Đề cương ôn tập học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập học kì II môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

1. CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI DỰA VÀO CẤU TẠO TỪ I. Danh từ (nouns) thường kết thúc : -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness II. Tính từ (adjective) thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring III. Trạng từ (adverbs) thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, bly, badly Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ Adj Adv good well late late/lately ill ill fast fast hard hard I. Danh từ(nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau 1.Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) Ex: Maths is the subject I like best. Yesterday Lan went home at midnight. 2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful . Ex: She is a good teacher. His father works in hospital. 3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ Ex: I like English. We are students. 4. Sau “enough” Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car. 5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, some, any, few, a few, little, a little, (Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun) Ex: This book is an interesting book. 6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at Ex: Thanh is good at literature. II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau 1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N Ex: My Tam is a famous singer. 2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj Ex: She is beautiful Tom seems tired now. Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj Ex: He makes me happy 3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look .+ too +adj Ex: He is too short to play basketball. 4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball. 5. Trong cấu trúc so that: tobe/seem/look/feel + so + adj + that Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home 6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, the most, less, as .as) Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish. Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class 7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How/ what +adj + S + V What + (a/an) + adj + N
2. Ex: - what beautiful weather - What beautiful flowers are - How cold it is / how interesting this film is - What a good picture they saw III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau 1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, seldom .) Ex: They often get up at 6am. 2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường Ex: I have recently finished my homework. 3. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look + adv + adj Ex: She is very nice 4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly. 5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand. 6. Trong cấu trúc so .that: V(thường) + so + adv + that Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. 7. Đứng cuối câu Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly. 8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,) Ex: Last summer I came back my home country My parents had gone to bed when I got home. It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school. IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ Ex: My family has five people. I believe her because she always tells the truth. Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng.
3. A: Phần lý thuyết CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -ing, -age, -ship, - ism, -ity, -ness Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -ish, -y, -like, -ic, - ed, -ing Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào tính từ Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ Adj Adv good well late late/lately ill ill fast fast hard hard *- DANH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: super-/under-/sur-/sub-/over- + N > N supermarket siêu thị , underachievement đạt dưới mức, surface bề mặt ,superman siêu nhân, subway tàu điện ngầm, overexpenditure chi tiêu quá 2) Hậu tố: a) V + -ion/-tion/-ation/-ition/-sion > N addition sự thêm, vào production sản xuất ,conservation sự bảo tồn ,repetition sự lặp lại permission sự cho phép, pollution b) V + -ment/-ance/-ence/-age/-ing/-al > N employment việc làm, attendance sự có mặt, difference sự khác nhau, marriage sự kết hôn, swimming việc bơi lội ,arrival sự đến c) V + -er/-or/-ant/-ee/ > N driver ,actor , accountant kế toán, employee người làm thuê, interviewee người được phỏng vấn, applicant người xin việc d) N + -ist/-an/-ian/-ess > N
