. (difficult) 12. I felt very when I was a member of our school team. (excite) 13. He speaks English (fluency) 14. We are very proud of our . (friend) 15. He does exercise every morning, so he is very . (health) 16. Her parents’ . makes her very sad. (ill) 17. News on TV is very (inform) 18. What is his ? (nation) 19. Everybody loves beauty. (nature) 20. It is cloudy and today. (rain) Multiple choice 1. He has been very interested in doing research on ___ since he was at high school. a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 2. You are old enough to take ___ for what you have done. a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible 3. Many Vietnamese people ___ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially 4. They had a ___ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage. a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize 5. She sent me a ___ letter thanking me for my invitation. a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness 6. As an ___, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency. a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative 7. He was the only ___ that was offered the job. a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying 8. Many people have objected to the use of animals in ___ experiments. a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically 9. ___ is increasing, which results from economic crisis. a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed 10. ___! I have heard of your success in the new project. a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations 11. A / an ___ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment 12. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ___. a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly 13. They are going to ___ the pool to 1.8 meter. a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
32. 32 14. The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a ___. a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization 15. The referee's ___ is the most important in any sport competition. a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider 16. Johnny used to be one of the most ___ athletes in my country. a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully 17. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many ___ volunteers. a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively 18. He was so ___ that he could not even say a word. a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously 19. I am really ___ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves. a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly 20. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in ___ activities. a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize 6.6. TagTag questionsquestions I. CÁCH THÀNH LẬP 1. Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có: chủ ngữ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng) và trợ động từ hay động từ đặc biệc. 2. Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể xác định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại. 3. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở thể phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form). Ex: STATEMENTS QUESTION-TAGS He is a good boy, isn’t he? The girl didn't come here yesterday, did she? They will go away, won't they? She hasn't left, has she? II. CHÚ Ý: a. Phần đuôi của “ I am” là “ aren’t I “ . Eg: I’m going to do it again, aren’t I? b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu): + Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời: Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi) + Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định Eg: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa) Don’t be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha) c. Phần đuôi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ” : là “shall we ?” Eg: Let’s go swimming, shall we? Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let us / Let me” là “will you” d. Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuôi: Eg : Everything will be all right, won’t it? No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi. Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn’t they? Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng thức xác định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định) Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
