Chuyên đề số 17: Luyện kỹ năng làm bài sửa lỗi sai dành cho đối tượng học sinh ôn thi THPT Quốc gia - Nguyễn Văn Nam

Nội dung text: Chuyên đề số 17: Luyện kỹ năng làm bài sửa lỗi sai dành cho đối tượng học sinh ôn thi THPT Quốc gia - Nguyễn Văn Nam

1. SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BẮC GIANG HỘI THI GVDG CẤP TỈNH, CẤP TRUNG HỌC VÒNG 3 CHU KỲ 2016-2019 CHUYÊN ĐỀ SỐ 17 Tên chuyên đề: LUYỆN KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI SỬA LỖI SAI DÀNH CHO ĐỐI TƯỢNG HỌC SINH ÔN THI THPTQG Giáo viên dự thi: ThS. NGUYỄN VĂN NAM Môn: TIẾNG ANH Trường: THPT TÂN YÊN SỐ 2 Huyện: TÂN YÊN Tân Yên, tháng 12 năm 2018 1 Phê duyệt kế hoạch Tân Yên, ngày 15 tháng 9 năm 2012 Hiệu phó chuyên môn Tổ trưởng chuyên môn Người lập kế hoạch Nguyễn Hữu Tân M.A. Nguyễn Văn Nam M.A. Nguyễn Văn Nam
2. Chuyên đề số: 17 Tên chuyên đề: LUYỆN KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI SỬA LỖI SAI DÀNH CHO ĐỐI TƯỢNG HỌC SINH ÔN THI THPTQG Xác định lỗi sai trong một câu hay một đoạn văn tiếng Anh là dạng bài tập khó khiến rất nhiều học sinh thấy lúng túng và mất thời gian khi giải chúng. Xác định được lỗi sai trong câu văn hay đoạn văn không chỉ yêu cầu học sinh phải nắm vững rất nhiều kiến thức tiếng Anh tổng hợp mà nó còn đòi hỏi ở các em phải có khả năng tư duy, phân tích và phán đoán nhanh. Để làm tốt được dạng bài tập này trong các đề thi thì các em cần lưu ý hai điểm sau: * Không nên quá tập trung vào cả câu và ý nghĩa của cả câu. * Hãy tập trung quan sát các từ/ cụm từ được gạch chân (trong phần trắc nghiệm khách quan), các từ/ cụm từ trước và sau chúng để tìm ra mối liên hệ giữa các thành phần trong câu. Tìm ra được sự bất ổn trong mối quan hệ giữa hai thành phần nào đó sẽ giúp các em học sinh có được câu trả lời. Chuyên đề này sẽ giúp các em có cái nhìn tổng quát về các lỗi sai thường gặp trong dạng bài, phương pháp giúp các em phát hiện và xác định được lỗi sai, đồng thời cung cấp cho các em các dạng bài tập vận dụng liên quan giúp các em hiểu rõ hơn, làm bài tốt hơn trong các kỳ thi. A. CÁC KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN Các nhóm lỗi sai thường gặp trong phần bài xác định lỗi sai gồm: 1. Lỗi sai về chính tả Người ra đề sẽ cho một từ viết sai chính tả (có thể là thừa hay thiếu chữ cái nào đó). Nhiệm vụ của các em học sinh là phải tìm ra lỗi sai đó thông qua kiến thức từ vựng đã học. Ví dụ 1: She is quiet intelligent. Ở ví dụ này do intelligent là tính từ nên chúng ta phải sử dụng một trạng từ để mở rộng ý nghĩa cho nó nhưng người ra đề đã cố ý viết sai chính tả trạng từ quite (trạng từ có nghĩa tiếng Việt là “khá”) thành từ quiet (nó là tính từ, tiếng Việt có nghĩa là “yên tính”). Vì thế câu đúng ở đây phải là: She is quite intelligent (Chị ấy khá thông minh) Ví dụ 2: She is very nine. A B C D Ở ví dụ này sau trạng từ very ta phải dùng một tính từ nhưng tác giả đã cố tình viết nhầm từ nice (tính từ) thành từ nine (số từ) nên câu văn không rõ nghĩa. Như vậy đáp án D sai và câu sửa đúng là: She is very nice. 2. Lỗi sai về ngữ nghĩa Người ra đề sẽ dùng sai nghĩa của một từ hay một cụm từ trong câu. Nhiệm vụ của các em học sinh là phải tìm ra lỗ sai đó thông qua kiến thức mình đã học. Ví dụ 1: She works very hardly. Xét về mặt từ loại thì trạng từ được dùng để mở rộng nghĩa cho động từ và như vậy trạng từ hardly mở rộng nghĩa cho động từ work là hoàn toàn hợp lý nhưng ở ví dụ này thì hardly lại sai vì nghĩa tiếng Việt của nó là “hầu như không”, mà câu văn này ý muốn nói đến “chị ấy làm việc rất chăm chỉ/vất 2
3. vả” vì vậy ta phải dùng trạng từ hard (nghĩa “chăm chỉ, vất vả”) mới đúng. Câu đúng sẽ là: She works very hard. Ví dụ 2: Mary didn’t come to the party with her boyfriend last night in spite of bad A B C D weather. Sau khi kiểm tra các đáp án, ta thấy tất cả đều đúng về mặt ngữ pháp. Ta xét đến nghĩa của câu thì thấy đáp án D bị sai và cần sửa bởi hai vế của câu dùng từ nối không đúng. Câu sửa lại đúng ở đây sẽ là: Mary didn’t come to the party with her boyfriend last night because of bad weather. 3. Lỗi sai về ngữ pháp Đây là dạng phổ biến nhất trong bài xác định lỗi sai. Loại lỗi sai này liên quan đến nhiều lĩnh vực ngữ pháp khác nhau trong tiếng Anh. Nó đòi hỏi học sinh cần phải nắm vững các chuyên đề ngữ pháp từ cơ bản đến nâng cao. Các loại lỗi sai thường gặp trong dạng này gồm: 3.1. Sai về sự hòa hợp giữ chủ ngữ và động từ Các lỗi sai cần xác định sẽ chủ yếu là động từ chính và chủ ngữ của câu. Thường trong những câu này chủ ngữ và động từ không đứng cạnh nhau mà có thể bị xen vào bởi các thành phần khác (mệnh đề quan hệ, đại từ quan hệ, ) Ví dụ 1: The study of languages are very interesting. Trong câu này ta thấy “the study” là chủ ngữ chính của câu. Chủ ngữ này là số ít vì thế động từ trong câu cần được chia số ít nhưng ở đây động từ lại được chia là “are”. Vì thế câu này sai ở động từ và sửa đúng là: The study of languages is very interesting. Ví dụ 2: I like pupils who works very hard. A B C D Trong câu ta thấy đáp án A, C là động từ. Xét đáp án A đúng vì chủ ngữ là “I”. Song đáp án B, dựa vào nghĩa (tôi thích những học sinh người mà học tập chăm chỉ) ta thấy danh từ “pupils” ở dạng số nhiều là đúng. Đại từ quan hệ “who” thay thế cho danh từ số nhiều “pupils” nên động từ theo sau cũng phải chia theo danh từ số nhiều. Như vậy đáp án C là đáp án sai và cần sửa. Câu đúng ở đây sẽ là: I like pupils who work very hard. 3.2. Sai về thì của động từ, việc kết hợp sử dụng các thì Các lỗi sai cần xác định sẽ chủ yếu rơi vào các động từ của câu. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian (các trạng từ thường là dấu hiệu giúp nhận biết các thì) hoặc mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian được bắt đầu với các liên từ như: when/ as (khi), just as (ngay khi), while (trong khi), until/ till (cho đến khi), whenever (bất cứ khi nào), no sooner than (ngay khi), hardly when (ngay khi), as long as (chừng nào, cho đến khi), since (từ khi), Ví dụ 1: We only get home from France yesterday. Trong câu ta thấy xuất hiện trạng từ chỉ thời gian “yesterday” (hôm qua) nên động từ trong câu sẽ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn. Do đó get phải đổi thành got. Câu đúng là: We only got home from france yesterday. Dịch câu: Chúng tôi chỉ mới về nhà từ Pháp ngày hôm qua. Ví dụ 2: We are going to visit our grandparents when we will finish our exams. A B C D 3
4. Xem xét những từ được gạch chân, ta đặc biệt chú ý vào các đáp án A, C, D (gạch chân các thì của động từ và liên từ). Ta thấy đáp án A, C đều đúng, chỉ còn đáp án D là sai bởi trong một câu, nếu mệnh đề chính chia ở thì tương lai đơn hoặc cấu trúc “be going to ” thì động từ ở mệnh đề phụ (mệnh đề trạng ngữ) phải ở thì hiện tại đơn. Vậy ta phải bỏ “will” đi thì câu mới đúng. 3.3. Sai về việc sử dụng từ loại Các lỗi sai cần xác định chủ yếu liên quan đến từ loại (có thể là danh từ, tính từ, động từ, trạng từ) Ví dụ 1: He studied very hard, so he passed the exam easy. Trong câu ta thấy từ easy bị dùng sai bởi lẽ ở vị trí này cần một trạng từ để mở rộng nghĩa cho cụm từ passed the exam. Thay vì sử dụng trạng từ thì họ lại dùng tính từ như vậy từ easy phải sửa thành easily. Câu đúng sẽ là: He studied very hard, so he passed the exam easily. Ví dụ 2: Women wear make-up to beautiful themselves. A B C D Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D thì ta thấy đáp án C bị sai bởi ở vị trí này chúng ta cần một động từ đứng sau “to” chỉ mục đích của hành động. Câu đúng sẽ là: Women wear make-up to beautify themselves. 3.4. Sai về việc dùng giới từ/ cụm động từ Các lỗi sai cần xác định chủ yếu là giới từ ( in, on, at, of, with, ) hay cụm động từ ( depend on, consist of, focus on, ) trong câu. Ví dụ 1: The plane is flying on the sky. Xét về ý nghĩa thì câu này không có gì là sai bởi “on” nghĩa là “trên” và câu này ta có thể dich là “máy bay đang bay trên bầu trời” Nhưng xét về cách sử dụng giới từ trong tiếng Anh thi giới từ on ở trong câu này bị sai và cần phải sửa thành in. Khi sử dụng giới từ người Anh thường so sánh hai đối tượng được so sánh với nhau, nghĩa là so sánh máy bay với bầu trời nên phải nó phải ở trong bầu trời. Câu đúng khi đó sẽ là: The plane is flying in the sky. Ví dụ 2: It is many years for Mount Vesuvius last erupted. A B C D Trong câu này đáp án C bị sai và cần phải sửa bởi trước một mốc thời gian (lần cuối núi Vesuvius tuôn trào) ta không dùng giới từ “for”. Trong thì HTHT ta chỉ dùng “for” trước một khoảng thời gian (for weeks, for two years, ) còn trước một mốc thời gian ta phải sử dụng since vì thế câu này phải sửa như sau: It is many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted. 3.5. Sai về các chủ đề ngữ pháp khác như: câu bị động, câu trực tiếp gián tiếp, câu so sánh, đại từ quan hệ, mạo từ, Các lỗi sai cần xác định thường là các động từ đối với câu bị động, câu trực tiếp gián tiếp. Đối với dạng câu so sánh sẽ thường là lỗi do dùng sai dạng so sánh của tính từ, trạng từ. Đối với dạng mệnh đề quan hệ thì thường là lỗi sai do sử dụng không đúng các đại từ quan hệ hay thừa các từ mà đại từ quan hệ đã thay thế, Ví dụ 1: The place where we visisted yesterday is very quiet. Lỗi sai cần xác định ở trong ví dụ này là từ “where”. Mặc dù “place” là danh từ chỉ địa điểm nhưng chứng ta không thể dùng trạng từ quan hệ “where’ để thay thế cho nó bởi nó phụ thuộc vào động từ phía sau “visit”. Vì thế ta phải sử dụng đại từ quan hệ “which” thay vì trạng từ quan hệ “where”. Câu 4
5. đúng ở đây sẽ là: The place which we visisted yesterday is very quiet. Ví dụ 2: He told me that he will go to America the next week. A B C D Xem qua các đáp án, ta thấy các đáp án A, C, D đều đúng. Vậy đáp án B là đáp án sai bởi vì đây là loại câu trực tiếp- gián tiếp nên động từ chính trong câu cần phải lui lại một thì. Nghĩa là động từ “will” phải được lùi thành “would” và câu đúng sẽ là: He told me that he would go to America the next week. 3.6. Sai về dạng thức của động từ: V-ing, to V, V(inf) Các lỗi sai cần xác định sẽ thường là các động từ theo sau các động từ khác hay theo sau tân ngữ, Để xác định được lỗi sai các em học sinh cần nắm vững kiến thức liên quan đến verb form (V_ing, to V, V(inf). Ví dụ 1: My parents never let me to go out late at night. Đọc câu văn này chúng ta thấy động từ “to go” bị sai và phải sửa thành “go” bởi động từ “let” phía trước có cấu trúc “let + O + V” . Câu đúng ở đây là: My parents never let me go out late at night. Ví dụ 2: I can’t help live with a person who is always making noise. A B C D Như chúng ta biết sau “can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand” ta cần dùng V-ing nhưng ở câu này người ta lại sử dụng động từ nguyên thể không to “live”. Như vậy, đáp án A trong câu này bị sai và phải sửa thành “living”. Câu đúng sẽ là: I can’t help living with a person who is always making noise. 3.7. Sai về cấu trúc song song Lỗi sai này xảy ra khá phổ biến trong các đề thi, đặc biệt là đề thi THPTQG. Các lỗi sai cần phải xác định thường là một đối tượng trong số những đối tượng đã được liệt kê trước (có thể đó là một động từ, danh từ, tính từ, trạng từ hoặc mệnh đề). Ví dụ 1: John enjoys listening to music, watching TV and play football. Thông thường sau động từ enjoy ta phải sử dụng động từ ở dạng đuôi “ing” nhưng ở trong câu này thì ta thấy có hai động từ được thêm “ing”, còn động từ thứ 3 (play) thì không được thêm “ing”. Như vậy lỗi sai ở đây là động từ play vì nó không song hành cùng với 2 động từ trước (listening, watching) khi đi sau enjoy. Câu đúng sẽ là: John enjoys listening to music, watching TV and playing football. Ví dụ 2: Peter is rich, handsome, and many people like him. A B C D Trong câu này sau động từ “to be” ta cần phải dùng tính từ và với các đáp án được gạch chân, B và C đều đúng vì là tính từ. Trong cấu trúc song song có các liên từ (and, or) thì cần phải dùng các từ cùng loại với nhau vì thế đáp án D sai do không cùng loại từ với B và C. Chúng ta có thể thay thế cả đáp án D thành từ popular để tất cả các từ đều là tính từ và khi đó câu sẽ là: Peter is rich, handsome and popular. 3.8. Sai về việc sử dụng các cấu trúc câu khác: so that, such that, too , enough , hardy when, no sooner than Các lỗi sai cần phải xác định sẽ thường là một từ trong cấu trúc đó, hoặc động từ chia theo cấu trúc đó, 5
