Chuyên đề luyện thi THPT môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề luyện thi THPT môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

1. Week 1 Date of planning Date of teaching Tenses and mixed tenses I. Aims: Help Ss review tenses and do exercises relating to mixed tenses II. Preparing: Handouts III.Procedure Teacher: giving handouts Phần lý thuyết: Dạng 1: Chia động từ dựa vào trạng từ nhận biết Ở dạng này, các em phải nắm vững những dấu hiệu về thì dựa theo cách dùng hoặc những trạng từ nhận biết và điều quan trọng là các em phải thuộc công thức của các thì cơ bản trong Tiếng Anh. VD1: Cho hình thức đúng của đông từ trong ngoặc: 1. Water boils (boil) at 1000C. => dùng thì HTĐ, diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên. 2. I have known them for many years : dùng thì HTHT, dựa vào dấu hiệu FOR + time Dạng 2: Phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian Ở dạng này các em phải biết phối hợp thì giửa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian đi với: WHEN: Khi đó UNTIL: cho đến khi = TILL WHILE: Trong khi AS SOON AS: ngay khi BEFORE: Trước khi = BY THE TIME SINCE: kể từ khi AFTER: sau khi Để làm tốt dạng bài tập này các em cần phải thực hiện các bước sau: - Xác định ngữ cảnh trong câu xem những hành động này xảy ra ở QK , HT, hay TL - Xác định trong câu có những trạng từ chỉ thời gian gì - Tiến hành phối hợp thì theo quy tắc riêng của nó: 1. Ngữ cảnh ở QK: (thường các em sẽ gặp những trạng từ như YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT, AGO hoặc một động từ đã được chia ở thì QK) VD1: We were having supper when the phone ran when + QKĐ, QKTD ; QKTD + when + QKĐ : QKĐ + when + QKTD VD2: My father was reading newspaper while I was listening to music while + QKTD, QKĐ ; QKĐ + while + QKTD ; QKTD + while + QKTD VD3: Before he arrived, everybody had left Before/ by the time + QKĐ, QKHT ; QKHT + before/by the time + QKĐ VD4: After I had finished work, I went out with my friends. After + QKHT, QKĐ ; QKĐ + after + QKHT 2. Ngữ cảnh ở tương lai: (thường các em sẽ gặp những trạng từ như TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK, NEXT MONTH hoặc một động từ được chia ở thì tương lai) S +will Thì / shall /may SIMPLE/can + whenPRESENT /until / as soon as / before SIMPLE + HTĐ / PASTHTHT Dạng (Hiện tại đơn) (Quá khứ đơn) VD1: I will wait here until they come KhẳngVD2: After định I get home, I will eatS + dinnerV[-s/es] S + V-ed/V cột 2 Phủ địnhLưu ý: HTHT + Ssince + don’t + QKĐ / doesn’t; Since + +QKĐ, V(inf) HTHT S + didn’t + V(inf) NghiVD3: vấn She has taught hereDo since/ Does she + graduated S + V(inf) ? Did + S + V(inf) ? Bị động am / is / are + V-ed/ V cột 3 was / were + V-ed/ V cột 3 1
2. - yesterday - always, usually, occasionally, - last + time: last week, last Sunday often, Nhận biết - time+ ago : two months ago, five years - every : every day, every year ago - once a day , twice , 3 times - in the past Thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS Dạng (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) Khẳng định S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ? Was / Were + S + V-ing ? am / is / are + being + V-ed/V cột Bị động was / were + being + V-ed/V cột 3 3 - At that moment - now, at present - When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ - at the moment were Ving Nhận biết - Sau câu mệnh lệnh : When I came, she was crying. Keep silent! The baby is sleeping. - While : Look! He is running. A dog crossed the road while I was driving. Thì PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT Dạng (Hiện tại hoàn thành) (Qúa thứ hoàn thành) Khẳng định S + has / have + V-ed/V cột 3 S + had + V-ed/V cột 3 Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V cột 3 S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V cột 3 Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V cột 3 ? Had + S + V-ed/ V cột 3 ? Bị động has / have + been + V-ed/ V cột 3 had been + V-ed/ V cột 3 - just, already, ever, yet, recently, - after + S + had VpII , (simple past) lately, - before + (simple past), S + had V Nhận biết pII - since, for : since 1995, for 9 years - By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had - so far, up to now VpII: cho đến lúc Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT Dạng (Tương lai đơn) (Tương lai hoàn thành) Khẳng S + will + V (inf) S + will have+ V-ed/ V cột 3 định Phủ định S + won’t + V (inf) S + won’t have + V-ed/ V cột 3 Nghi vấn Will + S + V (inf) ? Will + S + have + V-ed/ V cột 3 ? Bị động will be + V-ed/ V cột 3 will be + V-ed/ V cột 3 - tomorrow - by the end of this month Nhận biết - next + time : next week, next Monday - by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + - in the future will have VpII Khi chia động từ cần chú ý sự hòa hợp của chủ ngữ (S) và động từ (V): * S1 + and + S2 => chia ĐT số nhiều. Ví dụ : Tom and Mary were late yesterday. * Each, every, no + noun => chia ĐT số ít. Ví dụ : Each boy and girl has a textbook. No student is present * (N)either + S1 + (n)or + S2 => chia ĐT theo S2. Ví dụ : He or you are the best student. Neither I nor he likes football. * S1, as well as + S2 => chia theo S1. Ví dụ : John, as well as you, is responsible for that report. * Chủ ngữ là danh từ chỉ đo lường, giá cả, tiền => chia ĐT số ít. Ví dụ : 5,000 dollars is a big sum of money. 2
3. * Đại từ bất định (everyone, something, nobody ) => chia ĐT số ít. Ví dụ : Everybody is in the room. Bài tập thực hành dạng 1 Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của đông từ trong ngoặc: 1. I (have) coffee for breakfast every morning. 2. The student (look) up that new word right now. 3. Be quiet ,the baby (sleep). 4. My friend ( be) in hospital for a long time, and he cannot go home yet. 5. They ( read) the newspaper yesterday. 6. I (learn) English for two years. 7. Perhaps I (see) you again one day. 8. Summer (follow) Spring. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. So far, many beautiful hotels in HCM city A. were built B. has been built C. are built D. have been built 2. you paint the house last years ? A. Was B. Were C. Did D. Have 3. We Dorothy since last Saturday. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen 4. My sister for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 5. Hurry up, Jane ! We all for you A. wait B. are waiting C. waiting D. are waited 6. Mary me an hour ago. A. phoned B. has phoned C. phones D. was phoning 7. Up to now, I a lot of information about her. A. would learn B. learnt C. have learnt D. will learn Bài tập thực hành dạng 2: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của đông từ trong ngoặc. 1. I’ll come and see you before I (leave) for the States. 2. John (read) a book when I saw him. 3. Almost everyone (leave) for home by the time we arrived. 4. Henry (go) into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner. 5. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he (finish) dinner. 6. Before you asked, I (write) these letters 7. He fell down when he (run) towards the church. 8. The light went out while I (have) dinner. 9. They (help) her as soon as they have completed the work. 10. You will see him when he (come) here tomorrow. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. He for 25 years before he retired last year. A. has taught B. had been teaching C. has been teaching D. was teaching 2. Please send me a postcard as soon as you in London. A. will arrive B. is going to arrive C. have arrived D. arrive 3. I saw John yesterday morning while I home from work. A. walked B. am walking C. was walking D. had been walking 4. As soon as you your homework, you will be allowed to go out. A. are doing B. had done C. did D. have done 5. After Mary her degree, she intends to work in her father’s company. A. will finish B. finishes C. is finishing D. will have finished 6. She has worked as a secretary she graduated fro college. A. until B. while C. before D. since 7. Ann for me when I arrived A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited C. has been waiting 3
4. 8. My handbag was stolen we were playing tennis. A. after B. before C. during D. while 9. They won’t come home until they everything. A. had seen B. saw C. were seeing D. see 10. Don’t come I have finished lunch. A. after B. as soon as C. since D. until CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG Phần lí thuyết: 3 1. Hình thức chung: BE + V ed (quá khứ phân từ) 2. Nghĩa: bị, được 3. Hình thức bị động của từng thì cụ thể: ed - Hiện tại đơn: S + am / is / are + V3 ed - Quá khứ đơn: S + was / were + V3 ed - Hiện tại tiếp diễn: S + am / is / are + being + V3 ed - Quá khứ tiếp diễn: S + was / were + being + V3 ed - Hiện tại hoàn thành: S + have / has + been + V3 ed - Quá khứ hoàn thành: S + had + been + V3 ed - Động từ khiếm khuyết (can, will, may, should ): S + modals + be + V3 4. Các dạng đặc biệt: a. Causative form (Thể nhờ bảo): “Have”, “Get”. - Chủ động: S + have + O (person) + V0 + O (thing) ed - Bị động: S + have + O (thing) + V3 VD: I had him repair the roof yesterday. I had the roof repaired yesterday. - Chủ động: S + get + O.1 + to V0 + O.2 ed - Bị động: S + get + O.2 + V3 VD: I will get her to cut my hair. I will get my hair cut. b. Verbs of opinion: Say, Think, Believe, Know, Report, Declare (V1) Có 2 dạng bị động: - Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 - Bị động: => It + (be) + V1 (3/ed) + that + S2 + V2 => S2 + (be) + V1 (3/ed) + to + Vo Hoặc + to have + V1 (3/ed) . VD: - They say that John is the brightest student in class. => It is said that John is the brightest student in class. => John is said to be the brightest student in class. c. Passive of MAKE - Chủ động: S + make + O + Vo - Bị động: S + (be) made + TO + Vo d. Passive of NEED - Chủ động: S + need + TO V : cần phải 3 - Bị động: S + need + Ving / to be V ed : cần được Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. People ___ (grow) much rice in Mekong Delta. 2. Rice ___ in Mekong Delta. 3. Someone ___ (break) the window last night. 4
5. 4. The window ___ (break) last night. 5. The children are using the computers right now. 6. The computers ___ by the chldren right now. 7. They ___ (not, use) the room for ages. 8. The room ___ (not, use) for ages. 9. My mother ___ (prepare) the dinner when I arrived home, so I took a shower first. 10. The dinner ___ (prepare) when I arrived home, so I took a shower first. 11. People ___ (speak) English at the meeting tomorrow. 12. English ___ (speak) at the meeting tomorrow. 13. My father had someone ___ (wash) his car. 14. My father had his car ___ (wash) 15. The lady makes his son ___ (drink) milk every night. 16. His son is made ___ milk every night. 17. The pupils are thought ___ (go) to school by bus everyday. 18. The pupils are thought ___ (go) to school by bus yesterday. 19. She got the man ___ (paint) the gate. 20. She got the gate ___(paint) by the man Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất để hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. We can’t have our car now; ___ at the garage. A. it’s still being repaired B. it’s still repairing C. it’s still repaired D. it’s still being repairing 2. John___ you when he has finished the report. A. was calling B. was being called C. will call D. will be called 3. When I returned, I found that my car ___away. A. had been pulling B. has been pulling C. has been pulled D. had been pulled 4. The house ___six decades ago. A. was built B. was building C. will be built D. was to be built 5. The building ___ A. is being demolished B. is demolishing C. has demolished D. been demolished 6. While I ___this morning , I met Jane . A. shop B. shopping C. was shopping D. am shopping 7. Wait here until I ___ you. A. am calling B. am going to call C. call D. will call 8. This room ___for ages. A. hasn’t used B. hasn’t been used C. hadn’t used D. hadn’t been used 9. I’m going to have my house ___ this weekend. A. is redecorated B. redecorated C. will be redecorated D. redecorate 10. I’d like to have my shoes ___ at once. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired 11. My shoes need ___ A. to clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaned D. B & C 12. Pupils are made ___ hard at school. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 13. The factory is said ___ in a fire two years ago. A. being destroyed B. to have been destroyed C. to have destroyed D. to destroy 14. He is said ___ a good student in the class A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been 15. English ___ all over the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. was spoken D. is spoken 5
6. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ I. Phần lý thuyết: 1. Danh từ (NOUN) a. Danh từ số ít (Singular Noun) - Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable noun) Ex: food, milk, sugar, salt, fruit - Danh từ theo sau A/ AN (không ở hình thức số nhiều) Ex: a book, a box, an apples b. Danh từ số nhiều (Plural Noun) - Danh từ tận cùng là _S / _ES Ex: books, boxes, apples, c. Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều: N(số ít) + S/ES N(số nhiều) *Những danh những danh từ bất quy tắc cần nhớ singular plural child children man men woman women bacterium bacteria ox oxen person people -Danh từ số nhiều nhưng hình thức số ít:: Ex: the police, children, women, cattle - Danh từ số ít nhưng luôn có S: 1. Bệnh: measles (sởi), mumps (quai bị), rickets (còi xương), SARS, AIDS 2. Môn học: Mathematics, Physics, 3. Thể thao: Gymnastics, billiars, . 4. Quốc gia: The United States, The Phillipines 5. Tổ chức: The United Nations 2. Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ (Subject and verb agreement) * Quy tắc chung Ssố ít+ Vsố ít Ex: The student is learning English. The worker works very well. Ssố nhiều + Vsố nhiều Ex: The students are learning English. The workers work very well. *Các dạng đặc biệt: 1. S1 + and + S2 + V (số nhiều) Ex: He and his friends are good students. John and I are going to play tennis. 2. with / together with S1 + along with / as well as + S2 + V (theo S1) accompanied by Ex: The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight. 3. Either or Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (theo S 2) Not only but also Ex: Either you or I am wrong Neither Tom’s parents nor his teacher is satisfied with his progress. 6
7. 4. Every Noun (singular) Each + + V (số ít) Either Neither of + Noun (plural) Ex: Every child has a toy. Each job needs patience. Each of the patients is examined every day. 5. Every / some Any / no + one / body / thing + V (số ít) Ex: Everyone is ready. 6. A number of + Noun (plural) + V (số nhiều) The number of + Noun (plural) + V (số ít) Ex: A number of the applicants have already been interviewed. The number of days in a week is seven. 7. S (N + preposition phrase) + V(theo danh từ) Ex: The study of languages is very interesting. 8. Gerund (as Subject) + V (số ít) Ex: Writing many letters makes her happy. 9. There + be + N (chia theo danh từ) Ex: There are 28 students in my class. Phần bài tập: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. Neither Bill nor Mary ___ (be) going to the party tonight. 2. A number of reporters ___ (be) at the conference yesterday. 3. Everything ___ (be) all right so far. 4. Physics ___ (be) my best subject at school. 5. The United Nations ___ (consist) of about 160 nations. 6. Washing dishes ___ (be) women’s work. 7. The number of days in a week ___ (be) seven. 8. His answers to the questions ___ (change) so far. 9. There___ (be) only a few people at the meeting last night. 10. Both of the girls___ (be) pretty, but neither of them ___ (be) intelligent. 11. There ___ (be) a few flowers in this garden last summer. 12. Much progress___ (have) been made in recent weeks. 13. Collecting old coins and paper notes ___ (be) one of my grandfather's hobbies when he retired. 14. Everybody___ (try) to do the best at present. 15. The English ___ (like) to drink tea. Chọn đáp án đúng hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. Each of you responsible for this. A. are B. being C. is D. be 2. Bill together with his brothers to the beach every morning. A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 3. Either the monitor or the athletes to blame for the bad result. A. be B. are C. is D. to be 4. Everyone with me about my plans. A. agree B. agreeing C. disagree D. agrees 5. Tim as well as his relatives safe from the hurricane. A. be B. is C. are D. being 6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment announced on TV last night. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7
8. 7. Fifty minutes the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. A. is B. be C. are D. were 8. The cost of living over 10% in the last few years. A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. is rising 9. A number of sheep eating grass now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. Measles sometimes a serious disease. A. is B. are C. being D. be 11. Making cakes and pies Mrs. Reed’s specialty. A. are B. were C. is D. be 12. Plenty of milk consumed everyday. A. are B. were C. is D. was 13. SARS an epidemic that kills many people in china. A. are B. were C. have been D. is 14. The United States between Canada and Mexico. A. lying B. lies C. lain D. lie 15.The students in the next classroom very loudly everyday. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. talks CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Phần lý thuyết: Sử dụng thì trong câu tường thuật Các em tiến hành theo các bước: - Xác định động từ tường thuật xem coi nó ở QK => Lùi thì; HT => Không lùi thì. - Xác định động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật dựa vào trạng từ. - Lưu ý nếu là dạng câu hỏi, các em cần phải sắp xếp theo đúng trật của câu tường thuật (không có đảo ngữ). VD1: He said he had worked (work) here for six years. - Trong VD2, các em xác định từ said là ở QK => lùi thì. - Trong mệnh đề tường thuật có for 6 years => HTHT nên các em phải lùi thành QKHT. - Đây là câu kể nên các em chia QKHT (had worked) là đúng. VD3: They asked her the day before. A. what you had done B. what did she do C. what had she done D. what she had done - Trong VD3, các em xác định từ “asked” là QK => lùi thì. - Trong mđ tường thuật có “the day before” là chuyển đổi của “yesterday” : QKĐ => QKHT. - Đây là dạng câu hỏi W-H nên có dạng : S + V + (O) + W-h + S + V. Vậy các em chỉ còn đáp án A và D. Nhưng ở A, “you” chưa được đổi, nên chọn D là đúng. Bài tập ứng dụng: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. She said that she (already, see) DR. Rice. 2. They told me they (not, eat) such kind of food before 3. He said he (return) later. 4. She said she (collect) it for me after work. 5. Jason asked me who (give)me the book the day before. 6. Robert said that his father (go) to Dallas the year before. 7. He wanted to know if we (go) shopping during the previous morning. 8. John often says he (not, like) boxing because it (be) a cruel sport. Bài tập 2: Chon từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau. 8
9. 1. She said I ___ an angel. A. am B. was C. were D. have been 2. I have ever told you he ___ unreliable. A. is B. were C. had been D. would be 3. John asked me ___ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 4. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since ___. A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day 5. John asked me ___ that film the night before. A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen 6. She asked me ___. A. where was her umbrella B. where her umbrella was C. where were her umbrella D. where her umbrella were 7. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer ___. A. before B. ago C. last D. previous 8. Andrew told me that they ___ fish two previous days. A. have not eaten B. had not eaten C. did not eat D. would not eat 9. Jason told me that he ___ his best in the exam the following day. A. had done B. will do C. would do D. was going 10. Did they say they ___ me again ? A. will phone B. have phoned C. would phone D. had phoned Dạng 2: Sử dụng hình thức của động từ trong câu tường thuật Trong dạng này các em phải thuộc công thức của câu tường thuật ở dạng mệnh lệnh khẳng định và phủ định, một số động từ đặc biệt như: Suggest + Ving : đề nghị advise + O + to Vo: khuyên ai làm gì Deny + Ving : từ chối đã làm gì invite + O + to Vo : mời ai làm gì Admit + Ving : thừa nhận đã làm remind + O + toVo : nhắc nhở ai làm gì Apologize for + Ving: xin lỗi ai vì đã ask + O + to Vo : yêu cầu ai làm gì Look forward to + Ving: mong đợi làm gì promise to Vo : hứa làm gì Accuse + O + of + Ving : tố cáo ai đã agree + to Vo : đồng ý làm gí Thank + O + for + Ving: cám ơn ai vì đã refuse + to Vo : từ chối ko làm gì Prevent + O + from + : ngăn cản ai làm gì encourage + O + to Vo: khuyến khích ai làm Blame + O + for + Ving: phàn nàn ai đã allow + O + to Vo: cho phép ai làm VD1: I told her ___ on the stairs. A. don’t sit B. not sit C. not to sit D. to not sit - Trong VD1, các em phải nhìn những đáp áp để nhận ra dạng của câu tường thuật. Đây là dạng mệnh lệnh phủ định, vậy các em phải nhớ công thức : Speaker + told / asked + O + not to Vo , dựa vào đây, các em chọn đáp án C là đúng VD2: “Don’t play video games all the time!”, he said. A. He told the boy not tot play video games all the time. B. He said to the boy not play video games all the time. C. He told to the boy not to play video games all the time. D. He said the boy not play video games all the time. - Trong VD2, các em cũng phải nhận dạng được đây là mệnh lệnh khẳng định để loại 2 đáp án không đúng là B, D vì trong câu mệnh lệnh, không dùng động từ tường thuật “said”. Các em cũng có quyền loại đáp án C vì “told” không đi với “to”. Vậy đáp án A là đúng. VD3: The office ___ us to pay the money. 9
10. A. suggested B. reminded C. thanked D. admitted - Trong VD3, các em dựa vào hình thức của các động từ (như thầy đã liệt kê ơ trên) của từng đáp án, vậy chỉ có đáp án B là đúng. VD4: “If I were you, I would take the job,” said my room-mate. A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job . B. My room-mate advised me to take the job. C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me. D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me. - Trong VD4, các em phải biết nội dung của câu tường thuật trực tiếp (nếu tôi là bạn tôi sẽ nhận công việc đó). Như vậy có nghĩa là khuyên ai làm gì đó => động từ tường thuật sẽ chúng ta sẽ dùng ADVISE. Đáp án B là chính xác nhất Bài tập thực hành: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. His parents never allowed him A. smoking B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke 2. The teacher told his students ___ laughing. A. to stop B. stopping C. stop D. stopped 3. His sister apologized ___ rude to him. A. to be B. for being C. to being D. being 4. I advised her ___ anything about it to her friends. A. not saying B. not to say C. saying D. not say 5. I asked Barbara to let me ___ her car for the weekend. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 6. I'm looking forward ___ receiving your email soon. A. at B. to C. in D. for 7. The teacher advised him ___ harder. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studies 8. The mother told her son ___ so impolitely. A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave 9. She told the boys ___ on the grass. A. do not play B. did not play C. not playing D. not to play 10. He advised ___ too far. A. her did not go B. her do not go C. her not to go D. she did not go 11. He asked ___ him some money. A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends 12. She apologized to the teacher ___ being late. A. to B. for C. about D. on 13. I ___ everybody for all the help they had given me. A. thanked B. blamed C. apologized D. suggested 14. The teacher encouraged ___ good compositions. A. us write B. us to write C. us writing D. us to writing 15. The doctor told me ___. A. I stay in bed for a few days B. I will stay in bed for a few days C. I have to stay in bed for a few days D. to stay in bed for a few days CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5:CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN Phần lý thuyết: 10
11. Câu điều kiện thường có 1 mệnh đề chính (main clause) và 1 mệnh đề phụ (If clause). Mệnh đề phụ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Có 4 loại câu điều kiện: Loại Mệnh đê - IF Mệnh đề chính S + Vo (to be: I s/es S + will /shall/ can /may/must + Vo am/is/are) o o II S + V ed (to be: were) S + would/could/might + V 3 S + would/could/might + have + III S + had + V ed 3 V ed  Lưu ý: - Có thể bỏ If nếu trợ động từ đứng trước động từ như: If it stops raining = Should it stop raining. If I were rich = Were I rich If he had known = Had he known - Unless = If not These plants will die unless you water them regularly. These plants will die if you don’t water them regularly. - Provide (that); On condition (that); As long as; So long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là ) - Suppose, supposing: giả sử - In case: trong trường hợp, phòng khi, nhỡ mà - Even if: dù là, cho là VD: I’ll accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory. In case I forget, please remind me ò my promise. Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do? Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were very busy. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc 1. You are late. If you ___ (come) a few minutes earlier, you ___ (meet) him. 2. If there are no subjunctive mood, English ___ (be) much easier. 3. I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I ___ (have) time. 4. What would you do if you ___ (win) a million pounds? 5. If you didn’t do this, you ___ (be) punished. 6. If he had told me the truth, I ___ (punish) him. 7. “What do you think about the U.S?” “If I had known it was so industrialized. I ___ (be)come here” 8. If they had not given me advice, I ___ (fail) again. 9. If it ___ (rain) the match will be postponed 10. I would have met you at the bus terminal if I ___ (know)that you were arriving. 11. If there ___ (be) no floods last year, the crop ___ (be)better. 12. I don’t have enough time. If I ___ (have) more time, I ___ (come) to see you. 13. Peter failed the final exam. If he ___(work) harder, he ___ (succeed) 14. If he ___ (be) taller, he ___ (be) able to join the police. 15. If I had known it would rain, I ___(take) my umbrellA. Bài tập 2: Viết lại những câu sau sử dụng từ gợi ý. 1. I don’t know your address, so I can’t write you a letter. => If 2. I live in a countryside because I don’t have a house in the city. => If 3. If you don’t start early, you will miss the train. => Unless 4. She didn’t call me last night because she didn’t know my phone number. => If 5. They cancelled the trip because it rained heavily. 11
