Đề thi thử THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh lần 2 - Mã đề 201 - Năm học 2018-2019

Nội dung text: Đề thi thử THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh lần 2 - Mã đề 201 - Năm học 2018-2019

1. SỞ GD – ĐT ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 2 – LỚP 12 TRƯỜNG THPT NĂM HỌC 2018-2019 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH (Đề thi có 04 trang) Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút , không kể thời gian phát đề Mã đề thi 201 Name: Index number: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions. Question 1: A.cleanB. teammateC. tea D. overhead Question 2: A. cookedB. laughedC. producedD. studied Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose stress is placed differently from that of the others in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. attend B. appear C. anthem D. apply Question 4: A. particular B. economy C. communicate D. unemployment Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: My student practises ___ English with her friends every day. A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking D. speak Question 6: Personal appearance can make a good ___ on the interview. A. arrangement B. appointmentC. impressionD. decision Question 7: The boys broke a window when they football. A. played B. were playing C. has played D. are playing Question 8: I will lend them some money If they .me . A.ask B.will ask C.asked D.had asked Question 9: Minh has good guitar. He plays guitar very well. A.a/a B. the/the C. the/ a D. a/the Question 10: She didn’t put on her coat It was very cold A.even though B. despite C. because of D. because Question 11: he had won, he jumped up for joy. A. he had told B. having told C.on being told D. telling Question 12. She argues with me ___ almost everything. A. about B. of C. on D. for Question 13. As . a liar, he becomes angry. A. having called B. called C. is called D. calling Question 14: This director has ___ some famous films but I think this one is the best. A. done B. conducted C. made D. composed Question 15. Mai has passed the exam. We can see in her eyes. A.happy B. happiness C. happily D. unhappy Question 16: He’s a very ___ person because he can make other workers follow his advice. A. creative B. influential C. deciding D. effective Question 17: Don’t ___ to conclusions, we don’t yet know all the relevant facts. A. hurry B. jump C. rush D. run Question 18: Martha, Julia and Mark are 17, 19 and 20 years old ___. A. separately B. independently C. respectively D. respectfully Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 19. The guards were ordered to get to the king's room on the double. A. in a larger number B. very quickly C. on the second floor D. every two hours Question 20. Do you know that Jim has started painting as a hobby? A. taken on B. taken off C. taken up D. taken in Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 21. Nothing could efface the people’s memory of their former leader’s cruelty although many years had elapsed. A. broaden B. erase C. maintain D. prove Mã đề 201 Trang 1
2. Question 22. I’d like to pay some money into my bank account. A. put some money into B. withdraw some money from C. give some money out D. leave some money aside Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention. Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light. Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917. However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second World War that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many other to emit light , amplifying it to much higher powers. Question 23.The word ' intervention ' in line 3 could be replaced by . A. device B. influence C. need D. source Question 24. The word 'it' in line 4 refers to A. light bulb B. energy C. molecule D. atom Question 25. Which of the following statements best describes a laser? A. A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light B. An atom in a high-energy state C. A technique for destroying atoms or molecules D. An instrument for measuring light waves Question 26. According to the passage, Albert Einstein A. was the first person to use laser. B. was the first person to suggest the word laser. C. was the first person to mention the existence of stimulated emission. D. was the first person to publish a paper in 1917. Question 27. Although Einstein suggested stimulated emission in 1917, A. It wasn’t made dominant until after World War II. B. physicists didn’t think it would be much weaker. C. physicists thought it was unlikely to emit light. D. many physicists believed him. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 28. Lan bought an old computer. She now regrets it. A.Lan regrets not having bought an old computer. B. Lan wishes she hadn’t bought an old computer. C. If only Lan didn’t buy an old computer. D. Lan regrets to buy an old computer. Question 29. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. A. Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave. B. Not until they had to wait for twelve hours did their flight leave. C. Were they to wait for twelve hours, their flight would leave. D. Did they have to wait for twelve hours when their flight left Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 30. Jane cooked so many dishes for lunch. But It wasn’t necessary. A.Jane needn’t have cooked so many dishes for lunch. B. Jane couldn’t have cooked so many dishes for lunch C. Jane oughtn’t to have cooked so many dishes D. Jane might not have cooked so many dishes for lunch Question 31: The test we did last time was more difficult than this one. Mã đề 201 Trang 2
3. A. We did an easy test last time and a difficult one this time. B. This test is not as difficult as the one we did last time. C. This time we have to do the most difficult test of all. D. The test we have done this time is not difficult at all. Question 32: “What did you do last weekend, Tim?” Alice asked. A. Alice asked Tim what did he do last weekend. B. Alice asked Tim what he had done last weekend. C. Alice asked Tim what he had done the previous weekend. D. Alice asked Tim what had he done the previous weekend. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. In a small village in North Yorkshire, there is a big old farmhouse ___(33) three families live together. Alice and George and their three children, Joe and Pam and their two children, and Sue and her baby daughter. The adults divide up the work between them. George does the cooking, Joe and Sue do almost the housework. Pam looks after the shopping and ___(34) the repairs, and Alice takes care of the garden. Alice, George and Sue go out to work. Joe works at home ___(35) computer systems, and Pam, who is a painter, looks after the baby during the day. Two of the children go to school in the village, but the three oldest ones go by bus to the secondary school in the nearest town, ten miles away. The three families get ___(36) well, and enjoy their way of life. There are a few difficulties, of course. Their biggest worry at the moment is money- one of the cars needs replacing, and the roof needs some expensive repairs. But this isn't too serious- the bank has agreed to a loan, which they expect to be able to pay back in three years. And they all say they would much rather go on living in their old farmhouse ___(37) move to a luxury flat in a big city. Question 33: A. that B. where C. who D. which Question 34: A. does B. makes C. prepares D. fulfils Question 35: A. designs B. and design C. designing D. who designs Question 36: A. on B. off C. with D. in Question 37: A. then B. than C. to D. therefore Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 38. The British national anthem, calling “God Save the Queen”, was a traditional song in the 18th century. A B C D Question 39. My mother takes always responsibility for the household chores in my family A B C D Question 40. There were inconsiderate amounts of money wasted on large building projects. A B C D Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following questions. Question 41: Tom and Laura are talking about the new resort: Tom: “I think the new resort will ruin the environment.” Laura: “ ” A.I don’t think that’s a good idea. B. Don’t you think so? C. I quite agree. . D. Let’s go there. Question 42: John: “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” Mary: “ ” A.Me, too. B. It’s a pleasure. C. Very kind of your part. D. Yes,I’d love to. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to alleviate problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. Mã đề 201 Trang 3
