Bài tập trọng tâm Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Unit 6: Global warming

Nội dung text: Bài tập trọng tâm Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Unit 6: Global warming

1. Unit 6. GLOBAL WARMING PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS 1. Vocabulary emission (n): khí thải fertilizer (n): phân bĩn deforestation (n): sự phá rừng man-made (adj): do con người irresponsible (adj): vơ trách nhiệm suffer (v): chịu đựng infectious (adj): lây nhiễm ecological (adj): thuộc về sinh thái come up with (phr-v): nghĩ ra go through (phr-v): thảo luận chi tiết work out (phr-v): tìm ra severe (adj): khốc liệt upset (v): phá vỡ environmentalist (n): nhà mơi trường học alternative (adj): thay thế identify (v): xác định suspect (v): nghi ngờ extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng numerous (adj): nhiều catastrophic (adj): thảm khốc release (v): thải ra, làm giảm demand (n): nhu cầu disrupt (v): gây cản trở capture (v): hút absorb (v): hút, hấp thụ drought (n): hạn hán flood (n): lũ lụt injure (v): làm tổn thương famine (n): nạn đĩi delay (v): trì hỗn disappearance (n): sự biến mất diversity (n): sự đa dạng ecosystem (n): hệ sinh thái light bulb (n): bĩng đèn significantly (adv): một cách hiệu quả, mạnh mẽ lawmaker (n): người lập pháp ban (v): cấm 2. Grammar: Perfect participles and perfect gerunds 2.1. Perfect participles (Phân từ hồn thành) 2.1.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d e.g. Having met his parents, he left home. (Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi nhà.) He gave up smoking after having seen the death of a smoker. (Cậu ta đã bỏ hút thuốc sau khi thấy cái chết của một người nghiện hút thuốc.)
2. Having drunk too much alcohol, he is vomiting now. (Vì đã uống quá nhiều rượu nên giờ ơng ta đang nơn mửa.) * Note: Nếu phân từ hồn thành đứng đầu cậu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) giữa hai mệnh đề. e.g. Having met his parents, he left home. (Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy rời khỏi nhà) 2.1.2. Use: * Chúng ta dùng phân từ hồn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả nĩ xảy ra trước động từ của mệnh đề cịn lại. e.g. Having registered, Anna entered the conference room. = After Anna had registered, she entered the conference room. (Sau khi đã đăng ký Anna đi vào phịng hội nghị.) * Chúng ta dùng phân từ hồn thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả lý do cho động từ của mệnh đề cịn lại (mệnh đề chính). e.g. Having worked on his computer for a long time, Peter feels dizzy now. = Because Peter has worked on his computer for a long time, he feels dizzy now. (Giờ Peter thấy chĩng mặt là do cậu ấy đã làm việc trên máy tính quá lâu.) * Note: chúng ta chỉ dùng phân từ hồn thành khi hai mệnh đề cĩ cùng chủ ngữ. 2.2. Perfect Gerunds (Danh động từ hồn thành) 2.2.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d Danh động từ hồn thành được dùng theo 2 cấu trúc sau: * Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund e.g. He apologized for having broken his watch. (Cậu bé xin lỗi vì đã làm vỡ mất chiếc đồng hồ.). They praised the old lady for having caught the thief. (Họ ca ngợi bà cụ vì đã tĩm được tên trộm.) Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: apologize for, accuse of, blame for, congratulate on, criticize for, punish for, thank for, suspect of * Verb + perfect gerund e.g. The little girl admitted having eaten all the cakes. (Cơ bé thừa nhận là đã ăn hết số bánh đĩ.) Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc trên: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret * Note: để tạo thành thể phủ định ta thêm not vào trước danh động từ hồn thành. e.g. Hana was punished for not having done her homework. (Hana bị phạt vì chưa làm bài tập.) 2.2.2. Use: Danh động từ hồn thành là hình thức thay thế cho danh động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong quá khứ xảy ra trước động từ chính đứng trước nĩ. e.g. Peter admitted having poured milk into the bowl. = Peter admitted that he had poured milk into the bowl. (Peter thừa nhận là đã đổ sữa vào trong cái bát.) 3. Pronunciation Echo questions (câu hỏi lặp lại) Câu hỏi lặp lại dùng để hỏi lại phần thơng tin mà ta vừa nghe nhưng chưa rõ hoặc thể hiện sự ngạc nhiên hoặc chú tâm vào lời nĩi của người khác (ồ thế á?). Ta lên giọng ở cuối câu hỏi lặp lại. * Ta cĩ thể hỏi bằng cách lặp lại một phần thơng tin. e.g. A: David said to me that he's getting married. (David nĩi với mình rằng anh ấy sắp lấy vợ) B: He's getting married? (Ồ thế á?) * Ta cĩ thể hỏi bằng cách dùng câu cĩ hình thức là câu kể nhưng cĩ từ để hỏi ở cuối câu.
