Trọng tâm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh phổ thông - Chuyên đề: Conditional clauses (Câu điều kiện) - Trương Đăng Ái

Nội dung text: Trọng tâm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh phổ thông - Chuyên đề: Conditional clauses (Câu điều kiện) - Trương Đăng Ái

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
2. A. Khái niệm: Câu điều kiện dùng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc, mà sự việc đó chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần (hai mệnh đề): Mệnh đề nêu lên điều kiện (còn gọi là mệnh đề IF) là mệnh đề phụ hay mệnh đề điều kiện. Mệnh đề nêu lên kết quả là mệnh đề chính. Ví dụ: If it rains, I will stay at home. Phân tích ví dụ này sẽ có mệnh đề điều kiện: If it rains (nếu trời mưa) - mệnh đề chính: I will stay at home (tôi sẽ ở nhà). LOẠI CÔNG THỨC CÁCH SỬ DỤNG 0 If + S + V (s, es), S+ V (s, es)/ câu mệnh lệnh Điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, sự thật hiển nhiên 1 If + S + V (s, es), S + Will/ Can/ shall + V Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại ở tương Ví dụ: If the weather is nice, I will go lai swimming tomorrow. 2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại + V 3 If + S + Had + V (pp)/ Ved, S + would/ Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ could + have + V (pp)/ Ved Ví dụ: If I had studied the lessons, I could have answered the questions.
3. Lưu ý: Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chổ cho nhau được: nếu mệnh đề chính đứng trước thì giữa hai mệnh đề không cần dấu phẩy, ngược lại thì phải có dấu phẩy ở giữa. Ví dụ: You will pass the exam if you work hard. (Bạn sẽ vượt qua kỳ thi nếu bạn học tập chăm chỉ.) If you work hard, you will pass the exam. (Nếu bạn học tập chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ vượt qua kỳ thi.) I. Câu điều kiện loại 1: 1. Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại I: Câu điều kiện loại I còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai. 2. Cấu trúc – Công thức của câu điều kiện If clause Main clause If + S + V s (es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/ can't + VI) Hiểu cách khác trong câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn.
4. 3. Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra. Ví dụ: - If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. (Nếu tôi tìm được địa chỉ của cô ấy, tôi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cô ấy). → Đổi vị trí 2 mệnh đề quan hệ: I will send her an invitation if I find her address. - If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari. (Nếu John có nhiều tiền, anh ấy sẽ mua chiếc Ferrari) Các ví dụ khác cho câu điều kiện loại 1: - If Caroline and Sue prepare the salad, Phil will decorate the house. - If Sue cuts the onions for the salad, Caroline will peel the mushrooms. - Jane will hoover the sitting room if Aaron and Tim move the furniture. - If Bob tidies up the kitchen, Anita will clean the toilet. - Elaine will buy the drinks if somebody helps her carry the bottles.
5. II. Câu điều kiện loại 2: 1. Khái niệm: Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện trái với thực tế ở hiện tại 2. Công thức: If clause Main clause If + S + V-ed/ V2 S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn't/ (To be: were/ weren't) couldn't + V) Ví dụ:– Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở bàng thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở thì hiện tại (simple conditional). Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) là hình thức chia động từ giống hệt như thì quá khứ đơn, riêng động từ “to be” thì dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi. - If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) → Hiện tại tôi không có - If he had more time, he would learn karate. (Nếu anh có nhiều thời gian, anh sẽ học karate.) → Thời gian không có nhiều - She would spend a year in the USA if it were easier to get a green card. (Cô ấy sẽ dành một năm ở Mỹ nếu dễ dàng có được thẻ xanh). → Thực tế để lấy được thẻ xanh của Mỹ rất khó. - If I lived on a lonely island, I would run around naked all day. (Nếu tôi sống trên một hòn đảo cô đơn, tôi sẽ khỏa thân chạy quanh cả ngày.) → Thực tế bạn không có hòn đảo nào.
