Đề cương ôn thi Trung học Phổ thông Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn thi Trung học Phổ thông Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh

1. GRAMMAR ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUI TẮC CẦN PHẢI HỌC THUỘC V1(Simple present V2(simple past V3(past participle) Vietnamese meaning tense) tense) 1. be(am/is/are) Was/were Been Thì,là,ở 2. bear 3. beat 4. become 5. begin 6. bind 7. bite 8. blow 9. break 10. bring 11. build 12. buy 13. catch 14. choose 15. come 16. deal 1
2. 17. do 18. drink 19. drive 20. eat 21. fall 22. feed 23. feel 24. fight 25. find 26. fly 27. forbid 28. forget 29. forgive 30. get 31. give 32. go 33. grow 34. have 35. hear 36. hide 37. hold 38. keep 39. know 2
3. 40. lay 41. lead 42. leave 43. lend 44. lose 45. make 46. mean 47. meet 48. mistake 49. pay 50. ride 51. ring 52. run 53. rise 54. say 55. see 56. seek 57. sell 58. send 59. sing 60. sink 61. shake 62. shine 3
4. 63. shoot 64. show 65. sit 66. sleep 67. speak 68. spend 69. sweep 70. stand 71. steal 72. swim 73. take 74. teach 75. tear 76. tell 77. think 78. throw 79. understand 80. wake 81. wear 82. weep 83. win 84. write 85. bet 4
5. 86. bid 87. cost 88. cut 89. fit 90. hit 91. let 92. put 93. quit 94. read 95. set 96. shut 97. spread 98. slit V1 thì hiện tại đơn V2 thì quá khứ đơn V3 được dùng ở thì Hiện tại hồn thành,Quá khứ hồn thành và Câu bị động CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1 CÁC THÌ (TENSES) * PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT I.The Simple Present tense: 1) Cách thành lập: 5
6. S + V . ( động từ “to be” : S + . ) * →Vo * →V-s/es - Câu khẳng định: S + Vo(s/es); S + am/is/are - Câu phủ định: S( )+ do /S( )does + not + Vo; S + am/is/are + not - Câu hỏi: Do( .)/Does( .) + Vo ? Am/Is/Are + S ? 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì hiện tại đơn được dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Một thói quen, một hành động được lặp đi lặp lại thường xuyên. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: . E.g: Mary often(get)___ up early in the morning. 2.2 Một sự thật lúc nào cũng đúng, một chân lý. E.g: The sun (rise)___ in the east and (set) ___ in the west. 2.3 Một hành động trong tương lai đã được đưa vào chương trình,kế hoạch. E.g: The last train (leave)___ at 4.45. II.The Present Continuous tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định - Câu phủ định - Câu hỏi: . 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Một hành động đang diễn ra ở hiện tại (trong lúc nói); sau câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị. Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: E.g: - What you (do)___ at the moment? 6
7. - Be quiet! My mother ( sleep)___. - Look! The bus (come) 2.2 Một hành động đã được lên kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần. E.g: - What you (do)___ tonight? 2.3 Một hành động nhất thời không kéo dài lâu, thường dùng với today, this week, this month, these days, E.g: - What your daughter (do)___ these days? - She is studying English at the foreign language center. 3) Những động từ không được dùng ở thì HTTD: * Be 3.1 Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear, see, smell, taste 3.2 Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: love, hate, like, feellike,fancy,dislike,detest,want,wish 3.3 Động từ chỉ trạng thái, sự liên hệ, sở hữu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, need, 3.4 Động từ chỉ sinh hoạt trí tuệ: agree, understand, remember, know, I( be) a student now. She ( understand) . the lesson at the moment. III. The Present Perfect tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - .+ have + V pp(ed/3) - + has +V3/ed 7
8. Question: Have + + V pp(ed/3) ? Has + +V3/ed ? Negative: - .+ haven’t + V pp(ed/3) . - hasn’t +V3/ed 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì HTHT dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời điểm. E.g: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t. 2.2 Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, còn kéo dài đến hiện tại. (Đi với since hoặc for) E.g: My friend Nam( live) ___in HCMC since 1998. 2.3 Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra gần so với hiện tại. (Thường cĩ: just, recently, lately ) E.g: I (just/ finish )___my homework. 2.4 Trong cấu trúc: Be + the first/second time + S + have/has + V3/ed Be + the ss nhất + N + S + have/has + V3/ed E.g: This is the first time I (be)___ to Paris. She is the most honest person I (ever / meet)___ Notes: 8
9. S+ + since + S + Since + S + + S+ . Nam has ( study) ___ English since he was six years old. Ex:She ( just/ go) out. Ex:They ( already/ finish) their work. Ex:I ( live) here for 10 years Ex:Mai ( stay) in this city since last month. Ex:That student (do) . his homework yet. Ex: you (have) breakfast yet? Ex:He ( never /go) to China before. Ex: you (ever /meet) . her? Ex:We (see) an interresting film recently(lately) Ex:I (meet) them several/many times. Ex:He ( read) this novel twice(three times) Ex:Up to now( So far),the computer (have) an important role in the modern life. Ex:We (know) much in the past(last) two years at this school. Ex:I (lose) . my key.I am looking for it. Ex:Nam has studied English since he was six years old. 3) Các trạng từ thường dùng với thì HTHT: For + khoảng thời gian(two months,three years ) 9
10. Since + mốc thời gian(last month,2011 ) IV.The Present Perfect Continuous: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định . - Câu phủ định - Câu hỏi . 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì HTHTTD dùng để diễn tả: Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại và còn tiếp diễn đến tương lai, thường đi với How long, since và for. E.g: - How long you ( wait)___for her? - I (wait) for her for an hour. * HTHT: hành động hoàn tất > < HTHTTD: hành động còn tiếp tục V. The Simple Past tense. 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định S + .; S + was/were - Câu phủ định S + ; S + was/were + not - Câu hỏi ?; Was/Were + S ? 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì QKĐ dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn tất trong quá khứ với thời gian được xác định rõ. Các trạng từ thường đi kèm: E.g: Uncle Ho( pass ) ___away in 1969. VI- Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past Continuous): 1) Cách thành lập: 10
11. - Câu khẳng định . - Câu phủ định . - Câu hỏi: . 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì QKTD dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Diễn tả 1 sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định cụ thể trong quá khứ ( at 7:00 last night) Diễn tả 2 sự việc song song diễn tả trong quá khứ,hoặc một hành động đang diễn ra(The past continuous tense) thì cĩ một hành động khác xảy đến(the past simple) với các liên từ : when, while, as. E.g: - She (study )___ her lesson at 7 last night. - What you (do)___ from 3pm to 6pm yesterday? . 2.2 Một hành động đang xảy ra ở quá khứ (Were/Was + V-ing) thì có một hành động khác xen vào (V2/ed). E.g: - He ( sleep)___ when I came. - While my mother ( cook)___ dinner, the phone rang. E.g: - While I (do)___my homework, my brother was playing video games. VII. The Past Perfect tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định - Câu phủ định - Câu hỏi . ? 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì QKHT dùng để diễn tả: Diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm hoặc 1 sự việc khác trong quá khứ Thường được dùng cùng với thì quá khứ đơn ( trong câu có các liên từ: before, after, until,by(before) the +time in the past, when 11
12. After +S+ , S+ → S+ + after +S+ Before+S+ , S + . → S + , before+ Ex:I (finish)___ my homework before(by) yesterday. Ex:They went home after they ( already/ finish)___ their work. Ex:When he went to the station , the train( just/leave)___. 3) Thì này thường được dùng với các từ, ngữ sau đây: * After, before, when, as, once E.g: - When I got to the station, the train had already left. * No sooner+ had +S+V3/ed+ than +S + V2/ed (vừa mới thì) hoặc Hardly/Scarely + had +S+V3/ed when+S + V2/ed (vừa mới thì) E.g: - He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill. > No sooner ___ VIII.The Past Perfect Continuous tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định . - Câu phủ định . - Câu hỏi: ? 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì QKHTTD dùng để nhấn mạnh tính LIÊN TỤC của hành động cho đến khi một hành động khác xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: When she arrived, I ( wait) ___for three hours. IX.The Simple Future tense: 1) Cách thành lập: 12
13. - Câu khẳng định . - Câu phủ định . - Câu hỏi: ? 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì TLĐ dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai: E.g: I (call )___you tomorrow. 2.2 Một quyết định đưa ra vào lúc nói: E.g: It’s cold. I (shut)___ the window. 2.3 Một quyết tâm, lời hứa, đề nghị, yêu cầu: E.g: I (lend)___ you the money. - Will you marry me ? 2.4 Một tiên đoán, dự báo trong tương lai: E.g: People ( travel)___to Mars one day. 3) Dấu hiệu thường gặp: * LƯU Ý: Cách dùng của be going to + V: + Diễn tả ý định (Được quyết định hoặc có trong kế hoạch từ trước) E.g: I have saved some money. I ( buy)___ a new computer. + Diễn tả một dự đoán có căn cứ E.g: Look at those clouds. It ( rain )___. X- The Future Continuous tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định - Câu phủ định - Câu hỏi 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì TLTD dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang diễn ra ở một thời điểm hay một khoảng thời gian trong tương lai. E.g: - This time next week I (play)___ tennis. 13
14. - We (work)___ hard all day tomorrow. Thì này thường được dùng với các từ, ngữ sau đây: *XI.The Future Perfect tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định - Câu phủ định . - Câu hỏi . 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì TLHT dùng để diễn tả: 2.1 Một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một thời điểm trong tương lai. E.g: It’s now 7pm. I (finish)___ teaching this class by 8.30. 2.2 Một hành động sẽ hoàn tất trước một hành động khác trong tương lai. E.g: By the time you come back, I ( write)___this letter. * Thì này thường được bắt đầu bằng By + time (By then, By the time, By the end of this week/month/year) XII.The Future Perfect Continuous tense: 1) Cách thành lập: - Câu khẳng định - Câu phủ định . - Câu hỏi 2) Cách dùng chính: Thì TLHTTD dùng để nhấn mạnh tính LIÊN TỤC của hành động so với một thời điểm nào đó hoặc hành động khác trong tương lai. E.g: - By next month, he in the office for ten years.(work)___ 14
15. The adverbial clauses of time: (mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian): Là mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các liên từ: when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, till, until, since . Sự phối hợp về thì trong câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: Main clause Adverbial clause of time 1. Present tenses ( hiện tại) present tenses 2. Past tenses (quá khứ) past tenses 3. Future tenses (tương lai) present tenses  Notes :  Không dùng thì tương lai ( will/shall ) trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian mà dùng hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hồn thành. Ex:I will talk to you when you( come)___ tomorrow. Ex:They will go to university after they ( finish)___ high school next year. Transformation of tenses:  Notes 1 S+started/ began +to inf/V-ing+time ago. S+has/have+V(3/ed) +since/for+time. S+Has/have+been+V-ing+since/for+time. Ex:I started to learn English two years ago. 15
16. I ___  . 2 @ S + has / have + not + V ( 3 / ed ) +(O)+ since / for + time.  S + last + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + time ago.  It ‘s + time + since + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O).  The last time + S + V ( 2 / ed ) + (O) + was + time ago. Ex:She hasn’t stayed here since last month. She last ___  It ‘s___  The last time ___ 3 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + O + before. This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + O. Ex:We have ___.  This is the first time we have met that man. 4 @ S + has / have + never / not + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N + before. This is the first time + S + has / have + V ( 3 / ed ) + such + ( a/an ) + N. This / It is the most + long adj + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( 3 / ed ) . the short adj + EST + N + S + has / have + ever + V ( 3 / ed ) Ex:We have not seen such a beautiful picture before. 16