33. 33 Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it ? e. This/ That được thay thế là “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, will it? f. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”. Eg: Those are nice, aren’t they? g. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định. Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, does he? h. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng : You ‘d better → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : hadn’t you ? You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : wouldn’t you ? You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là : didn’t you ? III. Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi: Ý nghĩa của câu hỏi đuôi phụ thuộc vào ngữ điệu diễn đạt nó: - Nếu ta hạ giọng, có nghĩa là ta thực sự đặt câu hỏi cho người đối thoại và ta muốn người nghe đồng tình với mình - Nếu ta lên giọng câu hỏi đuôi thì ta muốn hỏi lại người nghe EXERCISE : Add tag questions to the following. 1/ They want to come, .? 2/ Elizabeth is a dentist, ? 3/ They won’t be here, ? 4/ That is your umbrella, .? 5/ There aren’t many people here yet, ? 6/ He has a bicycle, ? 7/ Peter would like to come with us to the party, ? 8/ Those aren’t Fred’s books, ? 9/ You have never been to Paris, ? 10/ Something is wrong with Jane today, ? 11/ Everyone can learn how to swim, ? 12/ Nobody cheated in the exam, ? 13/ Nothing went wrong while I was gone, ? 14/ I am invited, .? 15/ This bridge is not very safe, ? 16/ These sausages are delicious, .? 17/ You haven’t lived here long, ? 18/ The weather forecast wasn’t very good, . ? 19/ He’d better come to see me, ? 20/ You need to stay longer, ? 7.7. SubjectSubject andand verbverb AgreementAgreement Có nhiều nguyên tắc hòa hợp trong điểm ngữ pháp này, tuy nhiên chúng tôi chỉ chọn lựa một số nguyên tắc cơ bản và phổ biến nhất để các em học sinh dễ nắm bắt và vận dụng. A. Nguyên tắc chung: Chủ ngữ (S) Động từ (V) He, she, it và các danh từ số ít Động từ số ít You, we, they và các danh từ số nhiều Động từ số nhiều - Hình thức của động từ số ít: is/was/has/động từ có s hoặc es. - Hình thức của động từ số nhiều: are/were/have/động từ có hình thức giống như nguyên mẫu. B. Một số nguyên tắc hoà hợp cơ bản: 1. Chủ ngữ gồm hai hoặc nhiều phần nối với nhau bằng and V số nhiều Eg: My brother and sister live in Boston. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
34. 34 2. Chủ ngữ gồm 2 phần nối với nhau bằng either or, neither nor, not only but also V hòa hợp với phần gần nó nhất. Eg: Either Thursday or Friday is ok. 3. Chủ ngữ có thêm phần as well as, with, together with, along with V vẫn chỉ hòa hợp với phần S đầu tiên. Eg: George, together with his friends, is buying a race horse. 4. Chủ ngữ là cụm từ chỉ sự đo lường (được xem như là một tổng thể) V là số ít. Eg: Thirty pounds seems a reasonable price. 5. Nếu có 1 cụm từ hay mệnh đề theo sau một danh từ làm chủ ngữ V chỉ hòa hợp với danh từ đầu tiên. Eg: The house between the two bungalows is empty. The house they used to live in is now empty. 6. Chủ ngữ là 1 cụm từ hay 1 mệnh đề V số ít. Eg: Through the trees is the nearest way. Opening my presents was exciting. 7. Every of , one of, each of, one of + danh từ số nhiều V số ít. Eg: One of these letters is for you. 8. A (large) number of, the majority of, a lot of, some of + danh từ số nhiều V số nhiều. Eg: The majority of people have complained. * The number of V số ít 9. Each, every + danh từ số ít V số ít Eg: Each book and magazin is listed in the card catolog 10. None of, neither of, either of + danh từ số nhiều V số ít. Eg: None of the students has failed the test * Có thể dùng V số nhiều nhưng không trang trọng (informal English) 11. Đại từ bất định như Something, everything, nothing V số ít Eg: Someone was waiting at the door 12. Danh từ không đếm được V số ít. Eg: This water is not safe enough to drink. 13. Một số danh từ có hình thức số nhiều nhưng mang nghĩa số ít V số ít. Eg: Mathematics is one of my core subjects 14. There is/was + danh từ số ít. There are/were + danh từ số nhiều. Eg: There are twenty five students in my class There was an accident last night. 15. Một số danh từ có hình thức số ít nhưng mang nghĩa số nhiều V số nhiều. Eg: The police are investigating the crime. 16. The + tính từ làm chủ ngữ V số nhiều. Eg: The sick are well cared in the hospital Exercise 1: Circle the best answer. 1. One of ___ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table. a. my friend keep c. my friend keeps b. my friends keep d. my friends keeps 2. Every ___ love. a. man, woman and child needs c. man, woman and child need b. men, women and children needs d. men, women and children need 3. One of the girls who ___ in this office ___ my niece a. works / is c. work / is b. works / are d. work / are 4. Neither Lan nor her parents ___ the film. a. like b. likes c. is like d. are like 5. Each ___ the same as the day before. a. days was b. day was c. days were d. day were Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
