Đề cương chi tiết ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 7

Nội dung text: Đề cương chi tiết ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 7

1. ĐỀ CƯƠNG CHI TIẾT LESSON 1. PHONETICS (NGỮ ÂM) 1. MỘT VÀI QUY TẮC VỀ TRỌNG ÂM (STRESS) Quy tắc Ví dụ Ngoại lệ 1. Từ có 2 vần: Candy, really, active, carrot Cadec, divine, - Thường nhấn ở vần đầu Dictate, present, export, rebel possess, guitar, - Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở vần đầu Dictate, present, export, rebel patrol, manure - Động từ: nhấn ở vần cuối 2. Các từ tận cùng là: IC, ION, IA, IAL, IAN, Economic, revision, colonial, Arithmetic, heretic, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, magnesia, musician, familiar, appliance, reliance, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS, trọng âm thường đặt experience, efficient, defiance ngay trước những âm này allegiance, gymnasium, abstemious, continuous 3. Các từ tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, Adventurous, considerate, Incarnate, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, altitude, capacity, variety, disastrous NOMY, CY trọng âm thường từ âm thứ 3 từ mechanical, astrology, sau ra trước. photography, calorimetry, antinomy, democracy 4. Các từ tận cùng là: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, Charade, referee, Vietnamese, Centigrade, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE, trọng âm thường engineer, taboo, balloon, committee, nhấn ở vần cuối. cigarette, burlesque overseer 5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Blackbird, greenhouse 6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, trọng âm rơi Bad-tempered, old-fashioned vào âm tiết thứ hai understand, overflow 2. PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ -p, -pe / p / Stops, hopes, develops, copes -t, -te / t / Bats , hats, hates, writes -k, -ke / k / / s / Books, looks, breaks, makes -gh, -ph / f / Laughs, photographs -th, -the / θ / Lengths, bathes -x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses -se / z / Uses (v), browses -sh / ∫ / / iz / Washes, smashes -ge / dz / Languages, bridges, ranges -ch / ʧ / Watches, matches, catches Trường hợp còn lại / z / Pens, tables, disappears Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ -d, -de / d / Decided, needed / id / -t, -te / t / Wanted, dedicated -k, -ke / k / Looked, caked, -gh, -ph / f / Laughed, paragraphed -x, -s, -ce, -se / s / Mixed, missed, pronounced / t / -p, -pe / p / Dropped, developed, roped -sh / ∫ / Established, finished -ch / t∫ / Scratched, stretched Trường hợp còn lại / d / Used (v), prepared, cleaned Exercise 1. A. proofs B. books C. points D. days 2. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 3. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 1
2. 4. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 5. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 6. A. cats B. tapes C. rides D. cooks 7. A. walks B. begins C. helps D. cuts 8. A. shoots B. grounds C. concentrates D. forests 9. A. helps B. laughs C. cooks D. finds 10. A. hours B. fathers C. dreams D. thinks 11. A. beds B. doors C. plays D. students 12. A. arms B. suits C. chairs D. boards 13. A. boxes B. classes C. potatoes D. finishes 14. A. relieves B. invents C. buys D. deals 15. A. dreams B. heals C. kills D. tasks 16. A. resources B. stages C. preserves D. focuses 17. A. carriages B. whistles C. assures D. costumes 18. A. offers B. mounts C. pollens D. swords 19. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names 20. A. sports B. households C. minds D. plays CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tenses và Past participle: 1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t, d / : Thường sau chữ t, d : .Ex: wanted; decided 2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k, f, p, s, ∫, t∫, h ,/ hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch :.Ex: asked; stopped; laughed 3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên : .Ex: moved; played; raised Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked,, Exercise 1. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 2. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 3. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 4. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 5. A. catched B. crashed C. occupied D. coughed 6. A. agreed B. missed C. liked D. watched 7. A. measured B. pleased C. distinguished D. managed 8. A. wounded B. routed C. wasted D. risked 9. A. imprisoned B. pointed C. shouted D. surrounded 10. A. a.failed B. reached C. absored D. solved 11. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. díplayed 12. A removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed 13. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D.stepped 14. A. wanted B.parked C. stopped D.watched 15. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed 16. A.believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked 17. A.lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided 18. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed 19. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked 20. A.admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped BÀI TẬP VỀ CÁC NGUYÊN ÂM VÀ CÁC PHỤ ÂM KHÁC : 1. A. heat B. scream C. meat D. dead 2. A. breakfast B. teacher C. east D. please 3. A. thrilling B. other C. through D. something 4. A. idea B. going C. will D. trip 5. A. face B. place C. prepared D. days 6. A. Germany B. garden C. gate D. gas 7. A. scholarship B. Christ C. school D. chicken 8. A. house B. harm C. hour D. husband 9. A. hundred B. exhausted C. however D. heat 10. A. head B. ready C. mean D. weather 11. A. choir B. cheap C. child D. chair 12. A. charge B. child C. teacher D. champagne 2
3. 13. A. reason B. clear C. mean D. each 14. A. motion B. question C. mention D. fiction 15. A. gather B. good C. large D. again 16. A. change B. children C. machine D. church 17. A. write B. writer C. writing D. written 18. A. share B. rare C. are D. declare 19. A. apply B. university C. identity D. early 20. A. choice B. achieve C. each D. chemistry Soạn bài tập và bài kiểm tra chỉ trong một nốt nhạc! Có rất nhiều tài liệu, đề thi và sách Tiếng Anh file word có key – Giá rẻ, đầy đủ LIÊN HỆ ZALO O982.352.156 Combo lớp 10 mới (100K) 1 BT Tiếng Anh 10 của Hoàng Thị Xuân Hoa 2 BT kiến thức trọng tâm 10 của Nguyễn Thị Chi 3 BT Tiếng Anh 10 của Lưu Hoằng Trí 4 BT Tiếng Anh 10 của Đại Lợi Combo lớp 11 mới (200K) 1 Luyện chuyên sâu NP và BTTA 11 – Dương Hương 2 Giáo án TA 11 (sưu tầm) 3 BT trọng tâm TA 11 4 BT Trắc nghiệm TA 11 _ Hoàng Thị Xuân Hoa 5 BT TA 11 cơ bản và nâng cao – Nguyễn Ngọc Châu 6 BTTA 11 – Lưu Hoằng Trí 7 BT TA 11 – Trần Ái Thanh 8 BT Trắc nghiệm TA 11 – Nguyễn Thị Chi 9 Từ vựng TA 11 – Lê Công Đức Bộ 3 sách BT của Hoàng Thị Xuân Hoa dành cho lớp 10, 11, 12 mới (100k) Bộ 3 sách bài tập của Bùi Văn Vinh dành cho lớp 10, 11, 12 mới (100K) Bộ tài liệu ôn thi THPT (150K) 1 15 chuyên đề ôn THPT (sưu tầm) 2 Ngữ pháp ôn tập THPT (sưu tầm) 3 Giải thích ngữ pháp (Mai Lan Hương) 4 Bứt phá điểm thi THPTQG ( Vũ Thị Mai Phương) 5 Tự học đột phá ngữ pháp tiếng Anh (Dương Hương) 6 Công phá đề thi THPTQG 2019 (love book) Combo lớp 9 (mới và cũ) (200k) có thể mua lẻ (50K/1 quyển) STT TÊN TÀI LIỆU ĐỊNH DẠNG Ghi chú 1 Giáo án Tiếng anh 9 WORD 2 Từ vựng Tiếng anh 9 trọng tâm - st PDF 3 Bài tập Tiếng anh 9 theo từng bài (tự soạn + sưu tầm) WORD 4 Bài tập bổ trợ và nâng cao Tiếng anh 9 WORD + PDF 5 Bài tập Tiếng anh 9 - Bùi Văn Vinh WORD + PDF 6 Bài tập tiếng anh 9 - Lưu Hoằng Trí WORD + PDF 3
4. 7 Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng anh 9 theo chuyên đề PDF 8 Bộ đề kiểm tra Tiếng anh 9 - Tập 1&2 PDF 9 Em học giỏi Tiếng anh 9 - The Langmaster - Tập 1&2 PDF Kèm CD 10 Chinh phục ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng anh 9 - tập 1 PDF 11 Bài tập cuối tuần Tiếng anh 9 - tập 1 - Đại Lợi PDF 12 Bài tập Tiếng anh 9 - tập 1 - Mai Lan Hương (Chương trình mới) PDF 13 Diễn giải Ngữ pháp và ôn luyện trọng tâm kiến thức theo chuyên đề Tiếng Anh 9 PDF 14 Các đề luyện thi Tiếng anh nâng cao Tiếng anh 9 PDF 15 Tài liệu kiến thức Tiếng Anh 9 - Hoàng Minh PDF 16 Bồi dưỡng Học sinh giỏi theo chuyên đề Tiếng anh lớp 9 PDF 17 Luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng anh 9 WORD + PDF 18 Chuyên đề Bồi dưỡng Học sinh giỏi Tiếng anh 9 WORD + PDF 19 Luyện nghe Tiếng anh THCS và THPT - CD - KEY Tập 1&2 WORD Kèm CD Bộ 4 sách BT của Lưu Hoằng Trí dành cho lớp 6,7,8,9 mới (100k) Bộ sách ôn thi vào 10 (150k) COMBO ôn vào 10 - 200k 1 Công phá 8+ của Bùi Văn Vinh 2 Ôn thi vào 10 của Nguyễn Thị Chi 3 25 đề thi vào 10 (sưu tầm) 4 Ôn thi vào 10 của Bùi Ánh Dương 5 Chinh phục đề vào 10 của Dương Hương 6 Luyện chuyên sâu Tiếng Anh 9 của Tống Ngọc Huyền 7 Tuyển tập đề vào 10 (Đại Lợi - Hương Giang) Bộ sách BT và tài liệu dành cho lớp 7 mới (200k) có thể mua lẻ (50K/1 quyển) STT TÊN TÀI LIỆU ĐỊNH DẠNG 1 Giáo án Tiếng anh 7 thí điểm WORD 2 Tapescript bài nghe tiếng anh 7 thí điểm PDF 3 Từ vựng Tiếng anh 7 trọng tâm - Hoàng Thạch PDF 4 Từ vựng Tiếng anh 7 - Lê Công Đức PDF TÀI LIỆU + SÁCH BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO 5 Bài tập Tiếng anh 7 theo unit (tự soạn) WORD 6 Bài tập Tiếng Anh 7 - Bùi Văn Vinh WORD+PDF 7 Bài tập Tiếng Anh 7 - Lưu Hoằng Trí WORD+PDF 8 Bài tập Tiếng Anh 7 - Vũ Thị Phượng WORD+PDF 9 Bài Tập Tiếng Anh 7-Tập 1 (Mai Lan Hương - Hà Thanh Uyên) WORD 10 Hướng dẫn ôn tập và kiểm tra Tiếng Anh 7 - Đại Lợi (2 tập) PDF 11 Luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng Anh 7 (tự soạn) WORD 12 Bài tập bổ trợ và nâng cao Tiếng anh 7 thí điểm - Nguyễn Thị Chi PDF 13 Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng anh 7 theo chuyên đề - Đại Lợi PDF 14 Luyện nghe nói đọc viết tiếng anh 7 thí điểm - Đại Lợi - tập 2 PDF 4