17. This is the first time we ___ This / It is the most beautiful picture we ___ * PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG I. Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D. 1. When I last saw him, he ___ in London. A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living 2. We ___ Dorothy since last Saturday. A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen 3. The train ___ half an hour ago. A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left 4. Jack ___ the door. A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting 5. My sister ___ for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 6. I ___ Texas State University now. A. am attending B. attend C. was attending D. attended 7. He has been selling motorbikes ___. A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 8. Christopher Columbus ___ American more than 500 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. had been discovering 17
18. 9. He fell down when he ___ towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 10. We ___ there when our father died. A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. were still living 11. They ___ table tennis when their father comes back home. A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play 12. By Christmas, I ___ for Mr. Smith for six years. A. shall have been working B. shall work C. have been working D. shall be working 13. I ___ in the room right now. A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am 14. I ___ to New York three times this year. A. have been B. was C. were D. had been 15. I’ll come and see you before I ___ for the States. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 16. The little girl asked what ___ to her friend. A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened 17. John ___ a book when I saw him. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 18. He said he ___ return later. A. will B. would C. can D. would be 19. I have been waiting for you ___ . A. since early morning B. since 9a.m C. for two hours D. All are correct 20. Almost everyone ___ for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left 18
19. 21. By the age of 25, he ___ two famous novels. A. wrote B. writes C. has written D. had written 22. While her husband was in the army, Mary ___ to him twice a week. A. was reading B. wrote C. was written D. had written 23. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower ___ a few days previously. A. broke down B. has been broken C. had broken down D. breaks down 24. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I ___ to play. A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying 25. Since ___, I have heard nothing from him. A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left 26. After I ___ lunch, I looked for my bag. A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had 27. By the end of next year, George ___ English for two years. A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn 28. The man got out of the car, ___ round to the back and opened the book. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk 30. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ___ dinner. A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. finishing 31 Ask her to come and see me when she ___ her work. A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing 32. Tom and Mary ___ for Vietnam tomorrow. A. leave B. are leaving C. leaving D. are left 33. He always ___ for a walk in the evening. A. go B. is going C. goes D. going 19
20. 34. Her brother ___ in Canada at present. A. working B. works C. is working D. work 35. Last week, my professor promised that he ___ today. A. would come B. will come C. comes D. coming II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting. 1. After Mrs. Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner. A B C D 2. Jimmy threw the ball high in the air, and Betty catching it when it came down A B C D 3. Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it. A B C D 4. Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one. A B C D 5. Having fed the dog, he was sat down to his own meal. A B C D 6. When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all. A B C D 7. They are going to have to leave soon and so do we. A B C D 8. The boss laughed when the secretary has told him that she really needed a pay rise. A B C D 9. The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it. A B C D 20
21. 10. Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years. A B C D 11. I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer A B C D 12. When my cat heard a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving and listen intently A B C D 13. Mary goes always to school by bus on time. A B C D 14. Roger felt the outside of his pocket to make sure his wallet is still there. A B C D 15. When I’m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t met for five years. A B C D 16. The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant. A B C D 17. Peter and Wendy first met in 2006, and they are married for three years now. A B C D 18. Some people are believing there is life on other planets. A B C D 19. Recently, the island of Hawaii had been the subject o fintensive research on the occurrence of earthquakes. A B C D 20. Every morning, the sun shines in my bedroom window and waking me up. A B C D 21
22. 21. We’ll be cycled to Hoa’s village at this time next Sunday. A B C D 22. What will you do when your friends won’t come ? A B C D 23. My friend didn’t drink any beer since we came to live here. A B C D 24. We have written to each other when we were in primary school. A B C D III Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away. A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand. B. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away. C. She turned away because he waved his hand too early. D. Although she turned away, he waved his hand. 2. My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month. A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes.B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes. C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes.D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago. 3. Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid. A. The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work. B. Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid. C. Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work. D. Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid. 3. Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago. A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car five years ago. B. It has been five years when Mr. Brown bought this car 22
23. C. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years . D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown bought this car. 4. I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. A. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much. B. It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much. C. It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much. D. It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much. 5. This is my tenth year working in this bank. A. By the end of this year , I will work in this bank for ten years. B. I have worked in this bank for ten years by the end of this year. C. By the end of this year , I will have worked in this bank for ten years. D. I had been working in this bank for ten years by the end of this year. 6. The famous actor was last seen in 2000. A. The famous actor has not been able to see since 2000. B. No one has seen the famous actor since 2000. C. The famous actor didn’t see anyone in 2000. D. No one saw the famous actor until 2000. 7. I came to live here three months ago. A. It was three months since I lived here. B. I’ve been living here for three months. C. I lived here for three months. D. I didn’t live here for three months. 8. She goes to the shops every Friday. A. She goes every day to the shop but not on Friday. B. It’s not Friday, but she’s going to the shops. C. She always goes to the shops on Friday. D. She never goes to the shops on Friday. 9. Michael took a deep breath and dived into the water. A. After Michael had taken a deep breath, he dived into the water. B. Having taken a deep breath, he dived into the water. C. After Michael took a deep breath, he had dived into the water. D. A & B are correct. 10. We started working here three years ago. 23
24. A. We worked here for three years. B. We have no longer worked here for three years. C. We have worked here for three years. D. We will work here in three years. 11. It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema. A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time. C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to. D. We wish we went to the cinema now. 12. I haven’t finished this book yet. A. I’m still reading this book. B. I have read this book before. C. The book I’m reading hasn’t finished. D. I will read this book some day. 13. He used to jog every morning. A. He enjoys jogging every morning. B. He never fails to jog every morning. C. He doesn’t now jog every morning. D. He intended to jog every morning. 14. I have never felt happier than I do now. A. I felt happier before. B. I feel happy now. C. I have never felt happy. D. I have always felt happy. 15. He last had his eyes tested ten months ago. A. He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months . B. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then. C. He had tested his eyes ten months before. D. He didn’t have any test on his eyes in ten months. 16. Someone knocked on the door during my lunchtime. A. I had lunch when someone knocked on the door. B. When I had had lunch, someone knocked on the door. C. I was having lunch when someone was knocking on the door. D. I was having lunch when someone knocked on the door. 17. Steve left before my arrival. 24
25. A. When I arrived, Steve had already left. B. Steve left as soon as I arrived. C. While Steve was leaving I arrived. D. Steve hadn’t left until I arrived. 18. I haven’t been here before. A. Being here is a pleasant experience. B. This is the first time I have been here . C. I have wished to be here for long. D. Before long I will be here. 19. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago. A. I hasn’t seen Rose for three years. B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago. C. I haven’t seen Rose since three years. D. I haven’t seen Rose for three years. 20. When we arrived, the children were playing “Hide and Seek” A. The children played “Hide and Seek” and then we arrived. B. While the children were playing “Hide and Seek”, we arrived. C. We arrived at the same time the children played “Hide and Seek”. D. We didn’t arrive until the children played “Hide and Seek”. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2 QUESTION TAGS: CÁCH THÀNH LẬP - Câu hỏi đuơi gồm cĩ: chủ ngữ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng) và trợ động từ hay động từ đặc biệt. - Nếu câu phát biểu ở thể khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuơi ở thể phủ định và ngược lại. - Nếu câu hỏi đuơi ở thể phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức tĩnh lược (contractive form). Ex: STATEMENTS QUESTION-TAGS He is a good boy, ? The girl didn't come here yesterday, ? 25
26. They will go away, ? She hasn't left, ? ĐẶT BIỆT: a. Phần đuơi của “ I am” là “aren’t I” Eg: I’m going to do it again, ? b. Imperatives and Requests ( Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu): + Cĩ phần đuơi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời: Eg: Take your seat, ? (Mời ơng ngồi) + Cĩ phần đuơi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định. Eg: Open the door, ? Don’t be late, ? (Đừng đi trễ nha.) c. Phần đuơi của câu bắt đầu bằng “ Let’s ” : là “shall we ?” Eg: Let’s go swimming, ? * Nothing, anything, something, everything được thay là thế bằng “ It” ở câu hỏi đuơi: Eg : Everything will be all right, ? * No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuơi. Eg: Someone remembered to leave the messages, ? Lưu ý: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ ở câu hỏi đuơi sẽ phải ở dạng thức khẳng định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one cĩ nghĩa phủ định) Eg: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, ? 26
