Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Relatives - Đỗ Bình

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) - Relatives - Đỗ Bình

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 BÀI 3. RELATIVE CLAUSES - MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ I. Relative pronouns: Subject Object Possessive For persons who whom/who whose that that For things which which whose/of which that that 1. WHO: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ. e.g. The man who told you I was out met me in the park. The person who you wanted to see died days ago. This is the lady who helped my mom. That’s the one who we need to contact. 2. WHOM: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ. e.g. That’s the one whom we need to contact. The person whom you wanted to see died days ago. The one to whom he wanted to talk was out. Mr. Ba, from whom we got news, was escaped yesterday. 3. WHOSE: Là tính từ quan hệ chỉ người, dùng để thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu, kết hợp với một danh từ, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ. e.g. This is the lady whose son cheated me. The country whose people were struggling against floods announced the situation of disasters yesterday. 4. WHICH: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ. e.g. The book which you liked was sold. This is the bike which is my birthday present. The house, which was on fire, was built long ago. 5. THAT: Là đại từ quan hệ thay thế, dùng để thay thế cho các đại từ quan hệ như WHO, WHICH, làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ cho mệnh đề quan hệ, ngoài ra còn được sử dụng trong câu chẻ. e.g. The book that you liked was sold. The one that told you I was out met me in the park. This is the bike that I want to buy. The person that you wanted to see died days ago. 6. WHEN: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. e.g. The day when she left was rainy. The time when we reunite is uncertain. 7. WHERE: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ nơi chốn, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. e.g. This is the house where he lived in his childhood. The place where we play football is a football ground. 8. WHY: Là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ lí do, nguyên nhân, sử dụng trong mệnh đề quan hệ trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân. e.g. The reason why she left was unknown. That’s why we are worrying now. II. Relative clauses: 1. Defining clauses (Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và cần thiết có mặt để câu có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu không đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa (Chủ từ chưa được xác định). e.g. The man who keeps the library is Mr. Green. (The man is Mr. Green thì rõ, nhưng The man keeps the library thì không rõ là ai) That is the book that I like best. (là cuốn mà tôi thích trong vô vàn cuốn sách) 2. Non-defining clauses (Non- Restrictive Relative Clauses): Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết có mặt mà câu vẫn có nghĩa, nếu không có nó câu vẫn đảm bảo về ngữ nghĩa vì tiền ngữ (chủ từ) đã xác định. Loại mệnh đề này thường cách mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phảy, hoặc thường có các tính từ hay đại từ chỉ định hay sở hữu như: this, that, these, those, his, my, Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1 RELATIVES
2. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 e.g. That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr. Pike This is Mrs. Jones, who helped me last week. Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar. III. Reduced clauses: Mệnh đề rút gọn 1. Present Participle Phrases: (V-ING phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ danh động từ V-ING để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể chủ động. e.g. The man who is sitting next to you is Mr. Mike. → The man sitting next to you is Mr. Pike. Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday? → Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday? 2. Past Participle Phrases: (V-ED phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ tính từ V-ED để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu động từ chính của mệnh đề đó ở thể bị động. e.g. The man who was arrested by the police is Mr. Mike. → The man arrested by the police is Mr. Pike. Do you know the boy who was punished by the headmaster yesterday? → Do you know the boy punished by the headmaster yesterday? 3. Infinitive Phrases: (to V phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một ngữ động từ to infinitives để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ trong trường hợp mệnh đề có chứa các từ FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, LAST, ONLY có thể dùng với cấu trúc “for O + to V”, hoặc một số mệnh đề mang tính ràng buộc nhiệm vụ e.g. English is an important language which we have to master. → English is an important language to master/ for us to master. He is the only one who knows the answer. → He is the only one to know the answer. 4. Noun Phrases: (Noun phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một hoặc một cụm danh từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ nếu mệnh đề đó mang ngữ danh từ (thường chỉ nghề nghiệp). e.g. Mr. Ba, who is our new form teacher, is a good teacher. → Mr. Ba, our new form teacher, is a good teacher. The man who is the new manager of the office is still young. → The man - the new manager of the office - is still very young. 5. Adjectival Phrases: (Adjectival phrases replace relative clauses) Có thể dùng một hoặc một cụm tính từ để thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ. e.g. The streets which are crowded with population have no interest in learning. → The streets crowded with population have no interest in learning. The jobs which are easy to get are not always well-paid. → The jobs easy to get are not always well-paid. IV. Cleft sentences: Câu chẻ là hình thức đặc biệt của câu phức sử dụng các mệnh đề quan hệ để nhấn mạnh tới các thành tố của câu như chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, hay trạng ngữ. Dưới đây là ba hình thức câu chẻ điển hình: 1. Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ, chủ thể của hành động hoặc đối tượng được đề cập. S - V → It be S that/ who V e.g. Nam helped me a lot. → It was Nam who helped me a lot. The book tells us a romantic story. → It is the book that tells us a romantic story. He showed me the way here.→ It was he who showed me the way here. 2. Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của hành động. S - V - O → It be O that - S - V e.g. She bought the dictionary. → It was the dictionary that she bought. We saw Mai at the party. → It was Mai that we saw at the party. 3. Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ, đề cập tới thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, phương pháp của hành vi. S - V - A → It be A that S - V Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2 RELATIVES
3. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 e.g. We first met in this park. → It was in this park that we first met. She left on a rainy day. → It was on a rainy day that she left. BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1. Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun: which, that, whose, whom, who, where, when, why, or which. 1. Here is the beach___ is the safest for swimmers. 2. Mr. Bike will buy the house___ is opposite to my house. 3. I’ve ever read the book___ Huong gave me yesterday. 4. The man___ I saw last weekend said something totally different. 5. The town___ we are living is noisy and crowded. 6. Sunday is the day___ we usually go fishing on. 7. Sunday is the day___ we usually go fishing. 8. The boy___ sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages. 9. The dictionary___ is on the table belongs to Long. 10. He wore a hat___ made him look like a cowboy. 11. The year___ we came to live here was 1975. 12. I wish to see the factory___ your father used to work. 13. Mr. David, ___ son studies with us, has never been to Vietnam. 14. A bricklayer is a person ___ builds houses. 15. We’re going to London, ___ is famous for Big Ben. 16. This house, ___ Pele used to live, is being made into a museum. 17. That’s the house___ I was born in. 18. The student___ did this exercise might be very intelligent. 19. Peter couldn’t come to the party last night, ___ was really a pity. 20. Ly Duc,___ won 2 gold medals at the Games, comes from Vietnam. Exercise 2. Fill in each gap with a suitable relative pronoun: which, that, whose, whom, who, where, when, why, or which. 1. Stop him. He’s the man___ stole my wallet. 2. Mr. David, ___comes from England, has never been to Vietnam. 3. I’m staying with the boy___ brother looks very handsome. 4. He talked about the books and writers___ made us bored. 5. The city___ I lived as a child has been pulled down now. 6. Henry, ___ you’ll meet tomorrow, is also a member of the board. 7. Can you answer the questions___ I ask you? 8. The lady___ son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school. 9. The woman___ book I borrowed is very generous. 10. He is the only friend___ I like. 11. He can’t swim, ___ makes me surprised. 12. We are visiting Ha Long, ___ is in the north of Viet Nam. 13. This is the place___ the battle took place 40 years ago. 14. The town___ we are living in is noisy. 15. They have invented a television set___ is small as a watch. 16. We visited children___ parents are dead. 17. I’m talking about Tom, ___ is really friendly. 18. I’ll never forget the day___ I first met her. 19. This is the hotel___ we stayed last summer. 20. Tell me the reason___ you have cancelled the tour. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3 RELATIVES
4. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 Exercise 3. Replace the relative clause in each of the following sentences by a suitable phrase using the –ing, -ed, or to infinitive form. 1. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. → ___. 2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. → ___. 3. The children who attend that school receive a good education. → ___. 4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. → ___. 5. They live in a house that was built in 1980. → ___. 6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park. → ___. 7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flew into space. → ___. 8. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. → ___. 9. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country. → ___. 10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. → ___. 11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? → ___? 12. The people who were waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. → ___. 13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country. → ___. 14. They live in a house that was built in 1890. → ___. 15. He was the first man who left the burning building. → ___. 16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors → ___. 17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. → ___. 18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. → ___. 19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting? → ___? 20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. → ___. Exercise 4. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. Mr. Pike, ___ is our boss ,has just come back from Paris. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 2. The botanists are examining the plants___ were brought from Africa. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 3. Do you know the hotel___? Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4 RELATIVES
5. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 A. at which she is staying B. where she is staying C. she is staying at D. all are correct 4. That is the new teacher about___ the students are talking. A. that B. who C. whose D. whom 5. This subject___ going to discuss, is very important. A. which we are B. which are we C. that we are D. A and C are correct 6. The scientist___ invention was a success became famous. A. who B. whose C. which D. that 7. I knew some people___. A. who could help you B. whom could help you C. whose help could you D. could help you 8. That is the dress___. A. which made by Mary B. which making by Mary C. was made by Mary D. made by Mary 9. The bicycle___ is very modern. A. I told you about which B. which about I told you C. about I told you which D. about which I told you 10. Many diseases___ are no longer dangerous today. A. why people died of year ago B. which people died years ago C. of that people died years ago D. that people died of years ago 11. Have you made a decision on the day___? A. which you will set off B. when you will set off B. at which you will set off D. where you will set off 12. The road___ is shaded with trees. A. on which we go to school every day C. from which we go to school every day B. at which we go to school every day D. where we go to school every day 13. I’m standing at the window___. A. in which I can see the lake B. where I can see the lake C. at which I can see the lake D. from which I can see the lake 14. I’ll show you the second hand bookshop___. A. when you can find valuable old books B. why you can find valuable old books C. where you can find valuable old books D. which you can find valuable old books 15. Lan’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man___. A. that she hardly knows him B. whom she hardly knows him C. she hardly knows D. she hardly knows him 16. I come from the Seattle area, ___ many successful companies such as Microsoft and Boeing are located. A. which B. that C. where D. whom 17. They have just visited the town___ location was little known. A. where B. whose C. which D. that 18. ___ one of the most creative artists in rock ‘n roll, came from California. A. Frank Zappa, who was B. Frank Zappa was C. Frank Zappa, that was D. Frank Zappa whom was 19. He came to the party wearing only a pair of shorts and a T-shirt, ___ was a stupid thing to do. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 20. He lives in a small town___. A. where is called Taunton B. which is called Taunton C. is called Taunton D. that called Taunton Exercise 5. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. The house___ is more than 100 years old. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5 RELATIVES
6. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 A. where I live B. in where I live C. in that I live D. where I live in 2. ___ want to get a good job have to have certain qualifications and experience. A. Who B. Those which C. Those who D. Those whom 3. Wild fires are common is the forest areas of Australia, of the US and Canada, ___ the climate is moist. A. in where B. in that C. where D. which 4. King Henry, ___ was Elizabeth I, led England into the Age of Empire. A. daughter B. whom daughter C. which daughter D. whose daughter 5. Frank invited Janet, ___, to the party. A. met in Japan B. meeting in Japan C. whom he had met in Japan D. that he had met in Japan 6. The singer, ___ most recent recording has had much success, is signing autographs. A. whose B. that C. who D. whom 7. He likes shopping between 1.00 and 3.00 pm, ___ most people are at home. A. when B. where C. in which D. at that 8. Linda, to___ many of her students are writing, is living happily and peacefully in Canada. A. who B. whom C. that D. whose 9. The fishermen and their boats___ were off the coast three days ago have just been reported to be missing A. which B. that C. who D. whom 10. The banker to___ I gave my check was quite friendly. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 11. Birds make nests in trees___ they can hide their young in the leaves and branches. A. which B. where C. that D. in that 12. He lent me___ yesterday. A. the book I need B. the book when I need C. which book I need D. the book whose I need 13. ___ cheat on the exam have to leave the room. A. Those B. Who C. Those whom D. Those who 14. ___ really a fish, has no brain, no bones, and no face. A. A jelly fish is not B. A jelly fish, it is not C. A jelly fish, which is not D. A jelly fish, that is not 15. Ann had been sleeping in the back of the car. She felt quite fresh and wanted to go on. A. Ann, that felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car. B. Ann, who felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car. C. Ann, felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car. D. Ann, whom felt quite fresh and wanted to go on, had been sleeping in the back of the car. 16. She was dancing with a student___ a slight limp. A. who had B. with whom had C. with that have D. by whom had. 17. My father works for a construction company in___. A. Winchester, which is a city in the U.K. B. Winchester that is a city in the U.K. C. Winchester is a city in the U.K. D. Winchester where is a city in the U.K. 18. I saw a lot of new people at the party, ___ seemed familiar. A. some of whom B. some of who C. whom D. some of that 19. My friend eventually decided to quit her job, ___ upset me a lot. A. that B. when C. which D. who 20. He is the man___ car was stolen last week. A. whom B. that C. which D. whose Exercise 6. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence. 1. The problem___ has been discussed in class. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 6 RELATIVES
7. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 A. that are very interested in B. which are very interested C. which we are very interested in D. are very interested 2. They have just found the couple and their car___ were swept away during the heavy storm last week. A. that B. which C. whose D. when 3. It was the worst winter___ anyone could remember. A. when B. which C. where D. why 4. I would like to know the reason___ he decided to quit the job. A. why B. which C. that D. when 5. ___ instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview. A. John Robbins to that I spoke by telephone, B. John Robbins, that I spoke to by telephone, C. John Robbins I spoke to by telephone, D. John Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone, 6. He was always coming up with new ideas, ___ were absolutely impracticable. A. most of whom B. that C. most of which D. most of that 7. She always had wanted to go to places___ she could speak her native tongue. A. that B. in that C. which D. where 8. February is the month___ many of my colleagues take skiing holidays. A. when B. that C. in that D. which 9. There was no one___. A. I could ask for help B. when I could ask for help C. I could ask whom for help D. for that I could ask for help. 10. The children were quite attracted by the tamer and his animals___ were performing on the stage. A. that B. which C. whom D. who 11. Is there anything else___ you want to ask? A. what B. where C. whom D. that 12. The man___ 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind. A. whom spent B. that spent C. spending D. B and C are correct 13. ___ to the city designed these flats. A. Architect who has moved B. The architect who have moved C. The architect having moved D. The architect whom having moved 14. Tom, ___ tired, had been driving all day. A. that was B. whom was C. of whom he was D. being 15. I am looking after some children.___. A. terribly spoilt B. being terribly spoilt C. of whom are terribly spoilt D. are terribly spoilt 16. David, ___you all know, is going to talk about careers. A. that B. whom C. by whom D. who 17. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it. A. Do you see my pen I have just written the lesson with which? B. Do you see my pen with which I have just written the lesson it? C. Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with it? D. Do you see my pen which I have just written the lesson with? 18. The film is about a spy. His wife betrays him. A. The film is about a spy by whom his wife is betrayed. B. The film is about a spy betraying his wife. C. The film is about a spy who betrays his wife. D. The film is about a spy betrayed by his wife. Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 7 RELATIVES
8. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 19. He took me to an expensive restaurant___ we enjoyed a good meal. A. where B. which C. when D. that 20. The young man___ is very kind to my family. A. to live next door B. he lives next door C. living next door D. lived next door Exercise 7: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting: 1. We will go to see the film “Titanic” if the weather is fine or not. A B C D 2. Had he planned on going, he will have let us know. A B C D 3. If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have be stolen. A B C D 4. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. A B C D 5. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are explaining the children the rules of the game. A B C D 6. You can enjoy a sport without joining in a club or belonging to a team. A B C D 7. Unlike many writings of her time, she was not preoccupied with morality. A B C D 8. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. A B C D 9. This novel, which written by a well-known writer, should be read. A B C D 10. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class. A B C D 11. The tongue is the principle organ of taste, and is crucial for chewing, swallowed, and speaking. A B C D 12. If Monique had not attended the party, she never would meet her old friend Dan, whom she had not seen in years. A B C D 13. A smaller percentage of British students go on to farther or higher education than any other European country. A B C D 14. The proposal has repealed after a thirty-minutes discussion and a number of objections to its failure to include our district. A B C D 15. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information. A B C D 16. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend. A B C D 17. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place. A B C D 18. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today. A B C D 19. Jim is very goodness with his hands. A B C D 20. A galaxy, where may include billions of stars, is held together by gravitation attraction. A B C D Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 8 RELATIVES
9. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) RELATIVES 2016 Exercise 8: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following sentences that needs correcting: 1. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent. A B C D 2. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire. A B C D 3. They have told me some information most of whom is very useful. A B C D 4. New Year day is the day where all my family members gather and enjoy it together. A B C D 5. The little boy was lost and spoke in an afraid voice. A B C D 6. Both sides have at last agreed with a United Nations plan to end the fighting. A B C D 7. Pupils sometimes suffer in a test when the questions are written in a language which is not his mother tongue. A B C D 8. The country’s chief exports is oil and gas. A B C D 9. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left? A B C D 10. The car who I bought used to be my father’s. A B C D 11. Alan said that it was she which had stolen his suitcase. A B C D 12. Stratford is the town there William Shakespeare, a great English playwright was born and died. A B C D 13. I really don’t know the reason on which Sam was sacked. A B C D 14. The biggest city in Brazil is Sao Paulo which population is over 5 million. A B C D 15. She is one of my relatives whom get a Ph.D. degree. A B C D 16. After writing it, the essay must be duplicated by the student himself and handed into the department secretary before the end of the month. A B C D 17. They are known that colds can be avoided by eating the right kind of food and taking exercise regularly. A B C D 18. Before the invention of the printing press, books have been all printed by hand. A B C D 19. The medical problems of parents and their children tend to be very similar to because of the hereditary nature of many diseases. A B C D 20. Janet, her father is our teacher, is very good at mathematics. A B C D Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn, Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc – www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 9 RELATIVES