4. During one spring break week, students at James Madison University in Virginia participated in 15 “alternative spring break” trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States, and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to help rebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for children living in a homless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand. They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining hiking trails and destroying invasive plant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots. Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work. (“Active Skills for Reading: Book 2” by Neil J.Anderson – Thompson) Question 43:How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break? A. Around 500,000B. Around 10,000C. Around 36,000D. Around 50,000 Question 44:The article is mainly about___. A. sleeping on the floor or camping in tents. B. alternative spring break trips. C. drinking problems among university students. D. spring break in Florida and Mexico. Question 45:The word “binge” in the second paragraph probably means___. A. having very little alcoholB. refusing to do something. C. studying for too longD. doing too much of something Question 46:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem that alternative spring break trips try to help solve? A. Alcoholism.B. Environmental damage. C. Poverty.D. Homelessness. Question 47:Which of the following gives the main idea of the third paragraph? A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane. B. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring break trips. C. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities. D. University students do many different types of work on alternative spring break trips. Question 48:The article implies that university students___. A. many take fewer alternative spring break trips in future. B. would prefer to wait until they have their degrees to start helping people. C. complain about accommodations on alternative spring break trips. D. spend more than $250 for traditional spring break trips. Question 49:The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to___. A. degreesB. projectsC. peopleD. students Question 50:Which of the following is mentioned as a reason for participating in alternative spring break trips? A. The hope of earning money. B. A personal opinion that people must help other people. C. A desire to travel to glamorous places. D. A wish to get away from family and friends -THE END- SỞ GD – ĐT NGHỆ AN ĐỀ THI THỬ THPT QUỐC GIA LẦN 2 – LỚP 12 TRƯỜNG THPT QUỲ HỢP 1 NĂM HỌC 2018-2019 ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH (Đề thi có 04 trang) Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút , không kể thời gian phát đề Mã đề 201 Trang 4
5. Mã đề thi 201 Name: Index number: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions. Question 1: A.cleanB. teammateC. tea D. overhead Question 2: A. cookedB. laughedC. producedD. studied Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose stress is placed differently from that of the others in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. attend B. appear C. anthem D. apply Question 4: A. particular B. economy C. communicate D. unemployment Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: My student practises ___ English with her friends every day. A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking D. speak Question 6: Personal appearance can make a good ___ on the interview. A. arrangement B. appointmentC. impressionD. decision Question 7: The boys broke a window when they football. A. played B. were playing C. has played D. are playing Question 8: I will lend them some money If they .me . A.ask B.will ask C.asked D.had asked Question 9: Minh has good guitar. He plays guitar very well. A.a/a B. the/the C. the/ a D. a/the Question 10: She didn’t put on her coat It was very cold A.even though B. despite C. because of D. because Question 11: he had won, he jumped up for joy. A. he had told B. having told C.on being told D. telling Question 12. She argues with me ___ almost everything. A. about B. of C. on D. for Question 13. As . a liar, he becomes angry. A. having called B. called C. is called D. calling Question 14: This director has ___ some famous films but I think this one is the best. A. done B. conducted C. made D. composed Question 15. Mai has passed the exam. We can see in her eyes. A.happy B. happiness C. happily D. unhappy Question 16: He’s a very ___ person because he can make other workers follow his advice. A. creative B. influential C. deciding D. effective Question 17: Don’t ___ to conclusions, we don’t yet know all the relevant facts. A. hurry B. jump C. rush D. run Question 18: Martha, Julia and Mark are 17, 19 and 20 years old ___. A. separately B. independently C. respectively D. respectfully Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 19. The guards were ordered to get to the king's room on the double. A. in a larger number B. very quickly C. on the second floor D. every two hours Question 20. Do you know that Jim has started painting as a hobby? A. taken on B. taken off C. taken up D. taken in Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 21. Nothing could efface the people’s memory of their former leader’s cruelty although many years had elapsed. A. broaden B. erase C. maintain D. prove Question 22. I’d like to pay some money into my bank account. A. put some money into B. withdraw some money from C. give some money out D. leave some money aside Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Mã đề 201 Trang 5