27. This/ That được thay thế là “It”. Eg: This won’t take long, ? These/ Those được thay thế là “They”. Eg: Those are nice, ? g. Khi trong câu nĩi cĩ từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little phần đuơi phải ở dạng khẳng định. Eg: He seldom goes to the movies, ? Nếu câu phát biểu cĩ dạng : You’d better → câu hỏi đuơi sẽ là : ? You’d rather → câu hỏi đuơi sẽ là : ? You used to → câu hỏi đuơi sẽ là : ? Choose a question tag to complete each sentence: 1. He couldn’t swim, ___? A. could him B. could he C. couldn’t he D. couldn’t him 2. Nobody cheated in the exam, ___? A. did they B. didn’t they C. did he D. didn’t he 3. You have seen this film, ___? A. haven’t you B. have you C. do you D. don’t you 4. His name is Messi, ___? A. isn’t he B. is he C. is it D. isn’t it 5. Let’s have a drink, ___? A. don’t we B. do we C. shall we D. shan’t we 6. He can speak three languages, ___? A. can he B. can’t he C. isn’t he D. is he 27
28. 7. I think she is a good teacher, ___? A. don’t I B. do I C. is she D. isn’t she 8. You went on a picnic last week, ___? A. didn’t you B. didn’t I C. did you D. does he 9. Teresa is an accountant,___? A. aren't she B. doesn't she C. isn't she D. she isn't 10. I am a good worker,___? A. I am B. do I C. amn't I D. aren't I 11. Pierre is a grandfather,___? A. he isn't B. isn't he C. he is D. doesn't he 12. Kate is a doctor, ___? A. she is B. is she C. doesn't she D. isn't she 13. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___? A. aren't they B. are they C. isn't he D. isn't they 14. Mario is at work right now, ___? A. aren't they B. isn't he C. is he D. isn't she 15. You and I are busy right now, ___? A. aren't I B. aren't we C. we aren't D. aren't you 16. It's windy today, ___? A. am I B. aren't they C. isn't it D. isn't he 17. You wanted that, ___? A. would you B. didn't you C. wouldn't you D. do you 18. He saw that, ___? A. is he B. won't he C. didn't he D. doesn't he 28
29. 19. You know that's right, ___? A. would you B. wouldn't you C. don't you D. didn't you 20. He will be coming, ___? A. is he B. did he C. doesn't he D. won't he CHUYÊN ĐỀ 3: THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG Phần lí thuyết: 3 1. Hình thức chung: BE + V ed +BY 2. Nghĩa: bị, được 3. Hình thức bị động của từng thì cụ thể - Hiện tại đơn: . - Quá khứ đơn: . - Hiện tại tiếp diễn: . - Quá khứ tiếp diễn: . - Hiện tại hồn thành: . - Quá khứ hồn thành: . - Động từ khiếm khuyết . 4. Các dạng đặc biệt: a. Causative form (Thể nhờ bảo): “Have”, “Get”. - Chủ động: S + have + O (person) + V0 + O (thing) - Bị động: . 29
30. VD: I had him repair the roof yesterday. I had . - Chủ động: S + get + O.1 + to V0 + O.2 ed - Bị động: S + get + O.2 + V3 VD: I will get her to cut my hair. I will get . b. Verbs of opinion: Say, Think, Believe, Know, Report, Declare (V1) Cĩ 2 dạng bị động: - Chủ động: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 - Bị động: => It + => S2 + VD: - They say that John is the brightest student in class. => It . => John Ex:They believe that she went alone. →It →She c. Passive of MAKE - Chủ động: S + make + O + Vo - Bị động: S + . d. Passive of NEED - Chủ động: S + need + TO V+ O(thing) : cần phải - Bị động: S + need + 30
31. Thơng thường chủ từ câu passive là sự vật,sự việc nào đĩ Bài tập 1: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất để hồn thành những câu sau. 1. We can’t have our car now; ___ at the garage. A. it’s still being repaired B. it’s still repairing C. it’s still repaired D. it’s still being repairing 2. John___ you when he has finished the report. A. was calling B. was being called C. will call D. will be called 3. When I returned, I found that my car ___away. A. had been pulling B. has been pulling C. has been pulled D. had been pulled 4. The house ___six decades ago. A. was built B. was building C. will be built D. was to be built 5. The building ___ A. is being demolished B. is demolishing C. has demolished D. been demolished 6. While I ___this morning , I met Jane . A. shop B. shopping C. was shopping D. am shopping 7. Wait here until I ___ you. A. am calling B. am going to call C. call D. will call 8. This room ___for ages. A. hasn’t used B. hasn’t been used C. hadn’t used D. hadn’t been used 9. I’m going to have my house ___ this weekend. A. is redecorated B. redecorated C. will be redecorated D. redecorate 10. I’d like to have my shoes ___ at once. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired 11. My shoes need ___ A. to clean B. cleaning C. to be cleaned D. B & C 31
32. 12. Pupils are made ___ hard at school. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 13. The factory is said ___ in a fire two years ago. A. being destroyed B. to have been destroyed C. to have destroyed D. to destroy 14. He is said ___ a good student in the class A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been 15. English ___ all over the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. was spoken D. is spoken Exercise 2: Find one error in each sentence: 1. The children were frightening by the thunder and lightning. A B C D 2. Two people got hurt in the accident and were took to the hospital by an ambulance. A B C D 3. The students helped by the clear explanation that the teacher gave. A B C D 4. That alloy is composing by iron and tin. A B C D 5. The winner of the race hasn’t been announcing yet. A B C D 6. Progress is been made every day in all parts of the world. A B C D 7. When, where and by whom has the automobile invented? A B C D 32
33. 8. Each assembly kit is accompany by detailed instruction. A B C D 9. Arthur was giving an award by the city for all of his efforts in crime prevention. A B C D 10. It was late and I was getting very worry about my son. A B C D 11. I discovered that many strange things were happened last night. A B C D 12. He was seen go to the beach with some other people. A B C D 13. He is believed to work for the CIA in the 1970s. A B C D 14. We are not let to cycle in the park, are we? A B C D 15. You should get your car to service every two years. A B C D 16. Only coffee and dessert been severed at the reception yesterday. A B C D 17. When I have been finished my work, I’m going to take a walk. A B C D 18. Because we have a writing agreement, our landlord won’t be able to raise our rent for two years. A B C D 33
34. 19. The heel of my shoe broke off, then my dress got tore in the elevator door. A B C D 20. When I crossed the road I saw two men whose car was broke down. A B C D CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES+ WISH SENTENCES  .1. Câu điều kiện: cĩ 3 lọai. 1. Future possible: If + S + , S + . Ex: If I have enough money, I ( buy)___ that house. 2. Present unreal: If + S + . , S + Ex: If I (be)___ you , I would study harder. 3. Past unreal: If S + . , S + 34
35. Ex: If she ( study)___ harder, she would have passed the exam. * Inversion:(đảo ngữ hay bỏ đi If) 1. Were + S + . S+ would + Vo If I were good at English , I would have a good job.Were ___ 2. If S+should+Vo,S+will+Vo  Should +S+Vo, S+will+Vo If you should work hard, you will earn much money.  Should ___ 3. ed ed ed ed If S+had + V /3 , S + would(not) have +V /3Had+S V /3 ,S + would/ could / might (not) have +V /3 If I had had enough money, I would have bought a house. Had ___ UNLESS +S+V= IF NOT (Trừ phi = nếu khơng) If –clause Unless 35
36. Thể phủ định khẳng định (mệnh đề chính khơng đổi) Thể khẳng định khẳng định (phủ định động từ ở mệnh đề chính) Ex: 1. If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam. => Unless ___ 2. If I have time, I’ll help you. => Unless In case ( Phịng khi điều gì đĩ xảy ra) Trong mệnh đề theo sau In case thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn, khơng dung will hoặc would I always take an umbrella in case it rains * Dùng Without/ But for ( nếu khơng ) Without/ But for + a noun/ a noun phrase Without water, life wouldn’t exist = If * As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện) Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car. = If you drive carefully, you can use my car. * Otherwise ( Nếu khơng thì ) : Dùng để thay thế cho vế If và liên quan đến một ý tưởng của câu trước. (Trước Otherwise thường cĩ dấu; hoặc dấu , sau otherwise cĩ dấu ,) Eg: You must read the instruction; otherwise, you don’t know how to do it Ex:You may take the book tonight provided that you return it tomorrow *Lưu ý:Viết lại câu với mệnh đề If 36
37. 1.Thì hiện tại if loại 2 2.Thì quá khứ if loại 3 3. loại 2 và 3 cĩ thể kết hợp 4 Sau “so” là mệnh đề chính 5.Sau “because” là mệnh đề If 6.Nguyên nhân là mệnh đề If, kết quả là mệnh đề chính. 7. câu phủ định  câu xác định và ngược lại xác định  câu phủ định 1.I’m having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week. If 2.My brother didn’t buy that car because he didn’t have enough money. If 3.Unless you start at once,you ‘ll be late. If 4.We didn’t go because it rained. If 5.People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly If 3.2. Câu ước muốn: cĩ 3 lọai.(wish= If only) 1. Future wish: S + will not /can not + Vo  S + wish + (If only) S + would / could + Vo I won’t see them tomorrow I wish I (see)___ them tomorrow. If only I (see)___ them tomorrow. 37
38. 2. Present wish: ed S +don’t/doesn’t +Vo  S + wish (If only) + S + V /2 S+am/is/are +not . S+ wish(If only)+S+were . Ex: I don’t swimI wish ___. If only ___ Ex She isn’t a teacher. She wishes ___.  If only she ___ 3. Past wish: ed S+ V2/ed/didn’t+Vo  S + wish(If only) + S + had V /3 Ex I failed my exam last year . I wish I ___. If only ___ Lưu ý:khi viết lại câu với wish : 1.Câu phủ định  câu xác định và ngược lại xác định  câu phủ định 2.Cĩ tomorrow, next (week )  would/ could/ might + Vo 3.Cĩ now , today , at present  V2/ ed / were 4.Cĩ yesterday, last( week ) ,ago, in 2000 had + V3/ed 1. We wish we___a large house but we can’t afford it now. A. have B. had C. can have D. will have 2. My friend won’t lend me his car. I wish___. A. he lent me his car B. he didn’t lend me his car C. he would lend me his car D. he will lend me his car 3. My mother is not free today. I wish___. A. my mother is free today B. my mother won’t be busy today C. my mother would be free today D. my mother were free today 4. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money on me. I wish___. A. I have got no money on me B. I have some money on me 38
39. C. I had some money on me D. I had got no money on me 5. I’m fraid our team will lose the game today. I wish___. A. our team won the game today. B. our team would win the game today. C. our team didn’t lose the game today. D. out team had won the game today. 6. My friends didn’t take part in the game. I wish___. A. my friends took part in the game. B. my friends had taken part in the game. C. my friends would take part in the game. D. my friends did take part in the game. 7. It wasn’t fine yesterday. I wish___. A. it was fine yesterday B. it would fine yesterday C. it will fine yesterday D. it had been fine yesterday 8. I wish I ___more time now to help you with your lesson. A. have B. had C. would have D. had had 9. I wish I ___psychology when I was a college student. A. had studied B. would study C. studied D. study 10. I wish someone___to help me with that work tomorrow. A. offer B. offered C. would offer D. had offered Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence. 1. I would have visited you before if there ___ quite a lot of people in your house. A. hadn't B. hadn't beenC. wouldn't be D. wasn't 2. If you had caught the bus, you ___ late for work. A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be 3. If I ___, I would express my feelings. A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked 39
40. 4. If ___ as I told her, she would have succeeded. A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did 5. Will you be angry if I ___ your pocket dictionary? A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal 6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It ___ better if you ___ to her. A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie C. will be / don't lie D. would be / hadn't lied 7. John would be taking a great risk if he ___ his money in that business. A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests 8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we ___ her to. A. wouldn’t advise B. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise 9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he ___ it up to take his kite down. A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed 10. If the wall weren't so high, he ___ it up to take his ball down. A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb 11. If I ___ her phone number, I ___ her last night A. had known / could have phoned B. knew / would have phoned C. know / can phone D. knew / could phone 12. If he ___ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him. A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell 13. If you press that button what ___? 40
