4 Đề tham khảo thi Trung học Phổ thông Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2020

Nội dung text: 4 Đề tham khảo thi Trung học Phổ thông Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh năm 2020

1. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO LUYỆN THI TNPT 2020 - 05 Thời gian: 60 phút Mã Đề 173 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning tothe underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 01. 1think the time has now come when we'll simply have to call it a day. A. stop workingB. stop tryingC. stop goingD. stop thinking 02. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank. A. foldedB. destroyedC. signedD. deposited Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 03.A. continuousB. courageous C. scandalousD. malicious 04.A. requestB. reference C. registerD. regular Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 05 to 12. VIRTUOUS NATURE Can animals really have a sense of right and wrong? Marc Bekoff thinks they do. If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good company. Most experts in behaviour believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded me that species living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthless and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for those of us who have observed and analysed animal relationships. That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate to your neighbours might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer, more successful lives. I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' - which entails crouching on the forelimbs while keeping the rear upright-when initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviours reduce inequalities in size, strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates. My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and indeed, entire groups would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway there. I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behaviour. As with any behavioural trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and environmental influences may be large. No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes associated with good behaviour are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. And the observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who don't play by the rules. What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behaviour. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole. 05. The pronoun “they” refers to A. natural selection acts B. virtue’s originsC. the game rules D. our brains 06. The word “ostracized” is clostest in meaning to A. enrolledB. excludedC. put offD. included
2. 07. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals? A. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills. B. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group. C. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions. D. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression. 08. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph? A. Humans adopted moral behaviour as a means of survival. B. Spirituality and morality are inseparable. C. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures. D. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do. 09. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph? A. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life. B. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave this way. C. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so. D. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual. 10. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality? A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality. B. Moral development depends on physical hardships. C. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed. D. There is little point seeking the origin of moral behaviour. 11. In the final paragraph, the writer concludes that people A. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that don’t. B. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves. C. must treat animals on equal terms with humans. D. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage. 12. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality? A. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization. B. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral. C. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behaviour. D. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 13. When a (A) simple action such as lifting one’s arm is (B) performed, the work is divided (C) between at least three (D) different muscle groups. A. differentB. betweenC. performedD. simple 14. (A) It’s time the government (B) do something to help the (C) unemployed to find (D) some jobs. A. It’s timeB. unemployedC. doD. some 15. Tom said that (A) if he had to do (B) another homework tonight, he (C) would not be able (D) to attend the concert. A. anotherB. would not be ableC. if he had toD. to attend Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. 16. Jack and Nick are talking about their schoolwork. ~ Jack: "Your parents must be proud of your work at school." ~ Nick: “ ” A. Sorry to hear that.B. Thanks. It’s certainly encouraging. C. I’m glad you like it.D. Of course. 17. At the local post office. ~ Customer: “I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.” ~ Receptionist: “ ” A. Sure. What would you like?B. Sorry. We actually take orders at five, sir. C. Certialy. How much is it?D. It’s near here, Madam. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 18. Tom was encouraged by my success. He decided not to quit his work. A. Encouraging my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. B. To be encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. C. Encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. D. That Tom was encouraged by my success decided him not to quit his work. 19. He did not remember the meeting. He went swimming with his friends then. A. Not remembered the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. B. Not remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends.
3. C. Not remembering the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. D. Not to remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 20. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head. A. kept calmB. excitedC. took leave of his senseD. lost touch 21. I can’t stand people who treat animals cruelly. A. gentlyB. brutallyC. cleverlyD. reasonably Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 22 to 29. HIDDEN FEARS Recently I found myself in the dentist’s waiting room, with a large number of people before me. I picked a magazine at random from the table and, a few minutes later, found myself deeply engrossed in an article about phobias. I was fascinated. I’d never thought too much about it. I knew some people were afraid of certain things. I perceived these people as being mostly women. Maybe I had been conditioned from an early age by cartoons showing women jumping up on tables when they saw a mouse, or running out of rooms screaming if they saw a spider. Also, if you had asked me, I would have said that nearly all people’s phobias were about things like rodents or insects. My eyes were opened by this article which was based on the results of a survey. Thousands of people said they had a strong fear of flying, but most of them were too embarrassed to admit it to their friends. There were many with rodent and insect phobias, phobias about snakes, birds, cats, dogs and horses. Some are afraid of open spaces and some are afraid of enclosed spaces. It seems there is a phobia to suit every taste and pocket, and many of us cope with mild phobias on a daily basis. When asked if they could find a reason for their phobias, people’s answers varied. There were cases of, say, a dog bite in childhood causing a subsequent fear and hatred of dogs, or someone who had been badly cut by a kitchen knife being afraid of blades of all sorts. But it is arguable that these cases are not really phobias, because one of the main hallmarks of a phobia is that it is completely