6. The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention. Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light. Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917. However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second World War that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many other to emit light , amplifying it to much higher powers. Question 23.The word ' intervention ' in line 3 could be replaced by . A. device B. influence C. need D. source Question 24. The word 'it' in line 4 refers to A. light bulb B. energy C. molecule D. atom Question 25. Which of the following statements best describes a laser? A. A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light B. An atom in a high-energy state C. A technique for destroying atoms or molecules D. An instrument for measuring light waves Question 26. According to the passage, Albert Einstein A. was the first person to use laser. B. was the first person to suggest the word laser. C. was the first person to mention the existence of stimulated emission. D. was the first person to publish a paper in 1917. Question 27. Although Einstein suggested stimulated emission in 1917, A. It wasn’t made dominant until after World War II. B. physicists didn’t think it would be much weaker. C. physicists thought it was unlikely to emit light. D. many physicists believed him. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 28. Lan bought an old computer. She now regrets it. A.Lan regrets not having bought an old computer. B. Lan wishes she hadn’t bought an old computer. C. If only Lan didn’t buy an old computer. D. Lan regrets to buy an old computer. Question 29. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. A. Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave. B. Not until they had to wait for twelve hours did their flight leave. C. Were they to wait for twelve hours, their flight would leave. D. Did they have to wait for twelve hours when their flight left Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 30. Jane cooked so many dishes for lunch. But It wasn’t necessary. A.Jane needn’t have cooked so many dishes for lunch B. Jane couldn’t have cooked so many dishes for lunch C. Jane oughtn’t to have cooked so many dishes D. Jane might not have cooked so many dishes for lunch Question 31: The test we did last time was more difficult than this one. A. We did an easy test last time and a difficult one this time. B. This test is not as difficult as the one we did last time. C. This time we have to do the most difficult test of all. D. The test we have done this time is not difficult at all. Mã đề 201 Trang 6
7. Question 32: “What did you do last weekend, Tim?” Alice asked. A. Alice asked Tim what did he do last weekend. B. Alice asked Tim what he had done last weekend. C. Alice asked Tim what he had done the previous weekend. D. Alice asked Tim what had he done the previous weekend. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. In a small village in North Yorkshire, there is a big old farmhouse ___(33) three families live together. Alice and George and their three children, Joe and Pam and their two children, and Sue and her baby daughter. The adults divide up the work between them. George does the cooking, Joe and Sue do almost the housework. Pam looks after the shopping and ___(34) the repairs, and Alice takes care of the garden. Alice, George and Sue go out to work. Joe works at home ___(35) computer systems, and Pam, who is a painter, looks after the baby during the day. Two of the children go to school in the village, but the three oldest ones go by bus to the secondary school in the nearest town, ten miles away. The three families get ___(36) well, and enjoy their way of life. There are a few difficulties, of course. Their biggest worry at the moment is money- one of the cars needs replacing, and the roof needs some expensive repairs. But this isn't too serious- the bank has agreed to a loan, which they expect to be able to pay back in three years. And they all say they would much rather go on living in their old farmhouse ___(37) move to a luxury flat in a big city. Question 33: A. that B. where C. who D. which Question 34: A. does B. makes C. prepares D. fulfils Question 35: A. designs B. and design C. designing D. who designs Question 36: A. on B. off C. with D. in