6. III. Câu điều kiện loại 3 1. Khái niệm về câu điều kiện loại 3: Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ. Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ. 2. Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3: If clause Main clause lf +S + had + P.P S + would / could / should + have + P.P Ví dụ: Trong câu điều kiện loại III, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ phân từ, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (perfect conditional). - If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals. (Nếu tiền đạo chạy nhanh hơn, họ sẽ ghi được nhiều bàn thắng hơn.) - If it had been a home game, our team would have won the match. (Nếu đó là trận đấu sân nhà, đội của chúng tôi sẽ thắng.) - If you had spoken English, she would have understood. (Nếu bạn nói tiếng Anh thì cô ấy đã hiểu) - If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier. ( nếu họ đã nghe lời tôi, chúng ta đã về nhà sớm hơn)
7. IV. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện: 1. Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên (Câu điều kiện loại 0) Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra. Cấu trúc: Tất cả động từ trong câu (mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề điều kiện) đều được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn. * => Khi muốn nhắn nhủ ai đó: Ví dụ: If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam (Nếu bạn gặp Nam, you hãy nhắn anh ấy rằng tôi đang ở Việt Nam nhé) * → Dùng khi muốn nhấn mạnh Ví dụ: If you have any trouble, please telephone me though 115 (Nếu bạn có bất kỳ rắc rối nào, xin hẫy gọi cho tôi qua số điện thoại 115) Nếu diễn tả thói quen, trong mệnh đề chính thường xuất hiện thêm: Ví dụ: - If water is frozen, it expands. (Nếu nước bị đông đặc nó nở ra.) - I usually walk to school if I have enough time. (Tôi thường đi bộ đến trường nếu tôi có thời gian.) - If you heat ice, it turns to water. (Nếu bạn làm nóng nước đá, nó sẽ chảy ra.) - If we are cold, we shiver. (Nếu bị lạnh, chúng ta sẽ run lên.)
8. 2. Câu điều kiện Hỗn hợp : Ngoài công thức áp dụng cho câu điều kiện loại 1, 2 3 thì trong tiếng Anh có nhiều cách khác nhau được dùng diễn tả điều kiện trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện với “If”. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là hỗn hợp của các loại câu điều kiện với nhau, ví dụ một số trường hợp được sử dụng trong giao tiếp và ngôn ngữ viết: - If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't be so tired now. (Nếu cô ấy không ở lại muộn vào đêm qua, bây giờ cô ấy sẽ không quá mệt mỏi) → Thường có trạng từ đi theo (loại 3+ loại 2: giả thiết trái ngược với quá khứ, nhưng kết quả thì trái ngược với hiện tại) - If I were you, I would have learned English earlier. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi đã học tiếng Anh sớm hơn) → (loại 2 + loại 3: giả thiết trái ngược với hiện tại nhưng kết quả trái ngược với quá khứ
9. 3. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo: Lưu ý: Trong tiếng Anh câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 thường được dùng ở dạng đảo. Dùng should, were, had đảo lên trước chủ ngữ (should là dùng trong điều kiện loại 1; were dùng trong loại 2; had dùng trong loại 3) Ví dụ: - Were I the president, I would build more hospitals. (Nếu tôi là tổng thống, tôi sẽ xây thêm nhiều bệnh viện hơn.) - Had I taken his advice, I would be rich now. (Nếu tôi nghe lời khuyên của anh ấy, bây giờ tôi đã giàu có. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Ví dụ: Should I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter = If I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Ví dụ: Were I you, I would buy this house = If I were you, I would buy this house. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Ví dụ: Had he driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened. = If he had driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened.
10. 4. Những trường hợp khác trong câu điều kiện: a. Unless = If not (Trừ phi, nếu không) Ví dụ: If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam = Unless you work hard, you can't pass the exam. b. Cụm Từ đồng nghĩa: Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case (trong trường hợp), even if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là ) có thể thay cho if trong câu điều kiện Ví dụ: Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then? c. Without: không có Ví dụ: Without water, life wouldn't exist = If there were no water, life wouldn't exist.