irrational, strictly speaking, that is the difference between a fear and a phobia. If you are terrified of a poisonous snake or spider that could do you harm or even kill you, that is logical. It makes sense. It is, in a word, rational; a natural human instinct to keep away from danger. However, being terrified by a tiny spider, a small mouse or even a large cockroach makes no sense at all. In an equal battle situation, a human being would win hands down every time. It’s simply a matter of size. So, what is it that makes people scream and squirm when the unfortunate insect runs for cover? People surveyed said that part of the answer, for these types of phobias, anyway, may be found in our senses of sight and touch. A spider that is still - or dead - does not usually inspire too much terror. A spider in full health, on the other hand, walking across the living-room floor, is what does it. It seems to be the movement of the spider's legs that causes the phobic reaction, other people described a similar reaction to birds' claws. What is interesting is that nearly everyone imagined the spider or the bird touching them. This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films, and the reason why people who like snakes or keep tarantulas as pets are thought to be weird and twisted. Not one of those questioned could explain why the gentle touch of a spider’s legs, say, on their arm would cause them such horror. A final series of questions in the survey asked people how they managed to live with their phobias and whether they were trying to do something about them. Answers, again, varied. Claustrophobics mostly said that they avoided going into small rooms whenever possible, though they had to do it sometimes, and likewise agoraphobics with wide open spaces. They managed, they said, others with a phobia about common domestic animals like cats and dogs said that they had tried to tackle it. Having children, for example, who want a pet can be a good way to do this. They nearly all admitted, though, that they hated the animal and would never go near it unless absolutely necessary. Though many people said that they had managed to make some progress, it was a clear case of mind over matter. Being very strict with themselves enabled them to carry on a seemingly normal life in the presence of the occasional bird, spider or mouse. The phobia was always there, though, lurking in the background, waiting to take over from reason and rational thought. 22. The writer's previous ideas about phobias A. came about after careful consideration.B. revealed a limited understanding of the subject. C. were the result of reading a survey.D. were based on how he had seen women behave. 23. The pronoun “them” refers to A. a spider’s legsB. answers to the surveyC. the peopleD. their phobias 24. According the writer, A. a fear and a phobia are the same.B. a phobia is an irrational fear. C. there is little similarity between a fear and a phobia.D. a fear is an irrational phobia. 25. The writer was reading this magazine in the first place because A. he had chosen it deliberately.B. he had brought it with him. C. he was interested in its contents.D. he had time to kill. 26. Which best sums up people's attitudes to their phobias? A. They avoid facing them.B. They have to learn to live with them. C. They think they are not important.D. They manage to get over them. 27. The writer’s reaction to this article was
4. A. fear.B. amusement.C. surprise.D. embarrassment. 28. The phrase ‘This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films’ (lines 23-24) refers to A. seeing birds’ claws or a spider’s legs.B. strange people who are fond of snakes and spiders. C. seeing a spider walking across the floor.D. being in physical contact with birds or spiders. 29. The expression ‘would win hands down’ (line 18) is used as A. an explanation of why people are afraid. B. an illustration of how irrational phobias are. C. an example of how frightening spiders, mice and cockroaches can be. D. an encouragement to kill spiders, mice and cockroaches. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 30.A. conveyB. survey C. obeyD. journey 31.A. exhaustB. exact C. excelD. exhibit Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 32. Who often makes people in your class laugh? A. By whom are people in your class often made laugh? B. Whom are people in your class often made to laugh? C. By whom are people in your class often made to laugh? D. Whom are people in your class often made laughing? 33. The sole survivor of the plane crash was Lucy. A. All of the passengers on the plane survived the crash. B. Lucy was the only passenger not killed in the plane crash. C. None of the plane’s passengers were killed. D. Lucy was the only passenger was not killed. 34. It was your assistance that, enabled us to get achievements. A. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievements. B. If you did not assist us, we could not get achievements. C. Your assistance disabled us to get achievements. D. Without your assistance, we were unable to get achievements. Choose the best answer that best fits each blank (A, B, C, or D) in the following questions. 35. He kept his marriage for years, but eventually the truth A. came outB. came throughC. went outD. fell out 36. Half the children were away from school last week because of of influenza. A. a breakthroughB. an outbreakC. an outburstD. a break-out 37. When the visitors from Japan arrived, the company gave .them the carpet treatment. A. blueB. redC. greenD. orange 38. The temperatures take place very widely for different materials. A. at which melting and freezingB. at which they melt and freeze C. which they melt and freezeD. which melting and freezing 39. You'd better pack those glasses extremely carefully if you want them arrive . A. intactB. wholeC. entireD. complete 40. Rodney for the company for very long before he was promoted. A. hasn't been workingB. didn't workC. didn't use to workD. hadn't been working 41. It is certain whether the plan will go ahead. A. altogetherB. by no means С. ratherD. doubtfully 42. The plan is a very good one, as far as it A. operatesB. lastsC. seemsD. goes 43. My father supposes, , that he will be retiring at 60. A. as do peopleB. as most of peopleC. like most people doD. like most peole did 44. If you go on a diet, you'll find that giving up butter will help you a few pounds. A. leaveB. fallC. dropD. shed 45. My decision to leave university after a year is one I now regret. A. keenlyB. heavilyC. harshlyD. painfully Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 46 to 50. When you graduate from high school or university, is learning finished? The answer is no. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Lifelong learning can be useful in many (46) People who want to change careers often (47) to study at a university. Some professions require employees to (48)
5. learning new ways to do things.For example, doctors and nurses must always learn about new illnesses and treatments. They must also practise the skills they have and keep learning new ones. Lifelong learning can help people stay healthy and independent. Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them (49) close to young people. Lots of older people are now learning how to use computers. "I want to (50) active for my own health," said Mr.Salinas, a 91-year-old man taking computer classes."I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family." 46.A. casesB. parts C. waysD. areas 47.A. returnB. begin C. startD. continue 48.A. stopB. quit C. leaveD. keep 49.A. getB. move C. stayD. come 50.A. liveB. remain C. keepD. work The End
6. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO LUYỆN THI TNPT 2020 - 05 Thời gian: 60 phút Mã Đề 368 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 01.A. exactB. exhibit C. excelD. exhaust 02.A. conveyB. journey C. obeyD. survey Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 03 to 07. When you graduate from high school or university, is learning finished? The answer is no. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Lifelong learning can be useful in many (3) People who want to change careers often (4) to study at a university. Some professions require employees to (5) learning new ways to do things.For example, doctors and nurses must always learn about new illnesses and treatments. They must also practise the skills they have and keep learning new ones. Lifelong learning can help people stay healthy and independent. Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them (6) close to young people. Lots of older people are now learning how to use computers. "I want to (7) active for my own health," said Mr.Salinas, a 91-year-old man taking computer classes."I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family." 03.A. partsB. cases C. waysD. areas 04.A. returnB. continue C. startD. begin 05.A. stopB. keep C. quitD. leave 06.A. comeB. move C. stayD. get 07.A. remainB. keep C. liveD. work Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 08. When a (A) simple action such as lifting one’s arm is (B) performed, the work is divided (C) between at least three (D) different muscle groups. A. simpleB. differentC. betweenD. performed 09. Tom said that (A) if he had to do (B) another homework tonight, he (C) would not be able (D) to attend the concert. A. if he had toB. anotherC. to attendD. would not be able 10. (A) It’s time the government (B) do something to help the (C) unemployed to find (D) some jobs. A. doB. It’s timeC. unemployedD. some Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 11.A. continuousB. scandalous C. maliciousD. courageous 12.A. referenceB. register C. requestD. regular Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. 13. At the local post office. ~ Customer: “I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.” ~ Receptionist: “ ” A. Sure. What would you like?B. Certialy. How much is it? C. It’s near here, Madam.D. Sorry. We actually take orders at five, sir. 14. Jack and Nick are talking about their schoolwork. ~ Jack: "Your parents must be proud of your work at school." ~ Nick: “ ” A. Thanks. It’s certainly encouraging.B. Sorry to hear that. C. I’m glad you like it.D. Of course. Choose the best answer that best fits each blank (A, B, C, or D) in the following questions. 15. You'd better pack those glasses extremely carefully if you want them arrive . A. wholeB. entireC. intactD. complete 16. Half the children were away from school last week because of of influenza. A. a breakthroughB. an outbreakC. an outburstD. a break-out 17. My decision to leave university after a year is one I now regret. A. keenlyB. harshlyC. painfullyD. heavily 18. Rodney for the company for very long before he was promoted. A. hasn't been workingB. hadn't been workingC. didn't workD. didn't use to work 19. The plan is a very good one, as far as it A. seemsB. lastsC. operatesD. goes 20. When the visitors from Japan arrived, the company gave .them the carpet treatment.
7. A. blueB. orangeC. redD. green 21. My father supposes, , that he will be retiring at 60. A. as most of peopleB. as do peopleC. like most people doD. like most peole did 22. If you go on a diet, you'll find that giving up butter will help you a few pounds. A. dropB. leaveC. shedD. fall 23. The temperatures take place very widely for different materials. A. which they melt and freezeB. which melting and freezing C. at which melting and freezingD. at which they melt and freeze 24. It is certain whether the plan will go ahead. A. doubtfullyB. altogetherC. by no means D. rather 25. He kept his marriage for years, but eventually the truth A. fell outB. went outC. came throughD. came out Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 26. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head. A. took leave of his senseB. excitedC. kept calmD. lost touch 27. I can’t stand people who treat animals cruelly. A. reasonablyB. brutallyC. cleverlyD. gently Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35. HIDDEN FEARS Recently I found myself in the dentist’s waiting room, with a large number of people before me. I picked a magazine at random from the table and, a few minutes later, found myself deeply engrossed in an article about phobias. I was fascinated. I’d never thought too much about it. I knew some people were afraid of certain things. I perceived these people as being mostly women. Maybe I had been conditioned from an early age by cartoons showing women jumping up on tables when they saw a mouse, or running out of rooms screaming if they saw a spider. Also, if you had asked me, I would have said that nearly all people’s phobias were about things like rodents or insects. My eyes were opened by this article which was based on the results of a survey. Thousands of people said they had a strong fear of flying, but most of them were too embarrassed to admit it to their friends. There were many with rodent and insect phobias, phobias about snakes, birds, cats, dogs and horses. Some are afraid of open spaces and some are afraid of enclosed spaces. It seems there is a phobia to suit every taste and pocket, and many of us cope with mild phobias on a daily basis. When asked if they could find a reason for their phobias, people’s answers varied. There were cases of, say, a dog bite in childhood causing a subsequent fear and hatred of dogs, or someone who had been badly cut by a kitchen knife being afraid of blades of all sorts. But it is arguable that these cases are not really phobias, because one of the main hallmarks of a phobia is that it is completely irrational, strictly speaking, that is the difference between a fear and a phobia. If you are terrified of a poisonous snake or spider that could do you harm or even kill you, that is logical. It makes sense. It is, in a word, rational; a natural human instinct to keep away from danger. However, being terrified by a tiny spider, a small mouse or even a large cockroach makes no sense at all. In an equal battle situation, a human being would win hands down every time. It’s simply a matter of size. So, what is it that makes people scream and squirm when the unfortunate insect runs for cover? People surveyed said that part of the answer, for these types of phobias, anyway, may be found in our senses of sight and touch. A spider that is still - or dead - does not usually inspire too much terror. A spider in full health, on the other hand, walking across the living-room floor, is what does it. It seems to be the movement of the spider's legs that causes the phobic reaction, other people described a similar reaction to birds' claws. What is interesting is that nearly everyone imagined the spider or the bird touching them. This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films, and the reason why people who like snakes or keep tarantulas as pets are thought to be weird and twisted. Not one of those questioned could explain why the gentle touch of a spider’s legs, say, on their arm would cause them such horror. A final series of questions in the survey asked people how they managed to live with their phobias and whether they were trying to do something about them. Answers, again, varied. Claustrophobics mostly said that they avoided going into small rooms whenever possible, though they had to do it sometimes, and likewise agoraphobics with wide open spaces. They managed, they said, others with a phobia about common domestic animals like cats and dogs said that they had tried to tackle it. Having children, for example, who want a pet can be a good way to do this. They nearly all admitted, though, that they hated the animal and would never go near it unless absolutely necessary. Though many people said that they had managed to make some progress, it was a clear case of mind over matter. Being very strict with themselves enabled them to carry on a seemingly normal life in the presence of the occasional bird, spider or mouse. The phobia was always there, though, lurking in the background, waiting to take over from reason and rational thought. 28. The writer’s reaction to this article was A. surprise.B. amusement.C. embarrassment.D. fear. 29. The writer was reading this magazine in the first place because A. he was interested in its contents.B. he had chosen it deliberately. C. he had brought it with him.D. he had time to kill.