41. A. would happen B. would have happened C. will happen D. happen 14. She says if she ___ that the traffic lights were red she ___. A. had realized / would stop B. realized / could have stopped C. has realized / stopped D. had realized / would have stopped 15. I am very thin. I think, if I ___ smoking, I might get fat. A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped 16. If I ___ that yesterday, I ___ them. A. had discovered / would inform B. had discovered / would have informed C. had discovered / could inform D. discovered / can inform 17. If you ___ to the course regularly, they ___ a certificate last year. A. go / gave B. go / give C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give 18. I think he is not at home. If he ___ in, he ___ the phone. A. was / answered B. were / would answer C. were / would have answered D.had been / would have answered 19. If I ___ in London now, I could visit British Museum. A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be 20. If Columbus ___ money from Queen Isabella, he ___ across the Atlantic. A. do not receive / could not sail B. had not received / might not have sailed C. did not receive / might not have sailed 41
42. D. would not receive / might not sail 21. She didn’t stop her car because shi didn’t see the signal. A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car. B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car. C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car. D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car. 22. His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time. A. He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed. B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed. C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed. D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t delayed. 23. Without your help, I couldn’t overcome the problem. A. If you don’t help me, I can’t overcome the problem. B. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t overcome the problem. C. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t overcome the problem. D. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have overcome the problem. 24. Thanks to Laura’s report, I was able to finish the project. A. If there isn’t Laura’s report, I wouldn’t finish the project. B. Had it not been for Laura’s report, I wouldn’t have been to finish the project. C. If Laura didn’t help me, I wouldn’t finish the project. D. I wouldn’t have finished the project if Laura didn’t help me. Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B, C or D) that needs correcting. 1.What do you do if you won the first prize of the lottery? A B C D 42
43. 2. Would people be able to fly, if they have feathers instead of hair? A B C D 3. George now wishes he hasn’t broken his encouragement with Marian A B C D 4. If she study hard for the next exam , she will pass it easily . A B C D 5. If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top A B C D 6. If Peter had been more careful, he wouldn’t break the camera I lent him. A B C D 7. Roger wouldn’t have made such a lot of mistakes if he hasn’t been so tired A B C D 8. How nice it would be for our parents if we could built the house A B C D CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5: REPORTED SPEECH There are three main kinds: 1. Statements: S + said + (that) + S + V(lùi thì) told + O 43
44. He said: “I bought these books last week”. He said ___ 2. Questions: a. Yes-No questions: asked + (O) S + wanted to know + if / whether + S + V(lùi thì) Wondered He said to us, “Have you finished your homework?”. He asked ___ b. WH-questions: asked + (O) S + wanted to know + WH-word + S + V(lùi thì) Wondered She said to me , “ Where have you put my book?” She asked me ___ 44
45. *Lưu ý! Khi tường thuật ở dang câu hỏi các trợ động từ :do/does/did phải bỏ đi 1. Tense changes Direct Speech Reported Speech 1. Present Simple:V1 1. 2. Present Progressive: am/is/are+V-ing 2. 3. Present Perfect: has/have + V3/ed 3. 4. Past Simple: V2/ed 4. 5. Future Simple: will/shall + Vo 5. 6. can 6. 7. may 7. 8. must 8. Ex: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father next week.” He told me (that) he and I 2. Adverbs changes: Direct Speech Reported Speech 1. today/tonight 1. 2. yesterday 2. 3. last week 3. 4. ago 4. 5. now 5. 6. tomorrow 6. 7. next week 7. 45
46. 8. this 8. 9. these 9. 10. here 10. Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh & đặc biệt Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh: dùng To-V để tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh. - Mệnh lệnh khẳng định: “Vo please ”  S + told / asked / warned / ordered + O + To-V Ex: John said, “Give me the book, Tom”. John told Tom ___ - Mệnh lệnh phủ định: “Don’t +Vo”  S + told / asked / warned / ordered + O + not + To-V Ex: Mr. Khang said to Hoa, “Don’t stay up late.” Mr. Khang told ___ Tường thuật một số loại câu khác giống như câu mệnh lệnh: ta cũng dùng (not) To-V. - Câu yêu cầu, thỉnh cầu (requests): “Will you ?” “Would you ?” “Could you ?”  S + asked / requested + O + (not) To-V Ex: “Would you turn down the radio, please?”, she said. She asked me ___ - Câu khuyên bảo (advice): “If I were you, I would ”, “You should ” “You had better ”, - “you ought to ”  S + advised + O + (not) To-V 46
47. Ex: “You should stop smoking, Joe.”, said Ann. Ann advised ___ Ex: “If I were you, I would not stay up late”, she said. She advised ___ - Nhắc nhớ ai chuyện gì (remind): “Don’t forget ”, “Remember ”  S + remind + O + To-V Ex: “Don’t forget to send this letter, Mike.” Peter said. Peter reminded ___ - Câu đề nghị (suggestion): ta dùng gerund (V-ing) để tường thuật câu đề nghị theo công thức. “Why not + V ?”, “Why don’t you ?”, “Shall we ?”, “Let’s + Vo ?” S + suggested + V-ing S + suggested that + S’ + should + V0  Ex: “Shall we take a rest here?”, Tom said. Tom suggested ___ Ex: “Let’s stop now”, he said. He suggested that ___ Lời mời: would you like  invited + O+to + Vo "Would you like to have dinner with me?" he said. He invited me ___ Chú ý: khi tường thuật lời nói của người khác, ta cần thay đổi một số phần: trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian ; thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng và sở hữu. 47
48. *REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE * Một số động từ giới thiệu được theo sau bởi O + to Vo là advise ,ask beg (cầu xin) command (yêu cầu)encourage (khuyến khích) expect (mong đợi)forbid (cấm)instruct (hướng dẫn) invite (mời) order (ra lệnh)persuade (thuyết phục) recommend (khuyêngợi ý) remind (nhắc nhở)request (yêu cầu)tell (bảo)urge(hối thúc) warn (cảnh báo). Ex: “ Don’t swim out too far, boys,” I said. -> I warned / told the boys ___ * Một số động từ giới thiệu khơng được theo sau bởi O + to V mà “chỉ cĩ thể được theo sau bởi to V” : agree (đồng ý), demand (yêu cầu), guarantee (bảo đảm) , hope (hy vọng) , offer (đề nghị), promise (hứa) , volunteer (tình nguyện) Ex: She said: “ I’ll take you to town.” -> She offered ___ Câu cảm thán trong lời nĩi gián tiếp What a lovely dress! She exclaimed that the dress was lovely. She exclaimed that the dress was a lovely one. She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress * REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND 1. V + V-ing (admit, deny, suggest .) “I didn’t witness that accident.” He denied___ 2. V + prep + V-ing 48
49. apologize for(xin lỗi), complain about (phàn nàn), confess to(thú nhận), insist on(khăng khăng) , object to(phản đối), dream of (mơ) , think of(suy nhgĩ) She wanted to become a movie star She dreamed of ___ 3.V + O + prep + V-ing accuse of (tố cáo), blame .for(khiển trách), congratulate on(chúc mừng), criticize . for (phê bình), warn about/against(cảnh cáo), praise . for(khen ngợi), thank for (cám ơn), Sto/prevent from(ngăn chặn) "You mustn't call the police," he said to his wife. He stopped___ *A.Choose the best option: 1. He told me___ switch off the computer. a. don’t b. not c. not to d. to not 2. Bill said he___ 20 the following week. a. was b. is c. will be d. would be 3. She told me that she ___ her homework since 9 o’clock. a. had done b. did c. has done d. was doing 4. They said that the custom___ back to the feudal period. a. dates b. dated c. is dating d. has dated 5. Mrs. Clark asked John___ he didn’t close the window. a. what b. when c. why d. how 6. She asked me___ I liked pop music. 49
50. a. when b. if c. whether d. b & c 7. “___the door”, he said. a. Please open b. Please to open c. Opened please d. Please, opening 8. Mary said that___. a. she wants to give up her job b. she wanted to give up my job c. I wanted to give up her job d. she wanted to give up her job 9. He asked her___. a. when did she leave that place b. when does she leave hat place c. when she leaves that place d. when she left that place 10. She asked me___. a. if I was hungry b. if I were hungry c. if was I hungry d. if were I hungry 11. He said: “I bought these books last week”. In reported speech this should be read:___ a. He said he bought these books last week. b. He said he had bought these books last week. c. He said he had bought those books the week before. d. He said he bought these books the week before. 13. He said to us, “Write your lessons carefully”. a. He told us to write our lessons carefully. b. He asked us to write our lessons carefully. c. He said us to write our lessons carefully. d. A and B are correct. 14. He said to us, “Have you finished your homework?”. a. He told us to finish our homework. 50
51. b. He asked us if we had finished our homework c. He said us if we finished our homework. d. a and b are correct. 15. “Don’t play the video games all the time!” he said. a. He told the boy not to play video games all the time. b. He said to the boy not play the video games all the time. c. He told to the boy not to play the video games all the time. d. He said the boy not play the video games all the time. 16.“ Put your books away”, said the teacher. a. The teacher said us put our books away. b. The teacher told to us to put our books away. c. The teacher said to us put our books away. d. The teacher told us to put our books away. 17. She asked me how tall John was. In direct speech this should be read:___ a. She asked, “ How John is tall?” b. She asked, “ How tall is John?” c. She asked, “ How John was tall?” d. she asked, “How tall was John?” 18. “ Did they tell you when they left?” she said to me. In reported speech this should be read:___ a. She asked me if they told me when they left b. She asked me if they told me when they had left c. She asked me if they had told me when they left d. She asked me if they had told me when they had left 19. She said to me , “ Where have you put my book?” In reported speech it should be read___ a. She asked to me where have I put her book. b. She asked me where had I put her book. c. She asked me where I had put her book. d. She asked to me where I had put her book. 20. “ Whose car did you borrow last night?”. 51
52. In reported speech it should be read:___ a. I said to him whose car did he borrow last night. b. I told him whose car had he borrowed last night. c. I ordered him whose car he borrow the night before. d. I asked him whose car he had borrowed the night before. 21. He invited me to have dinner with him. A. "Would you like to have dinner with me?" he said. B. "Do you like having dinner with me?" he said. C. "Would you like dinner with me?" said he. D. "Will you like to have dinner with me?" said he. 22"How about spending the day at the beach? " said Tom. A. Tom said he wanted to spend the day at the beach. B. Tom suggested spending the day at the beach. C. Tom insisted on spending the day at the beach. D. Tom advised us to spend the day at the beach. .23 "Let's go to Ba Vi next weekend", Mai said. A. Mai insisted on going to Ba Vi next weekend. B. Mai suggested going to Ba Vi the next weekend C. Mai wanted to go to Ba Vi the next weekend. D. Mai dreamed of going to Ba Vi the next weekend 24."Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me. A. Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help. B. Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help. , C. Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help. D. Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help. B. Choose the word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting 52