5. 15 Bài tập các chuyên đề ngữ pháp Tiếng anh WORD ĐỀ THI - KIỂM TRA 16 Bộ đề kiểm tra tiếng anh 7 thí điểm - Đại Lợi & Hương Giang (2 tập) PDF 17 Bộ đề thi- kiểm tra Tiếng Anh (st: 12 đề 1 tiết, 4 đề HKI, 2 đề HKII) WORD 18 Tuyển tập đề thi HSG Tiếng anh 7 (6 đề) WORD 19 Bộ 1000 câu ôn thi HSG chuyên đề Viết lại câu WORD BỘ SÁCH VÀ TÀI LIỆU LỚP 6 MỚI - CHỈ 200K (có thể mua lẻ 50K/1 quyển) Giáo án Tiếng anh 6 WORD Full Từ vựng Tiếng anh 6 trọng tâm - st PDF Full Bài tập Tiếng anh 6 theo từng bài - Kim Hiền WORD Full Sách Big 4 - Tự kiểm tra 4 kĩ năng lớp 6 WORD + PDF Có Full Sách luyện nghe nói đọc viết tiếng anh 6 PDF Có Full 121 bài tập Tiếng anh 6 thí điểm PDF Full Bài tập bổ trợ và nâng cao Tiếng anh 6 thí điểm PDF Full Bài tập Tiếng anh 6 - Bùi Văn Vinh WORD + PDF Full Bài tập tiếng anh 6 - Lưu Hoằng Trí WORD + PDF Full Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng anh 6 theo chuyên đề PDF Full Em học giỏi Tiếng anh 6 PDF Có tập 1 & 2 Luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng anh 6 WORD + PDF tập 1 & 2 Bài tập Tiếng anh 6 - Vũ Thị Phượng (có đáp án) WORD + PDF Full Từ vựng Tiếng anh 6 - Lê Công Đức PDF Full Bài tập Tiếng anh 6 - Mai Lan Hương - Hà Thanh Uyên (Có đáp án) WORD + PDF tập 1 & 2 Luyện nghe Tiếng anh THCS và THPT - CD - KEY WORD Có CD Tập 1, 2 Bộ đề Bồi dưỡng HS giỏi Tiếng anh Toàn diện Lớp 6 - Linh Đan WORD + PDF 25 đề + Keys LISTENING ACTIVITIES Tiếng Anh 6 - Tập 1 - With CD - LÊ ĐỨC PDF Đẹp Có CD Tập 1 BỘ SÁCH VÀ TÀI LIỆU LỚP 8 MỚI - CHỈ 200K (có thể mua lẻ 50K/1 quyển) Giáo án Tiếng anh 8 WORD Tapescript bài nghe tiếng anh 8 PDF Có CD Từ vựng Tiếng anh 8 trọng tâm - st PDF Bài tập Tiếng anh 8 theo từng bài WORD Bài tập bổ trợ và nâng cao Tiếng anh 8 PDF Bài tập Tiếng anh 8 - Bùi Văn Vinh WORD + PDF Bài tập tiếng anh 8 - Lưu Hoằng Trí WORD + PDF Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng anh 8 theo chuyên đề PDF Bộ đề kiểm tra Tiếng anh 8 PDF Hướng dẫn ôn tập và kiểm tra đánh giá Tiếng anh 8 PDF Em học giỏi Tiếng anh 8 - The Langmaster PDF Có CD Bài tập trắc nghiệm Tiếng anh 8 PDF Luyện chuyên sâu ngữ pháp và bài tập Tiếng anh 8 WORD 5
6. Bài tập Tiếng anh 8 - Đại Lợi - có đáp án WORD Từ vựng Tiếng anh 8 - Lê Công Đức PDF Bài Tập Tiếng Anh 8 - Tập 1 (Mai Lan Hương - Hà Thanh Uyên) - Có đáp án WORD Bộ đề kiểm tra HK1 Tiếng anh 8 - WORD - CD WORD Có CD LESSON 2+3. TENSES (THÌ) Thì SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST Dạng (Hiện Tại đơn) (Quá Khứ đơn) Khẳng định S + V [-s/-es] S + V-ed / 2 Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V(bare-inf) S + didn’t + V(bare-inf) Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V (bare- inf) ? Did + S + V(bare-inf) ? Bị động am / is / are + V-ed/Vpp was / were + V-ed/Vpp - yesterday - always, usually, occasionally, often, - last : last week, last Sunday Nhận biết - every : every day, every year - ago : two months ago, five years ago - once , twice , 3 times - in the past Thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Dạng (Hiện Tại tiếp diễn) (Quá Khứ tiếp diễn) Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ? Was / Were + S + V-ing ? Bị động am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp - At that moment - now, at present - When / As + (simple past): - at the / this moment When I came, she was crying. Nhận biết - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : - While : Keep silent! The baby is sleeping A dog crossed the road while I was driving. Thì PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT Dạng (Hiện Tại hoàn thành) (Qúa Khứ hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp S + had + V-ed/Vpp Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp ? Had + S + V-ed/Vpp ? Bị động has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp had been + V-ed/Vpp - just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately - after + (past perfect), (simple past) Nhận biết - since, for : since 1995, for 9 years - before + (simple past), (past perfect) - so far, up to now, from then - by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT Dạng (Tương Lai đơn) (Tương Lai hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/Vpp Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/Vpp Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf) ? Will + S + have + V-ed/Vpp ? Bị động will be + V-ed/Vpp will be + V-ed/Vpp - tomorrow - by the end of this month Nhận biết - next : next week, next Monday - by + (time in the future) - in the future Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V): * S1 + and + S2 => số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday. 6
7. * Each, every, no + noun => số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student. * S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report. * Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money. * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody ) => số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room. PRACTICE Exercise 1. Choose the most correct answer: 1. I ___this film twice. A. see B. saw C. will see D. have seen 2. –Peter, please help me do the washing up. – Sorry, Mum. I ___ TV. A. watch B. am watching C. had watched D. watched 3. The farmers ___ in the field now. A. were working B. have worked C. worked D. are working 4. The war ___ out three years ago. A. broke B. had broken C. has broken D. was breaking 5. He ___ a cup of coffee every morning. A. drinks B. drank C. is drinking D. has drunk 6. She ___ a lot of new books. A. had just bought B. has just bought C. buys D. bought 7. Up to the present, Nam___ good work in his class. A. does B. has done C. had done D. did 8. At present, that author ___ a historical novel. A. is writing B. was writing C. has written D. had written 9. By next month, I ___ my first novel. A. will finish B. am going to finish C. finish D. will have finished 10. Phong ___ at the university so far. A. had worked B. was working C. worked D. has worked 11. How long ___ able to drive? – since 1990. A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you 12. They ___ since eight o’clock. A. are talking B. have been talking C. talked D. talk 13. My brother ___ in the army from 1990 to 1995. A. served B. has served C. had served D. is serving 14. At this moment, I ___ that we have a good chance of victory. A. was feeling B. am feeling C. feel D. had been feeling 15. I ___ the money from him yet. A. haven’t received B. don’t receive C. will receive D. am receiving 16. This is the most interesting book ___ . A. I’ve read B. I had read C. I’ve ever readed D. I’ve ever read 17. I ___ him ten days ago. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 18. It ___ a long time since I last saw him. A. is B. was C. will be D. had been 19. She ___ so hard this week that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had worked 20. Mr. John___ to Los Angeles in 1992. A. had gone B. has gone C. went D. was going 21. What ___ to you yesterday? A. happened B. did happen C. had happened D. has happened 22. I never go to Australia. I ___ to Australia yet. A. will go B. went C. haven’t been D. have been 23. What ___ do at 7:00 tomorrow morning. 7
8. A. will you B. shall you C. were you D. did you 24. Why ___ you come yesterday? A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. A and C 25. My mother ___ in this factory since 1990 A. works B. worked C. has worked D. had worked 26. I ___ my hair before breakfast this morning. A. washed B. had washed C. was washing D. have washed 27. I ___ about him when he suddenly came in. A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking 28. He will finish this work before you ___ here tomorrow. A. leave B. will leave C. would leave D. are going to leave 29. Don’t make noise. My mother ___ with her friends. A. is talking B. was talking C. talks D. talked 30. He ___ in this office for ten years by next Monday. A. will have been working B. would be working C. will work D. will be working Exercise 3: Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences: 1. (A)Last year, my son (B)was lost (C)among the crowd when we (D)have gone shopping. 2. The problem (A)has turned out (B)to be more serious (C)than we (D)will have thought. 3. (A)Almost 300 million people (B)had visited (C)America’s national parks (D)every year. 4. They (A)have studied English(A) before they went (C)to London. 5. They (A)has got married (B)for 30 years (C)by the end of (D)this month. 6. They (A)will help you (B)whenever you (C)will ask (D)them. 7. (A)When Sam (B)will arrive, he will (C)open (D)the gift. 8. My father (A)has ever told (B)me honestychân thât (C)was (D)the best policy. 9. Did you say (A)that you (B)will have a lot of things (C)to do the (D)following week? 10. (A)When we arrived (B)at (C)the station, the train (D)has already left. 11. (A)Did your doctor (B)recommend you that you (C)will stop (D)smoking? 12. (A) Up to now, there (B)had been (C)no woman (D)being chosen the US president. 13. The neighbors (A)are having a party. They (B)are making so much noise (C)since 6 o’clock. I (D)can’t sleep. 14. (A)Don’t (B)leave the house (C)until I (D)will get back. 15. I (A)was walking along the pavement(B) when I (C)realized that there (D)has been a man following me. 16. Human (A)had struggled (B)against weeds (C)since the beginning (D)of agriculture. 17. Mary (A)said (B)that she (C)do jogging (D)every morning. 18. (A)At this time (B)next week, Peter (C)was working (D)in London. 19. Never I (A)have seen (B)such a (C)good film (D)before. 20. (A)Before the 1920s, (B)no women (C)will vote (D)in the US. LESSON 4. REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: 1. Đổi chủ ngữ và các đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất. 2. Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu. 3. Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định. Bảng đổi động từ Direct speech Indirect speech Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Past progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) Will/Shall Would/ Should Can/May Could/ Might 8
9. Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian Today That day Yesterday The day before The day before yesterday Two days before Tomorrow The next/ the following day The day after tomorrow In two days Next + Time ( week, month, year .) The following + Time ( week, month, year .) Last + Time ( week, month, year .) The previous + Time ( week, month, year .) Time + ago Time + before This, these That, those Right now At once Here, Overhere There, Overthere Ví dụ : - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.” He said that he had lost his pen that morning. - She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.” She told him that she would go with him the next day. - He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.” He said that he would come there to take that book. - They said to us : “You must do this work right now.” They told us that we had to do that work at once. Lưu ý : Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật: wh- / how V (tường thuật)+ + S + V if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N) Ví dụ : “What are you doing?” asked my father. = My father asked me what I was doing. “Have you seen that film?” John asked. = John wanted to know if I had seen that film. He asked them “How many children do you have?” = He asked them how many children they had. Exercise1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. Jack asked me ___. A.where do you come from? B.where I came from C.where I am from D.where did I come from? 2. She asked me ___ I liked pop music. A.when B.what C.if D.x 3. The doctor ___ him to take more exercise. A.told B.tell C. have told D. are telling 4. I wanted to know___ return home. A.when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would 5. Claire told me that her father___ a race horse. A.owns B.owned C. owning D. A and B 6. What did that man say ___? A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you 7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ___ raining there. A. is B. were C. has been D. was 8. The builders have ___ that everything will be ready on time. A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising 9. The doctor ___ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling 10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday the ___ week. A. ago B. following C. next D. previous 11. Yesterday, Laura ___ him to put some shelves up. 9
10. A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked 12. Tom has ___ this story wasn’t completely true. A. admitting that B. was admitted that C. admitted that D. admit that 13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ___ day. A. that B. the C. then D. this 14. I wonder ___ the tickets are on sale yet. A. what B. when C. where D. whether 15. Mathew ___ Emma that her train was about to leave. A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that 16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you ___ ill. A. are B. were C. was D. should be 17. Ann ___ and left. A. said goodbye to me B. says goodbye to me C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye 18. I told you ___ to switch off the computer, didn’t I ? A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not 19. Bill was slow, so I ___ hurry up. A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to 20. Sarah was driving to fast, so I ___ to slow down. A. asked her B. asked C. ask D.have asked her 21. Someone ___ me there’s been an accident on the motorway. A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told 22. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her ___. A. no worry B. not worry C. no to worry D. not to worry 23. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom___. A. giving a hand B. gave a hand C. to give a hand D. give a hand 24. Tom said that New York ___ more lively than London. A. is B. be C. was D. were 25. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ___ use the phone. A. can B. could C. may D. must 26. George couldn’t help me. He ___ me to ask Kate. A. tell B. said C. told D. say 27. Judy ___ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to. A.admitted B. offered C. promised D. suggested 28. I said that I had met her ___ . A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before day. 29. The man asked the boys ___ . A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting C. why they fight D.why were they fighting 30. “___the door”, he said. A. please open B. open pleased C. please to open D. please, opening Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences : 1. “Push as hard as you can” She said to me. She told me ___ 2. “Don’t wait for me if I am late” He said to her. He told her ___ 3. “Where are you from, Nam?” said Mai. Mai asked___ 4. Mary said “ I cannot go to the cinema with you, John”. She ___ 5. Tom asked Mary “Did you phone me last night?” Tom wanted to know___ 6. He asked me “Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?”. He asked me___ 7. Why don’t you stop smoking?” the doctor said to him. 10
11. The doctor advised him ___ 8. “How many students are there in your class?” The man asked me ___ 9. “Have you seen John recently?” said Ann. Ann asked me ___ 10. The policeman said to her : “Show me your driving licence.” The policeman ordered ___ 11. He said : “Did you see Mary yesterday ?” He wanted to know ___ 12. He said : “Would you mind telling me the time ?” He told ___ 13. I said to my friend : “When did you buy your new car ? I asked ___ 14. My friend said to me : “We have known everything about that.” My friend told ___ 15. Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?” Helen asked Jack ___ 16. 'You'd better look for a new job, Andrew.' Jane advised ___ 17. 'It was nice of you to invite me to your birthday party. Thanks very much. Mike thanked ___ 18. 'I must. have made a mistake in the calculations.' Mr Forest admitted ___ 19. 'I'll pay for the meal.' Sarah insisted ___ 20.Perhaps we can go to Paris for the weekend.' Neil suggested ___ LESON 5. PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG) S + [aux] + Vm(động từ chính) + O S + [aux] + Be + V-ed/Vpp + [by + O] Ghi chú : - Động từ Be phải được chia cùng thì với câu chủ động hoặc cùng dạng với Vm. - Trong câu bị động, bỏ [by + O] nếu O là me, you, us, them, him, her, it, someone, somebody, people TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. The simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) S + V (-s /es) S + am/is /are + Vpp 2. The present. Continuous (H.tại tiếp S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S+ am/is / are/ + being + Vpp diễn) 3. The present perfect ( H.tại hoàn thành) S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp 4. The simple past (Quá khứ đơn) S + V2/ V-ed S + was/ were + Vpp 11
12. 5. The past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp S + was/ were + V- ing S + was/ were + being+ Vpp diễn) 6. The past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành) S + had + Vpp S + had+ been + Vpp 7. The simple future ( tương lai đơn) S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp 8 S + Model + V-bareInf S + Model + be + Vpp Model: can, could, must, may, might, should, am going to . Ví dụ : They are painting the fence = The pence is being painted by them Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs today. = A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists today. The manager should sign these contracts. = These contracts should be signed by the manager. *Môtt số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt: 1. Causative form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” or “Get”. a. Have * Chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing) * Bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday. I had the roof repaired yesterday. b. Get * Chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing) * Bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + Vpp Ex: I will get her to cut my hair I will get my hair cut. 2. Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare, report, announce : * Chư động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2 + V + O) * Chủ động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause. Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to - inf Ex: - They said that John was the brightest student in class. It was said that John was the brightest student in class. John was said to be the brightest student in class. Nếu Verbs of Opinion ở thì hiện tại, mệnh đề được tường thuật ở quá khứ, ta dùng cấu trúc sau: * Chủ động: S1 + V of opinion + (that) + clause (S2+ V + O) * Bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( Vpp) + (that) + clause. or: S2 + be + V of opinion (Vpp) + to have Vpp Ex: They know that Mary won the competition. It is known that Mary won the competition Mary is known to have won the competition. 3. S (thing) + need + to be V pp Ex: These trees need to be watered every day or : S (thing) + need + V-ing These trees need watering every day Exercise 1:Change into passive voice: 1. The teacher always welcomes new students. ___ 2. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877. ___ 3. The police found two children in the forest. ___ 4. They will send your order as soon as possible. ___ 5. The scientists are studying the problem carefully. ___ 6. Pat Murphy was riding the horse. ___ 7. The police have just arrested the robbers. 12