8. 30. The expression ‘would win hands down’ (line 18) is used as A. an illustration of how irrational phobias are. B. an encouragement to kill spiders, mice and cockroaches. C. an example of how frightening spiders, mice and cockroaches can be. D. an explanation of why people are afraid. 31. The phrase ‘This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films’ (lines 23-24) refers to A. seeing birds’ claws or a spider’s legs. B. being in physical contact with birds or spiders. C. strange people who are fond of snakes and spiders. D. seeing a spider walking across the floor. 32. The writer's previous ideas about phobias A. came about after careful consideration.B. revealed a limited understanding of the subject. C. were based on how he had seen women behave.D. were the result of reading a survey. 33. According the writer, A. there is little similarity between a fear and a phobia.B. a fear is an irrational phobia. C. a phobia is an irrational fear.D. a fear and a phobia are the same. 34. Which best sums up people's attitudes to their phobias? A. They have to learn to live with them.B. They avoid facing them. C. They manage to get over them.D. They think they are not important. 35. The pronoun “them” refers to A. their phobiasB. a spider’s legsC. answers to the surveyD. the people Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning tothe underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 36. 1think the time has now come when we'll simply have to call it a day. A. stop thinkingB. stop goingC. stop tryingD. stop working 37. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank. A. signedB. depositedC. foldedD. destroyed Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 45. VIRTUOUS NATURE Can animals really have a sense of right and wrong? Marc Bekoff thinks they do. If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good company. Most experts in behaviour believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded me that species living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthless and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for those of us who have observed and analysed animal relationships. That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate to your neighbours might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer, more successful lives. I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' - which entails crouching on the forelimbs while keeping the rear upright-when initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviours reduce inequalities in size, strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates. My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and indeed, entire groups would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway there. I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behaviour. As with any behavioural trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and environmental influences may be large. No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes associated with
9. good behaviour are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. And the observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who don't play by the rules. What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behaviour. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole. 38. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality? A. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behaviour. B. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival. C. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization. D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral. 39. In the final paragraph, the writer concludes that people A. must treat animals on equal terms with humans. B. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that don’t. C. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage. D. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves. 40. The pronoun “they” refers to A. our brains B. virtue’s originsC. the game rulesD. natural selection acts 41. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph? A. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so. B. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave this way. C. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual. D. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life. 42. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals? A. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions. B. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression. C. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills. D. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group. 43. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph? A. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do. B. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures. C. Humans adopted moral behaviour as a means of survival. D. Spirituality and morality are inseparable. 44. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality? A. There is little point seeking the origin of moral behaviour. B. Moral development depends on physical hardships. C. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality. D. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed. 45. The word “ostracized” is clostest in meaning to A. excludedB. put offC. includedD. enrolled Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 46. He did not remember the meeting. He went swimming with his friends then. A. Not remembered the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. B. Not remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. C. Not remembering the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. D. Not to remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. 47. Tom was encouraged by my success. He decided not to quit his work. A. That Tom was encouraged by my success decided him not to quit his work. B. Encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. C. To be encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. D. Encouraging my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 48. The sole survivor of the plane crash was Lucy. A. None of the plane’s passengers were killed.
10. B. All of the passengers on the plane survived the crash. C. Lucy was the only passenger was not killed. D. Lucy was the only passenger not killed in the plane crash. 49. Who often makes people in your class laugh? A. By whom are people in your class often made laugh? B. Whom are people in your class often made to laugh? C. By whom are people in your class often made to laugh? D. Whom are people in your class often made laughing? 50. It was your assistance that, enabled us to get achievements. A. Without your assistance, we were unable to get achievements. B. If you did not assist us, we could not get achievements. C. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievements. D. Your assistance disabled us to get achievements. The End
11. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO LUYỆN THI TNPT 2020 - 05 Thời gian: 60 phút Mã Đề 256 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 01.A. obeyB. convey C. surveyD. journey 02.A. exhibitB. excel C. exactD. exhaust Choose the best answer that best fits each blank (A, B, C, or D) in the following questions. 03. It is certain whether the plan will go ahead. A. by no means B. ratherC. altogetherD. doubtfully 04. Half the children were away from school last week because of of influenza. A. a break-outB. a breakthroughC. an outbreakD. an outburst 05. My decision to leave university after a year is one I now regret. A. keenlyB. heavilyC. harshlyD. painfully 06. You'd better pack those glasses extremely carefully if you want them arrive . A. entireB. intactC. wholeD. complete 07. My father supposes, , that he will be retiring at 60. A. like most people doB. like most peole didC. as most of peopleD. as do people 08. The plan is a very good one, as far as it A. seemsB. goesC. operatesD. lasts 09. When the visitors from Japan arrived, the company gave .them the carpet treatment. A. orangeB. greenC. redD. blue 10. If you go on a diet, you'll find that giving up butter will help you a few pounds. A. dropB. shedC. fallD. leave 11. Rodney for the company for very long before he was promoted. A. didn't workB. didn't use to workC. hasn't been workingD. hadn't been working 12. The temperatures take place very widely for different materials. A. at which melting and freezingB. which they melt and freeze C. which melting and freezingD. at which they melt and freeze 13. He kept his marriage for years, but eventually the truth A. went outB. fell outC. came outD. came through Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 00 to 00. When you graduate from high school or university, is learning finished? The answer is no. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Lifelong learning can be useful in many (14) People who want to change careers often (15) to study at a university. Some professions require employees to (16) learning new ways to do things.For example, doctors and nurses must always learn about new illnesses and treatments. They must also practise the skills they have and keep learning new ones. Lifelong learning can help people stay healthy and independent. Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them (17) close to young people. Lots of older people are now learning how to use computers. "I want to (18) active for my own health," said Mr.Salinas, a 91-year-old man taking computer classes."I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family." 14.A. casesB. parts C. waysD. areas 15.A. startB. return C. continueD. begin 16.A. quitB. leave C. stopD. keep 17.A. comeB. get C. stayD. move 18.A. liveB. keep C. remainD. work Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 19.A. scandalousB. malicious C. continuousD. courageous 20.A. registerB. regular C. referenceD. request Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. 21. At the local post office. ~ Customer: “I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.” ~ Receptionist: “ ” A. Sure. What would you like?B. Certialy. How much is it? C. Sorry. We actually take orders at five, sir.D. It’s near here, Madam.