11. V. Một số biến thể khác của các cụm động từ trong các vế câu điều kiện được dùng phổ biến trong tiếng anh. 1. Câu điều loại I * Đối với trường hợp có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh trạng thái diễn ra/ hoàn thành của sự việc: Công thức: Ví du: - If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow. (Nếu chúng ta rời Hà Nội tới Huế hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ ở Huế vào ngày mai) - If you do your home work right now, you will have finished it in 2 hours' time. (Nếu bạn làm việc nhà ngay bây giờ, bạn sẽ hoàn thành nó trong 2 giờ) * Đối với trường hợp thể hiện sự đồng ý, cho phép, gợi ý Công thức: Ví dụ: If it stops raining, we can go out. (Nếu trời ngừng mưa, chúng tôi sẽ đi ra ngoài) * Đối với câu gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu nhưng nhấn mạnh về hành động Công thức: Ví dụ: - If you go to the library today, I would like to go with you. (Nếu bạn đi đến thư viện ngày hôm nay, tôi muốn đi với bạn.) - If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise. * Đối với câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính) Công thức: Ví dụ: - If you are hungry, go to a restaurant. (Nếu bạn đói, hãy đi đến nhà hàng.) - If you feel cold, don't open the door. (Nếu bạn cảm thấy lạnh, đừng mở cửa)
12. 2. Câu điều kiện loại 2 a. Mệnh đề chính (main clause): Ví dụ: If we left Hanoi for Hue this morning, we would be staying in Hue tomorrow. (Nếu chúng tôi rời Hà Nội vào Huế sáng nay, chúng tôi sẽ ở Huế vào ngày mai) Ví dụ: If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost. (Nếu thủ môn không bắt bóng, họ đã thua.) Ví dụ: If I were on holiday with him, I would/ might be touring Italy now. (Nếu tôi đi nghỉ cùng anh ấy, tôi sẽ / có thể đi lưu diễn tại Ý bây giờ.) If dùng như có thể kết hợp với động từ ở trong mệnh đề chính và không thực sự là một câu điều kiện. Ví dụ: If you knew her troubles, why didn't you tell me? . (nếu bạn biết rắc rối của cô ấy, tại sao bạn không nói cho tôi) b. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause): Ví dụ: If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better. (Nếu bây giờ chúng ta học tiếng Anh ở London, chúng ta có thể nói tiếng Anh tốt hơn.) Ví dụ: If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now. (Nếu bạn đã lấy lời khuyên của tôi, bây giờ bạn sẽ là một triệu phú)
13. 3. Câu điều kiện loại 3 a. Mệnh đề chính (main clause): Ví dụ: If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. (Nếu chúng tôi đã tìm thấy anh ta trước đó, chúng tôi có thể đã cứu sống anh ta.) Ví dụ: If you had left HungYen for Thanh Hoa last Saturday, you would have been swimming in SamSon last Sunday. (Nếu bạn rời Hưng tới Thanh Hoá và chủ nhật tuần trước, có thể bạn sẽ bơi ở biển Sầm Sownv à chủ nhật tuần trước) Ví dụ: If she had followed my advice, she would be richer now. (Nếu cô ấy đã làm theo lời khuyên của tôi, bây giờ cô ấy sẽ giàu hơn.) b. Mệnh đề phụ (if-clause): Ví dụ: If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry (Nếu trời không mưa suốt cả tuần, tôi đã hoàn thành xong việc giặt quần áo)
14. Bài tập ứng dụng 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. If I see him, I (give) him a gift. 2. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself. 3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you. 4. You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly. 5. If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you. 6. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat. 7. If he worked more slowly, he (not make) so many mistakes. 8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I (be) you. 9. If I (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight. 10. A lot of people (be) out of work if the factory closed down. 11. I (have) plenty of money now if I (not/ spend) so much yesterday. 12. If someone (give) you a boat, what you (do) ? 13. If you (press) CTRL + S, you (save) the file. 14. The children (be) happy if he (teach) them English. 15. If she (buy) a new hard disk, she (not/ lose) all data.
15. Bài tập ứng dụng 2: Bài tập chuyển sang câu điều kiện: 1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up. → If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up. 2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson. → If . 3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up. → If . 4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you. → If . 5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map. → If . 6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes. → If . 7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died. → If . 8. He lost his job because he was late every day. → If . 9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips. → If . 10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes. → If .