53. 1.I asked(A) him how far was it(B) to the station if(C) I went there by taxi(D). 2.Her mother ordered(A) her do not go(B) out with him(C) the night before(D). 3.He said that(A) he will pick(B) me up at(C) 8 am the following(D) day. 4.She said(A) that the books in(B) the library would be(C) available tomorrow(D). 5.He advised(A) her thinking about(B) that example again(C) because it needed correcting(D). CHUYÊN ĐỀ 6: HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: I. THE INFINITIVE (TO V) 1. *Verb +To V: Agree arrange attempt ask decide demand determine desire expect fail help hope intend learn manage mean need offer plan prepare pretend promise propose refuse seem tend want wish Would like Ex: He doesn’t want to know. 2. Sau một số từ để hỏi: I don’t know how to use this computer. 53
54. I don’t know what to do 3. *Verb +O +To V: Advise allow ask enable encourage expect invite order permit request tell want warn wish Ex: He advised me to leave here early. II. GERUND: ( V-ing / not V-ing) 1. *Verb + V-ing / not V-ing Admit appreciate avoid can’t help consider delay deny detest enjoy finish keep imagine mind hate miss mention postpone practise prevent escape quit resent resist risk suggest understand dislike Prefer Ex: We enjoy playing football. 2. Những thành ngữ với”go+V-ing”: Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping(đi mua sắm) go swimming Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá) 3. Preposition+gerund(giới từ + V-ing): Interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apolosize for(xin lỗi về) Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nĩi về) instea of (thay vì) Fond of (thich) , look forward to (trơng mong ) thank sb for (cám ơn ai về ), prevent from 54
55. 4. Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions+gerund): -can’t help -can’t bear, can’t stand (khơng thể chịu được) -it is no good, it is no use (vơ ích) -there is no (khơng cịn cách) -would you mind? (xin ơng làm ơn) -do you mind(ơng cĩ phiền khơng) -have trouble(lo lắng, phiền muộn) 5. *Adjectives +gerund: Busy (bận rộn) Worth (đáng ,xứng đáng) 6. * Sau articles (the), tính từ sở hữu (my, her, his, their ) Would you mind my opening the windows? = would you mind if I opened the windows? 7. Những cấu trúc khác Prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing Spend + time + V-ing Waste + time+ V-ing Need + V-ing III. NOTES: A. GERUND or INFINITIVE: (the meaning changes) VERBS MEANINGS EXAMPLES Remember + to V (hành động chưa xảy ra) Please remember to return the book Forget tomorrow. Regret + V-ing (hành động đã xảy ra) I’ll never forget seeing her at the first 55
56. time. + to V (dừng lại để làm việc He stopped to eat. (dừng cơng việc để khác) ăn) Stop + V-ing (từ bỏ, dừng việc đang My father stopped smoking two months làm) ago. (bỏ hút thuốc) I will try to study hard so that my parents + to V (cố gắng làm việc gì) stop worrying about me. Try He tried making a cake but he didn’t + V-ing (thử làm việc gì) succeed. B. VERBS OF PERCEPTION: SEE / HEAR / WATCH / SMELL / FEEL / NOTICE + O + V0 : sự hồn tất của hành động SEE / HEAR / WATCH / SMELL / FEEL / NOTICE + O + Ving: sự tiếp diễn của hành động Ex: We saw him leave the house. She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising. C. Make / let + O + Vo Ex: He made me move my car. D. Modal Verbs (will, can, may, must, should, had better, have to ) + Vo Ex: The children had better go to bed early. Bài tập 1: Cho hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. 1. Ms. Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn’t want ___ (call) at home unless there is an emergency. 2. When I told Tim the news, he seemed ___ (surprise) 3. He was often made ___ (drink) milk by his mother. 4. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ___ (carry). 5. Mr. Miller hates ___(keep) waiting 6. The prisoner ___(think) to have escaped by climbing over a wall. 7. Pupils usually have their eyes ___ (test) regularly 56
57. 8. Tom is thought ___ (meet) the runaway murderer last week. 9. I expected ___(invite) to the party, but I wasn’t. 10. When did you finish___(paint) the kitchen ? Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hồn thành những câu sau: 1. His parents never allowed him A. smoking B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke 2. The teacher told his students ___ laughing. A. to stop B. stopping C. stop D. stopped 3. His sister apologized ___ rude to him. A. to be B. for being C. to being D. being 4. I advised her ___ anything about it to her friends. A. not saying B. not to say C. saying D. not say 5. I asked Barbara to let me ___ her car for the weekend. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 6. I'm looking forward ___ receiving your email soon. A. at B. to C. in D. for 7. The teacher advised him ___ harder. A. study B. to study C. studying D. studies 8. The mother told her son ___ so impolitely. A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave 9. She told the boys ___ on the grass. A. do not play B. did not play C. not playing D. not to play 10. He advised ___ too far. A. her did not go B. her do not go C. her not to go D. she did not go 11. He asked ___ him some money. A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends 12. She apologized to the teacher ___ being late. A. to B. for C. about D. on 13. I ___ everybody for all the help they had given me. A. thanked B. blamed C. apologized D. suggested 57
58. 14. The teacher encouraged ___ good compositions. A. us write B. us to write C. us writing D. us to writing 15. The doctor told me ___. A. I stay in bed for a few days B. I will stay in bed for a few days C. I have to stay in bed for a few days D. to stay in bed for a few days CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7: ĐỘNG TỪ KHIẾM KHUYẾT (MODAL VERBS) Phần lý thuyết: A. Modal + V0: dùng trong tình huống ở hiện tại) 1. MAY: cĩ lẽ sẽ, cĩ thể sẽ => dùng để thể hiện: - yêu cầu lịch sự. Ex: May I borrow your pen ? - suy đốn khơng chắc chắn. Ex: - Where is John ? – He may be at the library - sự cho phép. You may take my car as long as you return it before tomorrow. 2. MIGHT: giống như MAY nhưng khơng mạnh bằng MAY 3. MUST: phải, chắc chắn phải => dùng để thể hiện: - sự bắt buộc. Ex: You must be here before 8 o’clock. - sự suy luận cĩ căn cứ. Ex: Mary keeps crying. She must have some problem *MUSTN’T: diễn tả sự cấm đốn. Ex: You mustn’t smoke ten cigarettes a day. 4. SHOULD = OUGHT TO = HAD BETTER : nên => dung để hiện: - sự khuyên bảo. Ex: It’s late. You’d better/should/ought to hurry up. 5. NEEDN’T: khơng cần phải => dùng để diễn tả: - sự khơng cần thiết. Ex: I washed my car yesterday. You needn’t wash it again. ed B. Modal + have + V3 : dùng trong tình huống quá khứ ED 1. MAY/ MIGHT/COULD + HAVE + V3 : cĩ lẽ đã 58
59. ED 2. MUST + HAVE + V3 : chắc chắn đã ED 3. SHOULD + HAVE + V3 : nên làm nhưng đã khơng làm ED 4. NEEDN’T + HAVE + V3 : khơng cần làm nhưng đã làm Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hồn thành những câu sau với “must not” và “need not”. 1. You ___ ring the bell; I have a key. 2. We ___ drive fast; we have a plenty of time. 3. We ___ drive fast; there is a speed limit here. 4. Candidates ___ bring books into the examination room. 5. You ___ write to him for he will be here tomorrow. 6. We ___ make any noise or we’ll wake the baby. 7. You ___ do all the exercises. Ten sentences will be enough. 8. I want this letter typed but you ___ do it today. Tomorrow will do. 9. You ___ take anything out of the shop without paying for it. 10.You ___ carry that parcel home yourself; the shop will send it. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng 1. I’m not sure. I ___ come a few minutes late. A. may B. must C. mustn’t D. needn’t 2. Bring your umbrella. It ___ rain later today. A. must B. may C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. “What are you doing this weekend?” “I haven’t decided yet. I ___ go on a picnic with my family.” A. may B. may not C. must D. needn’t 4. “I didn’t have time for breakfast this morning.” “You ___ be very hungry now.” A. might B. may C. mustn’t D. must 5. It’s quite urgent. You ___ type the reports today. A. must B. might C. needn’t D. would 6. Don’t worry if you’re a minute or two late. We ___ be exactly on time for the meeting. A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may 59
60. 7. Jane’s glasses are on the desk, so she ___ be here. A. must B. shall C. ought D. will 8. The gas tank is almost empty. We ___ stop at the next service station. A. mustn’t B. might C. needn’t D. had better 9. A person ___ eat in order to live. A. have to B. must C. should D. may 10. A person ___ eat a balanced diet. A. should B. ought C. may D. must 11. I don’t have enough money to take the bus, so I ___ walk home. A. should B. mustn’t C. have to D. needn’t 12. You ___ eat these mushrooms. They are very poisonous. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 13. I can’t find my umbrella. I ___ it in the restaurant last night. A. must have left B. had left C. left D. might leave 14. I had a test this morning. I didn’t do it well. I ___ last night. A. should study B. must have studied C. should have studied D. must study 15. Tom goes to school very often, but he was absent yesterday. He ___ ill. A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. might have been. CHUYÊN ĐỀ 8: MỆNH ĐÊ QUAN HỆ & RÚT GỌN Phần lý thuyết: Mệnh đề quan hệ cịn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (adjective clause) vì nĩ được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nĩ. Mệnh đề này được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ Who, Whom, Which, Whose, That hoặc các phĩ từ quan hệ như When, Where, Why. 1. Cách dùng: 60
61. * Who: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nĩ. VD: The women ___ lives next door is very friendly. * Whom: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nĩ. Cĩ khi người ta dùng Who thay cho Whom. VD: The man ___ you saw yesterday is my uncle. * Which: Đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ con vật, đồ vật làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nĩ. VD: The book ___ has some wonderful pictures is about Africa. * That: Đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người, vật, đồ vật dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which, trong mệnh đề quan hệ thuộc loại Restrictive clauses (mệnh đề hạn định). VD: The book ___you lent me is interesting. This is the man ___ I met in Paris last month.  Lưu ý: - That được dùng khi danh từ trước nĩ chỉ cả người, vật. VD: I can see a girl and her dog ___ are running in the park. - “THAT” KHƠNG bao giờ được dùng SAU DẤU PHẨY, SAU GIỚI TỪ,. Nếu Who, Whom, Which, That làm tân ngữ thì ta cĩ thể bỏ đi. VD: She’s the person who(m) I met at the party. She ’s the person I met at the party. Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought? * Whose: thay cho tính từ sở hữu trước danh từ (HER / HIS / THEIR / ITS + DANH TỪ) VD: I’ve got a friend ___ brother is an actor. John found a cat ___ leg was broken. * When: Phĩ từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian dùng để thay thế cho (at/on/in) which, then. VD: I’ll never forget the day ___I met her. That was the time ___he managed the company. 61
62. * Where: Phĩ từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn dùng để thay cho (at/on/in) which, there. VD: I went to the office ___my father works. Dalat is the place ___I like to come. * Why: Phĩ từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lí do dùng để thay cho “the reason”. VD: I don’t understand the reason ___ he was late. * Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ (Reduced form of relative clauses) 1. Dạng 1: N + who /which / that + be + Ving => .N + Ving . (bỏ who /which / that + be ) VD: The man who is talking to you is my uncle. => The man ___to you is my uncle (bỏ who is) 2. Dạng 2: N + who /which/which + V => N + Ving . (bỏ who/which/that) VD: The path which leads to my village is very muddy. => The path ___to my village (bỏ which ) 3. Dạng 3: 3 3 N + who/which/that + be + V ed => N + V ed (bỏ who/which/that + be) VD: The book which was written by Jack London was very interesting => The book ___ by Jack London 4. Dạng 4: the first /second / last + N+ who/which/that + V => the first/second N + to Vo the only /best . VD: She was the last candidate who was interviewed last Sunday => She was the last candidate ___interviewed Phần bài tập: Dạng 1: Điền đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ. 62