6. Ví dụ 1: There were such many books on the shelves that I didn’t know which one to choose. Trong câu ví dụ này ta dễ dàng nhận thấy từ “such” bị sai và phải sửa thành “so” bởi ta có cấu trúc “S + V + so + much/many + N + that + clause (Có nhiều đến nỗi mà ). Ta không sử dụng “such” trong cấu trúc này mặc dù cấu trúc thường thấy với nó là “S + V + such + (a/an) + adj + N + that + clause. Câu chữa đúng ở đây là: There were so many books on the shelves that I didn’t know which one to choose. Ví dụ 2: Hardly had she left her office than her boss phoned her. A B C D Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D trong ví dụ ở trên ta thấy đáp án C bị sai và cần phải sửa bởi ta thường có cấu trúc cố định “Hardly + had + S + VpII + when/before + S + Ved/pI ”. Như vậy từ “than” được sử dụng ở đây không phù hợp với cấu trúc và nó phải được sửa thành “when hay before”. Câu đúng sẽ là: Hardly had she left her office when/before her boss phoned her. B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN DẠNG 1: Lỗi sai về chính tả 1. Phương pháp chung * Đọc lướt cả câu để nắm rõ nghĩa cần truyền đạt và chính tả của các từ, đặc biệt là các từ được gạch chân. * Dựng câu đúng trên cơ sở phân tích các loại lỗi, chú ý tới thứ tự viết các chữ cái trong các từ được gạch chân. * Vận dụng vốn kiến thức từ vựng của bản thân so sánh với các từ/ cụm từ được gạch chân để xác định ra lỗi cần phải sửa. 2. Các ví dụ Ví dụ 1: I will miss your houes very much, Johnny. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu ví dụ trên là đáp án C. Ý của tác giả muốn nói với Johnny rằng tác giả sẽ rất nhớ ngôi nhà của Johnny nhưng thay vì viết đúng danh từ “house” nghĩa là “ngôi nhà” thì tác giả lại viết thành từ “houes”. Hai chữ cái cuối cùng trong từ “house” bị đảo lộn vị trí dẫn đến từ “houes” chẳng có nghĩa gì trong tiếng Anh. Vậy ta cần phải sửa câu văn trên như sau: I will miss your house very much, Johnny. Ví dụ 2: At Christmas I like being given a present by Satan Claus. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu ví dụ này là đáp án D. Trong câu này tác giả muốn nói rằng “vào dịp Nô-en tác giả thích được ông già Nô-en tặng quà” nhưng thay vì viết đúng danh từ “Santa” trong cụm từ “Santa Claus” nghĩa là ‘ông già Nô-en” thì tác giả lại viết sai vị trí của chữ cái “n” trong từ ‘Santa”. Như vậy câu trên cần được sửa lại là: At Christmas I like being given a present by Santa Claus. Ví dụ 3: Cambridge City. Sea you again. A B C D 6
7. Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu ví dụ trên là đáp án B. Trong câu văn này tác giả muốn diễn đạt “Thành phố Cambridge. Hẹn gặp lại” nhưng thay vì sử dụng đúng động từ “see” nghĩa là “nhìn” thì tác giả lại sử dụng danh từ “sea” nghĩa là “biển” mặc dù từ “sea” là từ đồng âm với từ “see”. Vậy ta cần phải sửa câu văn trên như sau: Cambridge City. See you again. Ví dụ 4: I love my whore family. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu ví dụ trên là đáp án C. Trong câu văn đó tác giả muốn nói mình yêu tất cả các thành viên trong gia đinh nhưng thay vì sử dụng đúng tính từ “whole” nghĩa là “toàn bộ” để đứng trước danh từ “family” thì tác giả lại viết sai thành danh từ “whore” nghĩa là ‘gái điếm”. Vậy ta cần phải sửa câu văn trên như sau: I love my whole family. Ví dụ 5: We offer free wife in our hotel during your stay. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Nhìn tổng thể cả câu và xét các đáp án A, B, C, D được gạch chân thì ta thấy đáp án B bị sai bởi tác giả viết sai chữ cái của từ mình muốn diễn đạt. Ý của tác giả muốn nói rằng ở khách sạn của mình thì khách nghỉ có thể sử dụng internet miễn phí. Nhưng thay vì viết đúng là “free wifi” nghĩa là “sử dụng wifi miễn phí” thì tác giả lại viết thành “free wife” nghĩa là “vợ miễn phí”. Thật là tệ hại khi chúng ta chỉ dùng sai có một chữ cái nhưng làm ý nghĩa của câu hoàn toàn bị thay đổi. Câu trên được sửa cho đúng là: We offer free wifi in our hotel during your stay. Ví dụ 6: Take one capsule by mouth nightly 3 hours before ded. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu ví dụ trên là đáp án D. Trong câu văn đó tác giả muốn nói rằng “uống một viên mỗi tối 3 tiếng trước khi đi ngủ” nhưng thay vì sử dụng đúng cụm tù “before bed” nghĩa là “ trước khi đi ngủ” thì tác giả lại viết sai thành “before ded”- cụm từ chẳng mang ý nghĩa gì cả và đã khiến người dùng thuốc không biết sử dụng thuốc sao cho đúng. Vậy ta cần phải sửa câu trên cho đúng là: Take one capsule by mouth nightly 3 hours before bed. Ví dụ 7: Please pay your parking fee before existing. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D trong câu ví dụ bên trên ta dễ dàng nhận thấy đáp án D bị sai và cần phải sửa. Ở đây ý của tác giả muốn nói rằng “vui lòng trả phí gửi xe trước khi đi ra” nhưng thay vì sử dụng đúng từ “exiting” nghĩa là ‘ra, thoát” thì tác giả lại viết nhầm thành từ “existing” nghĩa là “tồn tại”. Câu cần sửa lại là: Please pay your parking fee before exiting. Ví dụ 8: The keynote speaker started with some complementary remarks about the organisers of A B C the conference, and then proceeded with her speech. (Câu 48 mã đề 402 đề thi THPTQG năm 2018) D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu này là đáp án B. Thay vì sử dụng đúng cụm từ “complimentary remarks” nghĩa là “ngợi ca” thì tác giả lại viết sai chính tả chữ cái “e” trong cụm từ dẫn đến nghĩa của cụm từ hoàn toàn bị thay đổi. Vì thế cụm từ “complementary remarks” phải được sửa thành “complimentary remarks” và câu đúng ở đây là: The keynote speaker started with some complimentary remarks about the organisers of the conference, and then proceeded with her speech. 7
8. DẠNG 2: Lỗi sai về ngữ nghĩa 1. Phương pháp chung * Đọc lướt cả câu để hiểu rõ ý nghĩa cần truyền đạt, đặc biệt chú ý tới các từ nối, liên từ giữa các mệnh đề trong câu. * Dựng câu trên cở sở phân tích các lỗi liên quan, chú ý tới các từ gạch chân đặc biệt các từ nối giữa mệnh đề trước với mệnh đề sau. * Vận dụng vốn kiến thức từ vựng của bản thân phân tích ý nghĩa của câu, của 2 mệnh đề trong câu và từ nối liên quan để xác định ra lỗi sai cần phải sửa. Thông thường là các từ nối/liên từ trong các mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên do, mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nhân quả hay mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nhượng bộ, 2. Các ví dụ Ví dụ 1: I found it hardly to keep my concentration with such a noise going on. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét về mặt chính tả thì ở trong câu này không có lỗi sai nào cả. Tuy nhiên xét về mặt ngữ nghĩa thì đáp án A bị sai và cần phải sửa. Thay vì sử dụng đúng từ “hard” nghĩa là “khó” thì tác giả lại sử dụng từ “hardly” nghĩa là “hầu như không” và việc sử dụng này đã làm cho ý nghĩa của câu bị thay đổi cũng như sai về mặt cấu trúc ngữ pháp của câu ( S + “find” + it + adj + to V ). Vậy câu cần sửa lại đúng là: I found it hard to keep my concentration with such a noise going on. Ví dụ 2: I haven’t seen John late. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D trong câu ví dụ bên trên ta dễ dàng nhận thấy đáp án D bị sai và cần phải sửa. Ở đây ý của tác giả muốn nói rằng gần đây anh ấy không gặp John nhưng thay vì sử dụng đúng trạng từ “lately” nghĩa là “gần đây” thì tác giả lại sử dụng từ “late” nghĩa là “muộn”. Vậy câu đúng là: I haven’t seen John lately. Ví dụ 3: She overslept this morning but she went to school late. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu này là đáp án B. Trong câu ví dụ này ý tác giả muốn nói rằng sáng nay cô ấy đã ngủ quên vì thế cô ấy đi học muộn nhưng thay vì sử dụng liên từ chỉ nhân quả “so” nghĩa là “vì thế, vì vậy” thì tác giả lại sử dụng liên từ “but” nghĩa là “nhưng”. Việc sử dụng sai liên từ này đã làm cho ý nghĩa của câu thay đổi và không chính xác. Vậy câu cần sửa đúng ở đây sẽ là: She overslept this morning so she went to school late. Ví dụ 4: I went to school on time because of the heavy rain. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Sau khi đọc cả câu và kiểm tra tất cả các đáp án được gạch chân thì ta nhận thấy không có đáp án nào sai về ngữ pháp hay chính tả. Ta xét đến nghĩa của câu thì thấy đáp án C bị sai và cần sửa lại. Thay vì sử dụng cụm từ “in spite of” hay “despite” nghĩa là “mặc dù” thì tác giả lại sử dụng cụm từ “because of” nghĩa là “vì/bởi vì” và việc sử dụng đó đã làm cho nghĩa của câu không chính xác. Câu sửa đúng là: I went to school on time in spite of the heavy rain. Ví dụ 5: The heavy rain made it possible for us to have our picnic. A B C D 8
9. Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D trong câu bên trên thì ta thấy đáp án C bị sai về mặt ý nghĩa. Đáp án A thì đúng bởi tính từ đúng trước danh từ. Đáp án B, C, D thì đúng về mặt cấu trúc (make) it + adj (for O) + to V nhưng trong đó đáp án C bị sai về ý nghĩa. Ý của câu này là “mưa to làm cho chúng tôi không thể đi dã ngoại được” nhưng thay vì sử dụng “impossible” nghĩa là “không thể” thì tác giả lại dùng “possible” nghĩa là “có thể”. Câu cần sửa lại là: The heavy rain made it impossible for to have our picnic. Ví dụ 6: She didn’t want to go back to the shop because it was very lately. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Trong câu ví dụ bên trên ta dễ dàng nhận thấy đáp án D bị sai về ý nghĩa và cần phải được sửa lại. Tác giả muốn nói rằng chị ấy không muốn quay trở lại cửa hàng vì đã muộn nhưng thay vì sử dụng tính từ “late” nghĩa là “muộn” thì tác giả lại sử dụng từ “lately” nghĩa là “gần đây”. Vậy câu đúng là: She didn’t want to go back to the shop because it was very late. Ví dụ 7: John hardly never misses an opportunity to play in the tennis tournaments. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Sau khi đọc cả câu và kiểm tra các đáp án được gạch chân trong câu ví dụ bên trên ta thấy đáp án A bị sai về mặt ý nghĩa. Bản thân từ ‘hardly” đã mang nghĩa phủ định lại kết hợp với từ ‘never” cũng mang nghĩa phủ định nên không hợp lý. Vì lý do đó ta phải sửa lại câu trên bằng cách bỏ một trong 2 từ đó đi: John never misses an opportunity to play in the tennis tournaments/ John hardly misses an opportunity to play in the tennis tournaments. Dịch nghĩa “John hầu như chẳng bao giờ bỏ lỡ cơ hội chơi trong các giải thi đấu quần vợt.” Ví dụ 8: I undersand your point of view. However, I totally agree with you. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét về mặt chính tả và ngữ pháp thì câu ví dụ bên trên không có lỗi sai, nhưng xét về mặt ý nghĩa tổng thể của câu thì câu này sai ở từ “however”. Câu cần sửa đúng là: I understand your point of view. Therefore, I totally agree with you. Nghĩa của câu là “tôi hiểu quan điểm của cậu vì thế tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý”. DẠNG 3: Lỗi sai về ngữ pháp 1. Phương pháp chung * Đọc lướt cả câu để xác định được các thành phần trong câu như chủ ngữ chính, động từ chính, tân ngữ, các mệnh đề đi kèm (mệnh đề trạng ngữ, mệnh đề quan hệ, mệnh đề danh từ, ) * Sau khi đã xác định được các thành phần trong câu, ta chú ý tới sự hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ- động từ bằng cách xác định xem chủ ngữ là số ít hay số nhiều để có thể sử dụng đúng động từ. * Tiếp theo là nhận diện các dấu hiệu nhận biết để xác định thì của động từ xem động từ đó được chia ở quá khứ, hiện tại hay tương lai. * Tiếp tục chú ý xem câu đó mang nghĩa chủ động hay bị động dựa vào chủ ngữ và nghĩa cả câu. Thông thường khi chủ ngữ là vật thì câu hay mang nghĩa bị động và ngược lại khi là người thì thường mang nghĩa chủ động. * Cuối cùng xét các đáp án được gạch chân và những từ xung quanh nó để tìm ra lỗi sai cần phải sửa. 9
10. 2. Các ví dụ Ví dụ 1: Every member of the class were invited to the party by the former teacher. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Phân tích cấu trúc câu thì câu này hoàn toàn đầy đủ các thành phần S- V-O và không có mệnh đề phụ đi kèm. Tuy nhiên xét về mặt hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ thì ta dễ dàng nhận thấy đáp án B bị sai. Từ every + N (số ít) + V (chia số it) nhưng ở trong câu ví dụ này động từ lại được chia ở dạng số nhiều thành “were”. Vậy câu cần sửa lại là: Every member of the class was invited to the party by the former teacher. Dịch nghĩa “tất cả các thành viên trong lớp đều được thầy giáo cũ mời tới dự tiệc” Ví dụ 2: I learned English since I was 6 years old. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Trong câu ta để ý thấy động từ chính “learn” được gạch chân và chia ở thì quá khứ đơn. Tuy nhiên ở trong câu này lại có từ “since”, liên từ thường được dùng với thì hiện tại hoàn thành với cấu trúc HTHT + since + QKĐ. Vậy đáp án sai cần phải sửa ở câu này là đáp án A. Câu được sửa lại cho đúng là: I have learned English since I was 6 years old. Dich nghĩa “tôi đã học tiếng Anh kể từ khi tôi 6 tuổi.” Ví dụ 3: If you write the essay careful, you will get good mark. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Xét các đáp án A, B, C, D trong câu này thì ta dễ dàng nhận thấy đáp án C bị sai và cần phải sửa lại bởi ở vị trí này ta cần sử dụng 1 trạng từ để mở rộng nghĩa cho cụm từ “write the essay”, cụ thể là mở rộng nghĩa cho động từ “write”.Câu được sửa lại đúng là: If you write the essay carefully, you will get good mark. Ví dụ 4: The school library is free and open for all the pupils and the teaching staff. A B C A Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Sau khi đọc cả câu và phân tích các thành phần (S-V) thì ta thấy câu đầy đủ và không có lỗi sai. Đáp án A là động từ “is” chia số ít vì chủ ngữ “the school library” là số ít. Đáp án B “and” là liên từ nối giữa 2 tính từ “free” và “open”. Đáp án D “teaching staff” là một cụm danh từ cũng hoàn toàn đúng. Vậy chỉ có đáp án C “for” là bị sai và cần phải sửa lại bởi tính từ “open” theo sau nó là giới từ “to” chứ không phải “for”. Vậy câu đúng sau khi sửa lại là: The school library is free and open to all the pupils and teaching staff. Ví dụ 5: Nguyen Du, that wrote “Kieu story”, was a great Vietnamese poet. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Lỗi sai ở trong câu ví dụ này là lỗi sai liên quan đến cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ. Như vậy đáp án A bị sai bởi đại từ quan hệ “that” không được dùng sau dấu phẩy, thay vào đó ta phải sử dụng đại từ quan hệ “who”. Câu cần được sửa cho đúng là: Nguyen Du, who wrote “Kieu story”, was a great Vietnamese poet. Ví dụ 6: The woman tells them close their eyes tightly and cover them with their hands. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đáp án A đúng vì động từ “tell” chia số ít khi chủ ngữ của nó là “the woman” số ít. Đáp án C đúng vì là trạng từ đứng sau và mở rộng nghĩa cho động từ “close” phía trước. 10