13. ___ 8. They can use this room after 5p.m. ___ 9. They have to repair the engine of the car. → ___ 10 People must repair that old building. ___ 11. People don’t learn a foreign language in a short time. ___ 12. Did Henry write that book years ago ? ___ 13. I wasn’t introduced to any of the guests. ___ 14. You should place matches out of reach of children. ___ 15. People say that inflation is getting out of control. ___ Exercise 2: Choose the most correct answer: 1. The boy___ by the teacher yesterday. A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished 2. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ___,sir. They’re on your desk.” A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed 3. Today, many serious childhood diseases ___ by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 4. They had a boy ___ that yesterday. A. done B. to do C. did D. do 5. We get our mail ___ yesterday. A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver 6. My wedding ring ___ yellow and white gold. A. is made B. is making C. made D. make 7. If your brother ___ , he would come. A. invited B. were invited C. were inviting D. invite 8. Mr. Wilson is ___ as Willie to his friend. A. known B. knew C. is known D. know 9. References ___ in the examination room. A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used 10. Laura ___ in Boston. A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born 11. His car needs ___. A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed 12. Her watch needs ___. A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B 13. My mother is going ___ this house. A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell 14. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ___. A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following 15. Have you ___ by a dog? A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit 16. The room is being ___ at the moment. A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean 17. It ___ that the strike will end soon. A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected 18. It is ___ that many people are homeless after the floods. A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting 19. He was said ___ this building. A. designing B. to have designed C. to designs D. designed 13
14. 20. Ted ___ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden. A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung LESON 6. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN) 1. Điều kiện loại 1 : IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) Simple Future Simple Present S + will + V(inf) S + V[-e/es] S + will not + V(inf) S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf) Will + S + V(inf) ? Unless = if .not Ví dụ: Study hard or you will fail the exam. = Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam. = If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam. Ghi chú : - Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,) - Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ : không được viết Unless you don’t write) 2. Điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 : TYPE IF CLAUSE (Mệnh đề If) MAIN CLAUSE (Mệnh đề chính) Simple Past S + would / could + V(inf) Be were (was) II S + V-ed/2 S + wouldn’t / couldn’t +V(inf) S + didn’t + V(inf) Would / Could + S + V(inf) ? S + would / could have + V-ed/3 Past Perfect III S + had + V-ed/Vpp S + wouldn’t / couldn’t have + V-ed/3 S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp Would / Could + S + have + V-ed/3 ? Điều kiện loại 2 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại Điều kiện loại 3 : diễn tả một sự việc không có thật ở quá khứ Dạng bài tập : Biến đổi câu. Dựa vào tình huống (thường có 2 câu hoặc 2 mệnh đề) để xác định + 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân + 1 câu hoặc mệnh đề chỉ kết quả So Because Therefore + nguyên nhân + kết quả Because of As a result That’s why => Áp dụng trong câu điều kiện : If + (nguyên nhân) , (kết quả) Lưu ý : + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì hiện tại đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 2 + Nếu tình huống được cho ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta áp dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 + Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 là không có thật ở hiện tại nên cả hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện phải ở dạng phủ định của câu hoặc mệnh đề ban đầu. Ví dụ : He doesn’t hurry, so he misses the train (tình huống hiện tại loại 2) = If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train They don’t go camping because the weather is bad. (tình huống hiện tại loại 2) = If the weather weren’t bad, they would go camping. She stayed up late. That’s why she was ill. (tình huống quá khứ loại 3) = If she hadn’t stayed up late, she wouldn’t have been ill. ___ _ Exercise 1: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc: 1. I (be)___ angry if it turns out that you are wrong. 2. If he (finish)___ with the computer, I will put it away. 14
15. 3. If you leave now, you (be) ___ home in 2 hours. 4. You (have to) ___ finish writing it if you want to leave now. 5. If it (not rain)___ we will have the party outside. 6. If I (live)___ out of town, I would take up the garden. 7. I (not mind) ___ living in Sapa if the weather were better. 8. If Mr. Hai (be) ___ still a teacher, he wouldn’t permit such a bad behavior. 9. We would be fine if we (leave) ___ in the next ten minutes. 10. I’m homeless. If I (have)___ money now, I (buy) ___ a big house. 11. If we had missed the train yesterday, we (be) ___ late for the meeting. 12. It’s good that you reminded me about Ann’s birthday. I (forget) ___if you hadn’t reminded me. 13. The accident was your fault. If you had driven more carefully, it (not happen)___. 14. The view was wonderful. If I (have)___ a camera, I would have taken some photographs. 15. If you had told me you needed money, I (lend)___ you some. 16. If it (be) ___ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock. 17. If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) ___ him. 18. He (come) ___ if you waited. 19. If she had had your address, she (write) ___ to you. 20. We lost the match. If you (play) ___ for us, we (win) ___. 21. He (not, have) ___ an accident if he had not been driving so fast. 22. Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) ___ her. 23. If today (be) ___ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work. 24. If I became very rich, I (build ) ___ a hospital for the poor. 25. If you (ring) ___ the bell, the servant would come. Exercise 2: Chän ph­¬ng ¸n tèt nhÊt ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau 1. If I ___ the bus this afternoon, I will get a taxi instead. A. miss B. will miss C. missed D. had missed 2. `We’ll have to go without John if he ___ soon. A. won’t arrive B. will arrive C. arrives D. doesn’t arrive 3. If I make some coffee, ___ the cake? A. do you cut B. will you cut C. are you cutting D. don’t you cut 4. If you ___ your homework, I ___ you watch TV. A. won’t do/ let B. did/ won’t let C. don’t do/ won’t let D. won’t do/ don’t let 5. If you ___ this switch, the computer ___ on. A. press/ comes B. will press/ comes C. press/ can come D. have pressed/ will comes 6. ___ you, I would think twice about that decision. It could be a bad move. A. If I am B. should I be C. were I D. if I had been 7. “Would you like some cake?”- “no thanks. If I ___ cake, I ___ fat.” A. ate/ will get B. ate/ would get C. would eat/could get D. am eating/ will get 8. Pam broke her arm in the accident. It___ much worse if she hadn’t been wearing her seat belt. A. will be B. would have been C. was D. were 9. “My boss made me work overtime again.”_ “if I ___ you, I ___ my job.” A. were/ would have quit B. am/ will quit C. was/ must quit D. were/ would quit 10. “John went to the hospital alone.”- “Did he? If he___ me with him.” A. told/ would go B. told/ might have gone C. had told/ could go D. had told/ would have gone 11. “My car broke down when I was leaving London ”. – “___, we’d ___ you up.” A. if we had known/ pick B. had we known/ have picked C. if we’d known/ picked D. if we knew/ pick 12. “I don’t know whether to take that job or not”- “___ you, I ___ it. ” A. if I had been/ would have taken B. should I be/ will take C. if I were/would have taken D. were I/ would take 13. “ You look tired ”- “well, if you ___ me up in the middle of the night, I ___ so tired.” A. didn’t wake/ wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t be 15
16. C. hadn’t woken/ wouldn’t have been D. don’t wake/ won’t be 14. ___ resigned, we would have been forced to sack him. A. Had he not B. Hadn’t he C. He had not D. He not had 15. If you ___ me about the bad service, we’d have eaten there. A. didn’t tell B. wouldn’t have told C. hadn’t told D. had told 16. The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she ___ absent again tomorrow, class___ tomorrow, too. A. is/ will cancel B. is/ will be canceled C. was/ would be canceled D. was/ would cancel 17. If you ___ to my advice in the first place, you___ in this mess right now. A. listen/ won’t be B. had listened/ wouldn’t have been C. will listened/ wouldn’t be D. had listened/ wouldn’t be 18. If he ___ me, I’ll be ready to help him. A. ask B. will ask C. asks D. to ask 19. When winter comes, I ___ a new coat. A. buying B. buy C. will buy D. buys 20. What would Tom do if he ___ the truth? A. would know B. has know C. knows D. knew Exercise 3:Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died. 2. What (A)would happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water? 3. A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods 4. (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich. 5. (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position? 6. (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you. 7. If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you. 8. (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street. 9. My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money. 10. If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it. 11. (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home. 12. (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children. 13. We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not. 14. (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know. 15. If you hadn’t (A) left the car(B) unlocked, it (C) wouldn’t have(D) be stolen. LESON 7. RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ ) 1. Chức năng của các đại từ quan hệ : WHO : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOM : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người (làm tân ngữ) WHICH : thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật (làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ) WHOSE : thay thế cho một hình thức sở hữu (sở hữu cách, tính từ sở hữu, of ) WHERE : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn = (giới từ) + WHICH WHEN : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ thời gian = (giới từ) + WHICH WHY : thay thế cho một cụm giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do ( for + reason) 2. Quy tắt : + S (Danh từ chỉ người) + WHO + S + V (Danh từ chỉ người) + WHOM + S + V 16