Question 37: A. then B. than C. to D. therefore Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 38. The British national anthem, calling “God Save the Queen”, was a traditional song in the 18th century. ABCD Question 39. My mother takes always responsibility for the household chores in my family A B C D Question 40. There were inconsiderate amounts of money wasted on large building projects. A B C D Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following questions. Question 41: Tom and Laura are talking about the new resort: Tom: “I think the new resort will ruin the environment.” Laura: “ ” A.I don’t think that’s a good idea. B. Don’t you think so? C. I quite agree. . D. Let’s go there. Question 42: John: “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” Mary: “ ” A.Me, too. B. It’s a pleasure. C. Very kind of your part.D. Yes,I’d love to. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. For many American university students, the weeklong spring break holiday means an endless party on a sunny beach in Florida or Mexico. In Panama City Beach, Florida, a city with a permanent population of around 36,000, more than half a million university students arrive during the month of March to play and party, making it the number one spring break destination in the United States. A weeklong drinking binge is not for anyone, however, and a growing number of American university students have found a way to make spring break matter. For them, joining or leading a group of volunteers to travel locally or internationally and work to alleviate problems such as poverty, homelessness, or environmental damage makes spring break a unique learning experience that university students can feel good about. During one spring break week, students at James Madison University in Virginia participated in 15 “alternative spring break” trips to nearby states, three others to more distant parts of the United States, and five international trips. One group of JMU students traveled to Bogalusa, Louisiana, to help rebuild homes damaged by Hurricane Katrina. Another group traveled to Mississippi to organize creative activities for Mã đề 201 Trang 7
8. children living in a homless shelter. One group of students did go to Florida, but not to lie on the sand. They performed exhausting physical labor such as maintaining hiking trails and destroying invasive plant species that threaten the native Florida ecosystem. Students who participate in alternative spring break projects find them very rewarding. While most university students have to get their degrees before they can start helping people, student volunteers are able to help people now. On the other hand, the accommodations are far from glamorous. Students often sleep on the floor of a school or spend the week camping in tents. But students only pay around $250 for meals and transportation, which is much less than some of their peers spend to travel to more traditional spring break hotspots. Alternative spring break trips appear to be growing in popularity at universities across the United States. Students cite a number of reason for participating. Some appreciate the opportunity to socialize and meet new friends. Others want to exercise their beliefs about people’s obligation to serve humanity and make the world a better place whatever their reason, these students have discovered something that gives them rich rewards along with a break from school work. (“Active Skills for Reading: Book 2” by Neil J.Anderson – Thompson) Question 43:How many university students travel to Panama Beach City every March for spring break? A. Around 500,000B. Around 10,000C. Around 36,000D. Around 50,000 Question 44:The article is mainly about___. A. sleeping on the floor or camping in tents. B. alternative spring break trips. C. drinking problems among university students. D. spring break in Florida and Mexico. Question 45:The word “binge” in the second paragraph probably means___. A. having very little alcoholB. refusing to do something. C. studying for too longD. doing too much of something Question 46:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem that alternative spring break trips try to help solve? A. Alcoholism.B. Environmental damage. C. Poverty.D. Homelessness. Question 47:Which of the following gives the main idea of the third paragraph? A. One group of JMU students worked on homes damaged by a hurricane. B. Some students work to help the environment on alternative spring break trips. C. Children living in homeless shelters enjoy creative activities. D. University students do many different types of work on alternative spring break trips. Question 