35. 35 6. More men than ___ left handed. a. woman are b. woman is c. women are d. women is 7. Every one of the students ___ on time for class a. is b. are c. were d. have been 8. There ___ some money on the table. a. are b. were c. have been d. is 9. This information about taxes ___ helpful a. were b. have been c. is d. are 10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ___ fresh. a. looks b. smells c. are d. is 11. Writing ___ her happy a. letter makes b. letters makes c. letter make d. letters make 12. None of the money robbed from the banks last year ___ yet. a. has been found b. have been found c. has found d. have found 13. My father and mother ___ for the same company. a. works b. work c. is working d. has worked 14. The elderly ___ this kind of music, but the young ___. a. don’t like / does b. doesn’t like / does c. don’t like / do d. doesn’t like / do Exercise 2: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. The news about Mr Hogan (be) ___surprising. 2. Fifty minutes (be)___the maximum length of the time allowed for the exam. 3. Many people in the world (not have) ___enough food to eat. 4. The poor (need)___ help from the community. 5. Listening to loud music at rock concerts (cause)___ hearing loss in some teenagers these days. 6. There (be) ___a lot of sheep in the field. 7. Ten miles (be) ___ too far to walk. 8. Not only John but also his friends (want) ___ to buy this race horse. 9. A number of students (recently participate) ___ in intensive language programs abroad. 10. Sarah, along with 20 students, (plan) ___a party now. 11. The number of students who (withdraw) ___from class since the term began (be) ___quite high. 12. There (be) at least one window in every room. 13. A lot of students in my class (speak) ___ and (undrstand) ___ Spanish. 14. The trousers Lan’s bought (not, go) ___ best with her shirt. 15. The information she gave me (be not) ___valuable. 16. The number of days in a week (be) ___seven. 17. Either you or he (have) ___to do the task. 18. Two years without a job (be) ___too long to be. 19. Every girl and boy (be) ___required to have certain immunizations before enrolling in public school. 20. Neither of John’s parents (be)___ English. Exercise 3: Find the incorrect part A, B, C and D. 1. Each of the rooms have its own bathroom. A B C D 2. Everybody who have a fever must go home immediately A B C D 3. Twenty five dollars are all I can afford to pay for this recorder A B C D Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
36. 36 4. All of the windows in my house was broken in the earthquake. A B C D 5. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, are going to the party. A B C D 6. Living expenses in this country are high. A B C D 8.8. ResultResult clausesclauses * Dùng : so, so that, or such that. 1. SO: VÌ VẬY Ex: The lecture was boring and irrelevant, so some of the students began to fall asleep. 2. So + adjective + that Ex: Their dog was so fierce that no one dared to come near it. 3. So + adverb + that Ex: His speech went on so long that people began to fall asleep. Our neighbours play their radio so loudly that we can’t sleep . 4. So + adjective + a\an Noun + that Ex: A. It is so good a story that I’ll never forget it. B. He is so honest a man that he never tells lies 5. So + many\little\much\few + Noun +that Ex: A. There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening. B. He made so many mistakes that I’m really disappointed. C. He made so few mistakes that we are all surprised. D. She has so little patience that he can’t tolerate any noise. 6. Such + adjective + Noun + that Ex: A. They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house. B. They are such careful students that they rarely make mistakes. C. He writes with such great care that he rarely makes mistakes * Ngòai ra có thể dùng : Therefore, Thus, In consequence, Consequently, For this/that reason, * Trong một vài trường hợp có thể dùng : and as a result or with the result that. Ex: The lecture was boring, and as a result some of the students began to fall asleep. The lecture was boring, with the result that some of the students began to fall asleep * As a result có thể được sử dụng ở đầu câu. Ex: The lecture was boring. As a result, some of the students began to fall asleep. Exercises: I/Combine the sentences by using so that or such .that: 1. This tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup. . 2. It was an expensive car. We couldn’t afford to buy it. . 3. The car was very expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it. . 4. Tommy ate too much candy. He got a stomachache. . 5. The food was too hot. It burned my tongue. . 6. She made many mistakes. She failed the exam. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