12. 22. Jack and Nick are talking about their schoolwork. ~ Jack: "Your parents must be proud of your work at school." ~ Nick: “ ” A. Thanks. It’s certainly encouraging.B. Sorry to hear that. C. I’m glad you like it.D. Of course. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning tothe underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 23. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank. A. signedB. foldedC. depositedD. destroyed 24. 1think the time has now come when we'll simply have to call it a day. A. stop tryingB. stop thinkingC. stop workingD. stop going Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 25. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head. A. kept calmB. took leave of his senseC. lost touchD. excited 26. I can’t stand people who treat animals cruelly. A. reasonablyB. cleverlyC. gentlyD. brutally Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 27. He did not remember the meeting. He went swimming with his friends then. A. Not to remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. B. Not remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. C. Not remembered the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. D. Not remembering the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. 28. Tom was encouraged by my success. He decided not to quit his work. A. That Tom was encouraged by my success decided him not to quit his work. B. Encouraging my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. C. To be encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. D. Encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 29. When a (A) simple action such as lifting one’s arm is (B) performed, the work is divided (C) between at least three (D) different muscle groups. A. simpleB. differentC. performedD. between 30. Tom said that (A) if he had to do (B) another homework tonight, he (C) would not be able (D) to attend the concert. A. anotherB. to attendC. would not be ableD. if he had to 31. (A) It’s time the government (B) do something to help the (C) unemployed to find (D) some jobs. A. someB. unemployedC. It’s timeD. do Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 32 to 39. HIDDEN FEARS Recently I found myself in the dentist’s waiting room, with a large number of people before me. I picked a magazine at random from the table and, a few minutes later, found myself deeply engrossed in an article about phobias. I was fascinated. I’d never thought too much about it. I knew some people were afraid of certain things. I perceived these people as being mostly women. Maybe I had been conditioned from an early age by cartoons showing women jumping up on tables when they saw a mouse, or running out of rooms screaming if they saw a spider. Also, if you had asked me, I would have said that nearly all people’s phobias were about things like rodents or insects. My eyes were opened by this article which was based on the results of a survey. Thousands of people said they had a strong fear of flying, but most of them were too embarrassed to admit it to their friends. There were many with rodent and insect phobias, phobias about snakes, birds, cats, dogs and horses. Some are afraid of open spaces and some are afraid of enclosed spaces. It seems there is a phobia to suit every taste and pocket, and many of us cope with mild phobias on a daily basis. When asked if they could find a reason for their phobias, people’s answers varied. There were cases of, say, a dog bite in childhood causing a subsequent fear and hatred of dogs, or someone who had been badly cut by a kitchen knife being afraid of blades of all sorts. But it is arguable that these cases are not really phobias, because one of the main hallmarks of a phobia is that it is completely irrational, strictly speaking, that is the difference between a fear and a phobia. If you are terrified of a poisonous snake or spider that could do you harm or even kill you, that is logical. It makes sense. It is, in a word, rational; a natural human instinct to keep away from danger. However, being terrified by a tiny spider, a small mouse or even a large cockroach makes no sense at all. In an equal battle situation, a human being would win hands down every time. It’s simply a matter of size. So, what is it that makes people scream and squirm when the unfortunate insect runs for cover? People surveyed said that part of the answer, for these types of phobias, anyway, may be found in our senses of sight and touch. A spider that is still - or dead - does
13. not usually inspire too much terror. A spider in full health, on the other hand, walking across the living-room floor, is what does it. It seems to be the movement of the spider's legs that causes the phobic reaction, other people described a similar reaction to birds' claws. What is interesting is that nearly everyone imagined the spider or the bird touching them. This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films, and the reason why people who like snakes or keep tarantulas as pets are thought to be weird and twisted. Not one of those questioned could explain why the gentle touch of a spider’s legs, say, on their arm would cause them such horror. A final series of questions in the survey asked people how they managed to live with their phobias and whether they were trying to do something about them. Answers, again, varied. Claustrophobics mostly said that they avoided going into small rooms whenever possible, though they had to do it sometimes, and likewise agoraphobics with wide open spaces. They managed, they said, others with a phobia about common domestic animals like cats and dogs said that they had tried to tackle it. Having children, for example, who want a pet can be a good way to do this. They nearly all admitted, though, that they hated the animal and would never go near it unless absolutely necessary. Though many people said that they had managed to make some progress, it was a clear case of mind over matter. Being very strict with themselves enabled them to carry on a seemingly normal life in the presence of the occasional bird, spider or mouse. The phobia was always there, though, lurking in the background, waiting to take over from reason and rational thought. 32. According the writer, A. there is little similarity between a fear and a phobia.B. a phobia is an irrational fear. C. a fear and a phobia are the same.D. a fear is an irrational phobia. 33. Which best sums up people's attitudes to their phobias? A. They think they are not important.B. They avoid facing them. C. They manage to get over them.D. They have to learn to live with them. 34. The writer was reading this magazine in the first place because A. he was interested in its contents.B. he had chosen it deliberately. C. he had time to kill.D. he had brought it with him. 35. The phrase ‘This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films’ (lines 23-24) refers to A. strange people who are fond of snakes and spiders. B. being in physical contact with birds or spiders. C. seeing birds’ claws or a spider’s legs. D. seeing a spider walking across the floor. 36. The writer’s reaction to this article was A. fear.B. surprise.C. amusement.D. embarrassment. 37. The expression ‘would win hands down’ (line 18) is used as A. an explanation of why people are afraid. B. an example of how frightening spiders, mice and cockroaches can be. C. an illustration of how irrational phobias are. D. an encouragement to kill spiders, mice and cockroaches. 38. The writer's previous ideas about phobias A. were based on how he had seen women behave.B. revealed a limited understanding of the subject. C. came about after careful consideration.D. were the result of reading a survey. 39. The pronoun “them” refers to A. the peopleB. answers to the surveyC. their phobiasD. a spider’s legs Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 40 to 47. VIRTUOUS NATURE Can animals really have a sense of right and wrong? Marc Bekoff thinks they do. If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good company. Most experts in behaviour believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded me that species living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthless and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for those of us who have observed and analysed animal relationships. That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate to your neighbours might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer, more successful lives. I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' - which entails crouching on the