48:The article implies that university students___. A. many take fewer alternative spring break trips in future. B. would prefer to wait until they have their degrees to start helping people. C. complain about accommodations on alternative spring break trips. D. spend more than $250 for traditional spring break trips. Question 49:The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to___. A. degreesB. projectsC. peopleD. students Question 50:Which of the following is mentioned as a reason for participating in alternative spring break trips? A. The hope of earning money. B. A personal opinion that people must help other people. C. A desire to travel to glamorous places. D. A wish to get away from family and friends -THE END- Câu 43: Đáp án B Mã đề 201 Trang 8
9. Đoạn văn chủ yếu bàn về___. A. khảo cổ học và sự nghiên cứu các hiện vật cổ. B. một phương pháp xác định niên đại các cổ vật. C. các ứng dụng khác nhau cho cacbon. D. sự khác biệt giữa cacbon-14 và nitơ-14. Câu đầu tiên chính là câu giới thiệu chủ đề của bài: “Carbon dating can be used to estimate the age of any organic natural material; it has been used successfully in archeology to determine the age of ancient artifacts or fossils as well as in a variety of other fields” – (Phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon có thể được sử dụng để ước lượng tuổi của bất kì chất hữu cơ tự nhiên nào, nó được sử dụng thành công trong lĩnh vực khảo cổ học để xác định tuổi của các cổ vật, hóa thạch cổ cũng như là trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác). => Đoạn văn nói về phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon. Câu 44: Đáp án A Câu nào dưới đây KHÔNG ĐÚNG về carbon-14? A. Nó và nitơ luôn tồn tại với số lượng bằng nhau trong bất kỳ chất nào. B. Thời gian bán hủy của nó là hơn 5.000 năm. C. Nó có thể phân rã thành nitơ-14. D. Nó là chất phóng xạ. Các đáp án B, C, D có thông tin được tìm thấy trong bài. B + C- Dẫn chứng ở câu đầu đoạn 2: “Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,570 years, which means that after that number of years, half of the carbon- 14 atoms have decayed into nitrogen-14”- (Carbon-14 có thời gian bán hủy là 5,570 năm, có nghĩa là sau từng ấy năm, một nửa các nguyên tử carbon-14 đã bị phân hủy thành nitơ- 14). D- Dẫn chứng ở câu cuối đoạn 1: “Since a radioactive substance such as carbon-14 has a known half-life, [ ]” – (Bởi vì một chất phóng xạ thí dụ như carbon-14 có thời gian bán hủy như đã biết, [ ]) => Carbon-14 là một chất phóng xạ. => Còn lại đáp án A không đúng. Câu 45: Đáp án A Từ “it” ở đoạn 1 ám chỉ tới ___. A. phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon. B. tuổi. C. bất kỳ chất hữu cơ tự nhiên. D. khảo cổ học. “it” đứng đầu câu làm chủ ngữ nên ta đọc lên cả câu phía trên. Tạm dịch: “Carbon dating can be used to estimate the age of any organic natural material; it has been used successfully in archeology to determine the age of ancient artifacts or fossils as well as in a variety of other fields” – (Phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon có thể được sử dụng để ước lượng tuổi của bất kì chất hữu cơ tự nhiên nào, nó được sử dụng thành công trong lĩnh vực khảo cổ học để xác định tuổi của các cổ vật, hóa thạch cổ cũng như là trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác). => Dựa và ngữ cảnh của câu thì “it” chỉ có thể là ám chỉ cho “Carbon dating”. Câu 46: Đáp án C Câu hỏi từ vựng. Underlying (adj): cơ bản, cơ sở = C. serving as a basis for: làm cơ sở cho. Các đáp án còn lại: A. bên dưới. B. yêu cầu. D. đang được nghiên cứu qua. Tạm dịch: “The principle underlying the use of carbon dating is that carbon is a part of all living things on Earth”- (Nguyên tắc làm cơ sở tiền đề cho việc sử dụng phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon đó là carbon là một phần của tất cả các sinh vật sống trên trái đất). Câu 47: Đáp án C Câu hỏi từ vựng. Roughly (adv) = C. approximately (adv): xấp xỉ, khoảng chừng. Các đáp án còn lại: A. precisely (adv): chính xác. B. harshly (adv): khắc nghiệt. D. coarsely (adv): thô, không đúng cách. Mã đề 201 Trang 9