37. 37 . 7.It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down. . 8. He walked very quickly. We couldn’t keep up with him. . 9.It was nice weather. We went to the zoo. . 10.The test was very easy. Everyone got a high score. . II/Choose the best answer: 1. There is ___noise that I can hear nothing A. so many B. such C. so much D. so 2 It was raining ___I couldn’t go outside,. A. because B. So hard that C. so that D. too hard that 3. My mouth is burning! This is ___ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. Very D. too 4. There are ___ planets in the universe that we can’t count them. A. so much B. such C. so many D. so 5. He was ___ tired that he slept all days. A. such B. too C. so D. very 6. They were ___busy studying ___ they couldn’t go to the restaurant with us. A. so – that B. such – that C. very – that D. too - that 7. The runners are ___exhausted that none of them finished the race. A. too B. such C. enough D. so 8. It was ___ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it. A. so B. such C. too D. very 9. It was ___ a boring speech that I fell asleep. A. such B. so C. much D. too 9.9. PhrasesPhrases andand clausesclauses ofof purposepurpose @ Phrases of Purpose : Main clause + to / so as to / in order to + Verb (bare infinitive) Ex: Sarah went to the computer lab to print out her research report. The company conducted a detailed survey in order to gauge its clients’ views. I went to see him so as to find out what had happened. *Dạng phủ định : Main clause + not to / so as not to / in order not to + Verb (bare infinitive) Ex: He turned off the lights before going out so as not to waste electricity. In order [ for + Object ]+ ( not ) to infinitive . ( Khác chủ ngữ ) Ex: The teacher uses a microphone in order for his students to hear his voice better. @ Clauses of Purpose : so that / lest Main clause + in order that + S + will / would + bare infinitive Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC can / could for fear that
38. 38 Ex: The schoolboys are in a hurry in order that they will not be late for school. Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new car. Exercises : I/ Combine the ideas using so that: 1. Rachel wanted to watch the news. She turned on the TV. → 2. Nancy is carrying extra courses every semester. She wants to graduate early. → 3. Ed took some change from his pocket. He wanted to buy a newspaper. → 4. I wanted to listen to the news while I was making dinner. I turned on the TV. → 5. I unplugged the phone. I didn’t want to be interrupted while I was working. → II/ Choose the best answer: 1. Peter studies hard ___pass the exam. A. less B. so that C. to D. in order that 2. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself ___its enemies cannot find it. A. so that B. because C. therefore D. due to 3. He felt ill, ___he went to bed early. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4. We decided to join the English speaking club ___ improve our English. A. so that B. so to C. in order D. to 5. She worked hard ___ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock. A. that B. for C. in order that D. so as to 6. He gave me his address ___me to visit. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 7. She got up early ___ miss the bus. A. in order that B. so that C. not to D. for 8. Mr. Thompson is learning Vietnamese ___ to read Kim Van Kieu. A. so that not B. so as to C. in order not to D. so as not to 9. They hurried ___ catch the train. A. to not B. as not to C. in order that not D. to 10. We learn English ___ we will have better communication with other people. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 10.10. WH-WH- questionsquestions Các câu hỏi với từ để hỏi cho phép người nói tìm thêm thông tin về chủ đề mình quan tâm. Các từ để hỏi theo thông tin muốn tìm có thể được liệt kê như sau: Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
39. 39 When? - Time => Hỏi thông tin về thời gian Where? - Place => Hỏi thông tin về nơi chốn Who? - Person => Hỏi thông tin về người Why? - Reason => Hỏi lý do How? - Manner => Hỏi cách thức, phương thức What? – Object / Idea / Action =>Hỏi về vật / ý kiến / hành động Các từ khác cũng có thể được sử dụng để hỏi các thông tin cụ thể: Which (one)? - Choice of alternatives => Hỏi thông tin về sự lựa chọn Whose? - Possession => Hỏi thông tin về sở hữu Whom? - Person (objective formal) => Hỏi về người (ở dạng tân ngữ) How much? - Price, amount (non-count) => Hỏi về giá cả, lượng (không đếm được) How many? - Quantity (count) => Hỏi về lượng (đếm được) How long? - Duration => Hỏi về thời gian How often? - Frequency => Hỏi về mức độ thường xuyên How far? - Distance => Hỏi về khoảng cách What kind (of)?- Description => Yêu cầu mô tả thông tin Exercises 1: Make questions with the underlined words/phrases 1. I received a letter from Lan last week. 2. Minh usually takes exercises after getting up. 3. I brush my teeth twice a day. 4. Nga has an appointment at 10.30 this morning. 