63. Trong dạng này, tiến hành theo các bước sau: + Nhận dạng danh từ trước khoảng trống là N(người) hay N(vật), N(nơi chốn) hay N(tg) + Tìm đại từ, trạng từ quan hệ phù hợp với chức năng của nĩ: 1, N(người) _who /that_ V ; N(người) , _who__ V 2, N(người) _whom / that_ S + V ; N(người) , _whom_ S + V 3, N(vật) _which /that_ S + V / V ; N(vật) , _which_ S + V / V 4, N(người) + N(vật) _that_ 5, N(người) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) __whom__ 6, N(vật) + giới từ (in / on / about / with / to ) __which__ 7, N _whose_ N + V ; N _whose_ N + be ; N _whose_ N + S + V Danh từ này khơng cĩ “a/an/the/her/his/their” 8, N(nơi chốn) _where_ S + V 9. N(tg) _when_ S + V 10. reason _why_ S + V Bài tập 1: Điền đại từ hoặc trạng từ quan hệ thích hợp vào ơ trống: 1. The street___leads to my school is very wide. 2. That man, ___name I didn’t remember, is an architect. 3. That was the reason___I couldn’t come early. 4. Do you know the girl___Tom is talking to? 5. The novel___you need can’t be found in the library. 6. Can you suggest the time___we can have another discussion about this problem. 7. Tell me the countries___people drive on the left. 8. Is there anyone___can help me do this? 9. Marie Curie, ___discovered radium, is one of the greatest in our time. 10. The hotel___we are looking at is the biggest in Ho Chi Minh city. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hồn thành những câu sau. 63
64. 1. The place ___ we spent our holiday was really beautiful. A. what B. who C. where D. which 2. The children, ___ parents work late, are taken home by bus. A. that B. whom C. whose D. their 3. He wanted to know the reason ___ I was late. A. as B. for C. because D. why 4. My uncle, ___ you met yesterday, is a lawyer. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 5. Dien Bien Phu is the place ___ our army won a resounding victory in 1954. A. where B. that C. what D. which 6. The man ___ we met yesterday was the manager of a bicycle factory. A. when B. whose C. who D. which 7. In our school library, there are several large tables ___ we can sit to read books. A. where B. that C. when D. which 8. Yesterday was the day ___ they celebrated their 21st wedding anniversary. A. when B. then C. what D. which 9. That’s the house ___ he used to stay. A. in which B. of which C. on which D. which 10. This house, ___ he bought in 1990, is being repaired at the moment. A. that B. which C. who D. what 11. The woman ___ son is studying at Hanoi University of Technology is a teacher. A. whose B. what C. whom D. which 12. The boy ___ eyes are brown is my friend. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 13. He never talks about the people ___ he has helped. A. by whom B. whom C. which D. whose 64
65. 14. This school is only for children ___ first language is not English. A. of whom B. whose C. who is D. who 15. Mrs. John, ___ son won the championship last year lives next door to us. A. whose B. what C. which D. who Dạng 2: Ghép câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ, trạng từ quan hệ: Trong dạng này, nên dùng phương pháp loại trừ những đáp án khơng đúng dựa vào: + Dùng đại từ quan hệ thì phải bỏ những từ mà nĩ đã thay thế phía sau + Dùng đại từ quan hệ sai. + Trường hợp cĩ giới từ và dấu phẩy. + Sự hịa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ Lưu ý: Cần xem lại cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ mà thầy đã dạy ở những tiết trước và hình thức bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi nĩ là túc từ trong câu Chọn từ, cụm từ thích hợp để hồn thành những câu sau: 1. He is the person ___ A. from who I bought this old car B. which I bought this old car from C. from that I bought this old car D. from whom I bought this old car 2. An architect is someone ___. A. that design buildings B. who designs buildings C. whose designs buildings D. which designs buildings 3. The girl ___ is now in hospital A. whom injured in the accident B. was injured in the accident C. who was injured in the accident D. that she was injured in the accident 4. The man ___ was on holiday. A. I wanted to see B. whom I wanted to see him C. I wanted to see him D. who wanted to see 65
66. 5. Do you know the girl ___ A. to who Tom is talking B. whom Tom is talking C. Tom is talking D. to whom Tom is talking 6. I haven’t got a passport, ___. A. that means I can’t leave the country B. it means I can’t leave the country B. which means I can’t leave the country D. who means I can’t leave the country 7. The girl ___ is Australian. A. is talking to Tom B. talking to Tom C. who talk to Tom D. to talk to Tom 8. None of the people ___ could come. A. was invited to the party B. were invited to the party C. who invited to the party D. invited to the party 9. An orphan is a child ___. A. who parents died B. whose parents are dead C. that parents are dead D. his parents are dead 10. The hotel ___ was very clean. A. we stayed B. which we stayed C. in that we stayed D. where we stayed CHUYÊN ĐỀ 9: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ LÍ DO Phần lý thuyết: 66
67. 1. Clauses of reason: (Mệnh đề chỉ lí do) Mệnh đề chỉ lí do là mệnh đề phụ mang nghĩa BỞI VÌ. Mệnh đề chỉ lí do thường được nối với các mệnh đề chính bởi các liên từ (conjunction) như: Because, Since, As (Since và As thường đặt ở đầu câu). Cấu trúc: Because/Since/As + S + V VD: She didn’t go to class yesterday because she was seriously ill. Since/As she was seriously ill, she didn’t go to class yesterday. 2. Phrases of reason: (Cụm từ chỉ lí do) Cụm từ chỉ lí do cũng cĩ nghĩa là BỞI VÌ, và thường bắt đầu bằng từ because of là cụm giới từ (prepositional phrase), vì vậy sau nĩ là danh từ (noun), cụm danh từ (noun phrase) hoặc cụm danh động từ (gerund phrase). Cấu trúc: because of / due to /owning to / on account of + Noun / Noun phrase / Ving VD: The class was not in order because of the teacher’s absence. She didn’t go to class yesterday because of her serious illness. She didn’t go to class yesterday because of being seriously ill. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hồn thành những câu sau, sử dụng “BECAUSE” hoặc “BECAUSE OF” 1. The car crashed ___ the driver was careless. 2. He walked slowly ___ his hurt leg 3. We didn’t go out ___ it rained heavily. 4. She went to bed early ___ she felt tired. 5. I can’t sleep ___ the hot weather. 6. He retired last month ___ his illness. 7. They stayed at home ___ it rained. 67
68. 8. The boy was punished ___ his bad behavior. Bài tập 3: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất 1. We couldn’t sleep last night___the noise next door. A. although B. since C. because D. because of 2. I did it___they asked me to. A. so B. because C. because of D. the reason 3. Daisy was late___her car was broken down. A. because B. because of C. if D. whether 4. ___he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle. A. because B. as C. since D. all are correct 5. They were sacked___their carelessness. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 6. The boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 7. The mother got angry because___. A. her son’s bad behaviour B. her son will behave badly C. her son behaved badly D. her son bad behaing 8. He lost his job___his laziness. A. because B. because of C. if D. although CHUYÊN ĐỀ 10: MỆNH ĐỀ VÀ CỤM TỪ CHỈ SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN Phần lý thuyết: 68
69. 1. Clauses of concession: (Mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản) + Mệnh đề trạng ngữ mang nghĩa: MẶC DÙ. Mệnh đề này thường bắt đầu bằng những từ nối như Although, Even though, No matter, Whatever Cấu trúc: Although A. Though + S + V Even though VD: (Al)though I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest. She went on walking (al)though she was terribly tired. Even though I didn’t understand the words, I knew what he wanted. (Even though dùng đễ nhấn mạnh sự tương phản) B. No matter + who/what/when/where/why/how (adj/adv) + S + V Whatever + (N) + S + V Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng “No matter” hoặc “Whatever” thường được đặt trước mệnh đề chính để nhấn mạnh. VD: Whatever exercises she had taken, she was still fat. No matter what she says, I don’t believe her. 2. Phrases of concession: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ): Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được bắt đầu bằng “In spite of” hoặc “Despite” Cấu trúc: In spite of + N/N. phrase/Gerund phrase 69 Despite
70. VD: Despite his sickness, he still had to go to school. We went out in spite of the rain. Lưu ý: DESPITE khơng cĩ OF theo sau. Phần bài tập: Hồn thành câu sau với “because (of)” ; “(al)though/even though /despite/ in spite of”. 1. ___ he worked hard, he didn’t receive any praise. 2. He ate the chocolate cake ___ he is on diet. 3. ___ the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies every Saturday. 4. ___ it was cold, I went aout. 5. ___ John didn’t study hard, he succeeded. 6. We took many picture ___ the cloudy sky. 7. ___ her poor memory, the old woman told interesting stories to the children. 8. She went home early ___ she didn’t feel well. 9. I couldn’t get to sleep ___ the noise. 10. The students arrived late___the traffic jam. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất: 1. ___ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 2. ___, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 3. She left him ___ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 70
71. 4. ___ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. Because B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of 5. ___ they are twin brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Because of C. Because D. In spite of 6. Julie failed the exam ___ of working very hard. A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though 7. She walked home by herself ___ she knew that it was dangerous. A. if B. though C. because D. which 8. ___ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 9. She left him ___ she still loved him. A. in spite B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 10. He refused to give up work, ___ he’s won a million pounds. A. despite B. however C. even though D. as though CHUYÊN ĐỀ 11: MỆNH ĐỀ & CỤM TỪ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH Phần lý thuyết: 1. Phrases of purpose: (Cụm từ chỉ mục đích) mang nghĩa ĐỂ + Nếu trong câu chỉ cĩ một chủ ngữ, ta cĩ thể dùng một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng: - to - in order to + V0 . - so as to VD: She studies English. She wants to talk to foreigners. to talk to foreigners. 71
72. She studies English in order to talk to foreigners. so as to talk to foreigners. + Nếu phủ định mục đích thì dùng cụm từ: mang nghĩa ĐỂ KHƠNG in order not to so as not to + V0 VD: He got up early. He didn’t want to miss the train. He gop up early in order not to miss the train. so as not to miss the train. 2. Clause of purpose: (mệnh đề chỉ mục đích) + Nếu trong câu cĩ 2 chủ ngữ khác nhau, ta phải dùng mệnh đề chỉ mục đích bắt đầu bằng: so that, in order that - ĐỂ (KHƠNG) so that + S + V (can/could) + (not) + V0 in order that (will/would) VD: I try my best to study English, I want to find a better joB. I try my best to study English so that I can find a better joB. She hurried. She didn’t want to miss the bus. She hurried so that she wouldn’t miss the bus. He spoke loudly. He wanted everybody to hear him. He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Hồn thành những câu sau sử dụng cụm từ hay mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. 1. He climbed the tree ___ get a better view. 2. You should get up early ___ you will have time to review your lesson. 3. Some young people like to earn their own living ___ they will be independent of their parents. 72
73. 4. We should do morning exercises regularly ___ improve our health. 5. We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world ___ we can develop our national economy. 6. Every people in the world must unite their efforts ___ maintain and protect peace. 7. She put on warm clothes ___ she wouldn’t catch cold. 8. He hurried to the station ___ miss the train. 9. She locked the door ___ be disturbed. 10. He hurried ___ he could catch the train. Bài tập 2: Chọn từ hoặc cụm từ thích hợp để hồn thành những câu sau. 1. We have to start early ___ we won’t be late. A. so that B. that C. because D. because of 2. He worked hard ___ they could pass the final examination. A. since B. because C. in case D. so that 3. He took his seat quietly ___ A. so as not to disturb their conversation B. so as to disturb their conversation C. in order not disturb their conversation D. in order for him not to disturb their conversation 4. He was looking for an eraser ___ he could erase a mistake in his composition. A. because B. therefore C. so that D. however 5. We have studied hard ___ we will be well prepared for the examination. A. because B. since C. so that D. in case 73