10. Tạm dịch: “If, for example, in a particular sample the amount of carbon-14 is roughly equivalent to the amount of nitrogen-14, [ ]”- (Thí dụ như, nếu trong một mẫu vật cụ thể lượng cacbon-14 tương đương với lượng nitơ-14, [ ]). Câu 48: Đáp án D Đoạn văn tiếp theo của đoạn trong bài có thể bàn về___. A. những chất nào là một phần của tất cả sự sống. B. làm thế nào cacbon-14 phân hủy thành nitơ-14. C. tại sao cacbon-14 lại có thời gian bán hủy dài như vậy. D. các phương pháp xác định niên đại khác. Đoạn văn nối tiếp theo sau sẽ có nội dụng liên quan và nối tiếp với đoạn cuối cùng của bài. Tạm dịch đoạn cuối: “Carbon dating cannot be used effectively in dating objects that are older than 80,000 years. When objects are that old, much of the carbon-14 has already decayed into nitrogen-14, and the molecule amount that is left doesn’t provide a reliable measurement of age. In the case of older objects, other age-dating methods are available, methods which use radioactive atoms with longer half-lives than carbon has” – (Phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon không thể được sử dụng có hiệu quả đối với cổ vật trên 80,000 tuổi. Đối với những cổ vật có tuổi đời như vậy, phần lớn carbon-14 đã hoàn toàn phân hủy thành nitơ-14, và lượng phân tử còn lại không đáng tin cậy để đo lường được độ tuổi. Trong trường hợp đối với những cổ vật có niên đại lâu hơn, những phương pháp xác định niên đại khác mới khả dụng, những phương pháp sử dụng các nguyên tử phóng xạ có thời gian bán hủy lâu hơn carbon). => Đối với những cổ vật có tuổi đời lâu hơn 80 000 tuổi, phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon không còn khả dụng => cần đến những phương pháp khác. Câu 49: Đáp án D Đoạn văn ngụ ý rằng___. A. phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng các-bon không được biết đến ngoài nghành khảo cổ học. B. hóa thạch không thể xác định được niên đại bằng cách sử dụng carbon-14. C. phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng các-bon không thể sử dụng trên vật có chứa ni-tơ. D. carbon-14 không có chu kỳ bán rã dài nhất được biết đến. Từ câu 48 ta suy ra vẫn còn có chất khác có chu kì bán rã dài hơn carbon-14 để xác định được niên đại của những cổ vật trên 80,000 tuổi. Câu 50: Đáp án A Có thể suy ra từ đoạn văn rằng nếu một vật có chứa nhiều các-bon 14 hơn ni-tơ 14, thì vật đó ___. A. không đến 5.570 năm tuổi B. quá lâu đời để có thể xác định được niên đại với carbon-14. C. chứa quá nhiều phóng xạ để được sử dụng bởi các nhà khảo cổ. D. trên 5.570 năm tuổi. Dựa vào đoạn 2: “Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,570 years, which means that after that number of years, half of the carbon- 14 atoms have decayed into nitrogen-14. It is the ratio of carbon-14 in that substance that indicates the age of the substance. If, for example, in a particular sample the amount of carbon-14 is roughly equivalent to the amount of nitrogen-14, this indicates that around half of the carbon-14 has decayed into nitrogen-14, and the sample is approximately 5,570 years old.”- (Carbon-14 có thời gian bán hủy là 5,570 năm, có nghĩa là sau từng ấy năm, một nửa các nguyên tử carbon-14 đã bị phân hủy thành nitơ-14. Chính tỷ lệ carbon-14 có trong chất đó cho thấy độ tuổi của nó. Thí dụ như, nếu trong một mẫu vật cụ thể lượng cacbon- 14 tương đương với lượng nitơ-14, điều đó chỉ ra rằng khoảng một nửa lượng carbon-14 đã phân hủy thành nitơ-14, và mẫu vật đó có niên đại khoảng 5,570 tuổi.). =>Nếu nếu một vật có chứa nhiều các-bon 14 hơn ni- tơ 14, thì chứng tỏ nó chưa hoàn tất chu kì bán hủy của mình kéo dài trong 5.570 năm => vật đó chưa tới 5.570 tuổi. Dịch bài Phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon có thể được sử dụng để ước lượng tuổi của bất kì chất hữu cơ tự nhiên nào, nó được sử dụng thành công trong lĩnh vực khảo cổ học để xác định tuổi của các cổ vật, hóa thạch cổ cũng như là trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác. Nguyên tắc làm cơ sở tiền đề cho việc sử dụng phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon đó là carbon là một phần của tất cả các sinh vật sống trên trái đất. Bởi vì một chất phóng xạ thí dụ như carbon-14 có thời gian bán hủy như đã biết, lượng carbon-14 còn lại trên một vật có thể được sử dụng để xác định tuổi của vật đó. Carbon-14 có thời gian bán hủy là 5,570 năm, có nghĩa là sau từng ấy năm, một nửa các nguyên tử carbon-14 đã bị phân hủy thành nitơ-14. Chính tỷ lệ carbon-14 có trong chất đó cho thấy độ tuổi của nó. Thí Mã đề 201 Trang 10
11. dụ như, nếu trong một mẫu vật cụ thể lượng cacbon-14 tương đương với lượng nitơ-14, điều đó chỉ ra rằng khoảng một nửa lượng carbon-14 đã phân hủy thành nitơ-14, và mẫu vật đó có niên đại khoảng 5,570 tuổi. Phương pháp xác định niên đại bằng carbon không thể được sử dụng có hiệu quả đối với cổ vật trên 80,000 tuổi. Đối với những cổ vật có tuổi đời như vậy, phần lớn carbon-14 đã hoàn toàn phân hủy thành nitơ-14, và lượng phân tử còn lại không đáng tin cậy để đo lường được độ tuổi. Trong trường hợp đối với những cổ vật có niên đại lâu hơn, những phương pháp xác định niên đại khác mới có khả dụng, những phương pháp sử dụng các nguyên tử phóng xạ có thời gian bán hủy lâu hơn carbon. Mã đề 201 Trang 11