11. Đáp án D cũng đúng vì nó là giới từ đi với động từ “cover” (cover sth with sth). Như vậy chỉ có đáp án B là bị sai và cần phải sửa lại bởi nó là động từ được dùng lệ thuộc vào động từ “tell” phía trước với cấu trúc “tell sb to do sth). Vậy câu đúng là: The woman tells them to close their eyes tightly and cover them with their hands. Ví dụ 7: Sleeping all day, to eat too much and never going out are unhealthy. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Sau khi đọc cả câu ta thấy có 3 hoạt động được nối với nhau bởi từ ‘and” nhưng trong đó có 1 hoạt động được sử dụng khác loại (dùng to V) so với 2 hoạt động còn lại (dùng V_ing). Vậy ta có thể khẳng định được đáp án B bị sai do lỗi liên quan đến cấu trúc song song giữa các thành phần trong câu. Câu cần sửa đúng là: Sleeping all day, eating too much and never going out are unhealthy. Ví dụ 8: Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. A B C D Hướng dẫn giải chi tiết: Đọc lướt qua câu ví dụ trên ta nhận thấy ngay đáp án A bị sai bởi lỗi sai liên quan đến đảo ngữ với cấu trúc “Hardly + had + S + VpII when + S + Ved/pI ”. Như vậy đáp án A cần phải sửa và câu đúng là: Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. 11
12. C. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG 1. BÀI TẬP TỰ LUẬN 1.1. Lỗi sai về chính tả 1. Shamed by you English. 2. If it’s too loud, you’re to old. 3. It’s is my life. 4. This is Jent’s toilet. 5. Quite please. Exams in progress. 6. Illegally parked cars will be fine. 7. Handel is broken. 8. Sweat tea. 9. No regerts. 10. We are committed to excellense. 1.2. Lỗi sai về ngữ pháp 1.2.1. Lỗi sai về sự hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ 1.2.1.1. Bài tập 1 1. Jane want a new dress and a pair of shoes. 2. John along with twenty friends are celebrating a party tonight. 3. The picture of the soldiers bring back many memories. 4. The quality of these recordings are not very good. 5. If the duties of these officers isn’t reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the project. 6. The effects of cigarette smoking has been proven to be extremely harmful. 7. The use of credit cards in place of cash have increased rapidly in recent years. 8. Advertisements on TV is becoming more competitive than ever before. 9. Mr.John, along with several members of the committee, have proposed some changes in the rules. 10. The levels of intoxication varies from subject to subject. 1.2.1.2. Bài tập 2 1. Neither Bill nor Mary and Jane is going to the party tonight. 2. Anything are better than going to the movies tonight. 3. Skating are becoming more and more popular. 4. A number of reporters was at the conference yesterday. 5. Everybody having a fever go home immediately. 6. Your glasses was on the table last night. 7. Five billion dollars bring that guy to wealth and debauchery. 8. A pair of jeans were still in the washing machine this morning. 9. Each student have just answered the first question. 10. Either John or Mary make breakfast every morning. 12
13. 1.2.1.3. Bài tập 3 1. After she had pursued the materials, the secretary decided that everything were in order. 2. The people at the basketball station was very crazy of excitement last night. 3. The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter are appalling. 4. There has been too many interruptions in this class. 5. Peter or his friends wants to take a bath in this river. 6. The police has arrested the thief. 7. Physics are less difficult than chemistry. 8. Every Elementary School teacher have to take a training course. 9. Neither Jill nor her parents has seen this film before. 10. What time are the news on TV? 1.2.2. Lỗi sai về thì của động từ, việc kết hợp sử dụng các thì 1.2.2.1. Bài tập 1 1. He has left for London one year ago. 2. She lived in Bac Giang for twenty years. 3. I go to the market with my mother yesterday. 4. What do you think about, Nam? – I’m thinking of my mother. 5. I usually went to school by bus. 6. Yesterday morning I had got up at 6.30. 7. Please don’t make so much noise. I study my old lesson now. 8. Water is boiling at 100 degrees Celsius. 9. This house costs 35,000 pounds in 1980. 10. While Tom was playing tennis, Ann took a shower. 1.2.2.2. Bài tập 2 1. When they worked in the garden, the phone rang. 2. After they had their breakfast, they went shopping yesterday. 3. They had had tea when the doorbell rang. 4. Father was smoking his pipe while mother read a magazine. 5. When I came into the office, my boss waited for me. 6. When I saw Brian, he drove a taxi. 7. When he arrived, we are having dinner. 8. He lived in the same house since 1975. 9. We haven’t seen him since he gets married. 10. We didn’t decide what to do with the money yet. 1.2.2.3. Bài tập 3 1. My father worked as a teacher for thirty years. 2. He had been to New York three times this year. 3. I don’t know how to dance when I was six years old. 4. Nam is a careful driver but yesterday he drives carelessly. 13
14. 5. I had met her at the school gate yesterday. 6. They got to know each other for more than ten years. 7. I have watched the film with my friends last week. 8. He is getting up at five every morning. 9. He taught English in this school before he left for England. 10. She has won the gold medal in 1986. 1.2.3. Lỗi sai về việc sử dụng từ loại 1.2.3.1. Bài tập 1 1. Unemployed is a serious problem in many countries. 2. They couldn’t understand his refuse. 3. The invent of the computer has changed the way people exchange and process information. 4. In the past we used to have oil lamps, but now we all use electricity lights. 5. Many strange diseases have development in the last few decades. 6. A newspaper which is published every day is called a day newspaper. 7. Iron is an essential chemistry element in human body. 8. Deforestation leads to the extinct of many species. 9. The water is pollution. You can’t drink it. 10. In Britain the people who are out of work get unemployed benefit. 1.2.3.2. Bài tập 2 1. John drives very careful. He’s never had any accidents. 2. We’ve decided to interview only six application for the job. 3. Gases from factories are extremely harm. 4. What is the possible of the weather getting better before the weekend? 5. Together with smoking and drinking, inactive is also one of the causes of ill health. 6. English is the most wide used language in the world. 7. Vietnam has got consideration borrowings from Chinese. 8. She spent sleep nights worrying about her father. 9. All of my students appreciate the important of English learning. 10. The attractive of the moon for the earth causes the tides. 1.2.3.3. Bài tập 3 1. Tom didn’t pass the exam the first time because of his careless. 2. It is likely that he will success in his new job. 3. In my opinion, the German are more economy than the English. 4. Life in the countryside is very peacefully, isn’t it? 5. Viet is only a first – year student but he enjoys doing scientifically researches. 6. That book is boredom, so I don't want to read it. 7. Some species of rare animals are in dangerous of extinction. 8. Two thousand years ago the Britain Isles were inhabited by speakers of Celtic language. 9. English is now an effect medium of international communication. 14
15. 10. What would happened if the water resources were contamination. 1.2.4. Lỗi sai về việc dùng giới từ/ cụm động từ 1.2.4.1. Bài tập 1 1. Don’t you get tired by watching TV every night? 2. Don’t be afraid in the dog. He’s quite harmless. 3. I am fond with gardening and growing a wide variety of flowers. 4. Mary is interested of gardening. She can work in the garden for hours. 5. She did all the work by her own. 6. Have you seen Peter lately? I’ve been looking up him this week. 7. She has learnt English for 3 years, and she is good in English now. 8. The students are bored in learning the same subjects. 9. How are you? I haven’t seen you since ages. 10. Our holiday was ruined at the bad weather. 1.2.4.2. Bài tập 2 1. On a summer Sunday, most of the roads are crowded at cars. 2. He left school on the age of 18. 3. I’m going on holiday on the end of this month. 4. They haven’t found in any efficient medicine for SARS. 5. If I were 5 years younger, I would apply into that job. 6. Finally, they succeeded with finding a cure for that strange disease. 7. The doctor said she needed to be in a diet. 8. Mai and Minh decided to go in a walk. 9. I’m grateful at you for your kindness. 10. She was able to carry on all the tasks assigned to her. 1.2.4.3. Bài tập 3 1. We might have a picnic. It depends at the weather. 2. Thank you. It was very kind to you to help me. 3. She always takes good care with her children. 4. Washington State is famous with its apples. 5. Thank you very much about what you have done for me. 6. Do you belong for any clubs or organizations? 7. She is very kind of everyone. 8. I haven’t heard from Mai for ages. I’m a bit worried for her. 9. Ed depends for his family for financial support. 10 I prefer coffee than tea. 1.2.5. Lỗi sai về các chủ đề ngữ pháp khác như: câu bị động, câu trực tiếp gián tiếp, câu so sánh, đại từ quan hệ, mạo từ, 1.2.5.1. Bài tập 1 1. More people are infecting with HIV this year than they were 5 years ago. 15
16. 2. The meeting was be rearranged shortly before it had been due to take place. 3. Every possible effort were made by the orphanage to find the boy’s parents. 4. Cheques should only be accept with proof of identity. 5. Dent station is situated on the Seattle to Carlisle railway line, said be the most scenic in the country. 6. The last day of the holiday will ended in disaster. 7. Do not blame me if the tin-opener is break. 8. This class has canceled because too few students had registered before registration closed. 9. This building will have finished by the end of 2030. 10. Hamlet was wrote by William Shakespeare. 1.2.5.2. Bài tập 2 1. Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week? 2. John said he will invite some of his friends for dinner so Mary had to buy more food and drink. 3. The secretary said me that I would receive the letter from him. 4. I’d like to go on a holiday, but I haven’t got many money. 5. We visited Canada and United States two years ago. 6. The teacher said that Peter had made much mistakes in his essays. 7. People respected him because he was a honest man. 8. I was amazed that Smith showed so few grief at his mother’s death. 9. How much times did Rich and Jennifer have to do the experiment? 10. They said that they had a lift but very often it doesn’t work. 1.2.5.3. Bài tập 3 1. He said that he will be there again the next day. 2. Tom said that he had seen John the day before but John didn’t see him. 3. My mother asked me how many classes were there in my school. 4. Philippe asked Oliver whether he can remember where he had put the camera. 5. Richard feels good than several days ago. 6. I found the conversation a most interesting and I was glad to practice my English. 7. The Caspian Sea, a salt lake, is the largest than any other lakes in the world. 8. Almost everyone has heard the more famous Olympic saying: “Stronger, Higher, Faster.” 9. Louise is the more capable of the three girls who have tried out for the part in the play. 10. They said that they went to the supermarket before coming home. 1.2.6. Lỗi sai về dạng thức của động từ: V-ing, to V, V(inf) 1.2.6.1. Bài tập 1 1. After reading this article, you will give up to smoke. 2. We haven’t got anything tell you. 3. My father wants me working harder. 4. She told me to not forget to go to the bank. 5. I can’t stand to travel on the underground when it is busy. 6. Every day I spend two hours practice English. 16