17. + S + V (Danh từ chỉ vật) + WHICH + V + V (Danh từ) + WHOSE + noun + S + V (Danh từ chỉ nơi chốn) + WHERE + S + V (Danh từ chỉ thời gian) + WHEN + S + V Ví dụ : - The man gave me the money. He met me at the airport. The man who met me at the airport gave me the money. - This is the man. We saw him at the party yesreday. This is the man whom/ who we saw at the party yesterday. - The pencil belongs to me. It is in your pocket. The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me. - The car is very expensive. He bought it. The car which he bought is very expensive. - There is the man. His wallet was stolen. There is the man whose wallet was stolen. - The tree should be cut down. The branches of the tree are dead. The tree whose branches are dead should be cut down. - That is the village. I live in the village. That is the village where I live. Lưu ý : Có 02 loại mệnh đề quan hệ: * Defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) : đối với loại mệnh đề này, ta có thể dùng THAT thay thế cho WHO, WHOM hoặc WHICH - The man who/ that met me at the airport gave me the money. - The pencil which/ that is in your pocket belongs to me. * Non-defining clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) : loại mệnh đề này thường đứng sau một danh từ riêng và phải có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính, không được sử dụng THAT để thay thế - Shakespeare, who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”, died in 1616. - Vietnam, which lies in Southeast Asia, is rich in coal. Exercise 1: Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau: 1) What’s the name of the man___? A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed 2) Colin told me about his job,___ very much. A. that he’s enjoying B. which he’s enjoying C. he’s enjoying D. he’s enjoying it 3) Sheila couldn’t come to the party, ___ was a pity. A. that B. it C. what D. which 4) Some of the people ___ to the party can’t come. A. inviting B. invited C. who invited D. they were invited 5) Do you know the woman ___ lives next door? A. she B. who C. whom D. her 6) They are never on time, can’t be explained A. who B. that C. what D. which 7) A pensioner is someone ___ no longer works and gets money from the state. A. whom B. whose C. which D. that 8) The man ___ answered the telephone told me you were away. A. whom B. he C. who D. what 9) Some people ___ were arrested, have now been released. A. that B. which C. whom D. X 10) They give their children everything ___ they want. A. what B. x C. who D. how 11) Tell me ___ you want and I’ll try to get it for you. 17
18. A. that B. how C. what D. A and C 12) The women ___ he fell in love left him after a few weeks. A. with whom B. who C. to whom D. for whom 13) Do you still remember the day ___ we first met? A. where B. whom C. which D. when 14) I don’t know the name of the woman ___ I spoke on the phone. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. to that 15) This school is often for children ___ first language is not English. A. who B. that C. whose D. X 16) Fortunately we had a map, ___we would have got lost. A. no which B. without which C. none that D. without that 17) They asked me a lot of questions, ___ I couldn’t answer. A. all of whom B. that C. all of which D. who 18) The secretary was the only people ___ by the traffic chaos. A. delay B. delayed C. who delayed D. whom delayed 19) An obstacle is something, ___ your way. A. blocked B. to block C. that is blocked D. which is blocking 20) ___ I really need is a long holiday. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who Exercise 2 : Write who, that, which, where, when, or why or nothing to complete these sentences : 1/ Have you got the money ___ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, ___ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party. 3/ This is the machine ___ cost half a million pounds. 4/ Mary, ___ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry. 5/ Have you read the book ___ I gave you ? 6/ The house, ___ they bought three months ago, looks lovely. 7/ Mrs.Jackson, ___ had been very ill, died yesterday. 8/ Is this the person ___ stole your handbag ? 9/ The dog, ___ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking. 10/ I didn’t receive the letters ___ she sent me. 11/ My mother, ___ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised. 12/ The old man, ___ had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building. 13/ The horse, ___ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened. 14/ We didn’t like the secetary ___ the agency sent. 15/ I didn’t find the money ___ you said you’d left. 16/ We visited the school ___ my father taught. 17/ I met her last month, ___ she came to our house. 18/ We all looked at the place ___ the fire had started. 19/ Did they tell you the reason ___ they were late? 20/ The cat sat on the wall ___ it had a good view of the birds. Exercise 3: Chän mét lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau: 1. On the way home, we saw a lot of men, women, and dogs which were playing in the park. A B C D 2. The man whom remained in the office was the manager. A B C D 3. This novel, which written by a well known writer, should be read. A B C D 4. My friend George, that arrived late, was not permitted to enter the class. A B C D 5. This is the only place which we can obtain scientific information. A B C D 6. Chemistry is one branch of science on that most of the industries depend. A B C D 7. 1975 is the year in when the revolution took place. 18
19. A B C D 8. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today. A B C D 9. The hotel where we stay in last year was excellent. A B C D 10. At last they found the woman and her cat which were badly injured by the fire. A B C D LESON 8: PREPOSITIONS- ARTICLES I. Prepositions - Giíi tõ lµ tõ dïng ®Ó chØ mèi quan hÖ gi÷a danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ víi mét tõ kh¸c trong c©u. - Giíi tõ lu«n ®i tr­íc mét danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ vµ c¸c danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ ®ã gäi lµ t©n ng÷ cña giíi tõ. - §¹i tõ n»m sau giíi tõ lu«n ph¶i ë h×nh thøc t©n ng÷: him, her - §éng tõ ®øng sau giíi tõ lu«n ë h×nh thøc Danh ®éng tõ( Ving) A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places. 1. AT: a. For time: - at 4 o’clock, at 5 pm - at last/ first - at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment - at Christmas, at Easter - at present - at once - at weekends - at the age of - at the same time - at sunset/ sunrise b. For places: - at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside - at the corner of the street - at the grocer’ s, at the doctor’s - at the shop - at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page - at the biginning of/ at the end of: vµo lóc ®Çu/ cuèi - ( To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station. 2. IN: a. For time: - In ®­îc dïng tr­íc n¨m, th¸ng, mïa, buæi ( trõ at night, at noon). eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning. - In time: ®óng giê. b. For places: - In: ë trong in the living room/ in the box. - In ®­îc dïng tr­íc c¸c thµnh phè, ®Êt n­íc, miÒn, ph­¬ng h­íng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the east - in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather - in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German - in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time( in 2 days) - in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo - in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end:( cuèi cïng) - in love with 3. ON. a. For time: - On ®­îc dïng tr­íc thø ( ngµy trong tuÇn) eg. on Sunday 19
20. - On ®­îc dïng tr­íc ngµy th¸ng eg. on August 12th - On time : ®óng giê( chÝnh x¸c) - On Christmas day - On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour - On the occasion of: nh©n dÞp b. For places: - On : ë trªn eg. on the table - on the phone - On horseback: trªn l­ng ngùa - on a diet - On foot : b»ng ch©n( ®i bé) - on fire - On TV / on radio - on the left/ right - On the beach - on the 1st floor 4. BY. - By ®­îc dïng trong c©u bÞ ®éng nghÜa lµ ‘bëi’. - By ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ ph­¬ng tiÖn ®i l¹i( by bike, by car ) - By the time : tr­íc khi - By chance : t×nh cê - Learn by heart: häc thuéc lßng 5. TO: - TO th­êng ®­îc dïng sau ®éng tõ GO( go to the cinema nh­ng GO HOME). - TO th­êng ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù di chuyÓn : My father takes me to the cinema. Marry invited me to her birthday party. 6. INTO: - INTO cã nghÜa lµ vµo trong, ®­îc dïng sau c¸c ®éng tõ : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( r¬i ng·), JUMP( nh¶y), COME eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river and swim, come into the house - INTO cßn ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù thay ®æi cña ®iÒu kiÖn hoÆc kÕt qu¶: The rain changed into snow. 7. OUT OF: ra khái. eg. He came out of the house. / He is looking out of the window. 8. WITH: - With: cã nghÜa lµ cã, mang, cïng: eg. A girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets. - With ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét c«ng cô, ph­¬ng tiÖn. He’s writing with a pen - With ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù liªn hÖ hoÆc ®ång hµnh, cã nghÜa ‘ cïng víi’ I’m living with my parents. - With cßn cã nghÜa lµ ‘ víi’ Do you agree with me? 9. UNDER: 20