12. => If . 6. He is overweight. He eats too much => If . 7. The room is cold because they leave the door open. => If . 8. Unless she works hard, she will fail the next exam. => If 9. I didn’t buy a bicycle because I didn’t have enough money. => I would 10. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me. => Had . Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất 1. If I were you, I___that. A. would apply for B. will ask for C. will have changed D. can take 2. If I___a wish. I’d wish for happiness for my family. A. have B. been having C. had D. was having 3. If we had had time, we___to the party. A. can go B. will go C. would have gone D. will have gone 4. We couldn’t understand th teacher if he___too fast. A. spoke B. has spoken C. doesn’t speak D. didn’t speak 5. If everything is all right, we___our work on time. A. complete B. are completing C. have completed D. will complete 6. What___if the Earth suddenly stopped going around the Sun? A. happens B. will happen C. would happen D. happenned 7. Unless you___quiet, I’ll scream. A. don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep 8. You’ll be able to speak English well if you___harD. A. study B. studied C. would study D. had studied 9. If I___you, I ___invitation. A. am/will refuse B. was/will refuse C. were/would refuse D. had been/will refuse 10. ___, I’d have told you the answer. A. If you asked me B. Had you asked me C. You had asked me D. Unless you asked me 11. I didn’t try hard, so I didn’t succeed. A. If I tried hard, I would succeed. B. If I had tried hard, I would succeed. C. If I tried hard, I would have succeeded. D. If I had tried hard, I would have succeeded. 12. Mary didn’t wear the raincoat, she would get a cold. A. If mary wore the raincoat, she wouldn’t get a cold. B. If mary had worn the raincoat, she didn’t get a cold. C. If mary had worn the raincoat, she wouldn’t have got a cold. D. If mary has worn the raincoat, she won’t have got a cold. 13. I haven’t got money, so I’m not going on holiday. A. Having no money made me go on holiday. B. Not having money on my holiday got me down. C. If I have money, I’ll go on holiday. D. If Ihad money, I would go on holiday. 14. We didn't go on holiday last year because we didn't have enough money. A. If we hadn’t had enough money, we wouldn’t have gone on holiday last year. B. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year. C. If we hadn't had enough money, we would have gone on holiday last year. D. Unless we had enough money, we would go on holiday last year. 15. If I had enough money, . A. I will buy that house B. I could buy that house C. I can buy that house D. I am buy that house 12
13. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: MỆNH ĐỀ AO ƯỚC (WISH) Phần lý thuyết: a) Future wish: (mong ước ở tương lai) S + wish (es) S + would + V0 (If only) (Could) VD: He wishes he would be an astronaut in the future. If only I would be able to attend your party next Sunday. B. Present wish: (mong ước ở hiện tại) ed S + wish (es) S + V /2 (If only) (be were) VD: I can’t swim. I wish I could swim. If only my mother were here. (My mother isn’t here. I wish my mother were here) C. Past wish: (ao ước ở quá khứ) 3 S + wish (es) S + had + V /ed (If only) VD: She wished she hadn’t failed her exam last year. (she failed her exam) If only I had met him yesterday. (I didn’t meet him) Phần bài tập Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc: 1. I wish someone___(give) me a job next month. 2. If only I___(have) motr time to do this work. 3. He missed an exciting football match on T.V last night. He wishes he ___(watch) it. 4. I wish I ___ (can take) the trip to Dalat with you next week. 5. He wishes his father___(be) here now to help him. 6. I wish she___(come) to see me yesterday. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất 1. We wish we___a large house but we can’t afford it now. A. have B. had C. can have D. will have 2. My friend won’t lend me his car. I wish___. A. he lent me his car B. he didn’t lend me his car C. he would lend me his car D. he will lend me his car 3. My mother is not free today. I wish___. A. my mother is free today B. my mother won’t be busy today C. my mother would be free today D. my mother were free today 4. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money on me. I wish___. A. I have got no money on me B. I have some money on me C. I had some money on me D. I had got no money on me 5. I’m fraid our team will lose the game today. I wish___. A. our team won the game today. B. our team would win the game today. C. our team didn’t lose the game today. D. out team had won the game today. 6. My friends didn’t take part in the game. I wish___. A. my friends took part in the game. B. my friends had taken part in the game. C. my friends would take part in the game. D. my friends did take part in the game. 7. It wasn’t fine yesterday. I wish___. A. it was fine yesterday B. it would fine yesterday 13
14. C. it will fine yesterday D. it had been fine yesterday 8. I wish I ___more time now to help you with your lesson. A. have B. had C. would have D. had had 9. I wish I ___psychology when I was a college student. A. had studied B. would study C. studied D. study 10. I wish someone___to help me with that work tomorrow. A. offer B. offered C. would offer D. had offered CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: I. THE INFINITIVE (TO V) 1. *Verb +To V: Agree arrange attempt ask decide demand determine desire expect fail help hope intend learn manage mean need offer plan prepare pretend promise propose refuse seem tend want wish Would like Ex: He doesn’t want to know. 2. Sau một số từ để hỏi: I don’t know how to use this computer. I don’t know what to do 3. *Verb +O +To V: Advise allow ask enable encourage expect invite order permit request tell want warn wish Ex: He advised me to leave here early. II. GERUND: ( V-ing / not V-ing) 1. *Verb + V-ing / not V-ing Admit appreciate avoid can’t help consider delay deny detest enjoy finish keep imagine mind hate miss mention postpone practise prevent escape quit resent resist risk suggest understand dislike Prefer Ex: We enjoy playing football. 2. Những thành ngữ với”go+V-ing”: Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping(đi mua sắm) go swimming Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá) 3. Preposition+gerund(giới từ + V-ing): Interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apolosize for(xin lỗi về) Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instea of (thay vì) Fond of (thich) , look forward to (trông mong ) thank sb for (cám ơn ai về ), prevent from 4. Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions+gerund): -can’t help -can’t bear, can’t stand (không thể chịu được) -it is no good, it is no use (vô ích) -there is no (không còn cách) -would you mind? (xin ông làm ơn) -do you mind(ông có phiền không) -have trouble(lo lắng, phiền muộn) 5. *Adjectives +gerund: Busy (bận rộn) Worth (đáng ,xứng đáng) 14
15. 6. * Sau articles (the), tính từ sở hữu (my, her, his, their ) Would you mind my opening the windows? = would you mind if I opened the windows? 7. Những cấu trúc khác Prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing : . Spend + time + V-ing . Waste + time+ V-ing Need + V-ing : III. NOTES: A. GERUND or INFINITIVE: (the meaning changes) VERBS MEANINGS EXAMPLES + to V (hành động chưa xảy ra) Remember Please remember to return the book tomorrow. Forget + V-ing (hành động đã xảy ra) Regret I’ll never forget seeing her at the first time. + to V (dừng lại để làm việc khác) He stopped to eat. (dừng công việc để ăn) Stop My father stopped smoking two months ago. + V-ing (từ bỏ, dừng việc đang làm) (bỏ hút thuốc) I will try to study hard so that my parents stop + to V (cố gắng làm việc gì) Try worrying about me. + V-ing (thử làm việc gì) He tried making a cake but he didn’t succeed. B. VERBS OF PERCEPTION: SEE / HEAR / WATCH / SMELL / FEEL / NOTICE + O + V0 : sự hoàn tất của hành động SEE / HEAR / WATCH / SMELL / FEEL / NOTICE + O + Ving: sự tiếp diễn của hành động Ex: We saw him leave the house. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. C. Make / let + O + Vo Ex: He made me move my car. D. Modal Verbs (will, can, may, must, should, had better, have to ) + Vo Ex: The children had better go to bed early. Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. Ms. Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn’t want ___ (call) at home unless there is an emergency. 2. When I told Tim the news, he seemed ___ (surprise) 3. He was often made ___ (drink) milk by his mother. 4. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ___ (carry). 5. Mr. Miller hates ___(keep) waiting 6. The prisoner ___(think) to have escaped by climbing over a wall. 7. Pupils usually have their eyes ___ (test) regularly 8. Tom is thought ___ (meet) the runaway murderer last week. 9. I expected ___(invite) to the party, but I wasn’t. 10. When did you finish___(paint) the kitchen ? Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 1. His parents never allowed him A. smoking B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke 2. The teacher told his students ___ laughing. A. to stop B. stopping C. stop D. stopped 3. His sister apologized ___ rude to him. A. to be B. for being C. to being D. being 4. I advised her ___ anything about it to her friends. A. not saying B. not to say C. saying D. not say 5. I asked Barbara to let me ___ her car for the weekend. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 15
16. 6. I'm looking forward ___ receiving your email soon. A. at B. to C. in D. for 7. The teacher advised him ___ harder. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studies 8. The mother told her son ___ so impolitely. A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave 9. She told the boys ___ on the grass. A. do not play B. did not play C. not playing D. not to play 10. He advised ___ too far. A. her did not go B. her do not go C. her not to go D. she did not go 11. He asked ___ him some money. A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends 12. She apologized to the teacher ___ being late. A. to B. for C. about D. on 13. I ___ everybody for all the help they had given me. A. thanked B. blamed C. apologized D. suggested 14. The teacher encouraged ___ good compositions. A. us write B. us to write C. us writing D. us to writing 15. The doctor told me ___. A. I stay in bed for a few days B. I will stay in bed for a few days C. I have to stay in bed for a few days D. to stay in bed for a few days CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (MODAL VERBS) Phần lý thuyết: A. Modal + V0: dùng trong tình huống ở hiện tại) 1. MAY: có lẽ sẽ, có thể sẽ => dùng để thể hiện: - yêu cầu lịch sự. Ex: May I borrow your pen ? - suy đoán không chắc chắn. Ex: - Where is John ? – He may be at the library - sự cho phép. You may take my car as long as you return it before tomorrow. 2. MIGHT: giống như MAY nhưng không mạnh bằng MAY 3. MUST: phải, chắc chắn phải => dùng để thể hiện: - sự bắt buộc. Ex: You must be here before 8 o’clock. - sự suy luận có căn cứ. Ex: Mary keeps crying. She must have some problem *MUSTN’T: diễn tả sự cấm đoán. Ex: You mustn’t smoke ten cigarettes a day. 4. SHOULD = OUGHT TO = HAD BETTER : nên => dung để hiện: - sự khuyên bảo. Ex: It’s late. You’d better/should/ought to hurry up. 5. NEEDN’T: không cần phải => dùng để diễn tả: - sự không cần thiết. Ex: I washed my car yesterday. You needn’t wash it again. ed B. Modal + have + V3 : dùng trong tình huống quá khứ ED 1. MAY/ MIGHT/COULD + HAVE + V3 : có lẽ đã ED 2. MUST + HAVE + V3 : chắc chắn đã ED 3. SHOULD + HAVE + V3 : nên làm nhưng đã không làm ED 4. NEEDN’T + HAVE + V3 : không cần làm nhưng đã làm Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “must not” và “need not”. 1. You ___ ring the bell; I have a key. 2. We ___ drive fast; we have a plenty of time. 3. We ___ drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 4. Candidates ___ bring books into the examination room. 5. You ___ write to him for he will be here tomorrow. 6. We ___ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby. 16
