Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Prepositions - Đỗ Bình

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Prepositions - Đỗ Bình

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 BÀI 6. PREPOSITIONS - GIỚI TỪ I. Introductions: Learners of English usually find it hard to remember and confidently use prepositions as they have two main following problems to solve when dealing with prepositions: - whether in any construction a preposition is required or not - which preposition to use when one is required Students often have trouble because a certain construction in their mother tongue requires a preposition, whereas a similar one in English does not. In English, prepositions are words normally placed before nouns or pronouns or gerunds, and are used to form adverbial phrases of time, place, reason, result, concession, condition, etc. Người học tiếng Anh thường gặp khó khan để ghi nhớ và sử dụng thành thạo các giới từ trong tiếng Anh vì họ thường xuyên phải phân vân; -ở trường hợp nào thì một giới từ được đòi hỏi, - trong một trường hợp cần giới từ thì ta phải dùng giới từ cụ thể nào. Người học gặp rắc rối khi dùng giới từ cũng là bởi có sự khác biệt giữa ngôn ngữ bản xứ của họ với tiếng Anh trong các trường hợp sử dụng giới từ. Trong tiếng Anh, giới từ là những từ đi trước các danh từ, đại từ, danh động từ, và dùng để cấu tạo các cụm trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn, nguyên nhân,kết quả, sự nhượng bộ, điều kiện, Trên thực tế, trong tiếng Anh, chức năng của các giới từ thay đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh của lời nói, một giới từ sẽ có nhiều nghĩa khác nhau, chức năng khác nhau khi được đặt trong các cụm từ khác nhau. Trong cuốn tài liệu này giới từ chỉ được giới thiệu với mục đích ôn tập cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia. II. The use of some prepositions: Cách sử dụng của một số giới từ 1. Prepositions of time: Giới từ chỉ thời gian * at: dùng cho các thời điểm trong ngày, một kì nghỉ e.g. at five at eleven at night at noon at Christmas at dawn * in/ during/ for: dùng cho khoảng thời gian e.g. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in the past/ future during the 19th century during the war for ten days for a week * on: dùng cho các ngày, thứ e.g. on Sunday on Monday night on Semtember 5th, 2015 * by/ before/ after/ since/ until: dùng như sau e.g. by this time tomorrow by noon before 9.00 before the deadline after work after midnight since dawn since last Tuesday until lunch-time until 1980 2. Prepositions of place and movement: Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn và sự vận động * in: dùng cho các địa điểm e.g. The radio is in the living-room. He lives in the center of the city. * on: dùng để chỉ ở trên bề mặt e.g. The toys are on the floor. The map is on the wall. * at: dùng để chỉ ở gần hay hiện diện ở đâu đó e.g. She is at the station now. Lan is at the hairdresser’s. * into: dùng cho sự hướng vào trong e.g. He went into the living-room. He walked into the theatre. * onto: dùng cho sự hướng lên trên bề mặt e.g. The cat jumped onto the table. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1/ PREPOSITIONS
2. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 * out of: dùng cho sự hướng ra ngoài e.g. The man jumped out of the car. * off: dùng chỉ sự hướng ra ngoài e.g. He knocked the glass off the table * above/ over: dùng chỉ sự hướng lên trên e.g. The ceiling is above our heads. The helicopter was flying over the buildings. * below/ under: dùng chỉ sự hướng xuống dưới e.g. Do the tasks below the passage. She hid her hat under the table. * through: qua, suốt, xuyên suốt e.g. Through the investigation, the police came to a conclusion. We kept in touch through time. * along: dọc theo e.g. The lovers walked along the river. They went along the street to find my flat. * beside/ by/ next to/ near: gần e.g. He sat beside the dustbin. They live next to the store. She sat by the window. Ha lived near the church. * between: giữa e.g. The T.V set was between the table and the bed. * opposite: đối diện e.g. Lan’s house is opposite the bank. The bank is opposite the bookstore. * in front of: đằng trước của e.g. The theatre was in front of the bank. The stadium is in front of the bookstore. * to/ towards: hướng về phía e.g. To the left of the house, there’s a well. To the right of the house, there’s a garage. We walked towards the end of the road. 3. Prepositions that go with verbs, nouns, and adjectives: Giới từ đi với động từ, danh từ, tính từ. Phần kiến thức này sẽ được trình bày kĩ ở bài Gerunds (danh động từ). * Verbs – prepositions: Giới từ đi với động từ e.g. He looked at his nephew. She talked to a stranger. He insisted on going out. * Nouns – prepositions: Giới từ đi với danh từ e.g. He put a lot into his bank account. She had a choice of studying abroad. He had difficulty in persuading his fiancé. * Adjectives – prepositions: Giới từ đi với tính từ e.g. He was surprised at what I said to him. She was afraid of talking with a stranger. He was keen on playing video games. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps. 1. We give each other presents___ Christmas. 2. Don’t sit___ the floor. 3. I’m going away___ the end of January. 4. I met Tom___ the street yesterday. 5. They sent me a cheque___ $ 50. 6. There has been some decrease___ military spending this year. 7. Nobody knows what the cause___ the explosion was. 8. Do you think we’ll find a solution___ this problem? 9. Have you ever read any books___ Mark Twain? 10. It’s unreasonable___ you to expect her to love you at first sight. 11. They were furious___ me___ not inviting them to the party. 12. Were you disappointed___ your examination results? 13. Everybody was shocked___ the news. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2/ PREPOSITIONS
3. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 14. She is scared___ going out alone. 15. I’m not ashamed___ what I did. Exercise 2: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps. 1. My sister won’t have dinner___ 11.30 p.m. 2. She is engaged___ an American. 3. Who was responsible___ all the noise last night? 4. Your writing is similar___ mine. 5. Ann wasn’t keen___ going out in the rain. 6. The city centre was crowded___ tourists. 7. I always try my best to get along___ other officers. 8. Why don’t you apply___ a position in that company? 9. He is very selfish. He doesn’t care___ other people. 10. Don’t look out of the window. Concentrate___ your work! 11. He lost control of the car and crashed___ a wall. 12. He was the sort of person that you could depend___. 13. Did you hear___ the fight in the club on Saturday night? 14. She’s very old. She needs someone to look___ her. 15. He often dreams___ travelling to America. Exercise 3: In the following sentences, supply the suitable preposition to each of the gaps. 1. I didn’t have enough money to pay___ the meal. 2. He has suffered___ lung cancer for ages. 3. He shouted___ from the other side of the street. 4. The police are searching___ the escaped prisoner. 5. That’s a good idea. Why didn’t I think___ that? 6. How much did you have to pay___ the meal? 7. Do you always go___ school___ foot? 8. My office is next___ newsagent so I buy magazines almost every day. 9. Children don’t want to be___ door, they want to stay in to watch T.V. 10. ___ no doubt, whales are the biggest mammal on Earth. 11. The firefighters have been___ strike for more than three days. 12. When I saw him, I was___ a group of friends___ the corner of the club. 13. I have got an appointment___ the optician’s. 14. In the end, they fell___ love and lived happily ever after. 15. During the show, a crazy fan jumped___ the stage and kissed the singer. Exercise 4: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. Many people are not interested___ reading books as much as seeing films. A. in B. with C. for D. about 2. We spend more time watching TV than reading books. But___ fact. TV has not kill reading. A. for B. upon C. at D. in 3. Books are a wonderful source ___ knowledge and pleasure. A. with B. of C. in D. about 4. Although he hadn't spoken French for many years, he picked it___ again after a few weeks. A. over B. on C. through D. up 5. ___ the start of each period, both teams line up on their own goal line. A. In B. For C. From D. At Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3/ PREPOSITIONS
4. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 6. Helen is very excited___ going to work in Germany. A. about B. for C. with D. to 7. A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float___ the water. A. upon B. over C. above D. on 8. There are six field player positions and a goalkeeper___ each team. A. on B. with C. from D. for 9. Pay more attention___ picture and you can find out who is the robber. A. to B. for C. at D. on 10. She looked___ me, smiling happily and confidently. A. on B. over C. forward to D. at 11. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species___ extinction. A. from B. in C. for D. on 12. They said that the blue cheese was very tasty, but the smell put me___. A. of B. in C. to D. off 13. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized ___ a serious threat___ extinction. A. as/ of B. to/ for C. over/ with D. upon/ at 14. ___ entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him. A. With B. On C. At D. During 15. Clearing forests for timber has resulted___ the loss of biodiversity. A. with B. at C. in D. for 16. Once you have started something, you ought to see it___ to the end. A. to B. through C. for D. in 17. Which subject is this book ___? A. for B. on C. of D. up 18. We are___ no obligation to change goods which were not purchased here. A. to B. with C. at D. under 19. Francis Bacon lived___ about the same time as Shakespeare. A. at B. for C. in D. over 20. Nothing___ the ordinary ever happens here. A. about B. out of C. from D. within Exercise 5: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. People enjoy a book___ different ways. A. on B. with C. upon D. in 2. ___ the time you get to the theater, the play will have finished A. Until B. In C. By D. on 3. The meeting has been brought___ to Monday due to the seriousness of the situation. A. on B. out C. down D. forward 4. It is important___ students to read as many books as possible. A. up B. about C. to D. for 5. She is traveling to Germany tomorrow on her first working trip and she is very excited ___ it. A. for B. against C. about D. with 6. Do you feel I was too friendly___ the applicants. A. with B. at C. on D. across 7. Who does the book belong___? A. for B. to C. on D. through 8. I finished my homework a few days ahead___ the deadline. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4/ PREPOSITIONS
5. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 A. of B. to C. by D. at 9. He picked___ the book and turned page after page. A. up B. on C. away D. in 10. Some people never set___ to become rich and famous. A. up B. out C. off D. across 11. ___ defense, the players work to regain possession of the ball and prevent a goal. A. About B. Over C. Without D. On 12. Players can move the ball by throwing it___ a teammate or swimming while pushing the ball in front of them. A. for B. into C. to D. from 13. It was really kind___ you to help those poor people. A. by B. of C. at D. to 14. Shots usually succeed when the goalie is out___ position. A. into B. for C. of D. off 15. That afternoon Joe Cole was the most popular player___ the field. A. on B with C. among D. for 16. If you have ever watched television, you have seen plenty___ drug ads. A. with B. of C. for D. about 17. He turned ___ the offer of a new job and stayed with his present employer. A. up B. down C. out D. off 18. The space shuttle crashed and went___ in flames. A. of B. for C. over D. off 19. Hoi An is famous___ its old streets. A. for B. of C. to D. about 20. Elevators in tall building make the top floors accessible___ everybody. A. to B. with C. about D. at Exercise 6: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. The Context___ which you learn something can affect how well you remember it. A. of B. for C. to D. in 2. While I am waiting___ my bus, I often listen___ music. A. on/ at B. for/ to C. toward/ about D. upon/ in 3. A very nice painting is hung___ the wall in our classroom. A. on B. over C. at D. above 4. Those space-crafts are used___ taking photographs___ space. A. about/ through B. for/ in C. of/ at D. in/ off 5. I believe that judges should be independent ___ the government. A. to B. from C. with D. on 6. Will you take care ___ my little dog when I am ___ business? A. through/ away B. about/ at C. for/ over D. of/ on 7. You can learn to move information from your short-term memory___ your long-term memory. A. by B. with C. in D. to 8. According___ Bill, there's something wrong___ my computer. A. after/ for B. on/ about C. to/ with D. upon/ at 9. - Jenny: “John got married again.” - Tommy: “Really? Who___?” A. with B. at C. to D. about 10. He depends___ his sister___ assistance. A. to/ from B. from/ in C. on/ for D. at/ with Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5/ PREPOSITIONS
6. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 11. What kind of sport one chooses to play mostly depends___ his preference and health. A. with B. for C. in D. on 12. Too many factories dispose___ their waste by pumping it into rivers and the sea. A. out B. of C. away D. off 13. Most referees often wears___ black. A. in B. for C. with D. on 14. In water polo game, only the goalie can hold the ball___ two hands. A. at B. in C. with D. from 15. Don't count your chickens___ they are hatched." A. after B. since C. while D. before 16. Probability of extinction depends___ both the population size and fine details of the population demography. A. on B. in C. from D. for 17. Many modern medicines are derived___ plants and animals. A. on B. for C. from D. in 18. Traveling to Paris___ air is quicker than driving. A. by B. on C. over D. through 19. 15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ___ risk___ extinction. A. at / of B. on / in C. for / with D. in / at 20. Contamination and global warming have driven many species of animals and plants ___ the threat of extinction. A. for B. to C. with D. on Exercise 7: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. Drivers should slow___ on this road because it is slippery after rains. A. on B. down C. up D. to 2. Pollution has bad effect___ our life. A. of B. to C. with D. on 3. Before you light___ a cigarette, remember to ask for permission. A. up B. down C. on D. off 4. It’s very kind___ you to offer us a lovely dinner. A. of B. from C. for D. to 5. The woman was pale and weak because___ the lack___ fresh air. A. for/ on B. on/ for C. of/ of D. of/ for 7. I’m not good___ English. I think I should spend more time___ it. A. in/ at B. at/ on C. at/ in D. on/ at 8. An umbrella is what I need now, it’s raining. I’ll give it___ tomorrow. A. up B. away C. back D. over 9. I couldn’t find any place to go___ holiday. A. at B. for C. up D. on 10 I’m fed___ doing the same work every day. A. out of B. forward to C. on to D. up with 11. Have you ever thought___ giving up smoking? A. over B. of C. on D. at 12. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you should look it___ in the dictionary. A. out B. in C. up D. on 13. She has tried___ several shoes but she can’t find suitable ones. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 6/ PREPOSITIONS
7. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 A. at B. in C. out D. on 14. The party begin at 7 o’clock and I’ll pick you___ at 6:30. A. on B. up C. away D. of 15. I come___ an ancient city, sometimes referred___ as the Athens of the North. A. on/ as B. up/ to C. over/ to D. from/ to 16. The house is___ fire. Please call___ help! A. at/ to B. for/ at C. on/ for D. up/ for 17. An apple stand___ the New York State. A. for B. on C. up D. at 18. She keeps___ complaining___ the weather. A. in/ of B. on/ about C. out/ about D. on/ in 19. Some pessimistic persons think that the world’s resources will run___ in some day. A. off B. of C. out D. on 20. Let’s get acquainted___ the newcomer. A. to B. of C. with D. about Exercise 8: Choose the best answer among the A, B, C, or D provided to finish each of the incomplete sentences below. 1. We don’t have time to think it___. A. on B. up C. out D. over 2. I object___ being kept waiting. Why can’t you be___ time? A. at/ in B. for/ in C. to/ on D. at/ on 3. You aren’t aware___ the time, are you ? You are always late___ work. A. of/ for B. for/ of C. on/ at D. on/ for 4. If someone knocks___ the door___ night, don’t open it. A. on/ at B. at/ at C. up/ in D. at/ on 5. Everything is available___ the operation. A. of B. on C. from D. for 6. He is very keen___ English, but he is not good___ listening. A. at/ on B. on/ at C. at/ at D. to/ of 7. Your hairstyle is quite similar___ me. A. from B. with C. of D. to 8. Nguyen Du devoted all his lifetime___ writing. A. for B. to C. in D. from 9. I bought a coat___ my mother___ the supermarket. A. from/ for B. for/ at C. for/ from D. for/ in 10. She was very surprised___ the grade she received. A. at B. on C. of D. about 11. We might need more food, depending___ how many people turn up. A. for B. on C. at D. with 12. Jane doesn’t spend much money___ clothes. A. over B. about C. at D. on 13. A sign warned motorists___ dangers. A. of B. for C. about D. A and C 14. They translated the letter___ French. A. for B. with C. into D. about 15. Since she graduated, Anne has no longer been dependent___ her parents for financial support. A. to B. on C. upon D. B and C 16. Catherine became accustomed___ spicy foods when she was traveling. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 7/ PREPOSITIONS
8. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) PREPOSITIONS 2016 A. to B. on C. for D. about 17. Table salt is composed___ two elements, sodium and chlorine. A. to B. around C. of D. for 18. Washington state is famous___ its apples. A. in B. for C. of D. with 19. People who are afraid___ heights are called acrophobias. A. of B. on C. in D. to 20. Water is essential___ all life. A. on B. for C. in D. with Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 8/ PREPOSITIONS