21. - Under: cã nghÜa lµ ë d­íi, ®Ó chØ vÞ trÝ phÝa d­íi mét vËt. eg. The cat is under the table. - Under cßn cã nghÜa lµ Ýt h¬n, thÊp h¬n. - Children under fourteen years of age shouldn’t see such a film. II. Articles MẠO TỪ A, An, The: Mạo tõ a (an) vµ the 1- a vµ an an - ®­îc dïng: - Tr­íc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®­îc b¾t ®Çu b»ng 4 nguyªn ©m (vowel) a, e, i, o - Hai b¸n nguyªn ©m u, y - C¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng h c©m. vÝ dô: u : an uncle. h : an hour - HoÆc tr­íc c¸c danh tõ viÕt t¾t ®­îc ®äc nh­ 1 nguyªn ©m. VÝ dô: an L- plate, an SOS, an MP a : ®­îc dïng: - tr­íc 1 danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m (consonant). - dïng tr­íc mét danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng uni : a university, a uniform, a universal, a union. - tr­íc 1 danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®­îc, tr­íc 1 danh tõ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ mÆt ®Æc ®iÓm, tÝnh chÊt, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®­îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn ®Çu trong c©u. - ®­îc dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ sè l­îng nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô : a lot of, a couple, a dozen, a great many, a great deal of. - dïng tr­íc nh÷ng sè ®Õm nhÊt ®Þnh, ®Æc biÖt lµ chØ hµng tr¨m, hµng ngµn. VÝ dô: a hundred, a thousand. - tr­íc half khi nã theo sau 1 ®¬n vÞ nguyªn vÑn. VÝ dô: a kilo and a half vµ còng cã thÓ ®äc lµ one and a half kilos. Chó ý: 1/2 kg = half a kilo ( kh«ng cã a tr­íc half). - dïng tr­íc half khi nã ®i víi 1 danh tõ kh¸c t¹o thµnh tõ ghÐp. VÝ dô : a half-holiday nöa kú nghØ, a half-share : nöa cæ phÇn. - dïng tr­íc c¸c tû sè nh­ 1/3, 1 /4, 1/5, = a third, a quarter, a fifth hay one third, one fourth, one fifth . - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ chØ gi¸ c¶, tèc ®é, tû lÖ. VÝ dô: five dolars a kilo; four times a day. - Dïng trong c¸c thµnh ng÷ tr­íc c¸c danh tõ sè Ýt ®Õm ®­îc, dïng trong c©u c¶m th¸n. VÝ dô: Such a long queue! What a pretty girl! 21
22. Nh­ng: such long queues! What pretty girls. - a cã thÓ ®­îc ®Æt tr­íc Mr/Mrs/Miss + tªn hä (surname): VÝ dô: a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith. a Mr Smith nghÜa lµ ‘ ng­êi ®µn «ng ®­îc gäi lµ Smith’ vµ ngô ý lµ «ng ta lµ ng­êi l¹ ®èi víi ng­êi nãi. Cßn nÕu kh«ng cã a tøc lµ ng­êi nãi biÕt «ng Smith. 2- The - §­îc sö dông khi danh tõ ®­îc x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ vÒ tÝnh chÊt, ®Æc ®iÓm, vÞ trÝ hoÆc ®­îc nh¾c ®Õn lÇn thø 2 trong c©u. - The + noun + preposition + noun. VÝ dô : the girl in blue; the man with a banner; the gulf of Mexico; the United States of America. - The + danh tõ + ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + mÖnh ®Ò phô VÝ dô: the boy whom I met; the place where I met him. - Tr­íc 1 danh tõ ngô ý chØ mét vËt riªng biÖt. VÝ dô: She is in the garden. - The + tÝnh tõ so s¸nh bËc nhÊt hoÆc sè tõ thø tù hoÆc only way. VÝ dô : The first week; the only way. - The + dt sè Ýt t­îng tr­ng cho mét nhãm thó vËt hoÆc ®å vËt th× cã thÓ bá the vµ ®æi danh tõ sang sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: The whale = Whales, the shark = sharks, the deep-freeze = deep - freezes. Nh­ng ®èi víi danh tõ man (chØ loµi ng­êi) th× kh«ng cã qu¸n tõ (a, the) ®øng tr­íc. VÝ dô: if oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse. - The + danh tõ sè Ýt chØ thµnh viªn cña mét nhãm ng­êi nhÊt ®Þnh. VÝ dô: the small shopkeeper is finding life increasingly difficult. - The + adj ®¹i diÖn cho 1 líp ng­êi, nã kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu nh­ng ®­îc coi lµ 1 danh tõ sè nhiÒu vµ ®éng tõ sau nã ph¶i ®­îc chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè nhiÒu. VÝ dô: the old = ng­êi giµ nãi chung; The disabled = nh÷ng ng­êi tµn tËt; The unemployed = nh÷ng ng­êi thÊt nghiÖp. - Dïng tr­íc tªn c¸c khu vùc, vïng ®· næi tiÕng vÒ mÆt ®Þa lý hoÆc lÞch sö. VÝ dô: The Shahara. The Netherlands. The Atlantic. - The + East / West/ South/ North + noun. 22
23. VÝ dô: the East/ West end. The North / South Pole. Nh­ng kh«ng ®­îc dïng the tr­íc c¸c tõ chØ ph­¬ng h­íng nµy, nÕu nã ®i kÌm víi tªn cña mét khu vùc ®Þa lý. VÝ dô: South Africal, North Americal, West Germany. - The + tªn c¸c ®å hîp x­íng, c¸c dµn nh¹c cæ ®iÓn, c¸c ban nh¹c phæ th«ng. VÝ dô: the Bach choir, the Philadenphia Orchestra, the Beatles. - The + tªn c¸c tê b¸o lín/ c¸c con tÇu biÓn/ khinh khÝ cÇu. VÝ dô: The Titanic, the Time, the Great Britain. - The + tªn hä ë sè nhiÒu cã nghÜa lµ gia ®×nh hä nhµ VÝ dô: the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and their children) hay cßn gäi lµ gia ®×nh nhµ Smith. - The + Tªn ë sè Ýt + côm tõ/ mÖnh ®Ò cã thÓ ®­îc sö dông ®Ó ph©n biÖt ng­êi nµy víi ng­êi kh¸c cïng tªn. VÝ dô: We have two Mr Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter. A. Prepositions Exercise 1: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. When studying abroad, Mary was very happy to get a phone call ___ her parents. A. to B. for C. of D. from 2. Why don’t we stay ___ home ___ a change? A. from/ as B. at / with C. at / for D. at/ on 3. A horse is always mounted ___ the left side. A. on B. to C. from D. at 4. What would you like to have ___ lunch? A. at B. in C. for D. of 5. Surgeons use lasers ___ miraculously accurate scalpels. A. for B. as C. of D. with 6. The Medical Center is close___ the school. A. to B. at C. next D. from 7. Once scientists fully understand the cause ___ a disease, it becomes easier for them to find a cure ___ it. A. of / of B. of / from C. from / in D. of / for 8. There is a shop ___ front ___ my house. A. at / in B. out / next C. in / of D. of / in 9. He jumped ___ until the stinging return to his feet. A. on and off B. out and in C. down and up D. up and down 10. The only way ___ cross the river is ___ swim. A. to / to B. of / by C. on / to D. in / by 11. The summer is over. Pupils and students have to go ___ to school on Monday. A. back B. on C. through D. into 12. He threw stones ___ his attackers, trying to drive them ___. A. to / out B. for / up C. at / away D. at / up 13. The medical center is close ___ the campus. A. to B. up C. for D. with 14. I haven’t gone there ___ ages. 23
24. A. with B. in C. for D. of 15. Most college football games are played ___ Saturdays. A. at B. in C. with D. on 16. Leaves turn color ___ the autumn. A. for B. on C. at D. in 17. ___ the whole, I enjoy the movie. A. On B. In C. At D. Up 18. She’ll come home ___ April. A. on B. in C. at D. for 19. The art museum is located next ___ the museum of natural history on State Street. A. to B. for C. on D. with 20. Minh was born___ Ho Chi Minh city. A. on B.at C.in D. up B. Articles Exercise 1: Put a/ an/ the in each space, or leave the space blank: 1.We went by ___ train to ___ west of England. 2.___ who live in ___ Netherlands are called Dutch. 3.___ judge sent me to ___ prison for ___ ten years. 4.___ Columbus was one of ___ people to cross ___ Atlantic. 5.As ___ captain of ___ ship, I have ___ complete authority. 6.David learned to play ___ violin when he was at ___ university. 7.___ Trafalgar Square is near ___ Charing Cross Station. 8.Did you read ___ book I lent you ___ last week? 9.We’ll put up ___ shelves and then go to ___ café for something to eat. 10.Is that ___ present Bill gave you for ___ Christmas. Exercise 2: Choose the best option to complete the following sentences 1. My mother goes to church in ___ morning. A. x B. every C. the D. a 2. I eat ___orange everyday. A. an B. orange C. the orange s D. any orange 3. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at ___ sea. A. a B. an C. the D. X 4. There are billions of stars in ___ space. A. a B. an C. X D. the 5. He tried to park his car but ___ space wasn’t big enough. A. the B. a C. an D. X 6. Can you turn off ___ television, please? A. the B. a C. an D. X 7. We had ___ dinner in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. x D. the 8. We had ___ meal in a restaurant. A. a B. an C. the D. X 9. Thank you. That was ___ very nice lunch. A. a B. an C. the D. X 10. ___rose is my favourite color. A. a B. an C. the D. X LESON 9: Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs. I. Adjectives and Adverbs. 24
25. 1. Adjectives: * Positions: - Adj. + N . beautiful hat. - be/ seem/ appear/ feel/ taste/ look/ keep + Adj. He seems tired now. - be/ seem/ look/ taste + too + Adj. He is too young to drive a motorbike. - be + Adj + enough . She is tall enough to play volleyball. - be/ seem/ look/ taste/ smell/ + so + Adj. + that. The story is so interesting that I can’t put it down. - How + Adj. + S + V. How beautiful the girl is. Notes: TrËt tù tõ cña tÝnh tõ: - TÝnh tõ chØ c¶m nghÜ ®øng tr­íc tÝnh tõ miªu t¶: an interesting young man. - §«i khi chóng ta dïng hai hay nhiÒu tÝnh tõ miªu t¶ trong mét c©u, th× trËt tù cña chóng ®­îc s¾p xÕp nh­ sau: Sè l­îng + ChÊt l­îng + KÝch th­íc + Tuæi t¸c + Mµu s¾c + XuÊt xø( quèc gia)+ ChÊt liÖu + NOUN. eg. a beautiful old French picture. - TÝnh tõ chØ kÝch th­íc vµ chiÒu dµi( big, tall, long ) th­êng ®i tr­íc tÝnh tõ chØ h×nh d¸ng vµ chiÒu réng( round, fat, wide ). eg. a long narrow street. - Khi cã hai hoÆc h¬n hai tÝnh tõ chØ mµu s¾c,ta dïng liªn tõ ‘and’. eg.a red, white and green flag. 2. Adverbs: lµ nh÷ng tõ dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ tÝnh c¸ch, ®Æc tÝnh, møc ®é, tr¹ng th¸i vµ ®­îc dïng ®Ó bæ nghÜa cho ®éng tõ, tÝnh tõ, tr¹ng tõ kh¸c hoÆc cho c¶ c©u. * Positions: - V(trî ®éng tõ) + Adv. + V (th­êng). I have recently finished my homework. - be/ feel/ look/ + Adv + Adj. I feel completely interested in this book. - V (th­êng) + too + Adv. He studied too lazily to pass his exam. - V (th­êng) + so + Adv. + that. Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. - S + V ( + O) + Adv. He drives carefully. - V (th­êng) + Adv. + enough. He worked hard enough to succeed. - Adv. còng cã thÓ ®øng mét m×nh ë ®Çu c©u( hoÆc gi÷a c©u gi÷a hai dÊu “,”) Suddenly, he heard a strange voice. II. Degrees of comparison of Adj. and Adv. 1. Equal dgree: S + V + as + Adj/ Adv + as + N/ Pronoun. eg. He is as tall as his father. / Mai is as beautiful as her mother. - Cã thÓ thay ‘as’ b»ng ‘so’ trong c©u phñ ®Þnh. S + Be not + as/so +Adj + as N/ Pronoun. S + do/ does not +as/so + Adv+ eg. Your pen is not so expensive as mine. - Cã thÓ diÔn ®¹t ý b»ng nhau, nh­ nhau: S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun). eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his. Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age. 25