17. 7. You ___ do all the exercises. Ten sentences will be enough. 8. I want this letter typed but you ___ do it today. Tomorrow will do. 9. You ___ take anything out of the shop without paying for it. 10. You ___ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng 1. I’m not sure. I ___ come a few minutes late. A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t 2. Bring your umbrella. It ___ rain later today. A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. “What are you doing this weekend?” “I haven’t decided yet. I ___ go on a picnic with my family.” A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t 4. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.” “You ___ be very hungry now.” A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must 5. It’s quite urgent. You ___ type the reports today. A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would 6. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___ be exactly on time for the meeting. A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may 7. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___ be here. A. must B. shall C. ought D. will 8. The gas tank is almost empty. We ___ stop at the next service station. A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better 9. A person ___ eat in order to live. A. have to B. must C. should D. may 10. A person ___ eat a balanced diet. A. should B. ought C. may D. must 11. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ___ walk home. A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t 12. You ___ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 13. I can’t find my umbrella. I ___ it in the restaurant last night. A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave 14. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ___ last night. A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study 15. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ___ ill. A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: MỆNH ĐÊ QUAN HỆ & RÚT GỌN Phần lý thuyết: Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nó được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề này được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các phó từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why. 1. Cách dùng: * Who: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nó. VD: The women who lives next door is very friendly. * Whom: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. Có khi người ta dùng Who thay cho Whom. VD: The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle. * Which: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ con vật, đồ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó. VD: The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa. 17
18. * That: Đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người, vật, đồ vật dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which, trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restrictive clauses (mệnh đề hạn định). VD: The book that you lent me is interesting. This is the man that I met in Paris last month.  Lưu ý: - That được dùng khi danh từ trước nó chỉ cả người, vật. VD: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park. - “THAT” KHÔNG bao giờ được dùng SAU DẤU PHẨY, SAU GIỚI TỪ,. Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể bỏ đi. VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party. She ’s the person I met at the party. Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought? * Whose: thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ (HER / HIS / THEIR / ITS + DANH TỪ) VD: I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor. John found a cat whose leg was broken. * When: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian dùng để thay thế cho (at/on/in) which, then. VD: I’ll never forget the day when (on which) I met her. That was the time when (at which) he managed the company. * Where: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn dùng để thay cho (at/on/in) which, there. VD: I went to the office where (in which) my father works. Dalat is the place where (to which) I like to come. * Why: Phó từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lí do dùng để thay cho “the reason”. VD: I don’t understand the reason why he was late. * Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced form of relative clauses) 1. Dạng 1: N + who /which / that + be + Ving => .N + Ving . (bỏ who /which / that + be ) VD: The man who is talking to you is my uncle. => The man talking to you is my uncle (bỏ who is) 2. Dạng 2: N + who /which/which + V => N + Ving . (bỏ who/which/that) VD: The path which leads to my village is very muddy. => The path leading to my village (bỏ which ) 3. Dạng 3: 3 3 N + who/which/that + be + V ed => N + V ed (bỏ who/which/that + be) VD: The book which was written by Jack London was very interesting => The book written by Jack London 4. Dạng 4: the first /second / last + N+ who/which/that + V => the first/second N + to Vo the only /best . VD: She was the last candidate who was interviewed last Sunday => She was the last candidate to be interviewed Phần bài tập: Dạng 1: Điền đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ. Trong dạng này, tiến hành theo các bước sau: + Nhận dạng danh từ trước khoảng trống là N(người) hay N(vật), N(nơi chốn) hay N(tg) + Tìm đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ phù hợp với chức năng của nó: 1, N(người) _who /that_ V ; N(người) , _who__ V 2, N(người) _whom / that_ S + V ; N(người) , _whom_ S + V 3, N(vật) _which /that_ S + V / V ; N(vật) , _which_ S + V / V 4, N(người) + N(vật) _that_ 5, N(người) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) __whom__ 6, N(vật) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) __which__ 7, N _whose_ N + V ; N _whose_ N + be ; N _whose_ N + S + V Danh từ này không có “a/an/the/her/his/their” 18
19. 8, N(nơi chốn) _where_ S + V 9. N(tg) _when_ S + V 10. reason _why_ S + V Bài tập 1: Điền đại từ hoặc trạng từ quan hệ thích hợp vào ô trống: 1. The street___leads to my school is very wide. 2. That man, ___name I didn’t remember, is an architect. 3. That was the reason___I couldn’t come early. 4. Do you know the girl___Tom is talking to? 5. The novel___you need can’t be found in the library. 6. Can you suggest the time___we can have another discussion about this problem. 7. Tell me the countries___people drive on the left. 8. Is there anyone___can help me do this? 9. Marie Curie, ___discovered radium, is one of the greatest in our time. 10. The hotel___we are looking at is the biggest in Ho Chi Minh city. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. The place ___ we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what B. who C. where D. which 2. The children, ___ parents work late, are taken home by bus. A. that B. whom C. whose D. their 3. He wanted to know the reason ___ I was late. A. as B. for C. because D. why 4. My uncle, ___ you met yesterday, is a lawyer. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 5. Dien Bien Phu is the place ___ our army won a resounding victory in 1954. A. where B. that C. what D. which 6. The man ___ we met yesterday was the manager of a bicycle factory. A. when B. whose C. who D. which 7. In our school library, there are several large tables ___ we can sit to read books. A. where B. that C. when D. which 8. Yesterday was the day ___ they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary. A. when B. then C. what D. which 9. That’s the house ___ he used to stay. A. in which B. of which C. on which D. which 10. This house, ___ he bought in 1990, is being repaired at the moment. A. that B. which C. who D. what 11. The woman ___ son is studying at Hanoi University of Technology is a teacher. A. whose B. what C. whom D. which 12. The boy ___ eyes are brown is my friend. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 13. He never talks about the people ___ he has helped. A. by whom B. whom C. which D. whose 14. This school is only for children ___ first language is not English. A. of whom B. whose C. who is D. who 15. Mrs. John, ___ son won the championship last year lives next door to us. A. whose B. what C. which D. who Dạng 2: Ghép câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ, trạng từ quan hệ: Trong dạng này, nên dùng phương pháp loại trừ những đáp án không đúng dựa vào: + Dùng đại từ quan hệ thì phải bỏ những từ mà nó đã thay thế phía sau + Dùng đại từ quan hệ sai. + Trường hợp có giới từ và dấu phẩy. + Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ Lưu ý: Cần xem lại cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ mà thầy đã dạy ở những tiết trước và hình thức bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi nó là túc từ trong câu Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau: 19
20. 1. He is the person ___ A. from who I bought this old car B. which I bought this old car from C. from that I bought this old car D. from whom I bought this old car 2. An architect is someone ___. A. that design buildings B. who designs buildings C. whose designs buildings D. which designs buildings 3. The girl ___ is now in hospital A. whom injured in the accident B. was injured in the accident C. who was injured in the accident D. that she was injured in the accident 4. The man ___ was on holiday. A. I wanted to see B. whom I wanted to see him C. I wanted to see him D. who wanted to see 5. Do you know the girl ___ A. to who Tom is talking B. whom Tom is talking C. Tom is talking D. to whom Tom is talking 6. I haven’t got a passport, ___. A. that means I can’t leave the country B. it means I can’t leave the country B. which means I can’t leave the country D. who means I can’t leave the country 7. The girl ___ is Australian. A. is talking to Tom B. talking to Tom C. who talk to Tom D. to talk to Tom 8. None of the people ___ could come. A. was invited to the party B. were invited to the party C. who invited to the party D. invited to the party 9. An orphan is a child ___. A. who parents died B. whose parents are dead C. that parents are dead D. his parents are dead 10. The hotel ___ was very clean. A. we stayed B. which we stayed C. in that we stayed D. where we stayed 20
21. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ LÍ DO Phần lý thuyết: 1. Clauses of reason: (Mệnh đề chỉ lí do) Mệnh đề chỉ lí do là mệnh đề phụ mang nghĩa BỞI VÌ. Mệnh đề chỉ lí do thường được nối với các mệnh đề chính bởi các liên từ (conjunction) như: Because, Since, As (Since và As thường đặt ở đầu câu). Cấu trúc: Because/Since/As + S + V VD: She didn’t go to class yesterday because she was seriously ill. Since/As she was seriously ill, she didn’t go to class yesterday. 2. Phrases of reason: (Cụm từ chỉ lí do) Cụm từ chỉ lí do cũng có nghĩa là BỞI VÌ, và thường bắt đầu bằng từ because of là cụm giới từ (prepositional phrase), vì vậy sau nó là danh từ (noun), cụm danh từ (noun phrase) hoặc cụm danh động từ (gerund phrase). Cấu trúc: because of / due to /owning to / on account of + Noun / Noun phrase / Ving VD: The class was not in order because of the teacher’s absence. She didn’t go to class yesterday because of her serious illness. She didn’t go to class yesterday because of being seriously ill. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau, sử dụng “BECAUSE” hoặc “BECAUSE OF” 1. The car crashed ___ the driver was careless. 2. He walked slowly ___ his hurt leg 3. We didn’t go out ___ it rained heavily. 4. She went to bed early ___ she felt tired. 5. I can’t sleep ___ the hot weather. 6. He retired last month ___ his illness. 7. They stayed at home ___ it rained. 8. The boy was punished ___ his bad behavior. Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất 1. We couldn’t sleep last night___the noise next door. A. although B. since C. because D. because of 2. I did it___they asked me to. A. so B. because C. because of D. the reason 3. Daisy was late___her car was broken down. A. because B. because of C. if D. whether 4. ___he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle. A. because B. as C. since D. all are correct 5. They were sacked___their carelessness. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 6. The boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 7. The mother got angry because___. A. her son’s bad behaviour B. her son will behave badly C. her son behaved badly D. her son bad behaing 8. He lost his job___his laziness. A. because B. because of C. if D. although 21
22. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN Phần lý thuyết: 1. Clauses of concession: (Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản) + Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mang nghĩa: MẶC DÙ. Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu bằng những từ nối như Although, Even though, No matter, Whatever Cấu trúc: Although A. Though + S + V Even though VD: (Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest. She went on walking (al)though she was terribly tired. Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted. (Even though dùng đễ nhấn mạnh sự tương phản) B. No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how (adj/adv) + S + V Whatever + (N) + S + V Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng “No matter” hoặc “Whatever” thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính để nhấn mạnh. VD: Whatever exercises she had taken, she was still fat. No matter what she says, I don’t believe her. 2. Phrases of concession: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ): Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng “In spite of” hoặc “Despite” Cấu trúc: In spite of + N/N. phrase/Gerund phrase Despite VD: Despite his sickness, he still had to go to school. We went out in spite of the rain. Lưu ý: DESPITE không có OF theo sau. Phần bài tập: Hoàn thành câu sau với “because (of)” ; “(al)though/even though /despite/ in spite of”. 1. ___ he worked hard, he didn’t receive any praise. 2. He ate the chocolate cake ___ he is on diet. 3. ___ the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday. 4. ___ it was cold, I went aout. 5. ___ John didn’t study hard, he succeeded. 6. We took many picture ___ the cloudy sky. 7. ___ her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children. 8. She went home early ___ she didn’t feel well. 9. I couldn’t get to sleep ___ the noise. 10. The students arrived late___the traffic jam. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất: 1. ___ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 2. ___, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 3. She left him ___ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 22
23. 4. ___ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. Because B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of 5. ___ they are twin brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of 6. Julie failed the exam ___ of working very hard. A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though 7. She walked home by herself ___ she knew that it was dangerous. A. if B. though C. because D. which 8. ___ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 9. She left him ___ she still loved him. A. in spite B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 10. He refused to give up work, ___ he’s won a million pounds. A. despite B. however C. even though D. as though CHUYÊN ĐỀ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ & CỤM TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH Phần lý thuyết: 1. Phrases of purpose: (Cụm từ chỉ mục đích) mang nghĩa ĐỂ + Nếu trong câu chỉ có một chủ ngữ, ta có thể dùng một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng: - to - in order to + V0 . - so as to VD: She studies English. She wants to talk to foreigners. to talk to foreigners. She studies English in order to talk to foreigners. so as to talk to foreigners. + Nếu phủ định mục đích thì dùng cụm từ: mang nghĩa ĐỂ KHÔNG in order not to so as not to + V0 VD: He got up early. He didn’t want to miss the train. He gop up early in order not to miss the train. so as not to miss the train. 2. Clause of purpose: (mệnh đề chỉ mục đích) + Nếu trong câu có 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau, ta phải dùng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order that - ĐỂ (KHÔNG) so that + S + V (can/could) + (not) + V0 in order that (will/would) VD: I try my best to study English, I want to find a better joB. I try my best to study English so that I can find a better joB. She hurrieD. She didn’t want to miss the bus. She hurried so that she wouldn’t miss the bus. He spoke loudly. He wanted everybody to hear him. He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. 1. He climbed the tree ___ get a better view. 2. You should get up early ___ you will have time to review your lesson. 3. Some young people like to earn their own living ___ they will be independent of their parents. 4. We should do morning exercises regularly ___ improve our health. 23
24. 5. We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world ___ we can develop our national economy. 6. Every people in the world must unite their efforts ___ maintain and protect peace. 7. She put on warm clothes ___ she wouldn’t catch cold. 8. He hurried to the station ___ miss the train. 9. She locked the door ___ be disturbed. 10. He hurried ___ he could catch the train. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. We have to start early ___ we won’t be late. A. so that B. that C. because D. because of 2. He worked hard ___ they could pass the final examination. A. since B. because C. in case D. so that 3. He took his seat quietly ___ A. so as not to disturb their conversation B. so as to disturb their conversation C. in order not disturb their conversation D. in order for him not to disturb their conversation 4. He was looking for an eraser ___ he could erase a mistake in his composition. A. because B. therefore C. so that D. however 5. We have studied hard ___ we will be well prepared for the examination. A. because B. since C. so that D. in case CHUYÊN ĐÊ 13: MỆNH ĐỀ, CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ Phần lý thuyết: 1. Quá nên không thể too + ADJ /ADV+ (for O) to V Ex: He is too short to play basketball. 2. Đủ để ADJ / ADV+ enough + (for O) to V . Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car. 3. Quá nên S + be + so + ADJ/ADV + that + S + V S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V . Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it. It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it. S + V + so + many / few + N số nhiều + that + S + V S + V + so + much / little + N không đếm được + that + S + V S + V + so + adj + a + N số ít + that + S + V Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team. He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now. It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. (= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.) Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “TOO” hoặc “ENOUGH” 1. I don’t have money to go to the concert. 2. Have you got sugar in your coffee ? 24
25. 3. I didn’t like the film; it was . slow. 4. I didn’t like the film ; it wasn’t quick . 5. There isn’t . flour to make the cake. 6. Do you think I’ve got qualifications to apply for the job ? 7. I can’t drink my tea; it is hot. 8. Can you lift that suitcase ? Is it not . heavy ? 9. l couldn’t eat the fruit. It wasn’t ripe . 10. I can’t explain the situation; it ‘s . complex. Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “SO” hoặc “SUCH” 1) Come on! Don’t walk slowly. 2) I’ve never read an interesting book. 3) Everything is .expensive these days, isn’t it? 4) It was .a boring film that I fell asleep at once. 5) The wind was .strong. It was difficult to sleep. 6) I like Tom and Ann. They are .nice. 7) I’m afraid I can’t remember. It was a long time ago. 8) After living there for long, he must know the town very well. 9) Why are you in a hyrry? 10) We have much to do. Bài tập 3: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “SO MUCH” hoặc “SO MANY” 1) We have problems that we can’t go to bed early. 2) Why have you got .furniture? 3) There was .food that everyone ate too much. 4) There were guests that there weren’t enough food. 5) Why did you buy .beer? 6) Doctor Smith has .patients that he ‘s always busy. 7) I ate sandwiches that I felt ill. 8) My father has .things to do that he can’t come back home tonight. 9) Thay drank wine that they couldn’t walk. 10) The bank of this river has got weeds that we can’t swim. Bài tập 4: Chọn câu trả lời đúng 1. Peter studies hard ___pass the exam. A. less B. so that C. to D. in order that 2. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself ___its enemies cannot find it. A. so that B. because C. therefore D. due to 3. He felt ill, ___he went to bed early. A. and B. But C.Or D. so 4. We couldn’t sleep last night___the noise next door. A. although B. since C. because D. because of 5. I did it___they asked me to. A. so B. because C. because of D. the reason 6. We decided to join the English speaking club ___ improve our English. A. so that B. so to C. in order D. to 7. These boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. even though D. in spite of 8. ___ I tried, I could not finish my essay on time. A. No matter hard B. No matter how hard C. No matter harder D. No matter what hard 9. She worked hard ___ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock. A. that B. for C. in order that D. so as to 10. He gave me his address ___me to visit. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 11. She got up early ___ miss the bus. A. in order that B. so that C. not to D. for 12. It was raining ___I couldn’t go outside,. 25
26. A. because B. So hard that C. so that D. too hard that 13. My mouth is burning! This is ___ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. Very D. too 14. Skiing is a popular American sport, ___ quite expensive. A. however it is B. even though it is C. despite its D. it is 15. Some fish can survive in salt water, ___ other species can live only in fresh water. A. where B. as long as C. whereas D. since 16. ___ people to work together effectively, they need to be sensitive to each other’s needs. A. In order to B. In order that C. In order for D. So that 17. Last Sunday was ___ that we decided to go on a picnic. A. so beautiful a day B. such beautiful a day C. such beautiful day D. so beautiful day 18. The Vietnamese students have to take an entrance exam ___. A. in order that they should go to a college or university B. for going to a college and university C. so as go to a college or university D. so that they can go to a college or university 19. ___, many animals can still survive and thrive there. A. Being severe weather conditions in the desert B. Although the weather conditions in the desert are severe C. The weather conditions in the desert to be severe D. Even though the weather conditions in the desert severe 20. Mr. Thompson is learning Vietnamese ___ to read Kim Van Kieu. A. so that not B. so as to C. in order not to D. so as not to 21. They hurried ___ catch the train. A. to not B. as not to C. in order that not D. To 22. We learn English ___ we will have better communication with other people. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 23. There is ___noise that I can hear nothing A. so many B. such C. so much D. so 24. My mouth is burning! This is ___spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. very D. too 25. There are ___ planets in the universe that we can’t count them. A. so much B. such C. so many D. so 26. He was ___ tired that he slept all days. A. such B. too C. so D. very 27. They were ___busy studying ___ they couldn’t go to the restaurant with us. A. so – that B. such – that C. very – that D. too - that 28. The runners are ___exhausted that none of them finished the race. A. too B. such C. enough D. so 29. It was ___ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it. A. so B. such C. too D. very 30. It was ___ a boring speech that I fell asleep. A. such B. so C. much D. too 31. Daisy was late___her car was broken down. A. because B. because of C. if D. whether 32. ___he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle. A. because B. as C. since D. all are correct 33. They were sacked___their carelessness. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 34. The boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 35. The mother got angry because___. A. her son’s bad behaviour B. her son will behave badly C. her son behaved badly D. her son bad behaing 36. He lost his job___his laziness. 26
27. A. because B. because of C. if D. although 37. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so baD. A. The weather was so bad but we went out. B. If the weather were fine, we could go out. C. Whatever weather we had, we couldn’t go out. D. We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather. 38. We’ll never give in___they may do or say. A. although that B. no matter how C. despite D. whatever 39. ___my father is old, he still goes jogging. A. Although B. Since C. Despite D. In spite of 40. ___the rain, we postpone our picnic. A. Because B. Because of C. Though D. In spite of 41.He refused to give up work___he’d won a million pounds. A. despite B. as though C. even though D. however 42. ___is was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat. A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although 43. ___the wet weather, the football match went ahead. A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. However 44. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. A. Rich like she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. C. As rich she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. D. As she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. 45. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking. A. Although we felt cold, we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking C. Cold as we felt, we kept alking D. both a and c are correct 46. Although he took a taxi, Tom still arrived late for the concert. A. Tom arrived late for the concert because he took a taxi. B. Tom arrived late for the concert because of the taxi. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Tom arrived late for the concert. D. Although Tom took a taxi, he can’t come to the concert in time. 47. I’ll find that man no matter how long it takes. A. It takes me a long time to find that man. B. However long it may take, I’ll find that man. C. I can’t find that man because it will take a long time. D. Although it took a long time, I could find that man. 48. ___I meet her, she always wears a blue dress. A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever 49. ___comes, don’t open the door. A. No matter what B. No matter who C. No matter how D. No matter whom 50. We can not see the road___the fog. A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of 27
28. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: SO SÁNH Phần lý thuyết: 1. So sánh căn bản: Adjs or advs So sánh bằng So sánh hơn So sánh nhất Ngắn Adj/adv - ER + THAN THE + adj/adv - EST AS + adj/adv + AS MORE + adj /adv + THE MOST + adj/adv Dài NOT SO / AS + adj/adv + AS THAN 2. So sánh kép: Hình thức Nghĩa Ví dụ 1. The + SS hơn (không THAN) + S + V, Càng . The hotter it is, the more miserable I the + SS hơn(không THAN) + S + V càng feel. 2. Ngắn: adj - ER AND adj - ER Càng Betty is younger and younger Dài: MORE and MORE + adj ngày The food is more and more expensive *Lưu ý: - Các tính từ và trạng từ bất bi tắc: SS bằng SS hơn SS nhất As good/ well as better (than) the best As bad/ badly as worse (than) the worst As many/ much as more (than) the most As little as less (than) the least As far as farther / further (than) the farthest / the furthest Ex: She studies (well) than her friend. She studies better than her friend. - Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là -y, -et, -er, -le, -ow Ex: happy, quiet, clever, gentle, narrow - Các trạng từ hai vần tận cùng _LY được xem như trạng từ dài (trừ early) - Các tính từ tận cùng _ED; _ING được xem như tính từ dài Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của tính từ và trạng từ trong những câu sau: 1- The ___ (old) he gets, The ___ (bad-tempered) he becomes 2- The ___ (much) he works, the ___ (bad) he felt 3- The ___ (much) we think of the exam, the ___( excited ) we get 4- The ___ (busy) the road gets, the ___(dangerous) it becomes 5- The ___ (near)you get to the Equator, the ___ (hot) it becomes. 6- The ___ (long) she stay in England, the ___ (good) her Englishwill be. 7- The ___ (fast) I write, the ___ (illegible) my writing becomes 8- The ___ (well) she sings, the ___ (much) she is admired 9 - The ___ (long) he waited , the ___ (impatient) he became 10 - The ___ (large) the apartment, the___ (expensive)the rent. Bài tập 2: Cho hình thức đúng của tính từ và trạng từ trong những câu sau: 1. A steak knife is ___ (sharp) than a butter knife. 2. David is the ___ (fast) player on the team. 3. My drawing is ___ (colorful) than yours. 4. I think the book we read today is ___ (interesting) than the one we read yesterday. 5. This week's temperatures are ___ (warm) than last week’s. 6. He plays the guitar ___ (well) as Andrés Segovia. 7. That was the ___ (difficult) test I've ever taken. 8. Isn't he the ___ (nice) little boy you've ever met? 9. Do you think a snake is ___ (slow) than an owl? 28
29. 10. The ___ (early) we leave, the sooner we arrive. 11. Robert's arms are ___ (long) than John's. 12.Joe has the ___ (big) feet of anyone in his family. 13. The colder the weather gets, ___ (sick) I feel. 14. Nobody is ___ (happy) than Maria. 15. Messi is the ___ (good) football player in the world. 16. The queue was getting ___ (long) and ___ (long). 17. ___ (young) you are, ___ (quickly) you learn. 18. ___ (good) the weather is, ___ (crowded) the beaches get. 19. Maria speaks French ___ (fluently) than Julia. 20. This is the ___ (bad) thing I”ve ever had. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng. 1. She considers him ___ person that she has ever met. A. most attractive B. more attractive than C. as attractive D. the most attractive 2. The ___ I got to know you, the ___ I understand you A. most; least B. more; less C. much; little D. most; less 3. Lan is the ___ of the three brothers. Tan is his ___ brother. A. younger; older B. youngest; older C. younger; eldest D. youngest ; eldest 4. The ___ the speech, the ___ the people got. A. longer; more sleepy B. longest; sleepy C. long; most sleepy D. longest; most sleepy. 5. The teacher said that I had done my work ___ than anyone else in class. A. worse B. bad C. worst D. as bad 6. Maria is ___ than her sister. A. much pretty B. more pretty C. much more pretty D. prettier. 7. The president is ___ than he looks . A. little nervous B. more nervous C. as nervous D. most nervous 8. The economic conditions today are___ they were in the past. A. the best than B. much better C. much more good D. much better than 9. That was ___ delicious meal I’ve ever had for a long time. A. the most B. the more C. the less D. the little 10. Jim didn’t do ___ in his examination as he has hoped. A . more well B. most well C. so well D. less well 11. The situation was much ___ than we expected. A. worse B. badder C. worst D. gooder 12. The ___ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Free way. A. worse B. badest C. worst D. most bad 13. He ran ___ than his friends. A. fast B. very faster C. more fast D. faster 14. Peter likes Mathematics ___ English. A. more B. more good than C. the most than D. better than. 15. Their house is ___ beautiful than mine. A. as B. more C. much D. so CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: TỪ NỐI & TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP Phần lý thuyết: Trong dạng này, làm theo các bước sau: - Xác định dấu câu: + “SO, BUT” là liên từ, thường nằm ở câu II và sau dấu phẩy (,). + “HOWEVER, THEREFORE” là từ chuyển tiếp nên có nhiều vị trí: đầu câu II (nhưng sau dấu chấm và trước dấu phẩy), cuối câu II và giữa câu II. - Xác định ngữ nghĩa của câu: 29
30. + “SO & THEREFORE”: vì thế, vì vậy + “BUT & HOWEVER”: nhưng mà, tuy nhiên; “but = yet” Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “ but, so, therefore, however” 1. They may need a new goalkeeper, ___ I want to be ready. 2. The new trains have more powerful engines and are ___ faster. 3. I hadn’t done my homework. ___, I didn’t understand my lesson. 4. Mary was happy. ___, Alice was very sad. 5. He is sick. ___, he can’t come. 6. The professor told me that I was doing well, ___ my final grade was awful. 7. The sky was grey and cloudy. ___, we went to the beach. 8. She had to help her mother. ___, she was often late for school. 9. I did my best, ___ it was not good enough. 10. The flight was delayed, ___ we had time to have something to eat. Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “although, therefore, however, but, so, because, despite, because of” và những từ thích hợp khác. 1. It is very hot in the desert. ___, few trees can grow there. 2. Jame is offered the job, ___ he is inexperienced. 3. James was not admitted to the university ___ the age. 4. I tried to persuade her. ___, I didn’t succeed. 5. The story was very funny, ___ nobody laughed. 6. The match went ahead ___ the heavy rain. 7. It was too dark to go on, ___ we found somewhere to stay. 8. Nam had to stay home to look after his mother ___ she was sick. Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. 1. It was late, ___ I decided to phone home. A. however B. but C. although D. because 2. Minh had a terrible headache. ___, he went to school. A. Therefore B. Although C. But D. However 3. Tom has a bike, ___ he always walks to work. A. so B. but C. because D. however 4. Her mother was sick. ___, Jane had to stay home to look after. A. Therefore B. Since C. However D. So 5. They asked me to wait for them, ___they didn’t turn up. A. but B. however C. so D. therefore 6. It was raining hard. The match went ahead, ___ . A. therefore B. however C. but D. so 7. We couldn’t get a seat, ___ we arrived quite early. A. but B. however C. although D. because 8. Anne doesn’t get on well with people around her. She has ___ changed her job many times. A. however B. so C. therefore D. although 9. I did my best. ___, it was not good enough. A. However B. Therefore C. Although D. Even though 10. Many airlines are offering discount tickets for flights, ___ more people are flying for weekend trips to scenic cities. A. so B. because C. although D. whereas CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: LỐI NÓI PHỤ HOẠ Phần lý thuyết: 1. Phụ hoạ khẳng định: 30
31. Đi với TOO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + too S +V . (and) + S + do/does/did +too (and) + S + modals + too My sister is a doctor I am too (tôi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day She does too I can sing He can too Đi với SO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY nhưng có đảo ngữ) (and) + so + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V . (and) + so + do/does/did +too + S (and) + so + modals + S My sister is a doctor So am I (tôi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day So does she I can sing So can he 2. Phụ hoạ phủ định: Đi với EITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + NOT + either S +V(NOT) . (and) + S + do/does/did +NOT + either (and) + S + modals + NOT + either My sister isn’t a nurse I am not either (tôi cũng không) I doesn’t work on sunday She doesn’t either I can’t dance He can’t either Đi với NEITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHÔNG nhưng có đảo ngữ, không có NOT) (and) + neither + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V(NOT) . (and) + neither + do/does/did +too + S (and) + neither + modals + S My sister isn’t a nurse Neither am I (tôi cũng không) I doesn’t work on sunday Neither does she I can’t dance Neither can he Lưu ý: Trong câu có chứa “NEVER, NO, RARELY.SELDOM. RARELY” => dùng phụ hoạ phủ định Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Điền từ thích hợp vào ô trống 1. Rose likes to fly, and her brother too 2. They will leave at noon, and I too 3. He has an early appointment, and so I 4. She has already written her composition, and so her friends. 5. Their plane is arriving at nine o’clock, and so mine. 6. I should go grocery shopping this afternoon, and so my neighbour. 7. We like to swim in the pool, and they too. 8. Our Spanish teacher loves to travel, and so we. 9. He has lived in Mexico for five years, and you too. 10. I must write them a letter, and she too 11. That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and neither her supervisor. 12. We can’t study in the library, and they either. 13. I haven’t worked there long, and neither you. 14. You didn’t pay the rent, and she either. 15. They shouldn’t run so fast, and neither you. 16. John didn’t want anything to drink, and neither we. 31
32. 17. The students won’t accept the dean’s decision, and the faculty either. 18. Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither mine. 19. She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister either. 20. He didn’t know the answer, and neither I Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. 1. She is a singer nor an actress. A. nor B. both C. neither D. either 2. My friend never makes noise in the class A. Nor I don’t B. Neither do I C. I never don’t D. I don’t too 3. His telephone doesn’t work and mine doesn’t A. too B. neither C. so D. either 4. I never like horror movies. - Really? A. Neither do I B. I don’t neither C. So do I D. I don’t, too 5. I haven’t got a ticket. have I. A. Neither B. Nor C. Either D. A&B are correct 6. Jane goes to school, and A. my sister does too B. does so my sister C. my sister does either D. .neither my sister 7. He has seen her plays, and so A. do the girls B. are the girls C. have the girls D. all are correct 8. Velazquez was a famous painter, and Rubens too. A. is B. will C. has D. was 9. Tom has never been on time, and A. his brother has too B. so is his brother C. his brother hasn’t either D. neither hasn’t his brother 10. They hardly do morning exercise and A. we do either B. neither do we C. we do too D. so do we 11. He didn’t know the answer, and neither I A. was B. do C. did D. didn’t 12. She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister either A. didn’t B. could C. wasn’t D. couldn’t 13. Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither mine. A. have B. has C. hasn’t D. haven’t 14. My father won’t come back next Sunday, and neither yours. A. will B. won’t C. does D. doesn’t CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: MẠO TỪ Phần lý thuyết: a) Cách dùng A/ AN. * “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one). - “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher, - “A” được dùng trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng “u” nhưng phát âm là /ju:/ Ví dụ : a university, a uniform , - “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i). Ví dụ: - an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job, => “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là không chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào. Ví dụ: - There was a big tree in the garden. - “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp. Ví dụ: - My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife. b) Cách dùng “The” 32