14. forelimbs while keeping the rear upright-when initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviours reduce inequalities in size, strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates. My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and indeed, entire groups would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway there. I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behaviour. As with any behavioural trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and environmental influences may be large. No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes associated with good behaviour are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. And the observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who don't play by the rules. What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behaviour. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole. 40. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality? A. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization. B. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival. C. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behaviour. D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral. 41. In the final paragraph, the writer concludes that people A. must treat animals on equal terms with humans. B. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage. C. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves. D. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that don’t. 42. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals? A. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression. B. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills. C. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group. D. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions. 43. The word “ostracized” is clostest in meaning to A. enrolledB. put offC. includedD. excluded 44. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality? A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality. B. Moral development depends on physical hardships. C. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed. D. There is little point seeking the origin of moral behaviour. 45. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph? A. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures. B. Humans adopted moral behaviour as a means of survival. C. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do. D. Spirituality and morality are inseparable. 46. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph? A. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave this way. B. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life. C. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so. D. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual. 47. The pronoun “they” refers to A. the game rules B. virtue’s originsC. natural selection acts D. our brains Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 48. The sole survivor of the plane crash was Lucy.
15. A. Lucy was the only passenger not killed in the plane crash. B. None of the plane’s passengers were killed. C. All of the passengers on the plane survived the crash. D. Lucy was the only passenger was not killed. 49. It was your assistance that, enabled us to get achievements. A. Without your assistance, we were unable to get achievements. B. If you did not assist us, we could not get achievements. C. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievements. D. Your assistance disabled us to get achievements. 50. Who often makes people in your class laugh? A. By whom are people in your class often made to laugh? B. Whom are people in your class often made laughing? C. By whom are people in your class often made laugh? D. Whom are people in your class often made to laugh? The End
16. ĐỀ THAM KHẢO LUYỆN THI TNPT 2020 - 05 Thời gian: 60 phút Mã Đề 829 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. 01. Tom said that (A) if he had to do (B) another homework tonight, he (C) would not be able (D) to attend the concert. A. if he had toB. to attendC. would not be ableD. another 02. When a (A) simple action such as lifting one’s arm is (B) performed, the work is divided (C) between at least three (D) different muscle groups. A. betweenB. simpleC. performedD. different 03. (A) It’s time the government (B) do something to help the (C) unemployed to find (D) some jobs. A. doB. unemployedC. It’s timeD. some  Choose the best answer that best fits each blank (A, B, C, or D) in the following questions. 04. It is certain whether the plan will go ahead. A. doubtfullyB. altogetherC. by no means D. rather 05. When the visitors from Japan arrived, the company gave .them the carpet treatment. A. blueB. redC. orangeD. green 06. My decision to leave university after a year is one I now regret. A. keenlyB. harshlyC. painfullyD. heavily 07. The plan is a very good one, as far as it A. operatesB. lastsC. goesD. seems 08. Rodney for the company for very long before he was promoted. A. hadn't been workingB. didn't use to workC. hasn't been workingD. didn't work 09. Half the children were away from school last week because of of influenza. A. a break-outB. an outburstC. an outbreakD. a breakthrough 10. The temperatures take place very widely for different materials. A. at which melting and freezingB. at which they melt and freeze C. which melting and freezingD. which they melt and freeze 11. My father supposes, , that he will be retiring at 60. A. like most peole didB. as do peopleC. like most people doD. as most of people 12. If you go on a diet, you'll find that giving up butter will help you a few pounds. A. shedB. leaveC. fallD. drop 13. He kept his marriage for years, but eventually the truth A. came outB. went outC. came throughD. fell out 14. You'd better pack those glasses extremely carefully if you want them arrive . A. entireB. intactC. wholeD. complete  Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 15 to 19. When you graduate from high school or university, is learning finished? The answer is no. In many countries, people continue learning all their lives. Why is lifelong learning important? How can it help you? Lifelong learning can be useful in many (15) People who want to change careers often (16) to study at a university. Some professions require employees to (17) learning new ways to do things.For example, doctors and nurses must always learn about new illnesses and treatments. They must also practise the skills they have and keep learning new ones. Lifelong learning can help people stay healthy and independent. Many older people also feel that lifelong learning helps them (18) close to young people. Lots of older people are now learning how to use computers. "I want to (19) active for my own health," said Mr.Salinas, a 91-year-old man taking computer classes."I see my computer learning as part of an active life and something that I can share with my family." 15.A. waysB. areas C. casesD. parts 16.A. continueB. begin C. startD. return 17.A. stopB. quit C. keepD. leave 18.A. moveB. get C. stayD. come 19.A. remainB. live C. workD. keep Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 20. I can’t stand people who treat animals cruelly. A. gentlyB. reasonablyC. cleverlyD. brutally 21. He usually stays in peace in stressful situations but this time he really lost his head. A. kept calmB. lost touchC. excitedD. took leave of his sense
17. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning tothe underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 22. After receiving her check, Suzy endorsed it and took it to the bank. A. destroyedB. foldedC. depositedD. signed 23. 1think the time has now come when we'll simply have to call it a day. A. stop tryingB. stop thinkingC. stop workingD. stop going Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. 24. Jack and Nick are talking about their schoolwork. ~ Jack: "Your parents must be proud of your work at school." ~ Nick: “ ” A. Thanks. It’s certainly encouraging.B. Sorry to hear that. C. I’m glad you like it.D. Of course. 25. At the local post office. ~ Customer: “I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.” ~ Receptionist: “ ” A. Certialy. How much is it?B. Sorry. We actually take orders at five, sir. C. It’s near here, Madam.D. Sure. What would you like? Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. 26.A. exhaustB. excel C. exhibitD. exact 27.A. obeyB. journey C. surveyD. convey  Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 28. He did not remember the meeting. He went swimming with his friends then. A. Not remembering the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. B. Not remembered the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. C. Not to remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. D. Not remember the meeting, he went swimming with his friends. 29. Tom was encouraged by my success. He decided not to quit his work. A. Encouraging my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. B. To be encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. C. Encouraged by my success, Tom decided not to quit his work. D. That Tom was encouraged by my success decided him not to quit his work. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37. HIDDEN FEARS Recently I found myself in the dentist’s waiting room, with a large number of people before me. I picked a magazine at random from the table and, a few minutes later, found myself deeply engrossed in an article about phobias. I was fascinated. I’d never thought too much about it. I knew some people were afraid of certain things. I perceived these people as being mostly women. Maybe I had been conditioned from an early age by cartoons showing women jumping up on tables when they saw a mouse, or running out of rooms screaming if they saw a spider. Also, if you had asked me, I would have said that nearly all people’s phobias were about things like rodents or insects. My eyes were opened by this article which was based on the results of a survey. Thousands of people said they had a strong fear of flying, but most of them were too embarrassed to admit it to their friends. There were many with rodent and insect phobias, phobias about snakes, birds, cats, dogs and horses. Some are afraid of open spaces and some are afraid of enclosed spaces. It seems there is a phobia to suit every taste and pocket, and many of us cope with mild phobias on a daily basis. When asked if they could find a reason for their phobias, people’s answers varied. There were cases of, say, a dog bite in childhood causing a subsequent fear and hatred of dogs, or someone who had been badly cut by a kitchen knife being afraid of blades of all sorts. But it is arguable that these cases are not really phobias, because one of the main hallmarks of a phobia is that it is completely irrational, strictly speaking, that is the difference between a fear and a phobia. If you are terrified of a poisonous snake or spider that could do you harm or even kill you, that is logical. It makes sense. It is, in a word, rational; a natural human instinct to keep away from danger. However, being terrified by a tiny spider, a small mouse or even a large cockroach makes no sense at all. In an equal battle situation, a human being would win hands down every time. It’s simply a matter of size. So, what is it that makes people scream and squirm when the unfortunate insect runs for cover? People surveyed said that part of the answer, for these types of phobias, anyway, may be found in our senses of sight and touch. A spider that is still - or dead - does not usually inspire too much terror. A spider in full health, on the other hand, walking across the living-room floor, is what does it. It seems to be the movement of the spider's legs that causes the phobic reaction, other people described a similar reaction to birds' claws. What is interesting is that nearly everyone imagined the spider or the bird touching them. This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films, and the reason why people who like snakes or keep tarantulas as pets are thought to be weird and twisted. Not one of those questioned could explain why the gentle touch of a spider’s legs, say, on their arm would cause them such horror.
18. A final series of questions in the survey asked people how they managed to live with their phobias and whether they were trying to do something about them. Answers, again, varied. Claustrophobics mostly said that they avoided going into small rooms whenever possible, though they had to do it sometimes, and likewise agoraphobics with wide open spaces. They managed, they said, others with a phobia about common domestic animals like cats and dogs said that they had tried to tackle it. Having children, for example, who want a pet can be a good way to do this. They nearly all admitted, though, that they hated the animal and would never go near it unless absolutely necessary. Though many people said that they had managed to make some progress, it was a clear case of mind over matter. Being very strict with themselves enabled them to carry on a seemingly normal life in the presence of the occasional bird, spider or mouse. The phobia was always there, though, lurking in the background, waiting to take over from reason and rational thought. 30. The writer was reading this magazine in the first place because A. he had brought it with him.B. he had chosen it deliberately. C. he had time to kill.D. he was interested in its contents. 31. The pronoun “them” refers to A. the peopleB. their phobiasC. a spider’s legsD. answers to the survey 32. The writer's previous ideas about phobias A. were the result of reading a survey.B. were based on how he had seen women behave. C. came about after careful consideration.D. revealed a limited understanding of the subject. 33. Which best sums up people's attitudes to their phobias? A. They avoid facing them.B. They manage to get over them. C. They think they are not important.D. They have to learn to live with them. 34. The expression ‘would win hands down’ (line 18) is used as A. an explanation of why people are afraid. B. an encouragement to kill spiders, mice and cockroaches. C. an illustration of how irrational phobias are. D. an example of how frightening spiders, mice and cockroaches can be. 35. According the writer, A. there is little similarity between a fear and a phobia.B. a fear is an irrational phobia. C. a fear and a phobia are the same.D. a phobia is an irrational fear. 36. The phrase ‘This is the stuff of nightmares and horror films’ (lines 23-24) refers to A. strange people who are fond of snakes and spiders.B. seeing a spider walking across the floor. C. seeing birds’ claws or a spider’s legs.D. being in physical contact with birds or spiders. 37. The writer’s reaction to this article was A. fear.B. amusement.C. surprise.D. embarrassment. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 38. The sole survivor of the plane crash was Lucy. A. Lucy was the only passenger was not killed. B. All of the passengers on the plane survived the crash. C. Lucy was the only passenger not killed in the plane crash. D. None of the plane’s passengers were killed. 39. Who often makes people in your class laugh? A. Whom are people in your class often made laughing? B. Whom are people in your class often made to laugh? C. By whom are people in your class often made laugh? D. By whom are people in your class often made to laugh? 40. It was your assistance that, enabled us to get achievements. A. Your assistance disabled us to get achievements. B. Without your assistance, we were unable to get achievements. C. If you did not assist us, we could not get achievements. D. But for your assistance, we could not have got achievements. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. 41.A. continuousB. courageous C. scandalousD. malicious 42.A. registerB. reference C. regularD. request Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. VIRTUOUS NATURE Can animals really have a sense of right and wrong? Marc Bekoff thinks they do. If you think that we are the only creatures on Earth with a moral sense, then you're in good company. Most experts in behaviour believe that morality is a uniquely human trait, without which our complex social life would never have emerged - yet I'm convinced that many animals can distinguish right from wrong. Decades spent watching wild and captive animals have persuaded
19. me that species living in groups often have a sense of fair play built on moral codes of conduct that help cement their social relationships. The notion of Nature being naturally ruthless and selfishly competitive doesn't hold true for those of us who have observed and analysed animal relationships. That's not all. I suspect that herein lies the origin of our own virtue. Biologists have had real problems trying to explain why people are frequently inexplicably nice to each other. It just doesn't make sense in evolutionary terms, unless there are ulterior motives behind our seemingly altruistic actions. Perhaps we expect a payback somewhere down the line, or maybe our good deeds are directed only towards kin, with whom we share a biological heritage. Nobody has really considered the possibility that being considerate to your neighbours might sometimes be the best way to survive. But I'm starting to find evidence that a well-developed sense of fair play helps non-human animals live longer, more successful lives. I'm particularly interested in social play amongst youngsters because it has its own special rules of engagement, allowing participants to reinterpret acts that might otherwise seem aggressive. My studies of infant dogs, wolves and coyotes reveal that they use a special signal to prevent misinterpretation of playful actions. They perform a 'bow' - which entails crouching on the forelimbs while keeping the rear upright-when initiating play, or in association with aggressive actions such as biting, to modify their meaning. And role reversal is common, so that during play a dominant animal will often allow a subordinate to have the upper hand. Such behaviours reduce inequalities in size, strength and dominance between playmates, fostering the co-operation and reciprocity that are essential for play to occur. Indeed, on the rare occasions when an animal says 'Let's play' and then beats up an unsuspecting animal, the culprit usually finds itself ostracized by its former playmates. My belief is that a sense of fairness is common to many animals, because there could be no social play without it, and without social play individual animals and indeed, entire groups would be at a disadvantage. If I'm right, morality evolved because it is adaptive. It helps many animals, including humans, to survive and flourish in their particular social environment This may sound like a radical idea, particularly if you view morality as uniquely human and a sort of mystical quality that sets us apart from other animals. But if you accept my argument that play and fairness are inextricably linked, you're halfway there. I am not putting the case forward for a specific gene for fair or moral behaviour. As with any behavioural trait, the underlying genetics is bound to be complex, and environmental influences may be large. No matter. Provided there is variation in levels of morality among individuals, and provided virtue is rewarded by a greater number of offspring, then any genes associated with good behaviour are bound to accumulate in subsequent generations. And the observation that play is rarely unfair or uncooperative is surely an indication that natural selection acts to weed out those who don't play by the rules. What does this tell us about human morality? First, we didn't invent virtue - its origins are much more ancient than our own. Secondly, we should stop seeing ourselves as morally superior to other animals. True, our big brains endow us with a highly sophisticated sense of what's right and wrong, but they also give us much greater scope for manipulating others - to deceive and try to benefit from immoral behaviour. In that sense, animal morality might be 'purer' than our own. We should accept our moral responsibility towards other animals, and that means developing and enforcing more restrictive regulations governing animal use. While animal minds may vary from one species to another, they are not so different from our own, and only when we accept this can we truly be moral in our relations with nature as a whole. 43. The pronoun “they” refers to A. our brainsB. natural selection actsC. the game rules D. virtue’s origins 44. What has the writer deduced about social play from his observation of animals? A. It provides an opportunity for physically weaker animals to develop survival skills. B. It demonstrates that certain animals possess a large range of emotions. C. It allows animals to prove who is dominant in the group without using real aggression. D. It requires animals to abide by the rules or they will be excluded from the group. 45. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph? A. People who do not possess good social skills achieve less in life. B. People who treat acquaintances better than relatives are unusual. C. People who are generous to others are not always sure why they behave this way. D. People who behave considerately to others have selfish reasons for doing so. 46. Which of the following best summarizes the writer’s argument in the fourth paragraph? A. Humans adopted moral behaviour as a means of survival. B. Spirituality and morality are inseparable. C. Groups benefit from social play more than individuals do. D. There are different degrees of morality between various cultures. 47. In the final paragraph, the writer concludes that people A. should discriminate between which animals display morality and those that don’t. B. must treat animals on equal terms with humans. C. should be less arrogant in their view of themselves. D. are more advanced as they use immorality to their advantage. 48. What does the writer state about the evolution of morality? A. There may be a particular gene responsible for morality. B. Moral development depends on physical hardships.
20. C. Animals that behave fairly are more likely to breed. D. There is little point seeking the origin of moral behaviour. 49. In the first paragraph, what does the writer state about morality? A. Humans are the only creatures that demonstrate true emotional behaviour. B. Humans and animals share the same selfish instincts for survival. C. A well-developed moral code does not lead to civilization. D. There is a common misconception that animals are not moral. 50. The word “ostracized” is clostest in meaning to A. includedB. put offC. enrolledD. excluded The End