5. She goes to bed at 9. p. m. 6. I began to study English 6 years ago. 7. They live in the city center. 8. I like ‘Tom and Jerry” because it’s very interesting. 9. Last night I went to disco with my friend. 10. She is worried about the next examination. 11. Music makes people different from all other animals. 12. They do their homework at night. 13. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. 14. I like the red blouse, not the blue one. 15. That is an English book. 16. She talked to him for an hour. 17. He studies piano at the university. 18. It’s 0916818099. 19. My father is a teacher. 20. I’m fine, thanks. Exercises 2: Choose the best answer a, b, c or d? 1. Do you know ___ language is spoken in Kenya? a. which b. who c. what d. how 2. ___ is your blood type? Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
40. 40 a. which b. who c. what d. how 3. ___ do you play tennis? For exercise. a. which b. who c. what d. how 4. ___ can I buy some milk? At the supermarket. a. which b. who c. where d. how 5. ___ much do you weigh? a. which b. who c. what d. how 6. ___ hat is this? It's my brother's. a. which b. whose c. what d. how 7. ___ can I park my car? Over there. a. where b. who c. what d. how 8. ___ tall are you? a. which b. who c. what d. how 9. ___ do you expect me to do? a. which b. who c. what d. how 10. ___ do you like your tea? I like it with cream and sugar. a. which b. who c. what d. how 11. ___ picture do you prefer, this one or that one? a. which b. who c. what d. how 12. ___ is that woman? - I think she is a teacher. a. which b. who c. when d. how 13. ___ book is this? It's mine. a. which b. who c. whose d. how 14. ___ do you usually eat lunch? At noon. a. which b. when c. what d. how 15. ___ you wash clothes every week? a. which b. who c. what d. how 16. ___ does your father work? At City Hall. a. where b. who c. what d. how 17. ___ usually gets up the earliest in your family? a. which b. who c. what d. how 18. ___ do you think of this hotel? It's pretty good. a. which b. why c. what d. how 19. ___ does your father work at that company? Because it's near our house. a. which b. who c. why d. which 20. ___ dances the best in your family? a. which b. who c. what d. how Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
41. 41 11.11. ReportedReported speechspeech Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ, để đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố là ngôi, thì của động từ và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn. a. Ngôi: - Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT (I, me, my, mine &We, us ,our(s)) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính - Đổi ngôi thứ HAI (you , your(s)) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính - Ngôi thứ BA( he, him, his, she, her(s), it(s), they, them, their(s) ) không đổi b. Thì và các trạng ngữ: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS ( S + was/were + V-ing) PRESENT PERFECT / PAST PAST PERFECT (S + had + P.P) SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (S + had + been + v-ing) Will / shall + bare inf Would / should + bare inf Must + bare inf Had to + bare inf Is / am/ are going to Was / were going to Can / May Could / Might This / these That / those Now Then Here There Ago Before The day after tomorrow In 2 days' time The day before yesterday 2 days before Today / tonight That day / that night Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last night / month / week / year The night / month / week / year before. I. Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh told / asked / begged / to inf S + warned / required / + O + requested not to inf Ex1: “Please give this book to him tomorrow”. I said to Lan → I told Lan to give that book to him the following day. Ex2: The teacher said “Nam, don’t put your leg on the chair.” → The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
42. 42 Câu đề nghị ai đó giúp làm việc gì 1 cách lịch sự: “ Would you mind + V-ing ?” Would Will Can + you (please) + bare inf ? Could S + asked / told + O + to inf Ex: “Could you please show me the way to the market ?” The stranger said to the boy. → The stranger told / asked the boy to show him / her the way to the market. II. Statements: Câu phát biểu: told + O S + + S + V said (to + O ) Ex1: Miss. Hoa said: “You should improve your English pronunciation, Lien” → Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation. Ex2: “ I did my homework yesterday” Minh said. → Minh said he had done his homework the day before. Ex3: "Linh is repairing your bike now” I said to Lan. → I told Lan (that) Linh was repairing her bike then. III. Questions: Câu hỏi 1. WH – questions: Ex: “ What are you doing now ?” I asked her. I asked her what she was doing then. 2. Yes – No questions: wanted to know question word + S + V ( WH-questions) S + wondered + asked + O if / whether + S +V (Yes - No questions) Ex: “Do you like classical music, Nam ?” Miss Hoa asked. → Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music. IV. Những trường hợp không thay đổi thì của động từ: a. Khi động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai Ex: She says to me: "I like classical music". → She tells me she likes classical music. b. Nếu câu trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 Ex: "If the weather were fine, we could go camping", Peter said. → Peter said if the weather were fine, they could go camping. c. Nếu trong câu trực tiếp có các trợ động từ: should, would, could, ought to, might, used to, had better Ex: "You should practice speaking English every day" the teacher said to Mai. → The teacher said that Mai should practice speaking English every day. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
43. 43 d. Thì quá khứ giả định (past subjunctive) vẫn giữ nguyên sau: (I) wish , would rather , It’s time Ex: She said “I wish I had a lot of books.” → She told me she wished she had a lot of books. e. Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 sự thật hiển nhiên, 1 chân lí Ex: She said " Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius." → She said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Tĩm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech) A/ Statements 1 * S + V1( said) + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) (Câu phát biểu) 2 * S + V1( told )+ O + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) B/ Commands 1* S+ V+ (not) + to infinitive (Câu mệnh lệnh) (promise, (dis)agree, refuse, threaten, hope, expect, want, ask, wish, need, dare, offer, plan, fail, swear, try, pretend, manage, intend, choose, fear, demand, seem, tend ) 2* S + V + O + (not) + to infinitive (ask, tell, order, beg, allow, remind, encourage, advise, invite, warn, wish, want, command, force, suspect, forbid, need, permit,urge, recommend ) 3* S + V +(prep) + Ving (suggest, deny, detest, delay, postpone, fancy, imagine, keep, risk, avoid, appreciate, admit, miss, practise, dislike, enjoy, save, hate, love, mind, mention, prefer, object to, look forward to, apologize for, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, worry about, confess to, approve of ) 4* S + V + O + prep + Ving (warn against, blame for, thank for, accuse of, congratulate on, discourage from, forgive for, prevent from, stop from, suspect of ) C1/ 1 * S + asked + (O) + wh- + clause (S+V) Wh-questions 2 * S + wondered + wh- + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + wh- + clause (S+V) C2/ 1 * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause (S+V) Yes-no questions 2 * S + wondered + if /whether + clause (S+V) 3 * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause (S+V) EXERCISES: I. (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS) Change these sentences into Reported Speech: 1. Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”. . 2. Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”. . 3. Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”. . 4. The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”. . Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
44. 44 5. Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”. . 6. Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”. . 7. The teacher said “We can collect old books for the poor students”. . 8. She said “He doesn’t buy this book”. . 9. The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”. . 10. Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”. . II. (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS) Change these questions into Reported Speech: 1. “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter . 2. “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan . 3. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam . 4. “Are there any oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom . 5. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend . 6. “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter . 7. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan . 8. She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?” . 9. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu . 10. “Are you reading now?” She asked Ba . III.(REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS) Change these questions into Reported Speech: 1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me . 2. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan . 3. Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?” . 4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter. . 5. Lien said to her teacher “What can we do to help him?” . 6. “How did you go to the airport?” His friend asked him . 7. “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien . Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