33. - “The” – có thể dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều: the water, the pollution, the child, - “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nói và người nghe đều biết. Ví dụ: - Please! Turn down the television. - “The” – được dùng với danh từ có ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên không thể nhầm lẫn). Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President, - “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhóm người. (Unit 4) Ví dụ: - The poor, the old, the homeless, - “The” – dùng trước tên sông, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo. Ví dụ: - Sông: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi, - Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean, - Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal, - Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps, - Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands, * Chú ý: Không dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi, một hòn đảo. Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand, - Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi, - Châu lục: Asia, Europe, - Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji, - Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island, - “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đó gồm một tập hợp nhiều từ, hoặc có ý nghĩa số nhiều. Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic, - “The” được dùng trong câu so sánh nhất Ví dụ : He is the best student in my class. c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”. Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đó lần đầu, nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đó lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”. Ví dụ: - I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning. - The man was blind and the dog was leading him. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Điền vào chổ trống với mạo từ (a/ an / the) hoặc bỏ trống. 1. How far is it from here to ___ airport? 2. “What’s ___ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”. 3. My father works in ___ office ___ city center. 4. ___ earth is ___ planet of ___ solar system. 5. She was born in ___ village in ___ north of England. 6. ___ village where she was born has ___ beautiful river. 7. Who is ___ best singer in ___ United Kingdom? 8. Can you switch off ___ television? Nobody’s watching it. 9. He felt bored with ___ woman who sat beside him at the party. 10. The ship was crossing ___ Atlantic Ocean when it hit ___ huge iceberg. 11. Mount Everest is ___ hightest mountain in ___ world. 12. ___ Mississppi River flows through several states of ___ United States. 13. My grandparents live in ___ old house in ___ south of Dong Nai provice. There is ___ large garden behind ___ house. They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in ___ garden. 14. There was ___ accident near my house this morning. ___ taxi crashed into ___ lamp post. ___ taxi was damaged, but ___ driver of ___ taxi was not hurt. 15. This morning I had ___ sandwich and ___ cup of coffee for breakfast. ___ sandwich was OK, but ___ coffee was terrible. 16. Miss Lin speaks ___ Chinese. 17. Eli likes to play ___ volleyball. 18. My daughter is learning to play ___ guitar at her school. 33
34. 19. Can anyone give me ___ hand, please because I have just fallen over? 20. Please meet me at the train station in ___ hour from now. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng: 1. Hanoi is ___ capital of Vietnam. A. an B. a C. the D. one 2. He doesn’t have ___ experience of working in an office. A. much B. some C. an D. the 3. I studied chemistry at ___ university. A. the B. a C. an D. any 4. I’ll have ___ bath as soon as I get home. A. a B. the C. an D. one 5. He has just bought ___ expensive furniture. A. an B. some C. the D. a few 6. What did you have for ___ breakfast ? A. the B. no article C. an D. a 7. Can you play ___ piano ? A. a B. an C. the D. one 8. If at all possible, try to communicate frequently with native speaker. It is ___ most ideal situation to learn a foreign language. A. a B an C. the D. one 9. ___ Amazon rain forest is considered to be one of the most important ecological environments in the world. A. A B. An C. The D. One of 10. He has lived in ___ United Kingdom. A. a B. an C. The D. no article 11. I’ll give you ___ call when I arrive A. a B. an C. the D. a few 12. The reading table is in ___ middle of ___ room A. the / the B. a / the` C. the / a D. a / a 13. ___ umbrella should not be used during ___ thunderstorm. A. A/ a B. An / a C. The / a D. An / the 14. It was ___ exciting football that everybody was absorbed in it. A. a B. an C. the D. one 15. I’ll call you back in ___ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. a few CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: * ADJECTIVES (TÍNH TỪ): là từ dùng để miêu tả hoặc cho biết them chi tiết về một danh từ đồng thời giới hạn sự áp dụng của danh từ ấy. 1. Tính từ mô tả: good, tall, bright, short, attractive 2. Tính từ giới hạn: - Tính từ sở hữu: my, your, his, her, its, our, their. => Luôn theo sau bởi một danh từ. Ex: This is my pen Her father is a teacher. - Tính từ chỉ định: this (này) => these (những cái này); that (đó)=> those (những cái đó) - Tính từ xác định: Dùng với danh từ đếm được (1) Dùng với danh từ không Nghĩa & Cách dùng đếm được (2) - Many - Much Tất cả những thành ngữ trên - A lot of - A lot of đều mang nghĩa là “NHIỀU”, 34
35. - A large number of - A great deal of nhưng danh từ theo sau những - A large quantity of từ xác định ở (1) đều phải ở - A good number of - A good deal of hình thức số nhiều. - Lots of - Lots of - Plenty of - Plenty of Ex: I have many friends Ex: I don’t have much time to leave - A few / Few - A little / little Môt ít, một vài. Sau (1) là danh Ex: I enjoy my life here. I have a Ex: Don’t hurry. We’ve từ số nhiều. A few và A little few friends and we meet very often. got a little time before the mang nghĩa xác định, Few và He isn’t popular. He has few train leaves. Little mang nghĩa phủ định friends We must be quick. (không đáng kể) There is little time. - Each / Every - Each / Every - Each: mỗi. Every: mọi Ex: Study each sentence carefully Ex: Every furniture in that - Each & Every dùng với danh Every sentence must have a room is made of wood. từ số ít. verb. Each time I see you, you look different. Ngoài ra chúng ta còn có những thành ngữ xác định khác: - The other + N(số ít): cái thứ hai trong hai cái. Ex: The insurance office was on the other side of the street. - The other + N(số nhiều): những cái còn lại, phần còn lại. Ex: When I returned home I found my wife talking to our neighbors. The other guests had gone. - Another + N(đếm được số ít): một cái khác bất kì. Ex: I must find myself another job. - Both, either, neither: dùng để nói đến hai người hoặc 2 sự vật, sự việc. Ex: Both men were interested in the job. Neither restaurant is expensive We can go either restaurant. I don’t mind. - Some: Đứng trước danh từ đếm được (số nhiều) hoặc danh từ không đếm được trong câu khẳng định hoặc một lời đề nghị lịch sự. Ex: I want some milk My mother needs some eggs Would you like some more coffee ? - Any: (giống SOME) nhưng dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn. Ex: Do you want any sugar ? She didn’t see any boys in her class. 3. Phân từ dùng làm tính từ (Ving / V3/ed) - Một số tính từ xuất phát từ đông từ như: Interesting / Interested : thú vị, hay, cuốn hút Boring / Bored : chán Exciting / Excited : háo hức Surprising / Surprised : ngạc nhiên - Tính từ tận cùng là “ING” cho biết tính chất của công việc, sự việc (mang nghĩa chủ động) Ex: Julia thinks politics is very interesting It was quite surprising that he passed the examination. - Tính từ tận cùng là “ED” cho biết trạng thái của người nào (mang nghĩa bị động) Ex: Julia is interested in politics. Everybody was surprised that he passed the examination. 35
36. 4. Danh từ làm tính từ: Danh từ có chức năng như tính từ luôn ở hình thức số ít. Ex: We took a tour that lasted five weeks. => We took a five-week tour. That student wrote a report that was ten pages long. => That student wrote a ten-page report. 5. Chức năng của tính từ: - Bổ nghỉa cho danh từ: đứng trước danh từ. ___adj__ Noun. Ex: He is a nice man. I saw a beautiful girl last night. - Bổ ngữ của đông từ: đứng sau “be, get, look, become, seem, sound ” Ex: The weather becomes cold. She looks more attractive in the blue dress. - Bổ nghĩa cho các đại từ phiếm chỉ, đứng sau “something, anything, someone, everything ” Ex: I’ll tell you something interesting. Is there anything new ? 6. Trật tự của tính từ: - Đôi khi danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi nhiều tính từ. Vị trí của tính từ được sắp xếp như sau. Số + chất lượng + kích thước + tuổi tác + màu sắc + xuất xứ + chất liệu + danh từ (Number) (quantity) (size) (age) (color) (origin) (material) (noun) - Tính từ chỉ cảm nghĩ (nice, beautiful ) thường đứng trước tính từ miêu tả (new, large, round ) Ex: a nice long summer holiday An interesting young man - Tính từ chỉ kích thước và chiều dài (big, tall, long ) thường đi trước tính từ chỉ hình dáng và chiều rộng ( round, fat, wide). Ex: a tall thin girl a long narrow street. 7. Sự thành lập tính từ: Một số các tính từ được thành lập bằng cách them các hậu tố vào sau danh từ, động từ 1.Noun + (-ful, -less, -ly ) Adjective Harm Harmful Child childless Day daily Child childlike Rain rainy Self selfish Nature natural Poison poisonous 2. Verb + (-ive, -able ) Adjective Attract attractive Accept acceptable Một số tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định khi chúng ta thêm tiền tố vào: (un-, in-, im-, ) + Adjective Adjective (không) Happy unhappy Dependent independent Possible impossible Regular irregular Legal illegal V. ADVERBS (TRẠNG TỪ): 1.Phân loại: -Trạng từ chỉ tính cách, thường được thành lập bằng “ ADJ + LY: Beautiful beautifully Careful carefully Bad badly 36
37. *Lưu ý: HARD, FAST, FAR vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ, chúng ta không được thêm _LY vào. - Trạng từ chỉ thời gian: yesterday, tomorrow, soon, now - Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn: around, somewhere, here . - Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên: often, sometimes, seldom, always - Trạng từ nghi vấn: where, when, how, why . 2. Chức năng: - Bổ nghĩa cho đông từ thường: S + V + (O) + ADV Ex: He speaks English fluently - Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ: ADV + adj . Ex: She is extremely lazy. - Bổ nghĩa cho cả câu: Ex: Luckily, he passes the final examination. Phần bài tập Bài tập 1: Chọn từ đúng trong ngoặc để hoàn thành những câu sau. 1. Are you ___ (interesting / interested) in football ? 2. The football match was quite ___ (exciting / excited). I enjoyed it. 3. It’s sometimes ___ (embarrassing / embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money. 4. Do you usually get ___ (embarrassing / embarrassed) ? 5. I had never expected to get the job. I was really ___ (amazing / amazed) when I was offered it. 6. She has really learnt very fast. She has made ___(astonishing / astonished) progress. 7. It was a really ___(terrifying / terrified) experience. Afterwards everybody was very ___ (shocking / shocked) 8. I didn’t find the situation funny. I was not ___ (amusing / amused). 9. Why do you always look so ___ (boring / bored)? Is your life really so ___ (boring / bored) ? 10. He’s one of the most ___ (boring / bored) people I’ve ever met. He never stops talking and he never says anything ___ (interesting / interested) Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. 1. The teacher’s explanation was ___. Most of the students didn’t understand it. A. confuse B. confused C. confusing D. to confuse 2. I seldom visit art galleries. I’m not particularly ___ in art. A. interested B. interesting C. bored D. boring 3. He works very hard. It’s not ___ that he’s always tired. A. confuse B. to confuse C. confused D. confusing 4. The lecture was ___. I fell asleep. A. interesting B. interested C. boring D. bored 5. I’ve been working very hard all day and now I’m ___ A. exhausted B. exhausting C. to be exhausted D. exhaust 6. I’m starting a new job next week. I’m quite ___ about it. A. exciting B. excited C. boring` D. bored 7. Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very ___ A. amuse B. to amuse C. amusing D. amused 8. I’ve got nothing to do. I’m ___ A. boring B. bored C. interesting D. interested 9. Lisa is a very ___person. She knows a lot, she’s traveled a lot and she’s done lots of different things. A. interests B. interest C. interested D. interesting 10. I’m ___ at his success. A. surprise B. to surprise C. surprised D. surprising Bài tập 3: Sắp xếp những tính từ sau để làm thành một cụm danh từ hoàn chỉnh. 1. nice / a / pullover / a / new => ___ 2. house / a(n) / old / beautiful. => ___ 3. metal / a / box / small / black => ___ 37