16. Bài tập ứng dụng 3: Chọn đáp án đúng 1. I would have visited you before if there ___ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you ___ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be 3. If I ___, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 4. If ___ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did 5. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It ___ better if you ___ to her. A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we ___ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ___ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he ___ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
17. 11. If I ___ her phone number, I ___ her last night A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone 12. If he ___ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 13. If you press that button what ___? A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 14. She says if she ___ that the traffic lights were red she ___. A. had realized/ would stop B. realized/ could have stopped C. has realized/ stopped D. had realized/ would have stopped 15. I am very thin. I think, if I ___ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I ___ that yesterday, I ___ them. A. had discovered/ would inform B. had discovered/ would have informed\ C. had discovered/ could inform D. discovered/ can inform 17. If you ___ to the course regularly, they ___ a certificate last year. A. go/ gave B. go/ give C. had gone/ would have given D. went/ would give 18. I think he is not at home. If he ___ in, he ___ the phone. A. was/ answered B. were/ would answer C. were/ would have answered D. had been/ would have answered 19. If I ___ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
18. 20. If Columbus ___ money from Queen Isabella, he ___ across the Atlantic. A. do not receive/ could not sail B. had not received/ might not have sailed C. did not receive/ might not have sailed D. would not receive/ might not sail 21. If she the lottery last year, She rich now. A. have won/ would be B. had won/ would be C.won/ would be D. wins/ will be 22. If I the homework last night, I bonus today. A. had done/ would get B. had done/ would have got C. done/ would get D. does/ will get 23. If we had played this game yesterday, we a lot of money now. A. will have B. may have C. would have had D. would have 24. If it last night, it would be cold today. A. had rained B. rained C. have rained D. was raining 25. If she to me, she in trouble right now. A. had listened/ would be B. had listened/ would have be C. had listened/ would not be D. A & B 26. If it had rained one hour ago, the streets wet now. A. would have be B. will be C. be D. would be 27. If I . to the beach yesterday, I would be tired today. A. have gone B. goes C. had gone D. A & B 28. If they had gone to school yesterday, they to the museum now A. would go B. will go C. could go D. A&C 29. If he had done exercise last night, he soccer right now. A. will play B. can play C. plays D. could play.
19. 30. If Nina had not gone out last week, she die now. A. will B. would C. could D. B&C Bài tập ứng dụng 5: Điền vào chỗ trống 1. If you take my advice, you (be) happy. 2. What would you do if you (be) me? 3. If you (lend) me some books I will give them back in two weeks. 4. I (send) her a letter if I had found her address. 5. She (not/ steal) the bread if she hadn't been hungry. 6. If she (come) here I will tell her about the film. 7. I will be unhappy if you (leave) me. 8. If you hadn't been so crazy you (not/ buy) this expensive house. 9. If the sun (shine) I will go to the beach. 10. If I (win) the lottery I would leave my country. 11. we (have) enough time if we wanted to see the castle? 12. In case you (buy) a car, will you teach me to drive? 13. If I (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes. 14. She won't finish it on time if she (not start) right now. 15. She (get angry) if you had told her. 16. On condition that they (support) our product, they would get a discount. 17. Even if I (ask) him, he won't come. 18. Had I driven slowly, I (not crash) 19. It will be a disaster unless they (help) us.
20. 20. If you (have) something to eat, you wouldn't have felt sick. 21. I wouldn't risk it if I (be) you. 22. She would get fat if she (not stop) eating. 23. The chicken wasn't good. It (taste) better if you had put some spices on it. Bài tập ứng dụng 6: Điền dạng đúng của động từ 1. If she (work) hard, she (pass) the exam. 2. If I (come) soon, I (phone) you. 3. She (feel) sad if you (not, give) her a gift. 4. If Peter (go) to work late again, he (be) sacked. 5. No one (know) the truth if you (not, reveal) 6. If the boy (eat) that apple, he (be) ill. 7. If you (not, hurry), you (miss) the bus. 8. Tell him about this story if you (see) him. 9. If you (have) a day off where you (go)? 10. If he (cook) the meal himself, help him. 11. If few people (come) to the meeting, please postpone to the other day. 12. If it (not, be) warm this afternoon, we (put off) the game. 13. Your father (pick) you up if you (come) back late. 14. What you (speak) if you (meet) a foreigner. 15. Unless he (answer) all my questions, I (not, help) him.
21. Bài tập ứng dụng 7: Viết lại câu 1. Turn off all the lights and you will not pay more money. → If . 2. Unless she wears warm clothes, she will have a cold. → If . 3. Be careful or you may have an accident. → If . 4. phone your parents or you have a trouble. → If . 5. Unless she whispers, everyone knows what she is saying. → If . 6. Stay here and you will feel save. → If . 7. Pay electricity bill today or your electricity will be cut off. → If . 8. Stop smoking otherwise your cough may be worse. → If . 9. Unless we use less fossil fuel, they will be run out soon. → If . 10. Unless it stops raining today, we may be faced with a serious flood. → If .