45. 45 8. Ba asked Tam “How often do you wash your clothes?” . 9. “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu . 10. “What are our children doing in the room ?”Mr. Nguyen asked his wife. . IV.(REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES) Change these sentences into Reported Speech: 1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.” . 2/ The teacher said to us : “Don’t make so much noise.” . 3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.” . 4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.” . 5/ She said to the boy : “Show me what you have in your hand.” . 6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.” . 7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.” . 8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.” . 9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.” . 10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.” . V.Choose the best option that best completes each sentence: 1/. Ba told me that he was leaving for the capital ___. A. tomorrow B. the following week C. tonight D. next Sunday 2/. They asked me how many children___ . A. I had B. had I C. I have D. have I 3/. Thu said she had been___ the day before. A. here B. there C. in this place D. where 4/. They told their parents that they___ their best to do the test. A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try 5/. She___ me whether I liked classical music or not. A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking 6/. He asked me who the editor of that book___ . A. was B. were C. is D. has been 7/. He wants to know whether I___ back tomorrow. A. come B. came C. will come D. would come 8/. I wonder why he___ love his family. A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t 9/ “I didn’t witness that accident.” A. He denied not having witnessed that accident.B. He denied having witnessed that accident. C. He denied not having witnessing that accident. D. He denied not had witnessed that accident. 10/ “Would you like to join our team?”, he said. A. He said to me would you like to join our team. B. He told me if I would like to join their team. Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC
46. 46 C. He invited me to join their team. D. He asked me if I would like to join our team 11/ “You cheated in the exam.” The teacher said to his students A. The teacher insisted his students on cheating in the exam. B. The teacher prevented his students from cheating in the exam. C. The teacher advised his students to cheat in the exam. D. The teacher accused his students of cheating in the exam. 12/ “Don’t touch that flower.” the old lady said to the boy. A. The old lady wanted the boy not to touching that flower. B. The old lady insisted the boy on touching that flower. C. The old lady warned the boy against touching that flower. D. The old lady congratulated the boy on touching that flower. 13/ “Let’s go on a walk holiday!” said Jane. A. Jane suggested going on a walking holiday. B. Jane wanted us to go on a walking holiday. C. Jane invited us to go on a walking holiday. D. Jane allowed us to go on a walking holiday. 14/ " Don't forget to give the book back to Mary," he said to me. A. He reminded me to give the book back to Mary. B. He reminded me to forget to give the book back to Mary. C. He advised me to give the book back to Mary. D. He advised me to forget to give the book back to Mary. 15/“If I were you, I would take the job”, said my friend. A. My friend was thinking about taking the job. B. My friend insisted on taking the job for me. C. My friend advised me to take the job. D. My friend introduced the idea of taking the job to me. 12.12. Enough/TooEnough/Too tototo infinfinf –– UsedUsed to/to/to/ BeBe (get)(get)(get) usedused tototo A. Structure: S + be + adj/adv + enough + (for + O) + to-infinitive Ex: a. He is tall enough to play volleyball. b. He drives carefully enough to be safe. c. The weather was fine enough for us to go on a picnic. Note: enough còn có vị trí khác là đứng trước danh từ Enough + Noun Ex: enough time, enough money TOO + Adj / Adv + (For someone) + TO + Infinitive (quá đến nỗi không ) EX - It is too late to go to the movies. - The lecture was too boring for us to listen to. - He spoke too fast for me to understand him. Cách biến đổi - Ta đổi: TOO + Adj/Adv Not + trái nghĩa của ADJ/ADV + Enough. - Chú ý một số tính từ trái nghĩa thường gặp: 1 Bad : Xấu ≠ Good, fine : Tốt, đẹp 2 Beautiful : Đẹp ≠ Ugly Xấu xí 3 Big : Bự, lớn ≠ Small Nhỏ 4 Bright,light : Sáng ≠ Dark : Tối 5 Busy : Bận rộn ≠ Free : Rảnh rỗi 6 Careful(ly) : Cẩn thận ≠ Careless(ly) : Bất cẩn 7 Cheap : Rẻ ≠ Expensive : Mắc, đắt tiền Tài liệu ôn tập thi CVC