26. 2. Comparative degree: a. Short Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + short Adj/Adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun. eg. Today is hotter than yesterday./ He runs faster than I do. -TÝnh tõ 1 ©m tiÕt tËn cïng lµ phô ©m ®¬n ( trõ w, x, z) ®øng tr­íc mét nguyªn ©m ®¬n th× gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi + er. big-bigger - TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt cã tËn cïng lµ : y, le, er, ow, et + er. quieter, cleverer, narrower - TÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt nh­ng kÕt thóc b»ng mét phô ©m +y, ®æi ‘y’ thµnh ‘i’ + er. happier. - So s¸nh h¬n cã thÓ ®­îc nhÊn m¹nh b»ng c¸ch céng thªm ‘much’ hoÆc ‘far’. S + V + far/ much + sh.Adj/ Adv + er + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Today is much hotter than yesterday. b. Long Adjectives/ Adverbs: S + V + more long Adj/ Adv + than + Noun/Pronoun. eg. This chair is more comfortable than the other. He speaks English more fluently than I do. -NhÊn m¹nh : S + V + far/ much + more + long Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. Hoa’s watch is much/ far more expensive than mine. He reads much more rapidly than his brother. -So s¸nh kÐm h¬n: S + V + less Adj/ Adv than noun/ pronoun. eg. My TV is less beautiful than yours. He drives less carefully than I think. 3.Superlative degree: S + V + the + sh.Adj/Adv + est + in( danh tõ ®Õm ®­îc sè Ýt) + the most + long Adj/ Adv + of( danh tõ ®Õm ®­îc sè nhiÒu) + least + Adj/ Adv eg. He is the tallest in my class. Nga is the most inteligent of all the students. Those shoes are the least expensive of all. Note: - good/ well better the best - bad/ badly worse the worst - many/ much more the most - little less the least - far farther the farthest(vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) further the furthest( vÒ thêi gian) - near nearer the nearest(vÒ kho¶ng c¸ch) the next( vÒ thø tù) - late later the latest( vÒ thêi gian) the last( vÒ thø tù) - old older the oldest( vÒ tuæi t¸c) elder the eldest( vÒ cÊp bËc h¬n lµ tuæi t¸c) 4. So s¸nh kÐp( double comparatives): a. Cµng ngµy cµng, mçi lóc mét h¬n. * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: Adj + ER and Adj + er. The weather gets warmer and warmer * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: more and more + Adj. She becomes more and more beautiful. b. Cµng ngµy cµng Ýt , cµng ngµy cµng kÐm : less and less + Adj. eg. He is less and less hard-working. c. Cµng th× cµng * Víi tÝnh tõ ng¾n: The adj. + er , the adj. + er. 26
27. eg. The darker it gets, the colder it is. * Víi tÝnh tõ dµi: The more adj , the more adj eg. The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is. * Víi ®éng tõ: the more , the more The more you learn, the more you forget. Note: NhiÒu khi hai vÕ kh«ng cïng mét lo¹i tÝnh tõ dµi hay ng¾n nh­ng cã thÓ sö dông lÉn lén víi nhau.( hoÆc vÕ tr­íc tÝnh tõ, vÕ sau ®éng tõ hoÆc ng­îc l¹i ) eg. The more she smiles, the more graceful she is. d. Cµng Ýt , th× cµng Ýt Cµng kÐm , th× cµng kÐm * Víi tÝnh tõ: The less + adj , the less + adj. eg. The less difficult the lessons are, the less hard-working the students. * Víi ®éng tõ : the less , the less The less I live with him, the less I like him. 5. Nh÷ng c¸ch nãi kh¸c cã tÝnh c¸ch so s¸nh. a. Other than : kh¸c. I want to read other novels than these. b. Rather than: h¬n lµ. We want to be poor rather than rich. c. Had better: nªn You’d better stay at home than go fishing. d. Had rather hoÆc Would rather: thÝch h¬n .We’d rather watch a film than read a book. 6. Danh tõ còng cã thÓ ®­îc dïng trong so s¸nh: S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun. hoÆc S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun. eg. He earns as much money as his brother. I have more books than she does. Exercise 1:Choose the best option to complete the following sentences: 1. No one else in the class plays the guitar ___ John. A. as well B. as far as C. so well as D. as soon as 2. The town was nearer ___ we thought it would be. A. then B. that C. as D. than 3. The economic conditions today are ___ they were in the past. A. much more good B. much better than C. much better D. the best than 4. Peter is ___ student in my class. A. taller than B. so tall as C. the tallest D. tallest 5. The deep oceans contain some of the ___ of all living creatures. A. strangest B. strange C. as strange as D. stranger 6. Jane is not ___ her brother. A. more intelligent as B. intelligent as C. so intelligent as D. so intelligent that 7. He drives as ___ his father does. A. careful as B. more carefully C. the most careful D. carefully as 8. What’s the ___ film you’ve ever seen. A. good B. best C. better D. the best 9. I’ll be there ___ I can. A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as 10. Mr. Lam cannot earn ___ his wife. A. as many money as B. as much money as C. as many money than D. as much money than 27
28. 11. I like English ___ French. A. than B. more C. less D. better than 12. My car is ___ yours. A. more fast and economical than B. more fast and more economical than C. faster and economical as D. faster and more economical than 13. Of the two sisters, Linda ___ . A. is beautiful B. the most beautiful C. is more beautiful D. is so beautiful as 14. The lab is ___ from the bus stop than the library. A. far B. farther C. furthur D. B and C 15. The ___ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Freeway. A. badest B.most bad C. worse D. worst 16. He finished the test ___ of all. A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. most rapidly D. more rapidly 17. Many chemicals react ___ in acid solutions. A. more quick B. more quickly C. quicklier D. as quickly more 18. It’s becoming ___ to find a job. A. more difficult and more B. more and more difficult C. most and more difficult D. more difficult than 19. ___ electricity you use, ___ your bill will be. A. the more / the higher B. the most / the higher C. the more / the high D. more / higher 20. The more I got to know Tom, ___ I liked him. A. least B. the less C. the least D. the fewer Exercise 2: Chän mét lçi sai trong nh÷ng c©u sau: 1. “Tomorrow Never Die” is one of the more exciting films. A B C D 2. Most babies will grow up to be as cleverer as their parents. A B C D 3. New York is the larger of all American cities. A B C D 4. The new models are not only less expensive but also the more efficient. A B C D 5. The more they advertise, the least expensive things are. A B C D 6. The problem is the more serious because there has been no relevant solution up to now. A B C D 7. The more he earns, the most happy he is. A B C D 8. Nam plays the piano better than I am. A B C D 9. Mary looks more prettier than she used to be. A B C D 10. Jim has failed the examination. He is the baddest in our class. A B C D LESON 10: Phrasal verbs MÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ , lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®i kÌm víi mét hoÆc hai tõ( mét tr¹ng tõ hoÆc mét giíi tõ). Víi mçi tr¹ng tõ ®i kÌm th× mÖnh ®Ò ®éng tõ sÏ mang mét ý nghÜa kh¸c nhau. Vd: -Look! There is a cat! -My mother looks after carefull. Cã bèn lo¹i côm ®éng tõ kh¸c nhau: 28
29. 1. Lo¹i 1: §éng tõ ®i víi mét t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ . NÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét danh tõ, nã cã thÓ ®øng tr­íc hoÆc ®øng sau tr¹ng tõ. Tuy nhiªn, nÕu t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp lµ mét ®¹i tõ th× nã ph¶i ®øng tr­íc ®¹i tõ. C«ng thøc: V + Adverb +O Vd:look up, bring (sb) up, let(sb) down, make up, put off, put on, take off, take away, try on, turn down, work out, turn on, turn off 2. Lo¹i 2: §éng tõ ®i víi mét giíi tõ vµ mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ ngo¹i ®éng tõ. §èi víi nh÷ng côm ®éng tõ nµy kh«ng ®­îc t¸ch rêi hai phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc: V +preposition +O V d. She looks after h er children properly 3. Lo¹i 3: ®éng tõ kh«ng ®i víi bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp- ®©y lµ néi ®éng tõ. Ta kh«ng ®­îc t¸ch rêi hai phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ. C«ng thøc: V + Adverb Vd: break down , break up, get away, get by, go down, hold on, pass away, pass out, set off/ set out, stand out, take off 4. LoaÞ 4: ®éng tõ bao gåm c¶ tr¹ng tõ vµ giíi tõ. Chóng lu«n cÇn mét bæ ng÷ trùc tiÕp. Ta kh«ng ®­îc t¸ch rêi c¸c phÇn cña côm ®éng tõ nµy. . C«ng thøc: V + Adverb + preposition +O Vd:catch up with, come up against, come up with, face up to, fall in with, get along/on with, get out of, look up to, make up for, put up with, run out of, stand up for, stand up to Some common Phrasal verbs Verb Preposition Synonym ( Ngh ĩa) call back return a telephone call Gọi lại ( điện thoại) call off cancel Hủy bỏ call on ask to speak in class Gọi phát biểu ý kiến call up make a telephone call Gọi điện thoại do over do again Làm lại figure out find the solution to a problem Tìm giải pháp fill in complete a sentence by writing in a blank Điền vào fill up fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc. Đổ đầy, làm đầy find out discover information Tìm ra, phát hiện ra get in enter a car, a taxi Lên xe, tax i get off leave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Xuống xe buýt, máy bay get on enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle Lên xe get over recover from an illness Bình phục, khỏi ốm give back return something to someone Trả lại give up quit doing something or quit trying Từ bỏ, bỏ 29