17. 7. It is raining hard. We had better to saty at home tonight. 8. Human beings must stop to pollute the environment. 9. Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped drinking coffee. 10. He used to watching television every night. 1.2.6.2. Bài tập 2 1. To learning a foreign language requires great effort. 2. I hoped you don’t mind be asked to come tonight. 3. I can’t help feeling sorry for her. She seem being such a nice girl. 4. I enjoy China, but I would like go to Thailand. 5. She went to the market without to buy anything. 6. She has avoided to talk to me so far. 7. He is expecting making a trip to Ha Long Bay. 8. Students stopped to make noise when the teacher came in. 9. She couldn’t bear to shed tears when she saw the film “Romeo and Juliet”. 10. I enjoy to listen to classical music. 1.2.6.3. Bài tập 3 1. I really regret to hurt your feelings when I asked you such a silly question. 2. He’ll try not making the same mistake again. 3. Would you mind to buy me a newspaper? 4. Would you like having the next dance with me? 5. Did you remember phoning Ann? – Oh, no. I completely forgot it. 6. Does the city government intend doing anything about pollution? 7. Those shirts need to iron but you needn’t iron them now. 8. They finished learning and then they wanted going out for pleasure. 9. When you see Tom, remember giving him my regards. 10. They postpone to build an Element School for the lack of finance. 1.2.7. Lỗi sai về cấu trúc song song 1. The doctor advised doing exercise, drinking milk, and not to moke. 2. The first important requirements for you to become a mountain climber are your strong passion and you have good health. 3. A smile can be observed, described, and reliably identify; it can also be elicited and manipulated under experimental conditions. 4. Helen likes to listen to music, to go to the cinema, to chat on the phone and going shopping. 5. The abilities to work hard, follow directions, and thinking independently are some of the criteria for success in the workplace. 6. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to the overall impression of a room. 7. All of the students in this course will be assessed according to their attendance, performance, and they work hard. 17
18. 8. In the nineteenth century, women used quilts to inscribe their responses to social, economic, and politics issues. 9. All nations may have to make fundamental changes in their economic, political, and technology institutions if they are to preserve environment. 10. The Oxford English Dictionary is well known for including many different meanings of words and to give real examples. 11. Dr. Roberts, the first woman to be elected president of the university, is intelligent, capable and awareness of the problem to be solved. 12. There are more than eighty-four million specimens in the National Museum of Natural History’s collection of biological, geological archeological and anthropology treasures. 1.2.8. Lỗi sai về việc sử dụng các cấu trúc câu khác: so that, such that, too , enough , hardy when, no sooner than 1. The woman was too old that she could not run. 2. Faraday’s father was so poor to send him to school. 3. He had smoked so a lot of cigarettes that he died of cancer. 4. We have heard such much news about recent developments in computer technology. 5. The novel was such interesting that I read it from the beginning to the end in 4 hours. 6. There were too many books on the shelves that I didn’t know which one to choose. 7. It is enough noisy in this room, so I would rather you stop shouting like that. 8. Not until I was on my way to the airport that I realized I had left my passport at home. 9. Hardly had he entered the room than all the lights went out. 10. No sooner had he entered he room when all the lights went out. 2. BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM 2.1. Lỗi sai về sự hoà hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ 2.1.1. Bài tập 1 1. The study of languages are very interesting. A B C D 2. Today the number of people enjoying winter sports are almost double that of twenty years ago. A B C D 3. Every student in my class are good at English. A B C D 4. Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems in our large, industrial cities today. A B C D 5. Drug abuse have become one of America’s most serious social problems. A B C D 6. The threat of being dismissed do not worry me any more because I have started my own business. A B C D 7. Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the festivities. A B C D 8. If either of you take a vacation, we will not be able to finish the work. A B C D 9. Neither John nor his friends is going to the beach today. A B C D 18
19. 10. Mary and her friends is going to a party tonight. A B C D 2.1.2. Bài tập 2 1. Mary as well as her friends are going to a party tonight. A B C D 2. Neither of his pens are able to be used. A B C D 3. A number of students is going to the class picnic. A B C D 4. Everybody want to buy a ticket for this live show. A B C D 5. The boys winning the first prize in the contest was very happy. A B C D 6. One of my best friends were playing against me last month. A B C D 7. Physics study mechanics, heat, light, sound and electricity. A B C D 8. No news are good news. A B C D 9. Each of students in this class have studied English for six years. A B C D 10. Mary with her parents like classical music. A B C D 2.1.3. Bài tập 3 1. The number of schoolboys in my class are twenty. A B C D 2. The secretary and the accountant of the company hasn’t come yet. A B C D 3. So far everything have been all right. A B C D 4. Twenty five dollars seem too much to pay for this book. A B C D 5. Many teachers and students was at the lecture last night. A B C D 6. To my opinion, living in happiness for ten years haven’t been a long time. A B C D 7. His silence mean that he agrees with us. A B C D 8. Their news come to us once a year. A B C D 9. The police has made many enquires about the murder up till now. A B C D 10. All the equipment in this laboratory were imported from Japan last year. A B C D 2.2. Lỗi sai về thì của động từ, việc kết hợp sử dụng các thì 2.2.1. Bài tập 1 1. I have been in Mexico during the summer of 1970 A B C D 2. You should visit that part of the country when it will be spring. A B C D 19
20. 3. My brother has to walk ten miles to buy some gas last weekend. A B C D 4. By the time Joan arrived , they have been eating all of food. A B C D 5. After she had bought herself a new motorcycle, she had sold her bicycle. A B C D 6. When I was only a child, my father teaches me how to play soccer. A B C D 7. She didn’t know where most of the people in the room are from A B C D 8. It is impossible to believe that somebody actually admired that man. A B C D 9. Steve wakes up early every morning because he went to work early. A B C D 10. Florida has become the twenty seventh state in the U.S on March 3rd , 1845. A B C D 2.2.2. Bài tập 2 1. My sister had been married three times. A B C D 2. After George had returned to his house, he was reading a book. A B C D 3. The food that Mark is cooking in the kitchen is smelling delicious. A B C D 4. I was told that the train has left at exactly 5 p.m. A B C D 5. This car has been belonging to my cousin for 2 years. A B C D 6. There are four accidents in this corner this week. A B C D 7. I just saw boys from Africa that I met at the International House party. A B C D 8. Three years ago he had been a student at a university in Califonia. A B C D 9. As soon as Joan will get a good job, she is going to buy a flat. A B C D 10. The doctor had seen ten patients since eight o’clock this morning. A B C D 2.2.3. Bài tập 3 1. Will you buy me a wool jacket when you will be in Scotland? A B C D 2. It is the biggest building that I had ever seen A B C D 3. By 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon he finished his work. A B C D 4. There was a time when I used to swim five hours every day, but now I didn’t have enough time A B C D 5. We didn’t go out yesterday because it rains. A B C D 6. The children were playing outdoors last night when it begins to rain very hard. A B C D 20
21. 7. My brother doesn’t care how much the car cost because he is going to buy it anyway. A B C D 8. The film will end by the time we get there. A B C D 9. The police has been investigating the case for 2 weeks. A B C D 10. I have stayed here until he answers me. A B C D 2.3. Lỗi sai về việc sử dụng từ loại 2.3.1. Bài tập 1 1. I have been working lazy for two weeks. A B C D 2. He studied very hard, so he passed the exam easy. A B C D 3. Many species of wild animals would become extinction if people continued to cut down forests. A B C D 4. Some bacteria are extremely harmful, but others are regular used in producing foods A B C D 5. I think it’s importance for us to find solutions to our problem. A B C D 6. He answered those questions perfect because he was intelligent. A B C D 7. Heavy polluted factories will be closed down sooner or later. A B C D 8. The driver of the car was serious injured. A B C D 9. Bill is often late for class, which makes his teachers angrily. A B C D 10. I am surprising at how much he smokes. I’m not used to it. A B C D 2.3.2. Bài tập 2 1. He walked slowly because of his injuring legs. A B C D 2. Dogs that are trained to lead the blind must be loyalty, intelligent and calm. A B C D 3. Most of us were feeling sleepily at the meeting because the speaker had a very monotonous voice. A B C D 4. The more frequent you exercise, the greater physical endurance you will have. A B C D 5. Several people arrived too lateness to be admitted to the performance. A B C D 6. Smoking is a great harmful to our health. A B C D 7. English tends towards simplicity, which is its strong. A B C D 8. She is filling in the applicant form. A B C D 9. The old man has saved a lot of money for his retire. A B C D 21
22. 10. We had a boredom discussion about football. A B C D 2.3.3. Bài tập 3 1. Money doesn’t always bring happily. A B C D 2. His successful makes his parents happy. A B C D 3. It was surprised to see my old friends again after a long time. A B C D 4. Mary and her younger sister have many differently. A B C D 5. It is danger to drive without a driving license. A B C D 6. My brother has no interesting in football. A B C D 7. All of us think that she has a beauty voice. A B C D 8. My brother can play a lot of music instruments. A B C D 9. Halong is one of the most famous tourist attract in Vietnam. A B C D 10. This is a good place for fashion designers to show their last creative. A B C D 2.4. Lỗi sai về việc dùng giới từ/ cụm động từ 2.4.1. Bài tập 1 1. Tom likes taking part sports, so he will join the football team of his school. A B C D 2. People consider it rude to point about anyone. A B C D 3. You have to study hard to keep pace in your classmates. A B C D 4. John's mother thought that chocolates were bad to him. A B C D 5. She is tired with doing the same thing everyday. A B C D 6. Instead of calling off the meeting, maybe we can just put it over until next month. A B C D 7. In the end of the party, Mary found herself washing the dishes alone again, as usual. A B C D 8. The children were frightened with the noise. A B C D 9. There is a severe famine in Somalia, and thousands of people are dying from hunger. A B C D 10. If you need to keep fit, then why not take on a sport such as badminton or tennis? A B C D 2.4.2. Bài tập 2 1. Tom succeeded on persuading his boss to buy a computer. A B C D 2. They are now in Paris. They will leave to London next week. A B C D 3. You can get there by bus or by foot. A B C D 22