38. 4. beautiful / long / hair / black => ___ 5. painting / French / a(n) /old / interesting => ___ Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành những câu sau , sử dụng danh từ như tính từ: 1. Her call to California lasted ten minutes. She made ___ to California. 2. Sam’s new apartment is in a building which has twelve storeys. Sam’s new apartment is in a ___ building. 3. We teach languages. We are ___ teachers. 4. The manager said that the sale would last for two days. The manager said that it would be a ___ sale. 5. Mal bought a tool set containing 79 pieces. Mal bought a ___tool set. Bài tập 5: Điền vào chổ trống với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”. 1. Ann is very busy these days. She has ___free time. 2. Did you take ___photographs when you were on holiday ? 3. I’m not very busy today. I haven’t got ___ to do. 4. The museum was very crowded. There were too ___ people. 5. Most of the town is modern. There are ___ old buildings. 6. The weather has been very dry recently. We’ve had ___ rain. 7. Listen carefully. I’m going to five you ___ advice. 8. Do you mind if I ask you ___ questions? 9. This town is not a very interesting place to visit., so ___ tourists come here. 10. I don’t think Jose would be a good teacher. She’s got ___ patience. 11. “Have you ever been to Paris ?” “Yes, I’ve been there ___ times” 12. You made so ___ mistakes in your writing. 13. I do not know ___ about biology. I have ___ knowledge about genetics. 14. The boy are making too ___ noise. 15. How ___languages can you speak ? And how ___ time do you spend on learning English? Bài tập 6: Chọn từ đúng trong ngoặc: 1. Rita plays the violin ___ (good /well) 2. That is an ___ (intense / intensely) novel. 3. The sun is shining ___ (bright / brightly). 4. The following day she felt ___ (sufficiently / sufficient) well to go to work. 5. We don’t like to drink ___ (bitter / bitterly) tea. 6. He had an accident because he was driving too ___ (fast / fastly). 7. Your cold sounds ___ (terrible / terribly). 8. They became ___ (sick / sickly) after eating the contaminated food. 9. There’s no point in doing a job id you don’t do it ___ (proper / properly) 10. Rose is ___ (terrible / terribly ) upset about losing her job. 11. Nam works very ___ (hard / hardly). 12. Miss White sang very ___ (beautiful / beautifully) at my birthday party last night. 13. I like this motorbike because it ‘s very ___ (economical / economically). It consumes less petrol. 14. His boss sacked him because he had behaved ___ (irresponsible / irresponsibly). 15. Thanks to ___ (economic / economically) reforms, our country has had a lot of changes. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 19: DANH TỪ Phần lý thuyết: 1. CÁCH THÀNH LẬP DANH TỪ: Thêm những tiếp vị ngữ sau (suffixes) vào những từ gốc ta sẽ có một danh từ mới SUFFIXES NOUNS 38
39. -ance reliance, performance -ence residence, dependence -er, -or actor, computer compiler, adaptor -ist, -yst analyst, pianist, -((a)t)ion action, destination, conclusion, conversion -ness kindness, blindness -ment measurement, treatment -ity brevity, electricity, variety -ian electrician, pedestrian -ism mechanism, realism -ship relationship, friendship -ive initiative, objective -acy literacy, poignancy 2. VỊ TRÍ & CHỨC NĂNG: - Đứng sau tính từ: Ex: We have a good __relationship___ (relate)=> Good là tính từ nên sau nó phải là danh từ - Làm chủ từ trong câu: Ex: The applicant looks nervous - Làm túc từ trong câu: Ex: She asked the candidates many questions Phần bài tập: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành những câu bên dưới. 1. In spite of her illness, she is ___ cheerful. A. relation B. related C. relative D. relatively 2. Smoking is ___ to the health. A. harm B. harmful C. unharmed D. harmless 3. The surgeons tried their best to save his life, but unfortunately the operation was ___ A. succeeded B. successful C. unsuccessful D. successfully 4. The pilot of an airplane is ___ for the safely of the passengers. A. responsible B. responsibility C. responsibly D. responsive 5. Mike Tyson is a ___ boxer. A. profession B. professional C. professionally D. professor 6. These children look ___. A. health B. healthy C. healthful D. healthily 7. Nowadays, women are more ___ than they used to be. A. independent B. independently C. independence D. independency 8. Many people were ___ after the storm. A. home B. homely C. homeless D. homelessness 9. You look ___ in your new dress. A. beauty B. beautiful C. beautifully D. beautify 10. They dealt with the problem in a ___ way. A. purpose B. purposeful C. purposefully D. purposelessly 11. Jim is a very ___ person. A. rely B. reliable C. reliability D. reliance 12. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a geo-political and ___ organization. A. economy B. economic C. economics D. economical 13. ASEAN's aims include the acceleration of economic growth, ___ progress, cultural, development among its members, and the promotion of regional peace. A. society B. social C. socially D. socialize 14. A holiday in America can be ___cheap. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprisingly 15. The panda’s ___ habitat is the bamboo forest. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. natured 39
40. 16. He was born blind; but despite this___he still managed to become one of the top pop singers of his generation. A. disability B. ability C. unable D. disable 17. His health was seriously affected and he suffered from constant___. A. sleeping B. sleeplessness C. sleepy D. asleep 18. He hoped his ___ would give him a pay rise. A. employee B. employ C. employed D. employer 19. The ___was a success; the patient will fully recover in a month's time. A. operating B. operator C. operate D. operation 20. Faraday was the ___ of the first generator. A. inventing B. invention C. inventor D. inventive CHUYÊN ĐỀ 20: GIỚI TỪ & CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: On On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet In In April / 1980 In summer / spring / autumn / winter In five minutes / a few days / two years In the morning / afternoon / evening At At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas At the end of / at the age of From to From 1977 to 1985 Since Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock For For three days / a long time / one hour. II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: On On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone In In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car In the middle of At At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match At 10 Pasteur Street By By car / bus / plane (on foot) By accident / chance For For a walk / a swim / a drink For breakfast / lunch / dinner III. VERB + NOUN + PREP: 40
41. - give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - pay attention to : chú ý đến - lose touch with: mất liên lạc với - put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt - make use of : dùng, tận dụng - take care of : chăm sóc - make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo - take note of : lưu ý đến - keep pace with : theo kịp - take notice of : chú ý thấy, nhận thấy IV. VERB + PREP: 1. VERB + TO 2. VERB + FOR 3. VERB + ABOUT - apologize to sb for sth - apply for - care about SOMETHING - belong to - care for SOMEONE - dream about sb / sth - complain to sb about sb / - pay for - think about sth - look for - hear about: be told about - happen to - wait for - warn about - introduce to - blame for - listen to - leave for - speak / talk to sb - search for - write to - ask for - prefer to - explain to - invite to 4. VERB + ON 5. VERB + OF 6. VERB + AT - concentrate on / focus on - consist of - laugh at / smile at - depend on / rely on - die of - shout at - live on - take care of - look at / stare at / glance at - congratulate on - accuse of - point at / aim at - spend on - remind of 7. VERB + IN 8. VERB + WITH 9. VERB + FROM - succeed in - provide with - suffer from / borrow from - arrive in / at - charge with - save / protect / prevent from V. ADJECTIVE + PREP: 1. ADJ + TO 2. ADJ + FOR 3. ADJ + ABOUT - accustomed to - available for - angry about - addicted to - responsible for - anxious about - harmful to - famous for - worried about - similar to / agreeable to - late for - excited about 4. ADJ + ON 5. ADJ + OF 6. ADJ + AT - keen on - afraid of / full of - surprised at - dependent on - aware of / tired of - quick at - ashamed of - bad / good at - capable of - brilliant at 7. ADJ + IN 8. ADJ + WITH 9. ADJ + FROM - confident in - equipped with - different from - successful in - bored with - absent from - interested in - busy with - safe from - rich in - acquainted with - Satisfied with - familiar with Grammar XVIII: PHRASAL VERBS 1- apply to sb for sth: nộp đơn đến. . . xin. . . 13- throw sth at sb/ sth: ném, chọi 2- ask out: ask sb to go on a date - throw away: discard 41
42. - ask sb for sth: hỏi xin ai/ yêu cầu ai cái gì - throw sth to sb: chuyền 3- arrive in: đến (country, city, town) 14- take after: resemble: trông giống như - arrive at: đến (other places) - take off: cất cánh, cởi ra 4- call on: ask to speak in class 15- turn off: switch off : tắt (đèn, quạt. ), shut off - call back: return a telephone call - turn on: switch on: mở (đèn, quạt . . ) - call off: cancel - turn round: quay lại - call up: make a telephone call - turn up: arrive: đến, xuất hiện. vặn lớn 5- drop in:visit without calling first or an (volume) invitation - turn down: decrease the volume: vặn nhỏ - drop out (of): stop attending a school 16- catch up (with) đuổi kịp, bắt kịp 6- fill in : điền vào ( mẫu đơn) 17- cool off: nguội lạnh đi, giảm đi (nhiệt tình) - fill out: write information in a form 18- cross out: draw a line through - fill up: fill completely with gas, water. . . 19- discuss sth with sb = have a discussion about 7- get along (with): have a good relationship with sth - get in: enter a car/ taxi. . . 20- explain sth to sb: giải thích - get off: leave a bus/ train. . . 21- fall behind: bị tụt đằng sau - get on: enter a bus/ train . . . 22- find out: discover information - get out (of): leave a car/ taxi. . . 23- glance at sb/ sth: take a quick look at: liếc nhìn - get over : recover from: bình phục 24- grow up: become an adult: trưởng thành, lớn - get through (with): finish lên - get up: thức dậy, đánh thức ai dậy 25- hang up: hang on a hanger 8- give up: get rid of: ngưng, từ bỏ 26- hold up: delay, postpone: làm trở ngại - give in: nhượng bộ, chịu thua 27- hurry up: làm nhanh - give back: return sth to sb 28- invite sb to/ for sth: mời 9- go after: run after: đuổi theo 29- keep up: giữ vững duy trì, tiếp tục - go ahead: be carried out: thực hiện, tiến hành - keep on: continue - go along: develop, progress: phát triển, tiến 30- laugh at sb/ sth: cười, trêu chọc, chế nhạo triển 31- leave out: omit - go away: đi khỏi, đi xa nhà - leave somewhere for. . .: rời - go back: return: trở lại 32- lie down: nằm xuống (để nghỉ ngơi) - go in: enter a room/ house: bước vào phòng/ 33- make up: invent a story:bịa ra nhà 34- pick up: lift: nhặt, hái, đón ai - go off: explode, be fired: nổ, bắn (súng) 35- pay back: return money to sb: trả tiền cho ai - go on: continue : tiếp tục 36- point at/ to sb/ sth: chỉ - go out: stop burning: tắt 37- run into: meet by chance: gặp tình cờ - go over: look at sth carefully: xem xét kỹ 38- search sb/ sth for sb/ sth: khám, xét, tìm - go up # go down: tăng # giảm giá 39- speak up: nói to lên 10.hand in: give homework, test to a teacher - speak to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói - hand out:give sth to this person then that 40- stay on: lưu lại thêm một thời gian nữa person. 41- talk to/ with sb about/ of sb/ sth: nói, thảo luận 11.look after: take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom 42- try out : test : thử nghiệm - look for: search for: tìm kiếm 43- wait up: thức chờ ai - look out (for): be careful: để ý cẩn thận - wait for: chờ đợi - look sth up: tra cứu 44- wash up: wash the dishes: rửa chén - look forward to: mong đợi, mong mỏi 45- watch out (for): be careful 12.put on: dress yourself in sth: mặc (quần áo), 46- write to sb: viết thư gởi ai đội - put off: postpone, delay Phần bài tập 1. You look tired. Sit ___ and have a cup of tea. 2. I’m looking for yesterday’s newspaper. Did you throw it ___? 3. Turn ___ the music! It’s too loud! 4. I live in Bristol now, but I grew ___ in Leicester. 42