30. go off explode Phát nổ hand in give homework, tests, papers, etc., to a teacher Nộp bài kiểm tra, bài thi hand out give something to this person, then that person, then another person,. Phân phát 1. hang on a hanger or a hook; Treo hang up 2. end a telephone call Kết thúc cuộc gọi đt keep on continue Tiếp tục leave out omit Bỏ sót, bỏ qua look up look for information in a reference book Tra cứu( từ,kiến thức ) make up invent Phát minh pay back return money to someone Trả lai tiền cho ai pick up Lift Đón put off Postpone Hoãn lại put on put clothes on one's body Mặc quần áo put out extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette, a cigar Dập tắt ( Lửa, thuốc lá ) run into meet by chance Tình cờ gặp shut off stop a machine or light, turn off Đóng ,tắt start over start again Khởi động lại take off remove clothes from one's body Tháo, cởi quần áo tear up tear into small pieces Xé ra từng mảnh nhỏ throw away/out put in the trash Vứt bỏ try on put on clothing to see if it fits Thử ( quần áo ) turn down decrease the volume Vặn nhỏ âm thanh turn off stop a machine or a light, shut off Tắt ( đèn, máy móc ) turn on begin a machine or a light Bật đèn, máy móc turn up increase the volume Vặn to âm thanh Exercise1:Chän ph­¬ng ¸n ®óng ®Ó hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau: 1. We are looking forward ___ you again soon. A. to see B. to seeing C. saw D. have seen 2. My mother was afraid to let the boy ___ the tree. A. to risk climbing B. to risk to climb C. risk climbing D. risk to climb 3. I remember ___ but he said I did not. A. to buy him a book B. buy him a book C. buying him a book D. to have bought him a book 4. Remember ___ john a present . today is his birthday. A. send B. to send C. sent D. sending 5. I suggest ___ some more mathematical puzzles. A. do B. to do C. doing D. done 6. Would you mind ___ the door? A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 7. You should give up ___ or you will die of cancer. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 8. The driver stopped ___ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 9. That old man tried to stop ___ because of his bad health. A. smoke B. smokes C. smoked D. smoking 10. There is nothing prevent us from___ the mystery of that palace. A. discover B. discovery C. discovering D. discoveries 11. Mr. Thomas does not allow people___ in his office. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoked D. smoking 30
31. 12. We are not allowed ___ in that restricted area. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. to entered 13. You had better ___ at home until you feel better. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed 14. The machine needs___ . A. B and C are correct B. to be repaired C. repairing D. to repair 15. I couldn’t help ___ when I heard the story. A. laughing B. to laugh C. laughed D.laugh 16. Peter usually help his mother ___. A. to do housework B. do housework C. with housework D.all are correct 17. She used that money ___ a new car. A.buy B. buying C. to buy D. for buying 18. Can you manage___ ___ the report in the morning? A. finishing / to write B. to finish / writing C. finishing / writing D. to finish / to write 19. Rex hotel was the best place for us ___. A. stays B. staying C. to stay D. stay 20. You can’t stop me from ___ what I want. A. doing B. do C. to do D. that I do LESSON 11: conjunctions- Adverbial clauses of time I. conjunctions 1. so: cã nghÜa lµ ‘v× vËy’, liªn tõ nµy ®øng tr­íc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu hiÖn vÕ thø hai lµ kÕt qu¶ t¸c ®éng cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh­ sau: Clause 1, so + clause 2 Vd: Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything. But: cã nghÜa lµ’nh­ng’ liªn tõ nay ®øng tr­íc vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u ghÐp, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ng­îc víi ý nghÜa cña vÕ c©u thø nhÊt. C«ng thøc dïng nh­ sau: Clause 1, but + clause 2 Vd: I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed. 3. However: cã nghÜa lµ’Tuy nhiªn’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, biÓu thÞ ý nghÜa tr¸i ng­îc víi ý nghÜa cña tr­íc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong tr­êng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm phÈy vµ ®øng tr­íc dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc dïng nh­ sau: Sentence 1. However, sentence 2. Clause 1; however, clause 2. Vd: -Studying English is not easy. However, it is benificial - Studying English is not easy; however, it is benificial 31
32. 4. Therefore: cã nghÜa lµ’v× vËy’ liªn tõ nµy ®øng ë ®Çu mét c©u, mang ý nghÜa chØ kÕt qu¶ cña hµnh ®éng trong c©u tr­íc ®ã vµ ng¨n c¸ch víi vÕ c©u ®i sau b»ng dÊu phÈy.Ngoµi ra nã cã thÓ lµ tõ nèi gi÷a hai vÕ c©u trong mét c©u phøc. Trong tr­êng hîp nµy nã sÏ ®i sau dÊu chÊm phÈy vµ ®øng tr­íc dÊu phÈy. C«ng thøc dïng nh­ sau: Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2. Clause 1; therefore, clause 2. Vd: -He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam. -He didn’t study hard; therefore, he failed the exam. 5. Sù kh¸c nhau gi÷a but vµ however; gi÷a so vµ therefore *but vµ however chØ sù ®èi lËp . Tuy nhiªn but kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë ®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc. *so vµ therefore chØ kÕt qu¶ .Tuy nhiªn so kh«ng thÓ ®øng ®Çu c©u mµ chØ cã thÓ ®øng ë ®Çu vÕ thø hai trong mét c©u phøc. II: Adverbial clause of time * MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian ®ãng vai trß t­¬ng ®­¬ng víi tr¹ng ng÷ cña c©u. MÖnh ®Ò nµy kh«ng thÓ ®øng mét m×nh mµ ph¶i lu«n ®i kÌm víi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh. *MÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian th­êng b¾t ®Çu víi c¸c tõ sau: 1. When (khi) - When I was watching TV, it began to rain. 2. While ( trong khi) - While Tommy was having a bath, the telephone rang. 3. As ( khi) - As I was watching TV, it began to rain. 4. As soon as ( ngay khi) - As soon as I finish reading this book, I will return it to you. 5. Until ( cho ®Õn khi) - Please wait for me until I come back. 6. Before ( tr­íc khi) - You must remember to turn all lights off before you go out. 7. After ( sau khi ) - After my parents have dinner, they often watch TV till late at night. 8. Since ( tõ khi) - Since I move here, I have never met my next-door neiboor 9. As long as: (l©u chõng nµo) - You can stay here as long as you want to. NOTE: * Ng­êi ta kh«ng dïng th× t­¬ng lai trong mÖnh ®Ò chØ thêi gian.Khi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh cã ®éng tõ ë th× t­¬ng lai th× trong mÖnh phô chØ thêi gian, ng­êi ta sÏ dïng: - Th× HTHT thay v× dïng th× TLHT. - Th× HT§ thay v× dïng th× TL§ * Sau As vµ While ta hay dïng ®éng tõ th× tiÕp diÔn. Exercise1:Underline the correct option in each of the following sentences: 1. The school boy are in a hurry (not to/ in order not to) miss their school bus. 32
33. 2. They were talking in whispers (so that/ so as) nobody could hear them. 3. My mother needs a tin opener(to open/ for opening) the bottles. 4. Advice is given (in order that / in order to) students can choose the best course. 5. You may put your money in a small coin bank (so that/ in order to) keep it safe. Exercise2: Fill each blank with BUT – SO – HOWEVER – THEREFORE where appropriate : 1. You could fly via Singapore, , this isn’t the only way. 2.The boy was able to learn English , he is very lazy. 3.He didn’t attend the lesson , he could not do his homework. 4.The rice is 5000 dong per kilo, we bought 10 kilos. 5.Your son is heading the right direction, I think you should encourage him to learn harder. 6.It was midnight, the restaurant was still open. 7.It was midnight, they closed the restaurant and went home. 8.He had written her many times , but she didn’t give any reply , they had been out of touch ever since. 9.We discussed the issue all day, we couldn’t come to a final conclusion. 10.It started to rain hard , we decided to stay at home to watch TV. 11.The wind was howling outside, it was warm and comfortable indoor. 12.The highway was under construction, we had to take a different route to work. 13. Jackson was going to study all night, he declined our invitation to dinner. 14,There is still much to discuss . We shall, , return to this item at our next meeting. 15. The holiday had been a complate disaster. We , , decide to fly home early if we could Exercise3: Choose the most correct option: 1. Mary jogs everyday ___ lose weight. A. so she can B. so that she can C. because she can D. so that to 2. We’ll be late ___ we hurry. A. if B. despite C. unless D. when 3. She failed the test ___ she studied hard. A. although B. even though C. as D. A and B 4. You should bring an umbrella ___ it rains. A. if B. unless C. in case D. because of 5. He went on working ___ feeling unwell. A. although B. unless C. due to D. despite 6. They decided to go ___ the danger. A. because B. in spite of C. although D. so 7. ___ they lost, their fans gave them a big cheer. A. However B. In spite of C. Although D. if 8. Jane has a computer, ___ she doesn’t use it. A. and B. since C. but D. in spite of 9. ___ we had got on the plane, it started to rain. A. If B. While C. Before D. As soon as. 10. We have to wait ___ everybody else finishes their turn. A. when B. but C. so D. until 11. Mark heard the news on the radio ___ he was driving home. A. while B. as C. until D. A and B 12. What are you going to do ___ graduating from university? 33
34. A. before B. after C. so D. because 13. I am not so good at English, ___ I have to practice more. A. but B. so C. while D. despite 14. ___ the fact that she fail the exam, she didn’t look disappointed. A. although B. despite C. in spite of D. because of 15. We didn’t go to France last summer___ we couldn’t afford to. A. so B. when C. because D. because of 34