23. 4. Don't forget to congratulate him for his birthday. A B C D 5. Jenny is on work now. A B C D 6. Tracy waited on the bus station for an hour. A B C D 7. You should spend your money in something worthwhile. A B C D 8. Nowadays many people are aware at danger of smoking. A B C D 9. He always prevents me against doing my duty. A B C D 10. Water consists with oxygen and hydrogen. A B C D 2.4.3. Bài tập 3 1. Who will look for the children while you go out to work? A B C D 2. Please turn off the light, it’s getting dark here. A B C D 3. Remember to take on your shoes when you are in a Japanese house. A B C D 4. You can look for the new words in the dictionary. A B C D 5. If you want to be healthy, you should give off your bad habits in your lifestyles. A B C D 6. Never put down until tomorrow what you can do today. A B C D 7. My father still hasn’t really recovered for the death of my mother. A B C D 8. The bomb went out with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town. A B C D 9. John, could you look for my handbag while I go out for a minute? A B C D 10. Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get on well at his boss. A B C D 2.5. Lỗi sai về các chủ đề ngữ pháp khác như: câu bị động, câu trực tiếp gián tiếp, câu so sánh, đại từ quan hệ, mạo từ, 2.5.1. Bài tập 1 1. Today the number of people whom enjoy winter sports is almost double that of twenty years ago. A B C D 2. The boy which was given the first prize in the contest was very happy. A B C D 3. Peter said that it was the boy which had stolen his suitcase. A B C D 4. Nguyen Du, that wrote "Kieu Story", was a great Vietnamese poet. A B C D 5. There's the woman who she sold me the handbag. A B C D 23
24. 6. The company did not want to hire the man that experience was so limited. A B C D 7. There are also many single mothers and single fathers which are raising children by themselves. A B C D 8. I thanked the woman whom had helped me. A B C D 9. Do you like the building that windows are green? A B C D 10. The man was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital. A B C D 2.5.2. Bài tập 2 1. Is this the book you are looking for it? A B C D 2. This is the picture of the town where we visited last summer. A B C D 3. The story to that I listened yesterday was interesting A B C D 4. Peter, that works at the university, is my friend. A B C D 5. He told us about the hotel that he had stayed the previous summer. A B C D 6. The weather is more hot than it was yesterday. A B C D 7. His health gets good and better because he does gymnastics regularly. A B C D 8. If I had enough money, I would have travelled around the world. A B C D 9. The older you are, the worst your memory is. A B C D 10. The early we leave, the sooner we will arrive. A B C D 2.5.3. Bài tập 3 1. The more I got to know them, the fewer I liked them. A B C D 2. Of the two sisters, Linda is the most beautiful. A B C D 3. He finished the test more rapidly of all in his class. A B C D 4. Jane is not more intelligent as her brother. A B C D 5. If it would be convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight. A B C D 6. When he arrived at the furniture shop, they had been sold the table he wanted. A B C D 7. The first May Day is celebrated in England in 1890. A B C D 8. Most of them were build in the nineteenth century but some are very grand. A B C D 9. Many university, school classes taught in English even though the native language is not English. A B C D 24
25. 10. Two prisoners were hang this morning by Talibans. A B C D 2.6. Lỗi sai về dạng thức của động từ: V-ing, to V, V(inf) 2.6.1. Bài tập 1 1. Would you mind to check the figures again? A B C D 2. When there are low sales, companies often decide developing new products. A B C D 3. To reduce pollution, we have to stop to use many things that make our environment contaminated. A B C D 4. We shall have a doctor to examine our lovely baby tomorrow. A B C D 5. I couldn’t help cried when I watched that film. A B C D 6. He liked collecting stamps but he didn’t like buy them. A B C D 7. It is very difficult for human beings fighting pollution. A B C D 8. Jill didn't repair the roof by herself. She had it repairing. A B C D 9. Let’s taking a walk .Walking is good for our health. A B C D 10. There's something wrong with my computer. It may need to repair. A B C D 2.6.2. Bài tập 2 1. I think she is accustomed to teach English at a private school. A B C D 2. A laser vaporises the bone without touch any of the surrounding tissue. A B C D 3. I noticed the boy to creep into the house through a hole at the foot of the wall. A B C D 4. The farmers need rotating their crops. The rotation of crops can prevent soil exhaustion. A B C D 5. Have they planned on invest money in that project? A B C D 6. Remember locking all the doors before you leave A B C D 7. The doctor has repeatedly advised him to stop to smoke if he hopes to stay in good health. A B C D 8. Let’s go out for a drink. I suggest staying at home and watch television. A B C D 9. I always make the children to pick up their toys. A B C D 10. I don’t know why he always avoids to meet me. A B C D 2.6.3. Bài tập 3 1. She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help laugh. A B C D 25
26. 2. We decided going because of the bad weather. A B C D 3. They had a boy to do that yesterday. A B C D 4. He made me to do it all over again. A B C D 5. I’ll get Peter do this for you. A B C D 6. That is far too heavy for one person carry, let me help you. A B C D 7. I was afraid to pick up the revolver as I don't know how handle firearms. A B C D 8. I saw the plane to crash into the hill and burst into flames. A B C D 9. Sometimes students avoid to look at the teacher if they don’t want to answer a question. A B C D 10. You should try wear any shirts you want to buy. A B C D 2.7. Lỗi sai về cấu trúc song song 1. The puppy stood up slowly, wagged its tail, blinking its eyes, and barked. A B C D 2. Ecologists are trying to preserve our environment for future generations by protecting the ozone A B C layer, purifying the air, and have planted the trees that have been cut down. D 3. The chief of police demanded from his assistants an orderly investigation, a well-written report, and A B C that they work hard. D 4. Marcia is a scholar, an athlete, and artistic. A B C D 5. Slowly and with care, the museum director removed the Ming vase from the shelf and placed it on A B C the display pedestal. D 6. The farmer plows the fields, plants the seeds and will harvest the crop. A B C D 7. Abraham Lincoln was a good president and was self-educated, hard working and always told the A B C D truth. 8. Children love playing in the mud, running through puddles and they get very dirty. A B C D 9. Collecting stamps, playing chess and to mount beautiful butterflies are derrick’s hobbies. A B C D 10. Despite America’s affluence, many people are without jobs, on welfare, and have a lot of debts. A B C D 2.8. Lỗi sai về việc sử dụng các cấu trúc câu đặc biệt: so that, such that, too , enough , hardy when, no sooner than 1. Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. A B C D 2. It was suggested that he studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam. A B C D 26
27. 3. This table is not enough strong to support a fridge, and that one probably isn’t, either. A B C D 4. No sooner had he entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. A B C D 5. Daisy has such many things to do that she has no time to go out. A B C D 6. Today was such beautiful day that I couldn't bring myself to complete all my chores. A B C D 7. I can't get used to doing so difficult exercises. A B B D 8. I know you are busy too to stay, but I look forward to seeing you again. A B C D 9. These Japanese cars are all too expensive for we to buy at this time. A B C D 10. It was advisable that he reads the material more carefully before trying to pass the exam. A B C D 2.9. Bài tập bổ sung thêm 2.9.1. Bài tập 1 1. The earth is the only planet with a large number of oxygen in its atmosphere. A B C D 2. Venus approaches the Earth more closely than any other planet is. A B C D 3. Robert Frost is not well known as a poet until he reached the forties. A B C D 4. The amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in the air almost always remain stable, but the amount of A B C water vapor vary considerably. D 5. The American frontiersman, politician, and soldier Davy Crockett is one of the most popular of A B C American hero. D 6. A five-thousand-dollars reward was offered for the capture of the escaped criminals. A B C D 7. A desert area that has been without water for six years will still bloom when rain will rain. A B C D 8. The word “shore” can be used rather of “coast” to mean the land bodering the sea. A B C D 9. Alfafia is a nutrious crop rich in proteins, minerals, and with vitamins. A B C D 10. The deadbolt is the best lock for entry doors because it is not only inexpensive but installation is A B C easy. D 2.9.2. Bài tập 2 1. Average family size has increased from the Victorian era. A B C D 2. They prefer to stay in their home country because family ties. A B C D 27
28. 3. In 1892, the first long-distance telephone line between Chicago and New York was formally A B C D opening. 4. Dietitians urge people to eat a banana a day to get potassium enough in their diet. A B C D 5. Woody Guthrie has written thousands of songs during her lifetime, many of which became classic A B B D folk songs. 6. The development of transistors made possible it to reduce the size of many electronic devices. A B C D 7. My father is a good family man, completely devoted for his wife and kids. A B C D 8. The bus was plenty of people who had spent many a happy hour in the stores doing their Christmas A B C D shopping. 9. Weather and geography conditions may determine the type of transportation used in a region. A B C D 10. When you talk to the old man, please remember to speak out as he’s hard of hearing. A B C D 2.9.3. Bài tập 3 1. She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down. A B C D 2. Doctors have always recommended that a person with a cold must drink fluids, such as juice or A B C water to prevent the loss of water in his/ her body. D 3. Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated. A B C D 4. We felt asleep at the meeting because the speaker had such a monotonous voice. A B C D 5. One-cent coins issued in the United States in 1982 was 96 percent zinc. A B C D 6. It is important that you turned off the heater every morning before you leave for class. A B C D 7. The children had such difficult time when they began school in their new neighbourhood that their A B parents decided never to move again. C D 8. Those who had already purchased tickets were instructed to go to gate first immediately. A B C D 9. The lion has long been a symbol of strength, power, and it is very cruel. A B C D 10. Nobody had known before the presentation that Sue and her sister will receive the awards for A B C D outstanding scholarships. 28
29. 2.9.4. Bài tập 4 1. During the Middle Ages, handwriting notices kept groups of nobles informed of important events. A B C D 2. Tenant farmers are those they either rent a farm and work it for themselves or work the farm for the A B C owner and receive payment. D 3. Slightly over half of the population of El Paso, Texas, says both English and Spanish. A B C D 4. American manufactures depend on ocean shipping for most of trade with other countries. A B C D 5. Approximately one-third of all persons involved in adult education programs in 1970 were enrolled A B C in occupational education course. D 6. Natural adhesives are primarily of animals or vegetable origin. A B C D 7. Life insurance, before available only to young, healthy persons, can now be obtained for old people A B C D and even for pets. 8. It is estimated that a scientific principle has a life expectancy of approximately a decade before it A B C drastically revised or replaced by newer information. D 9. A largely percentage of Canadian export business is with the United States. A B C D 10. Some studies show that young babies prefer the smell of milk to those of other liquids. A B C D 2.9.5. Bài tập 5 1. I’d like to see him in my office the moment he will arrive. A B C D 2. Each of the beautiful cars in the shop was quickly sold to their owner. A B C D 3. It was a six-hours journey; we were completely exhausted when we arrived. A B C D 4. Professor Jones said that a good way to improve your language are learning to practise it A B C D frequently. 5. Being that he was a good swimmer, John managed to rescue the child. A B C D 6. Many people have found the monotonous buzzing of the vuvuzela in the 2010-World-Cup matches A B C so annoyed. D 7. The team leader demanded from his team members a serious attitude towards work, good team A B C spirit, and that they work hard. D 29