22. 11. Do morning exercises regularly, your body will be fitter. → If . 12. Unless we renew energy, we will have nothing for the future generation. → If . 13. The climate will change unless we reduce the use of non-renewable energy. → If . 14. Lock all the doors and noone can break into your house. → If . 15. Unless we continue hunting polar bears, they will become extinct in near future. → If . Bài tập ứng dụng 8: Chuyển các câu sau sang đảo ngữ 1. If it is warm tomorrow, we will have a picnic. → Should 2. If your cold becomes worse, you must see the doctor. → Should 3. Take part in the English club and your speaking skill will be improved. → Should 4. Keep your feet dry or you will have a cold. → Should 5. If you want to go out tonight, make up your room. → Should
23. 6. I'll be very angry if he makes more mistakes. → Should 7. If you leave your house unlocked, It will be broken into. → Should 8. If she forgets her book, she can share with me. → Should 9. Turn down the radio or you will wake the baby up. → Should 10. If you are asked to sing an english song, what will you do? → Should 11. Will you phone the police first if someone breaks into your house? → Should 12. If he asks to bring hot water, tell him to wait for five mInutes. → Should
24. Bài tập ứng dụng 9: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses 1/ If I (have) ___ a typewriter, I could type it myself. 2/ If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) ___ you. 3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ___ class regularly. 4/ If I (know) ___ his telephone number, I would give it to you. 5/ If you (arrive) ___ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat. 6/ If he (study) ___ harder, he can pass an exam. 7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ___. 8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ___ him. 9/ If you (speak) ___ more slowly,he might have understood you. 10/ What (you do) ___ if you got fat? 11/ If you are kind to me, I (be) ___ good to you. 12/ He (come) ___ if you waited. 13/ If you (ring) ___ the bell, the servant would come. 14/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___ him. 15/ If it (not, rain) ___ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow. 16/ If today (be) ___ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work. 17/ If she had had your address, she (write) ___ to you. 18/ We lost the match. If you (play) ___ for us, we (win) ___ . 19/ They would not be paid unless they (do) ___ their work well. 20. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) ___ plenty of time.
25. 21. If you (find) ___ a skeleton in the cellar, don't mention it to anyone. 22. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) ___ the animals 23. If you pass your examination, we (have) ___a celebration. 24. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) ___ for it in the fridge. 25. What (happen) ___if I press this button? 26. The door will be unlocked if you (press)___ the green button. 27. I should have voted for her if I (have) ___ a vote then. 28. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) ___? 29. If you (swim) ___ in this lake, you'll shiver from cold. 30. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) ___? 31. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) ___thick. 32. If the milkman (come) ___, tell him to leave two pints. 33. I (call) ___ the office if I were you. 34. Someone (sit) ___on your glasses if you leave them there. 35. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) ___so much. 36. What I (do) ___if I hear the burglar alarm? 37. If you (read) ___the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question. 38. If Mel (ask) ___ her teacher, he'd have answered her questions. 39. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) ___a long ladder. 40. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) ___mad.
26. 41. If you were made redundant, what you (do) ___? 42. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) ___out of petrol here. 43. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) ___ fit to drink. 44. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) ___ you. 45. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) ___with me. 46. You (not have) ___ so many accidents if you drove more slowly. 47. If you (wear) ___ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you. 48. If she (leave) ___ the fish here, the cat will eat it. 49. You (have) ___ no trouble at school if you had done your homework. 50. Unless you (tell) ___ the truth, I won't help you. 51. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) ___ your wet clothes. 52. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) ___ it. 53. If they (hang) ___ that picture lower, people would be able to see it. 54. She (be) ___able to walk faster if she didn't have such high-heel shoes. 55. I (bring) ___ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty. 56. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) ___ electrocuted. 57. If the story hadn't been true, the newspaper (not print) ___ it. 58. I (not buy) ___ things on the installment system if I were you. 59. Dan (arrive) ___ safe if he drove slowly.