4. physicist nhà vật lý, American người Mỹ ,brarian thủ thư, actress nữ diễn viên, musician nhạc sĩ,scientist nhà khoa học e) Adj + -y/-ity/-ness/-ism/-dom/ -ship > N difficulty khó khăn ,responsibility trách nhiệm ,happiness sự hạnh phúc ,capitalism chủ nghĩa tư bản freedom sự tự do, friendship tình bạn 3) THE + ADJ > NOUN the poor, the blind, the deaf, the old, the sick, the weak, the unemployed, the disabled, the dead, the young II- ĐỘNG TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: a) dis-/mis-/re-/over-/under-/out- + V > V disagree ,khơng đồng ý misunderstand hiểu nhầm ,redo làm lại, overcook nấu quá chín undersell bán rẻ hơn, outweigh nặng hơn b) en- + N/V/Adj > V enable làm cho cĩ thể endanger gây nguy hiểm enrich làm giàu 2) Hậu tố: Adj/N + -ize/-en/-ate/-fy > V industrialize Công nghiệp hóa widen làm rộng ra originate bắt nguồn beautify làm đẹp lighten làm nhẹ đi modernize hiện đại hóa III- TÍNH TỪ: 1) Tiền tố: un-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/dis- + Adj > Adj unlucky không may inexact không chính xác impossible không thể irregular không có qui tắc illogical không hợp lý dishonest không trung thực 2) Hậu tố: a) N + -ly/-like/-less/-ish/-y/-ful/-al/-ic/ > Adj daily hằng ngày childlike như con nít treeless không có câyselfish ích kỷ rainy có mưa peaceful hòa bình agricultural nông nghiệp scientific khoa học successful thành công V/N + -ive/-able/-ible > Adj attractive hấp dẫn acceptable có thể chấp nhận defensible có thể bảo vệ eatable có thể ăn được active năng động comprehensible có thể hiểu IV- TRẠNG TỪ: Phần lớn: Adj + -ly > Adv Slowly một cách chậm chạp carefully một cách cẩn thận safely một cách an tòan B: PHẦN BÀI TẬP WORD FORMATION EXERCISES Exercise 1: 1. Detroit is renowned for the of cars. PRODUCE 2. If you make a good at the interview, you will get the job. IMPRESS 3. Teaching and medicine are more than ., they're professions. OCCUPY 4. My history teacher has a vast . of past events. KNOW 5. You are never too old to go to college and gain some . QUALIFY 6. My greatest was graduating from the university. ACHIEVE 7. The weatherman said there is a strong of rain today. POSSIBLE 8. Some old laws are no longer E FFECT 9. Athens is . for its ancient buildings. FAME 10. He was caught shoplifting so now he has a record. CRIME 11. Despite her severe , she fulfilled her goals in life. DISABLE 12. Being . is the worst thing that can happen to someone. EMPLOY 13. If you buy presents in the summer your can be very high. SAVE 14. Due to the pilot's , the copilot managed to land safely. GUIDE 15. It's important to also see the less sides of the job. DESIRE 16. I was surprised at his to give up. REFUSE 17. Children are by nature of danger. AWARE 18. She is always . towards her parents. RESPECT 19. The hospital has the best medical . and fast ambulances. EQUIP 20. You can relax in the comfortable of the hotel. SURROUND 21. The looked dark and there were hardly any other guests. ENTER 22. Artists must be .,otherwise they just repeat what they see or hear. CREATE 23. Why are you so of his work? He's just doing his best. CRITIC 24. Have you made up your mind? We need to know your as soon as possible. DECIDE 25. He's too shy to look people when he talks to them. DIRECT
5. 26. Have they put the Christmas yet? DECORATE 27. They put too many unnecesary in food. ADD 28. I think that there's no point in arguing with him. Just ignore him. HONEST 29. Extraterrestrial life has not been . proved yet. SCIENCE 30. Why don't you call the . if the lights don't work? ELECTRIC 31. Music and television are forms of ENTERTAIN 32. The concert didn't live up to our EXPECT 33. The electric company admitted their for the blackout. RESPOND 34. Did you use to have as a child? ALLOW 35. I don't like those trousers, no matter how they are. FASHION 36. Life varies according to country and gender. EXPECT Exercise 2 1) We need to find a ___ to the problem as soon as possible. (solve) 2) Juan speaks English fluently and