30. 8. In my judgment, I think Hem is the best physicist among the scientists of the SEA region. A B C D 9. After analyzing the steep rise in profits according to your report, it was convinced that your A B C analyses were correct. D 10. The woman of whom the red car is parked in front of the bank is a famous pop star. A B C D 2.9.6. Bài tập 6 1. Even though the extremely bad weather in the mountains, the climbers decided not to cancel their A B C climb. D 2.The media have produced live covering of Michael Jackson’s fans around the world mourning for A B C D him. 3. Found in the 12th century, Oxford University ranks among the world’s oldest universities. A B C D 4. Although smokers are aware that smoking is harmful to their health, they can’t get rid it. A B C D 5. Bill was about average in performance in comparison with other students in his class. A B C D 6. The original World Cup trophy was given permanent to Brazil to honour that country’s record third A B C world cup title in Mexico in 1970. D 7. In very early times, people around the fire were entertained by storytellers with stories of heroes’ A B C wonderful actions and victory. D 8. When I got home, Irene was lying in bed thinking about what a wonderful time she’s had. A B C D 9. Shortly before the Allied invasion of Normandy, Ernest Hemingway has gone to London as a war A B C D correspondent for Colliers. 10. It is time the government helped the unemployment to find some jobs. A B C D 2.9.7. Bài tập 7 1. Nora hardly never misses an opportunity to play in the tennis tournaments. A B C D 2. My mother doesn’t care how much does the washing machine cost because she is going to buy it A B C D anyway. 3. Due of the government’s policy, some farming areas have been abandoned. A B C D 4. The British national anthem, calling “God Save the Queen”, was a traditional song in the 18th A B B D century. 30
31. 5. Helen likes to listen to music, to go to the cinema, to chat on the phone and going shopping. A B C D 6. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are explaining the children the rules of the game. A B C D 7. You can enjoy a sport without joining in a club or belonging to a team. A B C D 8. Unlike many writings of her time, she was not preoccupied with morality. A B C D 9. A child of noble birth, his name was famous among the children in that school. A B C D 10. Folk artists have few or no formal art training. A B C D 2.9.8. Bài tập 8 1. Higher education is very importance to nationnal economies, and it is also a source of trained and A B educated personnel for the whole country. C D 2. We are working, that means that we are contributing goods and services to our society. A B C D 3. Reading can not make your life longer, but reading really makes your life more thicker. A B C D 4. One of the best ways to encourage your children to read are to provide interesting titles for them to A B C D enjoy. 5. When he was young, he used to drinking a lot. A B C D 6. Most greetings cards are folding and have a picture on the front and a message inside. A B C D 7. Aloha is a Hawaiian word meaning ‘love’, that can be used to say hello or goodbye. A B C D 8. The Oxford English Dictionary is well known for including many different meanings of words and A B C to give real examples. D 9. When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men A B C and women equally the same. D 10. It was disappointing that almost of the guests left the wedding too early. A B C D 2.9.9. Bài tập 9 1. The root of the trees allow the water to go into the soil, that gradually releases it to flow down A B C D rivers. 2. I get quite depressed when I think about the damage we are making to the environment. A B C D 3. Alike oxygen, which is chemically changed by our bodies into carbon dioxide, nitrogen is merely A B C 31
32. exhaled back into the air. D 4. I think she will be suitable for the work because she has been working like a teacher for a long time. A B C D 5. Passengers are required to arrive to the gate fifteen minutes before departure time. A B C D 6. Please remain in your assign seats until the instructor dismisses the class. A B C D 7. Employees who haven't seen the new regulations often ask for unnecessary questions; instead they A B C should ask for a copy of the regulations and read them. D 8. Even you are unsure of the standard procedures in any situation, please don't hesitate to consult with A B C D your supervising manager. 9. We have always believed that honesty is best policy in personal as well as professional matters. A B C D 10. The nutritionist told him to avoid eating lots of carbohydrates, focus having more protein-rich A B C foods and green vegetables, and drink at least eight glasses of water a day. D 2.9.10. Bài tập 10 1. Monrovian conducted the orchestra gracefully and with style to the delight of his appreciative A B C D audience. 2. Students should be encouraged to discuss critically about the information that they are given. A B C D 3. The package containing books and records were delivered last week. A B C D 4. Psychological experiment indicate that people remember more math problems that they can’t solve A B than those they are able to solve. C D 5. Studying the science of logic is one way to cultivate one’s reason skills. A B C D 6. The reason he wants to take a leaving of absence is that he needs a complete rest. A B C D 7. His boss has asked him to respond immediately this fax. A B C D 8. It is the writing English that causes difficulties to foreigners. A B C D 9. The diameter of the Sun is more greater than that of the Earth. A B C D 10. Foreign students who are doing a decision about which school to attend may not know exactly A B C where the choices are located. D 32
33. 2.9.11. Bài tập 11 1. Wealthy people have always desired and wear precious stones because their beauty is lasting. A B C D 2. The tongue is the principle organ of taste, and is crucial for chewing, swallowed, and speaking. A B C D 3. Some conifers, that is, tree that have cones, are able to thrive on poor, thin soil. A B C D 4. Rice, which it still forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows best in hot, wet A B C D land. 5. You should know by now that I cannot stand it when my steak is not cooked properly as I always A B C have mine well-made. D 6. Lack of animal protein in the human diet is a serious cause of the malnutrion. A B C D 7. Neither of the scout leaders know how to trap wild animals or how to prepare them for mounting. A B C D 8. I didn’t mean offending her, but she took my comments a miss and now will not talk to me. A B C D 9. Although pure diamond is colorless and transparent, when contaminated with other minerals it may A B C appear in various color, ranging from pastel to opaque black. D 10. Animals and man use the energy finding in food to operate their body and muscles. A B C D 2.9.12. Bài tập 12 1. Marta being chosen as the most outstanding student of her campus made her parents very happy. A B C D 2. Some jellyfish make daily journeys from deep water to the surface and back, while others migrate A B C horizontal. D 3. Cosmic distance is measured on light-years. A B C D 4. The federal government recommends that all expectant women will not only refrain from smoking A B C but also avoid places where other people smoke. D 5. It took the mayor over an hour explanation to the other members of the board why he had missed A B C D the last meeting. 6. If the project is finished on time, the federal government won't award the company further A B C D contracts. 7. Did they tell you that has in our town an excellent beach less than a mile from the campus? A B C D 33
34. 8. The coal is the world's most abundant fossil fuel. A B C D 9. In the stock market, the fluctuations in Standard and Poor's 500 Index does not always conform to A B C D Dow Jones Averages. 10.Hardly he had entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his wallet. A B C D 2.9.13. Bài tập 13 1. Mrs. Stevens, along with her cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the festivities. A B C D 2. Modern transportation can speed a doctor to the side of a sick person, even if the patient lives on an A B C isolating farm. D 3. Regarding as one of the leading figures in the development of the short story, O. Henry is the author A B C of many well - known American favorites. D 4. The better you are at English, more chance you have to get a job with international organizations. A B C D 5. When her dog died, she cried very hardly for half an hour. A B C D 6. The Americans are much more concerned than the Chinese with physical attractive when choosing A B C D a wife or a husband. 7. Fannie Farmer, an educator and cooking expert, she wrote the first distinctively American A B C D cookbook. 8. A large number of Indian men agrees that it is unwise to confide in their wives. A B C D 9. The black walnut tree is grown principally for its lumber, which is used for cabinets and furnitures. A B C D 10. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, is considering a basic part of A B C the education of every child. D 2.9.14. Bài tập 14 1. While the teacher was explaining the sum on the blackboard, the children threw paper aeroplanes A B C around the classroom. D 2. Small town newspapers often urge readers to make business with local merchants. A B C D 3. During a depression, economic conditions are far worst than they are during a recession. A B C D 4. Some people enjoy preparing their own meals while another would rather eat out regularly. A B C D 34
35. 5. During first ten years of the space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 aftificial satellites A B C were rocketed into orbit around the Earth. D 6. This is the first time Janet has taken so difficult class, but she plans to complete it. A B C D 7. There are probably around 3,000 languages speaking in the world. A B C D 8. Political science, alike the other social sciences, is not an exact science. A B C D 9. About 8,000 years ago, people began using animals to carry themselves and their belongings. A B C D 10. It takes over four years for light from the nearest star reaching the earth. A B C D 2.9.15. Bài tập 15 1. It was the invent of the hand-held electronic calculator that provided the original technology for the A B C present generation of small but powerful computers. D 2. Alike other forms of energy, natural gas may be used to heat homes, cook food, and even run A B C D automobiles. 3. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects us. A B C D 4. Queen Elizabeth prefers have her jewels left in their original setting. A B C D 5. Of the two sisters, Linda is beautiful. A B C D 6. The doctor will be giving you a lot of information; if you have questions about them, let us know. A B C D 7. Some members of the committee were opposed to use the club members’ money to redecorate the A B C meeting hall. D 8. The report that Mark wrote on the mating behavior of the bees in this area was definitely better A B C than Bob. D 9. Our supervisor finally noticed that it was we, Caroline and me, who always turned in our reports on A B C D time. 10. In order for conservation the mineral, we must cut waste and recycle the metal in discarded A B C D products. 2.9.16. Bài tập 16 1. She is no longer young to enter a beautiful contest. A B C D 35
36. 2. Supposed that you failed your driving test, would you take it again? A B C D 3. I hadn’t understood his directions. However, I asked him to repeat what he’d said. A B C D 4. Although there were a lot of opposition initially, many people now accept that infertile couples A B C have the right to medical help. D 5. With the development of the Internet and the World Wide Web, businessmen do not hardly have as A B C much traveling as they used to. D 6. In order to do a profit, the new leisure centre needs at least 2000 visitors a month. A B C D 7. What I told her a few days ago were not the solutions to most of her problems. A B C D 8. Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation and generating electricity for the A B C surrounding area. D 9. Traditionally, the flag is risen in the morning and then taken down at night. A B C D 10. She asked why did Mathew look so embarrassed when he saw Carole. A B C D 2.9.17. Bài tập 17 1. The doctor’s records must be kept thorough and neatly, so as to insure good book- keeping. A B C D 2. Rabbits and hares look much like and are often mistaken for each other. A B C D 3. As every other nation, the United States used to define its unit of currency, the dollars, im terms of A B C D the gold standard. 4. In the United States among 60 percent of the space on the pages of newspapers is reserved for A B C advertising. D 5. Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fity million years have been found in large deposits of A B C amber near the Baltic Sea. D 6. Bone and ivory needles found at archaeological sites indicate that clothes have been sewn for some A A C 17,000 years ago. D 7. The sun seems to have been formed when the universe was already 10 billion year. A B C D 8. Though artist Tatun was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in another, he became an A B C D internationally renowned jazz musician. 36