74. CHUYÊN ĐÊ 12: MỆNH ĐỀ, CỤM TỪ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ Phần lý thuyết: 1. Quá nên khơng thể too + ADJ /ADV+ (for O) to V Ex: He is too short to play basketball. 2. Đủ để ADJ / ADV+ enough + (for O) to V . Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car. 3. Quá nên S + be + so + ADJ/ADV + that + S + V S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V . Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it. It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it. S + V + so + many / few + N số nhiều + that + S + V S + V + so + much / little + N khơng đếm được + that + S + V S + V + so + adj + a + N số ít + that + S + V Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team. He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now. It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors. (= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.) 74
75. Phần bài tập: Bài tập : Chọn câu trả lời đúng 1. Peter studies hard ___pass the exam. A. less B. so that C. to D. in order that 2. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself ___its enemies cannot find it. A. so that B. because C. therefore D. due to 3. He felt ill, ___he went to bed early. A. and B. But C.Or D. so 4. We couldn’t sleep last night___the noise next door. A. although B. since C. because D. because of 5. I did it___they asked me to. A. so B. because C. because of D. the reason 6. We decided to join the English speaking club ___ improve our English. A. so that B. so to C. in order D. to 7. These boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. even though D. in spite of 8. ___ I tried, I could not finish my essay on time. A. No matter hard B. No matter how hardC. No matter harder D. No matter what hard 9. She worked hard ___ everything would be ready by 6 o’clock. A. that B. for C. in order that D. so as to 10. He gave me his address ___me to visit. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 11. She got up early ___ miss the bus. A. in order that B. so that C. not to D. for 12. It was raining ___I couldn’t go outside,. A. because B. So hard that C. so that D. too hard that 75
76. 13. My mouth is burning! This is ___ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. Very D. too 14. Skiing is a popular American sport, ___ quite expensive. A. however it is B. even though it is C. despite its D. it is 15. Some fish can survive in salt water, ___ other species can live only in fresh water. A. where B. as long as C. whereas D. since 16. ___ people to work together effectively, they need to be sensitive to each other’s needs. A. In order to B. In order that C. In order for D. So that 17. Last Sunday was ___ that we decided to go on a picnic. A. so beautiful a day B. such beautiful a day C. such beautiful day D. so beautiful day 18. The Vietnamese students have to take an entrance exam ___. A. in order that they should go to a college or university B. for going to a college anduniversity C. so as go to a college or university D. so that they can go to a college or university 19. ___, many animals can still survive and thrive there. A. Being severe weather conditions in the desert B. Although the weather conditions in the desert are severe C. The weather conditions in the desert to be severe D. Even though the weather conditions in the desert severe 20. Mr. Thompson is learning Vietnamese ___ to read Kim Van Kieu. A. so that not B. so as to C. in order not to D. so as not to 21. They hurried ___ catch the train. A. to not B. as not to C. in order that not D. To 22. We learn English ___ we will have better communication with other people. A. so that B. in order for C. in order to D. in case 23. There is ___noise that I can hear nothing A. so many B. such C. so much D. so 24. My mouth is burning! This is ___spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it. A. such B. so C. very D. too 25. There are ___ planets in the universe that we can’t count them. A. so much B. such C. so many D. so 76
77. 26. He was ___ tired that he slept all days. A. such B. too C. so D. very 27. They were ___busy studying ___ they couldn’t go to the restaurant with us. A. so – that B. such – that C. very – that D. too - that 28. The runners are ___exhausted that none of them finished the race. A. too B. such C. enough D. so 29. It was ___ a difficult question that I couldn’t answer it. A. so B. such C. too D. very 30. It was ___ a boring speech that I fell asleep. A. such B. so C. much D. too 31. Daisy was late___her car was broken down. A. because B. because of C. if D. whether 32. ___he can’t afford a car, he goes to work by bicycle. A. because B. as C. since D. all are correct 33. They were sacked___their carelessness. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 34. The boys were punished___they went to school late. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 35. The mother got angry because___. A. her son’s bad behaviour B. her son will behave badly C. her son behaved badly D. her son bad behaing 36. He lost his job___his laziness. A. because B. because of C. if D. although 37. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so baD. A. The weather was so bad but we went out. B. If the weather were fine, we could go out. C. Whatever weather we had, we couldn’t go out. D. We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather. 77
78. 38. We’ll never give in___they may do or say. A. although that B. no matter how C. despite D. whatever 39. ___my father is old, he still goes jogging. A. Although B. Since C. Despite D. In spite of 40. ___the rain, we postpone our picnic. A. Because B. Because of C. Though D. In spite of 41.He refused to give up work___he’d won a million pounds. A. despite B. as though C. even though D. however 42. ___is was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat. A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although 43. ___the wet weather, the football match went ahead. A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. However 44. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. A. Rich like she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. C. As rich she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. D. As she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. 45. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking. A. Although we felt cold, we kept walking B. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking C. Cold as we felt, we kept alking D. both a and c are correct 46. Although he took a taxi, Tom still arrived late for the concert. A. Tom arrived late for the concert because he took a taxi. B. Tom arrived late for the concert because of the taxi. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Tom arrived late for the concert. D. Although Tom took a taxi, he can’t come to the concert in time. 47. I’ll find that man no matter how long it takes. A. It takes me a long time to find that man. 78
79. B. However long it may take, I’ll find that man. C. I can’t find that man because it will take a long time. D. Although it took a long time, I could find that man. 48. ___I meet her, she always wears a blue dress. A. Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. Whenever 49. ___comes, don’t open the door. A. No matter what B. No matter who C. No matter how D. No matter whom 50. We can not see the road___the fog. A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: SO SÁNH Phần lý thuyết: 1. So sánh căn bản: Adjs or So sánh bằng So sánh hơn So sánh nhất advs Ngắn Dài 2. So sánh kép: Hình thức Nghĩa Ví dụ 79
80. 1. The + SS hơn (khơng THAN) + S + V, Càng . The hotter it is, the more the + SS hơn(khơng THAN) + càng miserable I feel. S + V 2. Ngắn: adj - ER AND adj - ER Betty is younger and younger Càng Dài: MORE and MORE + adj ngày The food is more and more expensive *Lưu ý: - Các tính từ và trạng từ bất bi tắc: SS bằng SS hơn SS nhất As good/ well as As bad/ badly as As many/ much as As little as As far as Ex: She studies (well) than her friend. She studies ___ her friend. - Tính từ ngắn là tính từ cĩ 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là -y, -et, -er, -le, -ow Ex: happy, quiet, clever, gentle, narrow - Các trạng từ hai vần tận cùng _LY được xem như trạng từ dài (trừ early) - Các tính từ tận cùng _ED; _ING được xem như tính từ dài Phần bài tập: Bài tập : Chọn câu trả lời đúng. 1. She considers him ___ person that she has ever met. A. most attractive B. more attractive than C. as attractive D. the most attractive 2. The ___ I got to know you, the ___ I understand you A. most; least B. more; less C. much; little D. most; less 3. Lan is the ___ of the three brothers. Tan is his ___ brother. 80
81. A. younger; older B. youngest; older C. younger; eldest D. youngest ; eldest 4. The ___ the speech, the ___ the people got. A. longer; more sleepy B. longest; sleepy C. long; most sleepy D. longest; most sleepy. 5. The teacher said that I had done my work ___ than anyone else in class. A. worse B. bad C. worst D. as bad 6. Maria is ___ than her sister. A. much pretty B. more pretty C. much more pretty D. prettier. 7. The president is ___ than he looks . A. little nervous B. more nervous C. as nervous D. most nervous 8. The economic conditions today are___ they were in the past. A. the best than B. much better C. much more good D. much better than 9. That was ___ delicious meal I’ve ever had for a long time. A. the most B. the more C. the less D. the little 10. Jim didn’t do ___ in his examination as he has hoped. A . more well B. most well C. so well D. less well 11. The situation was much ___ than we expected. A. worse B. badder C. worst D. gooder 12. The ___ accident in the history of the city occurred last night on the Free way. A. worse B. badest C. worst D. most bad 13. He ran ___ than his friends. A. fast B. very faster C. more fast D. faster 14. Peter likes Mathematics ___ English. A. more B. more good than C. the most than D. better than. 15. Their house is ___ beautiful than mine. 81
82. A. as B. more C. much D. so CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14: TỪ NỐI & TỪ CHUYỂN TIẾP Phần lý thuyết: Trong dạng này, làm theo các bước sau: - Xác định dấu câu: + “SO, BUT” là liên từ, thường nằm ở câu II và sau dấu phẩy (,). + “HOWEVER, THEREFORE” là từ chuyển tiếp nên cĩ nhiều vị trí: đầu câu II (nhưng sau dấu chấm và trước dấu phẩy), cuối câu II và giữa câu II. - Xác định ngữ nghĩa của câu: + “SO & THEREFORE”: vì thế, vì vậy + “BUT & HOWEVER”: nhưng mà, tuy nhiên; “but = yet” Phần bài tập: Bài tập : Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. 1. It was late, ___ I decided to phone home. A. however B. but C. although D. because 2. Minh had a terrible headache. ___, he went to school. A. Therefore B. Although C. But D. However 3. Tom has a bike, ___ he always walks to work. A. so B. but C. because D. however 4. Her mother was sick. ___, Jane had to stay home to look after. A. Therefore B. Since C. However D. So 5. They asked me to wait for them, ___they didn’t turn up. A. but B. however C. so D. therefore 82
83. 6. It was raining hard. The match went ahead, ___ . A. therefore B. however C. but D. so 7. We couldn’t get a seat, ___ we arrived quite early. A. but B. however C. although D. because 8. Anne doesn’t get on well with people around her. She has ___ changed her job many times. A. however B. so C. therefore D. although 9. I did my best. ___, it was not good enough. A. However B. Therefore C. Although D. Even though 10. Many airlines are offering discount tickets for flights, ___ more people are flying for weekend trips to scenic cities. A. so B. because C. although D. whereas CHUYÊN ĐỀ 15: LỐI NĨI PHỤ HOẠ Phần lý thuyết: 1. Phụ hoạ khẳng định: Đi với TOO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + too S +V . (and) + S + do/does/did +too (and) + S + modals + too My sister is a doctor I am too (tơi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day She does too 83
84. I can sing He can too Đi với SO (mang nghĩa CŨNG VẬY nhưng cĩ đảo ngữ) (and) + so + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V . (and) + so + do/does/did +too + S (and) + so + modals + S My sister is a doctor So am I (tơi cũng vậy) I work two hours a day So does she I can sing So can he 2. Phụ hoạ phủ định: Đi với EITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHƠNG) (and) + S + am/is/are/ was /were + NOT + either S +V(NOT) . (and) + S + do/does/did +NOT + either (and) + S + modals + NOT + either My sister isn’t a nurse I am not either (tơi cũng khơng) I doesn’t work on sunday She doesn’t either I can’t dance He can’t either Đi với NEITHER (mang nghĩa CŨNG KHƠNG nhưng cĩ đảo ngữ, khơng cĩ NOT) (and) + neither + am/is/are/ was /were + S S +V(NOT) . (and) + neither + do/does/did +too + S (and) + neither + modals + S My sister isn’t a nurse Neither am I (tơi cũng khơng) 84