makes very few ___mistakes. (grammar) 3) The teacher keeps a record of every student's ___ . (attend) 4) Air-conditioning is a ___if you live somewhere like the south of Spain. (necessary) 5) Don't be afraid of the dog. He's absolutely ___ . (harm) 6) The company is trying hard to improve customer ___ . (satisfy) 7) Measures were taken around the world to ___ airport security after the 11 September attacks. (tight) 8) We're going to change our suppliers as they have become very ___ in the last year. (rely) 9) Patricia's very ___ . She writes short stories, paints and makes mosaics. (create) 10) We need your ___ at the bottom of the page. (sign) Exercise 3 1) The index at the back of the book is in ___order. (alphabet) 2) The fans waved ___ as the film star stepped out of the limousine. (excite) 3) Chickenpox is a highly ___disease which many people catch as a child. (infect) 4) Matt is very ___. He wants to be number one at everything. (compete) 5) Harry loves cars and he's so ___ about them. (knowledge) 6) There is little ___ of the president being re-elected. (likely) 7) The prime minister thinks there may be a ___ to overthrow him. (conspire) 8) In ___with Tokyo, London and Paris are relatively cheap. (compare) 9) The police were unable to ___ that she had committed the crime. (proof) 10) The president's speech went on for so long that I almost died of ___ ! (bore) Đáp án bài tập cách thành lập từ Tiếng Anh Key to exercise 1 1. production 2. impression 25. directly 3. occupations 4. knowledge 26. decorations 5. qualification 6. achievement 27. additives 7. possibility 8. effective 28. honestly 9. famous 10. criminal 29. scientifically 11. disability 12. unemployed 30. electrician 13. savings 14. guidance 31. entertainment 15. desirable 16. refusal 32. expectation 17. unaware 18. Respectful 33. responsibility 19. equipment 20. surroundings 34. allowance 21. entrance 22. Creative 35. fashionable 23. critical 24. Decision 36. expectancy Key to exercise 2 1) solution 6) satisfaction 2) grammatical 7) tighten 3) attendance 8) unreliable 4) necessity 9) creative 5) harmless 10) signature Key to exercise 3
6. 1) alphabetical 6) likelihood 2)2) excitedly 7) conspiracy 3) infectious 8) comparison 4) competitive 9) prove 5) knowledgeable 10) boredom Key to exercise 4 1) marriage 6) illegal 2)2) predictable 7) sweeten 3) homelessness 8) clarify 3)4) scientifically 9) disappointment 5) inheritance 10) rivalry Key to exercise 5 1) scholarship 6) childhood 2) pointless 7) misplaced 3) permission 8) disconnect 4) highly 9) immature 5) thoughtful 10) impressive Key to exercise 6 1. understandable 11. risky 2. 2. encourage 12. emptiness 3. slippery 13. liberate 3. 4. citizenship 14. freedom 5. befriend 15. careful 4. 6. sharpen 16. outdo 7. unfriendly 17. understanding 5. 8. penniless 18. uncork 9. oversleep 19. misspell 6. 10. unveil 20. forecast! Key to exercise 7 1. livelihood 2. competition 3. powerful 4. making 5. enriched 6. compete 7. bankrupt 8. freedom Key to exercise 8 1. mathematicians 2. length 3. thickness 4. reference 5. particularly 6. dimensional 7. similarly 8. Perspective Key to exercise 9 1. extraordinary 2. distance 3. disappearance 4. excitement 5. gracious 6. skillfully 7. pleasure 8. suddenly 9. imprisoned 10. Awake Key to exercise 11 1. luxurious 5. helpful 2. uncovered 6. overcharged 3. supposedly 7. surprisingly 4. disbelief 8. Different
7. Key to exercise 12 1. impatient 5. unpleasant 2. homeless 6. likely 3. astonishingly 7. spoonfuls 4. protective 8. Medical Key to exercise 13 1. profitable 5. unfairly 2. underestimated 6. disappeared 3. crossly 7. fashionable 4. wonderfully 8. Scientifically Key to exercise 14 1. likely 5. disagreement 2. dangerously 6. revolutionized 3. variety 7. characterized 4. childhood 8. Computerized Key to exercise 15 1. friendly 5. tendency 2. sunny 6. misfortune 3. hostility 7. researchers 4. abusive 8. Adoption Key to exercise 16 1. indispensable 5. considerably 2. variety 6. invention 3. production 7. journalism 4. promising 8. Misfortune Key to exercise 17 1. safety 5. additives 2. doubled 6. preferably 3. optional 7. entertaining 4. unemployment 8. third Key to exercise 18 1. uneasy 5. easily 2. conclusion 6. hesitation 3. unavailable 7. unenthusiastic 4. disabilities 8. housing