37. 9. Some people think that the desire to wear sunglasses are more a need to impress than to protect the A B C D eyes. 10. The scientific method consists of forming hypotheses, collect data, and testing results. A C C D 2.9.18. Bài tập 18 1. Although there are approximately 120 intensive language institutes in the United States in 1970, A B C there are more than three times as many now. D 2. Cartographers did not make an accurate map because the political situation in the area changes so A B rapidly that they were not able to draw the boundaries correctly. C D 3. This year designers are showing very bright colors and styles that were worn closer to the body than A B C those shown last year. D 4. Everyone who saw Star Wars said that it is one of the best science fiction movies that had ever been A B C D released. 5. Before he retired last April, Mr. Thompson is working as foreign student advisor for thirty years at A B C D Community College. 6. The secretary thought that she will have to wait until tomorrow to send the letters because the mail A B had already gone, but her boss suggested that she take them to the post office instead. C D 7. Although Emily Dickinson publishes only three of her verses before she died, today there are more A B B than one thousand of her poems printed in many important collection. D 8. Between one thing and another, Anna does not get through with her term paper last Friday. A B C D 9. Dew usually disappeared by seven o'clock in the morning when the sun comes up. A B C D 10. She was among the few who want to quit smoking instead of cutting down. A B C D 2.9.19. Bài tập 19 1. Part of the sunlight that strikes the Earth is reflected into the sky, and a rest is absorbed by the A B C ground. D 2. It seemed as if I hadn’t scarcely done anything worthwhile with my time, for I failed three courses. A B C D 3. The office manager insists that his staff use all of their vacation time, but he hardly never takes a A B C D vacation himself. 37
38. 4. Together Rogers and Hammerstein wrote nine musicals, the first of whose was Oklahoma [1943]. A B C D 5. Electric streetlights have been first used in 1879 and soon replaced gas-burning lamps. A B C D 6. To become a skilled photograph, a person should have both manual dexterity and a good eye for A B C D detail. 7. For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars, which produce sound from the vibration of the A B C D strings. 8. For a long time cotton ranked first between Alabama’s crops, but today it accounts for only a A B D fraction of the agricultural production. D 9. The basic law of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are taught to all elementary A B C school students. D 10. Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are one of America’s national treasures. A B C D 2.9.20. Bài tập 20 1. On October 19, 1781, Cornwallis surrenders his army to General Washington, a gesture that A B C D signaled the end of the Revolutionary War. 2. The price of coffee is low last month, but everyone knows that it is going to go up this month. A B C D 3. In a special report last year, Dan Rather said that the crime rate is increasing in spite of community A B and government programs aimed at providing education and employment opportunities for first C D offenders. 4. Dr. Alvarez was displeased because the student had turned in an unacceptable report, so he made A B C him to rewrite it. D 5. The fruit and vegetables at the Shop Mart are always very fresh because they were shipped in every A B C day from the local farm markets. D 6. The maid does not finish cleaning the rooms at College Dormitory yesterday because she had to A B C help scrub the floors in the kitchen and the cafeteria. D 7. It is necessary to put a return address that included your name, street number, city, state, and zip A B C code on all correspondence. D 38
39. 8. If one does not have respect for himself, you cannot expect others to respect him. A B C D 9. The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election returns on television. A B C D 10. Those of us who belong to the National Association for Foreign Student Affairs should have their A B C memberships renewed in September. D 2.9.21. Bài tập 21 1. Seahorses spend much of their time clung with their tails to underwater plants. A B C D 2. A great aviation pioneer, Amelia Earhart was already famous when she sets out on her ill-fated A B C attempt to circle the globe in 1937. D 3. Most animals cannot recognize their reflection in a mirror themselves; they usually react as if A B C confronted by another member of their species. D 4. Parks which are found in downtown areas where office workers and store employees can enjoy their A B lunch hours sitting on the green grass in clean, fresh air. C D 5. The Earth travels at a high rate of speed around Sun. A B C D 6. All the blood in the body passes through the heart as least twice the minute. A B C D 7. In 1866 to 1833, the bison population in North America was reduced from an estimated 13 million A B C to a few hundred. D 8. Lunar eclipses happen only if the Moon is full, but they do not occur at an every full Moon. A B C D 9. The dentistry is a branch of medicine that has developed very dramatically in the last twenty years. A B B D 10. He was stopped each dozen yards by friends who wanted to congratulate him. A B C D 2.9.22. Bài tập 22 1. Ultraviolet rays are invisible to humans, and ants and honeybees are sensitive to them. A B C D 2. The world would look many different if human eyes were sensitive to infrared radiation. A B C D 3. For centuries the aromatic spices of the Far East has been in demand by the people of the East and A B C D West. 4. The biggest single hobby in America, the one that Americans spend most time, energy and money, A B C D is gardening. 39
40. 5. Because oak trees are highly resistant of storm damage, they usually live a long time. A B C D 6. In the early ninteenth century, some Europeans were very impressed by the increase of population, A B A territory, and wealth of the United States. D 7. After all, it was only the dinosaurs that have been disappeared, not the whole of animal life. A B C D 8. A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of one or more sentences related to the same idea. A B C D 9. Laminated safety glass is produced with combining alternate layers of flat glass and plastic. A B C D 10. In most states insurance agents must pass an examination to be licensed when they A B C will complete their training. D 2.9.23. Bài tập 23 1. In famous experiment conducted at the university of Chicago in 1983, rats kept from sleeping died A B after two and a half weeks. C D 2. One of the essential features of the modern skyscraper is being the evelator. A B C D 3. The Pulitzer Prize has became the most chrished and sought after annual award for quality works A B D in the field of journalism and literature. D 4. None two butterflies have exactly the same design on their wings. A B C D 5. Because early balloons were at the mercy of shifting winds, they are not considered a practical A B B means of transportation until the 1850s. D 6. The idea of a submarine is an old ancient one, dating from as early as the fifteenth century when A B C Drebbel and Da Vinci made preliminary drawings. D 7. More than 80 percent of labor at the construction site are temporary workers. A B C D 8. Astronomers do not know how many galaxies there are, but it is thought that there is millions or A B C perhaps billions. D 9. The Otis Elevator company is now the largest elevator company on earth, with its 66,000 A B C employees in 1,700 difference offices. 10. Through the years, scientists have developed smaller but increasingly more powerful batteries for A B C the growing number of portable electrical device. D 40
41. 2.9.24. Bài tập 24 1. With the ability destroy the earth with a stone no bigger than a shopping centre, asteroids pose a A B C D serious threat to our future. 2. Only the inner core of many tropical rainforest trees is hauled away by loggers, which they use it A B C D to make planks and chopsticks in Japan. 3. Compared with another spiders, tarantulas actually have very little poison, and some have no A B C poison at all. D 4. Fruit and vegetable juices are high in concentrated nutrients, which they are ideal for keeping your A B C immunity high and fighting off colds. D 5. In many cities, unless you travel late at night, or in the wee early hours of the morning, there are A B not means of avoiding a traffic jam. C D 6. Many silversmiths flocked to the bigger cities in America during the 1800s, which hey found a A B growing merchant class ready to buy their wares. C D 7. Too much exposure to UV radiation can cause a various of skin cancers and destroy tiny plants at A B C the beginning of the food chain. D 8. The reason automobiles travel on left side in Japan has little to do with Britain and a lot to do with A B C the way ancient soldiers used to carry their swords. D 9. Species like snakes, lizards, coyotes, squirrels, and jack rabbits seems to exist quite happily in the A B C D desert. 10. The guide told the tourists that it was a good restaurant specializing in seafood just round the A B C D corner from the museum. 2.9.25. Bài tập 25 1. Eli Whitney, born in Westborough, Massachusetts in 1765, was always interested in machines, A working in his father’s shop, taking apart a watch and putting them back together. B C D 2. A group of scientists in Germany found that beetles can accurately measure with its eyes the speed A B C of a moving background. D 41
42. 3. A laser is the only device which aim coherent light at an object in a safe and reliable way. A B C D 4. A great myth has arisen over the years that Columbus was unaware the earth was a circular, when A B in fact all navigators of the time knew it was. C D 5. After the civil war, a wave of new immigrants in the United States arrived, included Italy, Spain, A B C D Greece, Poland, Russia, and China. 6. The Nobel Prize for Physics is one of the six prizes awarded annually by the Nobel foundation for A B outstanding achievement in the field for Physics. C D 7. To reach a target of spending a billion dollars in a lifetime, a human being would have to spend A B C money at rate of more than 50,000 dollars per day. D 8. In electronical, echo is a reflective wave received by a radar or radio. A B C D 9. Although jogging is a good way to lose weight and improve one’s physical condition, most doctors A B recommend that the potential jogger begin in a correct manner by getting a complete checkup. C D 10. The Greek historian Herodotus reported that one hundred thousand men are employed for twenty A B years to build the Great Pyramid at Gizeh. C D 2.9.26. Bài tập 26 1. Vietnam exports a lot of rice is grown mainly in the south of the country. A B C D 2. To attract someone's attention we can use either verbal and non- verbal forms of communication. A B C D 3. My sister told me that she had met my teacher at the supermarket yesterday. A B C D 4. Heathrow is a very busy airport. You can always see aeroplanes landing and take off. A B C D 5. It is believed that in the near future robots will be used to doing things such as cooking. A B C D 6. My father used to giving me some good advice whenever I had a problem. A B C D 7. If there’s a more funnier person in the world than him, I don’t know who it will be. A B C D 8. Many a pop star find it difficult to avoid the interference of mass media in their life. A B C D 9. Publishing in the UK, the book has won a number of awards in recent regional book fairs. A B C D 10. A professor of economy and history at our university developed a new theory of the relationship A B between historical events and financial crises. C D 42