85. I doesn’t work on sunday Neither does she I can’t dance Neither can he Lưu ý: Trong câu cĩ chứa “NEVER, NO, RARELY.SELDOM. RARELY” => dùng phụ hoạ phủ định Phần bài tập: Bài tập : Chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. 1. She is a singer nor an actress. A. nor B. both C. neither D. either 2. My friend never makes noise in the class A. Nor I don’t B. Neither do I C. I never don’t D. I don’t too 3. His telephone doesn’t work and mine doesn’t A. too B. neither C. so D. either 4. I never like horror movies. - Really? A. Neither do I B. I don’t neither C. So do I D. I don’t, too 5. I haven’t got a ticket. have I. A. Neither B. Nor C. Either D. A&B are correct 6. Jane goes to school, and A. my sister does too B. does so my sister C. my sister does either D. .neither my sister 7. He has seen her plays, and so A. do the girls B. are the girls C. have the girls D. all are correct 8. Velazquez was a famous painter, and Rubens too. A. is B. will C. has D. was 9. Tom has never been on time, and A. his brother has too B. so is his brother C. his brother hasn’t either D. neither hasn’t his brother 10. They hardly do morning exercise and 85
86. A. we do either B. neither do we C. we do too D. so do we 11. He didn’t know the answer, and neither I A. was B. do C. did D. didn’t 12. She couldn’t attend the lecture, and her sister either A. didn’t B. could C. wasn’t D. couldn’t 13. Your class hasn’t begun yet, and neither mine. A. have B. has C. hasn’t D. haven’t 14. My father won’t come back next Sunday, and neither yours. A. will B. won’t C. does D. doesn’t CHUYÊN ĐỀ 16: MẠO TỪ Phần lý thuyết: a) Cách dùng A/ AN. * “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one). - “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher, - “A” được dùng trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng “u” nhưng phát âm là /ju:/ Ví dụ : a university, a uniform , - “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i). Ví dụ: - an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job, => “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là khơng chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào. Ví dụ: - There was a big tree in the garden. 86
87. - “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp. Ví dụ: - My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife. b) Cách dùng “The” - “The” – cĩ thể dùng trước một danh từ khơng đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều: the water, the pollution, the child, - “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nĩi và người nghe đều biết. Ví dụ: - Please! Turn down the television. - “The” – được dùng với danh từ cĩ ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên khơng thể nhầm lẫn). Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President, - “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhĩm người. (Unit 4) Ví dụ: - The poor, the old, the homeless, - “The” – dùng trước tên sơng, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo. Ví dụ: - Sơng: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi, - Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean, - Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal, - Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps, - Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands, * Chú ý: Khơng dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi, một hịn đảo. Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand, - Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi, - Châu lục: Asia, Europe, - Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji, - Một hịn đảo: Phu quoc Island, - “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đĩ gồm một tập hợp nhiều từ, hoặc cĩ ý nghĩa số nhiều. Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic, 87
88. - “The” được dùng trong câu so sánh nhất Ví dụ : He is the best student in my class. c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”. Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đĩ lần đầu, nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đĩ lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”. Ví dụ: - I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning. - The man was blind and the dog was leading him. Phần bài tập: Bài tập 1: Điền vào chổ trống với mạo từ (a/ an / the) hoặc bỏ trống. 1. How far is it from here to ___ airport? 2. “What’s ___ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”. 3. My father works in ___ office ___ city center. 4. ___ earth is ___ planet of ___ solar system. 5. She was born in ___ village in ___ north of England. 6. ___ village where she was born has ___ beautiful river. 7. Who is ___ best singer in ___ United Kingdom? 8. Can you switch off ___ television? Nobody’s watching it. 9. He felt bored with ___ woman who sat beside him at the party. 10. The ship was crossing ___ Atlantic Ocean when it hit ___ huge iceberg. 11. Mount Everest is ___ hightest mountain in ___ world. 12. ___ Mississppi River flows through several states of ___ United States. 13. My grandparents live in ___ old house in ___ south of Dong Nai provice. There is ___ large garden behind ___ house. They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in ___ garden. 14. There was ___ accident near my house this morning. ___ taxi crashed into ___ lamp post. ___ taxi was damaged, but ___ driver of ___ taxi was not hurt. 15. This morning I had ___ sandwich and ___ cup of coffee for breakfast. ___ sandwich was OK, but ___ coffee was terrible. 16. Miss Lin speaks ___ Chinese. 88
89. 17. Eli likes to play ___ volleyball. 18. My daughter is learning to play ___ guitar at her school. 19. Can anyone give me ___ hand, please because I have just fallen over? 20. Please meet me at the train station in ___ hour from now. Bài tập 2: Chọn câu trả lời đúng: 1. Hanoi is ___ capital of Vietnam. A. an B. a C. the D. one 2. He doesn’t have ___ experience of working in an office. A. much B. some C. an D. the 3. I studied chemistry at ___ university. A. the B. a C. an D. any 4. I’ll have ___ bath as soon as I get home. A. a B. the C. an D. one 5. He has just bought ___ expensive furniture. A. an B. some C. the D. a few 6. What did you have for ___ breakfast ? A. the B. no article C. an D. a 7. Can you play ___ piano ? A. a B. an C. the D. one 8. If at all possible, try to communicate frequently with native speaker. It is ___ most ideal situation to learn a foreign language. A. a B an C. the D. one 9. ___ Amazon rain forest is considered to be one of the most important ecological environments in the world. A. A B. An C. The D. One of 10. He has lived in ___ United Kingdom. A. a B. an C. The D. no article 11. I’ll give you ___ call when I arrive 89
90. A. a B. an C. the D. a few 12. The reading table is in ___ middle of ___ room A. the / the B. a / the` C. the / a D. a / a 13. ___ umbrella should not be used during ___ thunderstorm. A. A/ a B. An / a C. The / a D. An / the 14. It was ___ exciting football that everybody was absorbed in it. A. a B. an C. the D. one 15. I’ll call you back in ___ hour. A. a B. an C. the D. a few CHUYÊN ĐỀ 17: SỰ HỒ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ I. Phần lý thuyết: 1. Danh từ (NOUN) a. Danh từ số ít (Singular Noun) - Danh từ khơng đếm được (uncountable noun) Ex: food, milk, sugar, salt, fruit - Danh từ theo sau A/ AN (khơng ở hình thức số nhiều) Ex: a book, a box, an apples b. Danh từ số nhiều (Plural Noun) - Danh từ tận cùng là _S / _ES Ex: books, boxes, apples, c. Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều: N (số ít) + S/ES N(số nhiều) *Những danh những danh từ bất quy tắc cần nhớ singular plural child children man men 90
91. woman women bacterium bacteria ox oxen person people -Danh từ số nhiều nhưng hình thức số ít:: Ex: the police, children, women, cattle - Danh từ số ít nhưng luơn cĩ S: 1. Bệnh: measles (sởi), mumps (quai bị), rickets (cịi xương), SARS, AIDS 2. Mơn học: Mathematics, Physics, 3. Thể thao: Gymnastics, billiars, . 4. Quốc gia: The United States, The Phillipines 5. Tổ chức: The United Nations 2. Sự hịa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ (Subject and verb agreement) * Quy tắc chung Ssố ít+ Vsố ít Ex: The student is learning English. The worker works very well. Ssố nhiều + Vsố nhiều Ex: The students are learning English. The workers work very well. *Các dạng đặc biệt: 1. S1 + and + S2 + V (số nhiều) Ex: He and his friends are good students. John and I are going to play tennis. 2. 91
92. with / together with S1 + along with / as well as + S2 + V (theo S1) accompanied by Ex: The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight. 3. Either or Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (theo S 2) Not only but also Ex: Either you or I am wrong Neither Tom’s parents nor his teacher is satisfied with his progress. 4. Every Noun (singular) Each + + V (số ít) Either Neither of + Noun (plural) Ex: Every child has a toy. Each job needs patience. Each of the patients is examined every day. 5. Every / some Any / no + one / body / thing + V (số ít) Ex: Everyone is ready. 6. A number of + Noun (plural) + V (số nhiều) The number of + Noun (plural) + V (số ít) Ex: A number of the applicants have already been interviewed. The number of days in a week is seven. 92
93. 7. S (N + preposition phrase) + V(theo danh từ) Ex: The study of languages is very interesting. 8. Gerund (as Subject) + V (số ít) Ex: Writing many letters makes her happy. 9. There + be + N (chia theo danh từ) Ex: There are 28 students in my class. Phần bài tập: Chọn đáp án đúng hồn thành những câu sau. 1. Each of you responsible for this. A. are B. being C. is D. be 2. Bill together with his brothers to the beach every morning. A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 3. Either the monitor or the athletes to blame for the bad result. A. be B. are C. is D. to be 4. Everyone with me about my plans. A. agree B. agreeing C. disagree D. agrees 5. Tim as well as his relatives safe from the hurricane. A. be B. is C. are D. being 6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment announced on TV last night. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Fifty minutes the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. A. is B. be C. are D. were 8. The cost of living over 10% in the last few years. A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. is rising 9. A number of sheep eating grass now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. Measles sometimes a serious disease. 93
94. A. is B. are C. being D. be 11. Making cakes and pies Mrs. Reed’s specialty. A. are B. were C. is D. be 12. Plenty of milk consumed everyday. A. are B. were C. is D. was 13. SARS an epidemic that kills many people in china. A. are B. were C. have been D. is 14. The United States between Canada and Mexico. A. lying B. lies C. lain D. lie 15.The students in the next classroom very loudly everyday. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. talks CHUYÊN ĐỀ 18: HÌNH THỨC CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ Phần lý thuyết: I. THE INFINITIVE (TO V) 1. *Verb +To V: Agree arrange attempt ask decide demand determine desire expect fail help hope intend learn manage mean need offer plan prepare pretend promise propose refuse seem tend want wish Would like Ex: He doesn’t want to know. 2. Sau một số từ để hỏi: I don’t know how to use this computer. I don’t know what to do 94
95. 3. *Verb +O +To V: Advise allow ask enable encourage expect invite order permit request tell want warn wish Ex: He advised me to leave here early. II. GERUND: ( V-ing / not V-ing) 1. *Verb + V-ing / not V-ing Admit appreciate avoid can’t help consider delay deny detest enjoy finish keep imagine mind hate miss mention postpone practise prevent escape quit resent resist risk suggest understand dislike Prefer Ex: We enjoy playing football. 2. Những thành ngữ với”go+V-ing”: Go camping (đi cắm trại) go shopping(đi mua sắm) go swimming Go dancing (đi khiêu vũ) go fishing (đi câu cá) 3. Preposition+gerund(giới từ + V-ing): Interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apolosize for(xin lỗi về) Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nĩi về) instea of (thay vì) Fond of (thich) , look forward to (trơng mong ) thank sb for (cám ơn ai về ), prevent from 4. Những thành ngữ với gerund (expressions+gerund): -can’t help -can’t bear, can’t stand (khơng thể chịu được) 95