3. e.g. A: My lover's dog is so lovely. Her name is Adam. (Con chĩ của người yêu em thật đáng yêu. Tên nĩ là Adam.) B: Her name is what? (Tên nĩ là gì cơ?) Đăng ký mua trọn bộ lớp 10 và 11 trọng tâm Nguyễn Hữu Tiến lien hệ zalo: 0344.371.627 PART II. PRACTICE 1. Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase. 1. a. deforestation 2. b. lawmaker 3. c. fertilizer 4. d. catastrophic 5. e. light bulb Your answer: 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 2. Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription. 1. ___ /iˈmɪʃn/ (n): ___ 2. ___ /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ (adj): ___ 3. ___ /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj): ___ 4. ___ /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ (n): ___ 5. ___ /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): ___ 6. ___ /ˈnjuːmərəs/ (adj): ___ 7. ___ /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (v): ___ 8. ___ /ˈkỉptʃə(r)/ (v): ___ 9. ___ /əbˈzɔːb/ (v): ___ 10. ___ /ˈfỉmɪn/ (n): ___ 3. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. ___ (take off) his shoes, he realized that they smelled awful. 2. ___ (reach) the top of the mountain, they started a fire. 3. Their clients agreed to pay by check after ___ (receive) the contracts. 4. He went out to play after ___ (ask) his mother's permission. 5. We went to bed after ___ (switch) all the lights. 6. My friend's cousin apologized for ___ (break) my vase 4 months ago.
4. 7. His neighbors suspected him of ___ (dump) a lot of rubbish onto the beach. 8. The president was awarded for ___ (promote) the close relationship between two countries. 9. Last week, that strong man ___ (accuse) of having attacked the old lady's puppy. 10. They congratulated their beloved mayor on ___ (give) an excellent speech. 4. Complete the following sentences. 1. He did not drive home himself after ___. 2. ___, they had no desire to go there. 3. ___, he was taken to hospital and had an operation. 4. She said good-bye to him after ___. 5. Farmers turned to use bio-fertilizers after ___. 5. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences. 1. Have washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender. ___ 2. The sales manager was praised for take an important role in the development of the organization. ___ 3. Read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer. ___ 4. The board of director made big decisions after discuss for a long time. ___ 5. The architect's co-worker apologized for having not kept his promise. ___ PART III. TEST YOURSELF 1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences. came up disrupted upset identified suffering suspect fertilizer went through numerous alternatives 1. He spread ___ on the field with a rake. 2. Many companies are ___ from a shortage of skilled staff. 3. She ___ with a new idea for increasing sales. 4. She ___ the company's accounts, looking for evidence of fraud. 5. He arrived an hour late and ___ all our arrangements. 6. We can agree to their terms or else pull out of the deal completely: those are the two ___ 7. Scientists have ___ a link between diet and cancer. 8. If you ___ a gas leak, do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light. 9. The advantages of this system are too ___ to mention. 10. Bus services will be ___ tomorrow because of the bridge closure. 2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right. 1. irresponsible a. not thinking enough about the effects of what they do 2. alternative b. existing in large numbers 3. identify c. that can be used instead of something else 4. numerous d. causing a lot of damage and suffering 5. catastrophic e. to find or discover somebody/something Your answer: 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets. 1. The government has pledged to clean up industrial ___ (emit)
5. 2. Flu is highly ___ (infect) 3. We risk upsetting the (ecology) ___ balance of the area. 4. Strikes are causing severe ___ to all train services. (disrupt) 5. The mountain gorilla is on the verge of ___ (extinct) 6. Police are investigating the ___ of a young woman. (appear) 7. There is a need for greater ___ and choice in education. (diverse) 8. Profits have increased ___ over the past few years. (signify) 9. State ___ have been arguing over the new healthcare reform bill for months. (lawmake) 10. It is said that land erosion is caused by widespread ___. (forest) 4. Choose the best answer. 1. We apologize for the delay in answering your letter. The underlined word has the closest meaning to ___. A. decay B. repay C. agreement D. postponement 2. William: "Who will come to Thomas's housewarming party?" - Scot: “___” A. He's invited all his fellow workers. B. No, I haven't been there. C. It will be warm house. D. He's cooking rice and noodle. 