27. Bài tập ứng dụng 10: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống 1. If I ___the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have. A. have B. would have C. had had D. should have 2. I ___you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital. A. would have visited B. visited C. had visited D. visit 3. ___more help, I would call my neighbor. A. needed B. should I need C. I have needed D. I should need 4. ___then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A. had I known B. did I know C. If I know D. If I would know 5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people ___the same language? A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak 6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, ___this incident again. A. I will never mention B. I never mention C. will I never mention D. I don't mention 7. If I had known you were asleep, I ___so much noise when I came in. A. didn't make B. wouldn't have made C. won't make D. don't make 8. Unless you ___all of my questions, I can't do anything to help you. A. answered B. answer C. would answer D. are answering 9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ___it. A. would have never believed B. don't believe C. hadn't believed D. can't believe
28. 10. If Jake ___to go on the trip, would you have gone? A. doesn't agree B. didn't agree C. hadn't agreed D. wouldn't agree 11. J: "John went to the hospital alone" K: "If ___, I would have gone with him". A. had he told me B. he had told me C. he has told me D. he would tell me 12. If you ___, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn't want to bother you. A. had studied B. studied C. hadn't studied D. didn't study 13. Peter: "Did you need help with your Math last night?". Mary: "If I had needed, I ___you". A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call 14. If someone ___ in to the store, smile and say, "May I help you?" A. comes B. came C. come D. should come 15. "Here's my phone number". "Thanks. I'll give you a call if I ___some help tomorrow" A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed 16. If I didn't work for an accounting firm, I ___in a bank now. A. work B. will work C. have worked D. would work 17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions ___improved. A. was B. is C. were D. had been 18. The education in Japan ___if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration. A. would go down B. would have gone down C. went down D. had gone down
29. 19. If there ___, the rice fields could have been more productive. A. had been enough water B. were enough water C. would be enough water D. are enough water 20. The patient will not recover unless he ___ an operation. A. had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was undergoing 21. If she ___ him, she would be very happy. A. would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet 22. If he ___ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post. A. had had B. had C. has D. has had 23. If I had enough money, I___ abroad to improve my English. A. will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to 24. The bench would collapse if they ___on it. A. stood B. stand C. standing D. stands 25. If it ___convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight, A. be B. is C. was D. were 26. If I ___ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead. A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed 27. We’ll have to go without John if he ___ soon. A. won't arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn't arrive 28. If you ___ your homework, I ___ you watch TV. A. won't do/ let B. did/ won't let C. don't do/ won't let D. won't do/ don't let 29. If you ___ this switch, the computer ___ on. A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes
30. 30. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ___ cake, I ___ fat." A. eat/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/ could get D. am eating/ will get 31. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It___ much worse if she hadn't been wearing her seat belt. A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were 32. “My boss made me work overtime again."_ “if I ___ you, I ___ my job." A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit 33 “I don't know whether to take that job or not”_“___ you, I ___ it. " A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take C. if I were/would have taken D. I were/ would take 34. If you ___ me about the bad service, we'd have eaten there. A. didn't tell B. wouldn't have told C. hadn't told D. had told 35. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she ___ absent again tomorrow, class___ tomorrow, too. A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel 36. If he ___ me, I'll be ready to help him. A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask 37. When winter comes, I ___ a new coat. A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys 38. What would Tom do if he ___ the truth? A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew
31. 39. If I ___ you, I wouldn't do that. A. be B. were C. was D. had been 40. If I had been absent from class yesterday, I___ the math test A. would missed B. would have missed C. will miss D. miss 41. If I ___ a millionaire, I ___ a Civic Honda. A. am/ will buy B. was/ would buy C. was/ would have bought D. were/ would buy 42. “ Here is my phone number”- “thanks, I ___ you a call if I ___ some help." A. will give/ will need B. would give/ needed C. will give/ need D. give/ need 43. If I ___ wings, I ___ take an airplane to fly home. A. have/ won't have to B. had/ wouldn't have to C. have/ will have to D. had/ didn't have to 44. I think you should stop smoking. A. if I am you, I will stop smoking. B. if I were you, I will stop smoking. C. if I were you, I would stop smoking. D. if I had been you, I would stop smoking. 45. We did not visit the museum because we had no time. A. If we have time, we will visit the museum. B. If we had time, we would visit the museum. C. If we had had time, we would have visited the museum. D. If we had had time, we will visit the museum.