43. 2.9.27. Bài tập 27 1. Tenant farmers are those they either rent a farm and work it for themselves or work the farm for the A B C D owner and receive payment. 2. After writing it, the essay must be duplicated by the student himself and handed into the department A B C secretary before the end of the month. D 3. Professor Jones said that a good way to improve your language are learning to practise it. A B C D 4. Abraham Lincoln's boyhood home resembled that of many other mid-western pioneers with its dirt A B C floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace. D 5. We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have some questions on it on our test A B C D tomorrow. 6. Many people have found the monotonous buzzing of the vuvuzela in the 2010-World- Cup matches A B C so annoyed. D 7. The Concord could fly across the Atlantic without refueling and carrying 11 tons of freight. A B C D 8. People tend to make a lot of shopping at Xmas time. A B C D 9. Vietnam is famous for many beautiful spots like ha Long Bay, Sapa, and Da Lat. A B C D 10. Miss Mary sang very beautiful at my birthday party last night. A B C D 2.9.28. Bài tập 28 1. The twins have the same identical birthmarks on their backs. A B C D 2. You mustn’t used this machine after 5.30 p.m. A B C D 3. They have been living here since 20 years up to present A B C D 4. There are many different ways of comparing the economy of one nation with those of another. A B C D 5. Even on the most careful prepared trip, problems will sometimes develop. A B C D 6. Basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a basic part of the A B C education of every child. D 7. Dictionaries frequently explain the origin of the defined word, state its part of speech and indication its A B C D correct use. 8. Publishing in the U.K, the book has won a number of awards in the recent regional book fairs. A B C D 43
44. 9. My father is very busy with his business; therefore , he is always willing to give a hand with the A B C D housework. 10. In most of high schools in that region, children must wear a uniform as required by the city A B C D council. 2.9.29. Bài tập 29 1. Some ways to learn English is watching English channels, listening to English music and practicing A B C D with friends unproductive land, and rotating crops. 2. Although it rained heavily, but Mai went to school on time this morning. A B C D 3. It was advisable that he reads the material more carefully before trying to pass the exam. A B C D 4. Some methods to prevent soil erosion are plowing parallel with the slope of hills, to plant trees on A B C D unproductive land, and rotating crops. 5. Mai often arrives at the office at nine o’clock, but because the storm, she was late this morning. A B C D 6. This table is not sturdy enough to support a television, and that one probably isn’t, neither. A B C D 7. Animals that live in areas that are covered in snow in winter change the color of their coat A B C according the seasons. D 8. Coral reefs are limestone formations composed of tiny sea organisms and the remains. A B C D 9. Soybeans were first grown in the Orient and brought to the Western world during the World War A B C D Two. 10. Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich soil and increasing yield. A B C D 2.9.30. Bài tập 30 1. The pupils haven’t done their homework, what is too bad. A B C D 2. George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t too. A B C D 3. There are many frequently mentioned reasons why one out of four arrests involve a juvenile. A B C D 4. The foreign student advisor recommended that she studied more English before enrolling at the A B C D university. 5. Physical therapists help patients relearn how to use their bodies after disease or injure. A B C D 44
45. 6. Children’s games, which are amusements involve more than one individual, appear to be culturally A B C universal. D 7. When I came back I realized that my camera had been disappeared. A B C D 8. If either of you take a vacation now, we won’t be able to finish this work. A B C D 9. Among the world’s 44 richest countries, there has been not war since 1945. A B C D 10. What we know about certain diseases are still not sufficient to prevent them from spreading easily A B C among the population. D 2.9.31. Bài tập 31 1. The book that you see laying on the table belongs to the teacher. A B C D 2. Because of refraction, the water in a tank ever looks as deep as it actually is. A B C D 3. In the early days of jet development, jet engines used great numbers of fuel. A B C D 4. The principles used in air-conditioning are basically the same as those used by the human body A B C to cool himself. D 5. Some underground water is enough safe to drink, but all the surface water must be treated. A B C D 6. Next week, when there will be an English club held here, I will give you more information about it. A B C D 7. It is of great importance that he speaks to the Dean before leaving for his location. A B C D 8. A lot needs be done to the house before anyone can start living in. A B C D 9. Your trip to DaLat sounds absolutely fascinated. I’d love to go there. A B C D 10. There are very large rooms with beautiful decorated walls in her new house. A B C D 2.9.32. Bài tập 32 1. Before television became popular, people used to entertain each other in the evening by playing A B C games, and saying stories. D 2. Since when did you work for that construction company? A B C D 3. Jane’s apartment is very different Bob’s even though they are in the same building. A B C D 4. The price of gold depends on several factor, including supply and demand in relation to the value of A B C D the dollar. 45
46. 5. The government raises money to operate by tax cigarettes, liquor, gasoline, tires, and telephone A B C D calls. 6. The longest mountain range, the Mid-Atlantic Range, is not hardly visible because most of A B C it lies under the ocean. D 7. All Vietnamese special schools are funded by money from government and/or charity A B C D organizations. 8. I think she will be suitable for the work because she has been working like a teacher for a long time. A B C D 9. The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife habitat. A B C D 10. One of my cousins used to sell microwaves importing from in open-air market. A B C D 2.9.33. Bài tập 33 1. Because of their business was highly unprofitable, they went bankrupt within a few months. A B C D 2. During our tour of the refinery, it was seen that both propane and gasoline were produced in large A B C D volumes. 3. She is attending a three-day conference on AIDS education, doesn’t she? A B C D 4. Vegetables and fruit of our farm are often much fresher than that of their farm. A B C D 5. There are differences and similarities between Vietnamese and American culture. A B C D 6. Of the two lectures, the first was by far the best, partly because the person who delivered it had A B C such a dynamic style. D 7. A cure for the common cold, causing by a virus, has not been found. A B C D 8. The better you are at English, more chance you have to get a job with international organizations. A B C D 9. After driving a car for ten miles, John suddenly realized that he has been driving in the wrong A B C direction. D 10. When I came to the theatre, I saw a handsome American young man standing on the stage. A B C D 2.9.34. Bài tập 34 1. John got his sister read his assignment, and then asked her to write the report for him because A B C he did not have enough time. D 46
47. 2. The industry minister blamed lower production figures for a severe shortage of raw material and A B C D frequent strikes by workers. 3. Drug addiction has resulted of many destroyed careers and expulsions from school or college. A B C D 4. It announced today that an enquiry would be held into the collapse of a high-rise apartment block in A B C D Kuala Lumpur last week. 5. Not only the number of mahogany trees has decreased markedly during the last decade, but other A B valuable trees are becoming scarcer and scarcer as well. C D 6. Several people have apparent tried to change the man’s mind, but he refuses to listen. A B C D 7. A galaxy, where may include billions of stars, is held together by gravitation attraction. A B C D 8. When Irene got home, she lay in bed thinking about the wonderful time she has had. A B C D 9. A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of one or more sentences related to the same idea. A B C D 10. John congratulated us to our excellent results although we didn’t know each other very well. A B C D 2.9.35. Bài tập 35 1. California has more land under irrigation than any another states. A B C D 2. In the 1920's cinema became an important art form and one of the ten largest industry in the United A B C D States 3. Lights can travels from the Sun to the Earth in eight minutes and twenty seconds. A B C D 4. Since fireworks are dangerous, many countries have laws preventing businesses to sell them. A B C D 5. It was suggested that your father gave up smoking for the sake of himself. A B C D 6. One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship are from this university. A B C D 7. The top of the mountain covered with snow during winter. A B C D 8. What I told her a few days ago were not the solutions to most of her problems. A B C D 9. Lake Superior, that lies on the US Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America. A B C D 10. It’s not that I don’t like her, but I object to be called that by her. I am not her “buddy”, am I? A B C D 2.9.36. Bài tập 36 1. The shopkeeper warned the boy don't lean their bicycles against his windows A B C D 47
48. 2. He comes from a large family, all of them now live in Australia. A B C D 3. What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and policemen A B C who had been laid off from their jobs. D 4. The residence of Greenville, Texas hold an annual Cotton Jubilee to remember the crop that A B caused their city to prosper. C D 5. I didn’t want going to church this morning because it was raining hard. A B C D 6. The final exam was the more difficult than the mid-semester exam. A B C D 7. The novelist Shirley Hazzard is noted for the insight, poetic style, and sensitive she demonstrates in A B C D her works. 8. Musical comedies, as an American form of entertainment, often take its subjects from America’s A B C present or past. D 9. Of all seashore plants, seaweeds are best able to tolerate long periods out of water, followed by long A B C periods covering by water D 10. Although not widely sold, that book is considered to be best book on the subject. A B C D 2.9.37. Bài tập 37 1. Because his sickness he didn’t take part in the English competition held last Sunday. A B C D 2. I found my new contact lenses strangely at first, but I got used to them in the end. A B C D 3. The skin receives nearly the third of the blood pumped out by the heart. A B C C 4. I had my motorbike repair yesterday but now it still doesn’t work. A B C D 5. If you are working with young children in a primary school, you will find that teaching lively songs A B C and rhymes are very popular. D 6. All the students are looking forward spending their free time relaxing. A B C D 7. Foreign students who are doing a decision about which school to attend may not know exactly A B C where the choices are located. D 8. Students suppose to read all the questions carefully and find out the answers to them. A B C D 48
49. 9. Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called. A B C D 10. Tom likes to gossip about other people, so he doesn’t like them to gossip about him. A B C D 2.9.38. Bài tập 38 1. Have a headache, an upset stomach, and a bad case of sunburn did not put me in a good mood A B C D for the evening. 2. It took eight years to complete the Erie Canal, the 365-miles waterway which connects Albany and A B C D Buffalo in New York State. 3. The little boys mother bought him a five - speeds racing bicycle for his birthday. A B C D 4. One of the most influence newspapers in the U.S is The New York Times, which is widely A B C D distributed throughout 5. The color of a star depends on the heat and how much energy it produces. A B C D 6. I can’t go out tonight because I have too many work to do. A B C D 7. Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants A B C D 8. Betty is one of the women who is responsible for organizing the outing. A B C D 9. How much each dress costs is not mention in the catalogue. A B C D 10. Not only the athlete but also his wife are going to the party tonight. A B C D 2.9.39. Bài tập 39 1. We thought our cameras were the same, but his is different than the one I bought. A B C D 2. She was anxious about the interview because she failed three interviews before. A B C D 3. Those of us who have a family history of heart disease should do yearly appointments with our A B C doctors. D 4. If I knew that you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you. A B C D 5. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job. A B C D 6. The boy has returned the wallet back to its original owner right after he picked it up. A B C D 7. The people in Europe are now using the common unit of money called Euro, although the A B C economies in those countries are not exact the same. D 49