Luyện thi IELTS - Vocabulary set 35: Public transport

Nội dung text: Luyện thi IELTS - Vocabulary set 35: Public transport

1. VOCABULARY SET 35: PUBLIC TRANSPORT Vocabulary: 1. albeit (conjunction): mặc dù 2. dedicated line (np): đường đi riêng 3. effective - ineffective (adj): hiệu quả - không hiệu quả 4. governmental spending (np): chi tiêu chính phủ 5. implement (v): thi hành, thực hiện 6. individual vehicle (np): phương tiện cá nhân 7. interrupt (v): làm gián đoạn 8. intersection (n): ngã tư, điểm giao nhau 9. means of transport (np): phương tiện đi lại 10. measure (n): biện pháp, tiêu chuẩn đánh giá 11. meet the demand (collocation): đáp ứng nhu cầu 12. mitigate (v): làm giảm bớt 13. persist (v): tiếp tục, dai dẳng 14. punctuality (n): đúng giờ 15. sustainable - unsustainable (adj) - sustainably (adv): bền vững - không bền vững - một cách bền vững 16. tackle (v): giải quyết 17. traffic congestion (collocation): nạn ách tắc giao thông 18. traffic intensity (np): mật độ giao thông Exercises: Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed. 1. intersection / line / the graph / mark / point / where / we / start / make / profit. 2. measure / design / improve / car safety. 3. senator / thoroughly / squelch / journalist / who / try / interrupt / him / his speech, (squelch: chấm dứt, làm (ai đó) im lặng) 4. cold weather / be likely / persist / throughout / week. 5. It / unclear / how / mitigate / effects / tourism / this island. Task 2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
2. 1. Anh ấy đã cố gắng, dù không thành công. 2. Số lượng album bán ra không phải lúc nào cũng là tiêu chuẩn đánh giá sự thành công của một ca sỹ. 3. Khác với tàu hỏa, tàu điện không có đường riêng mà chung đường với các phương tiện đi lại khác như ô tô, xe máy, xe đạp. 4. Sự gia tăng các phương tiện cá nhân càng làm nạn ách tắc giao thông trầm trọng thêm. 5. Để đáp ứng nhu cầu đi lại của người dân và giải quyết nạn ách tắc giao thông, chi tiêu của chính phủ cẩn được đầu tư vào việc nâng cấp hệ thống giao thông công cộng. Task 3: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases albeit (conjunction) measure (n) dedicated line (np) meet the demand (collocation) effective - ineffective mitigate (v) governmental spending persist (v) implement (v) punctuality (n) individual vehicle sustainable - unsustainable (adj) - sustainably (adv) interrupt (v) tackle (v) intersection (n) traffic congestion (collocation) means of transport (np) traffic intensity (np) Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion. The methods of 1 traffic congestion have become a heated topic of controversy. Some people argue that the construction of larger roads is the answer to the problem. However, I contend that such a solution is 2 in the long term, while the option to construct railways and subways is a far better 3 . There is a common fallacy that 4 on building larger roads could 5 address the problem of traffic congestion. An increase in road size could reduce the 6 in the short term, but larger roads also mean that citizens are encouraged to purchase more 7 . This leads to the fact that the roads, 8 larger, would soon be filled with intense traffic again. For instance, traffic jams returned to Shanghai's main streets not long after they were expanded in the early
3. 1990s. In brief, if this solution were 9 , traffic jams would still 10 in the long run. Rail and subway systems, however, could ensure that 11 is 12 . Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of people simultaneously and thus would 13 of a vast number of passengers. Moreover, trains do not have to gothrough 14 or traffic lights, and 15 ensure their travel is hardly 16 . In other words, trains are always on time regardless of the level of traffic. This standard of 17 would encourage many people to choose railways and subways as their primary 18 , and the number of individual vehicles would decreaseaccordingly. As a result, traffic congestion could be 19 . In conclusion, building more and larger roads is an 20 measure, while train and subway lines would be a much more effective solution for the problem of traffic congestion. 295 words, written by Tu Pham
4. Key: Task 1: 1. The intersection of the lines on the graph marks the point where we start to make a profit. 2. These measures were/have been/are designed to improve car safety. 3. The senator thoroughly squelched the journalist who tried to interrupt him during his speech. 4. The cold weather is likely to persist throughout the week. 5. It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island. Task 2: Answers may vary 1. He tried, albeit without success. 2. Record sales are not always a measure of a singer's success. 3. Unlike trains, trams do not have their own dedicated lines, but sharing the road with other means of transport such as cars, motorbikes or bikes. 4. The increase of individual vehicles has exacerbated traffic congestion. 5. In order to meet the transport demand of citizens and tackle traffic congestion, governmental spending needs to be invested in upgrading the public transport system. Task 3: The methods of (1) mitigating traffic congestion have become a heated topic of controversy. Some people argue that the construction of larger roads is the answer to the problem. However, I contend that such a solution is (2) ineffective in the long term, while the option to construct railways and subways is a far better (3) measure. There is a common fallacy that (4) governmental spending on building larger roads could (5) sustainably address the problem of traffic congestion. An increase in road size could reduce the (6) traffic intensity in the short term, but larger roads also mean that citizens are encouraged to purchase more (7) individual vehicles. This leads to the fact that the roads, (8) albeit larger, would soon be filled with intense traffic again. For instance, traffic jams returned to Shanghai's main streets not long after they were expanded in the early 1990s. In brief, if this solution were (9) implemented, traffic jams would still (10) persist in the long run. Rail and subway systems, however, could ensure that (11) traffic congestion is (12) properly addressed. Unlike cars and buses, trains are capable of transporting hundreds of people simultaneously and thus would (13) meet the transport demands of a vast number of passengers. Moreover, trains do not have to go through (14) intersections or traffic lights, and (15) dedicated lines ensure their travel is hardly (16) interrupted. In other words, trains are always on time regardless of the level of traffic. This standard of (17) punctuality would encourage many people to choose railways and subways as their primary (18) means of transport, and the number of individual vehicles would decrease accordingly. As a result, traffic congestion could be (19) tackled successfully. In conclusion, building more and larger roads is an (20) unsustainable measure, while train and subway lines would be a much more effective solution for the problem of traffic congestion. 295 words, written by Tu Pham