3. The country's entire grain harvest has been hit by a ___. A. brought B. fought C. drought D. sought 7. The related publications are far too numerous ___ list individually. A. to B. from C. of D. into 5. "After her partner had uninstalled a program, he restarted the computer." has the closest meaning to ___. A. After had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer, B. Had uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer. C. Having uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer. D. After uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer 6. "That policeman had hidden the special statue in a wooden box, but he denied this." has the closest meaning to ___. A. That policeman denied to have hidden the special statue in a wooden box. B. That policeman denied had hidden the special statue in a wooden box. C. That policeman denied having hide the special statue in a wooden box. D. That policeman denied having hidden the special statue in a wooden box. 7. Scientists worry about the ___ of many species of plants and animals from our planet. A. erupt B. amount C. erode D. disappearance 8. The heavy rain has caused ___ in many parts of the country. A. food B. drought C. importance D. floods 9. Plants ___ carbon dioxide from the air. A. absorb B. resource C. sort D. export 10. You need to ___ the tension in these shoulder muscles. A. release B. pleasure C. strengthen D. enlighten 11. Your receptionnist talked to me after ___ with some other customers. A. have dealt B. having dealt C. dealt D. having dealing 12. The police suspected that strange van driver of ___ and eaten many wild animals. A. hunting B. hunted C. having hunted D. had hunted 13. The factory ___ for dumping tons of toxic waste into the river. A. was heavily fine B. was heavily fined C. was heavily fining D. was heavily fines 14. There's an increased ___ for organic produce these days. A. success B. prepare C. demand D. complete 15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others. A. emission B. infectious C. identify D. fertilizer
6. 16. We know of several mass ___ in the earth's history, A. distinction B. extinction C. distinct D. extinctions 17. Choose the answer which needs correcting. Spend all the money on advertising, he ended up going home empty-handed. A B C D 18. Choose the answer which needs correcting. The student was criticized on having written his final paper carelessly. A B C D 19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others. A. alternative B. catastrophic C. interference D. disappearance 20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others. A. ecological B. extinction C. significantly D. economy 5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences. 1. the / was / having / of / He / stolen / money. / accused ___ 2. wine. / She / up / of / suddenly, / glass / stood / upsetting / a ___ 3. trap. / he / right / walked / the / nothing, / Suspecting / into ___ 4. finished / Having/ his / he / to / all / bed. / homework, / went ___ 5. film / before, / Having / the / the / didn't seen / want / I / to / to / cinema. / go ___ 6. Read the passage and choose the best answer. Mitigation and adaptation Mitigation - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport) or enhancing the "sinks" that ___ (1) and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human ___ (2) with the climate system, and "stabilize greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, page 4). Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate. The goal is to reduce our ___ (3) to the harmful effects of climate change (like sea- level encroachment, more intense extreme weather events or food insecurity). It also encompasses making the most of any potential beneficial opportunities ___ (4) with climate change (for example, longer growing seasons or increased yields in some regions). Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped ___ (5) changes in climate and extremes with varying degrees of success. Climate change (drought in particular) has been at least partly ___ (6) for the rise and fall of civilizations. Earth's climate has been relatively stable for the past 12,000 years and
7. this ___ (7) has been crucial for the development of our modern civilization and life as we know it. Modern life is tailored to the stable climate we have become accustomed to. As our climate changes, we will have to learn to adapt. The faster the climate changes, the harder it could be. While climate change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. Cities and municipalities are therefore at the frontline of adaptation. In the ___ (8) of national or international climate policy direction, cities and local communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate problems. They are working to build flood defenses, plan for heatwaves and higher temperatures, install water-permeable pavements to better deal with floods and stormwater and improve water storage and use. According to the 2014 report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (page 8) from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, governments at various levels are also getting better ___ (9) adaptation. Climate change is starting to be factored into a ___ (10) of development plans: how to manage the increasingly extreme disasters we are seeing and their associated risks, how to protect coastlines and deal with sea-level encroachment, how to best manage land and forests, how to deal with and plan for reduced water availability, how to develop resilient crop varieties and how to protect energy and public infrastructure. 1. A. private B. separate C. dedicate D. accumulate 2. A. independence B. interference C. indicate D. interrupt 3. A. view B. vulnerability C. volcano D. visible 4. A. associated B. ashamed C. allow D. aimed 5. A. onto B. into C. with D. over 6. A. responsible B. visible C. focus D. impossible 7. A. ability B. able C. stable D. stability 8. A. absent B. abstract C. absence D. abscess 9. A. at B. to C. over D. behind 10. A. several B. lots C. much D. variety Fun corner You have 20 seconds to answer these 2 questions. 1. What question must always be answered "Yes"? A. Are you a human? B. Will everyone die someday? C. Does everyone have a biological mother? D. What does Y-E-S spell? 2. What has a tail but no body? A. A human! B. A cloud! C. A coin!