Lý thuyết và bài tập ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

Nội dung text: Lý thuyết và bài tập ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh Lớp 12

1. LESSON 1: TENSES ( Các thì ) 1. SIMPLE PRESENT: ( HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN ) o Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Ex : Water boils at 100 c. Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry. Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1 ? Ex : How often do you go to school? *(Be):am, is, are + not ; (have):has/ have + not = do / does + not + have Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, sở thích, quan điểm.  Thói quen,hoạt động hằng ngày, phong tục, tập quán.  Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.  Xuất xứ, quốc tịch Với : EVERY (day, year ), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month ), all the time, now and then , OCCASIONALLY, FREQUENTLY, GENERALLY, * Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu:  Trước động từ thường (Ex: His wife never cooks)  Sau động từ tobe và các trợ động từ.(Ex: I am never late for school.) Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít : - Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z . - Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, nhưng He plays . . .). 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN ) S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now. S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes. Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói, viết.  2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi).  1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)  Hành động đang xảy ra ,sau câu mệnh lệnh ( Look Listen, Be careful, Be quiet, ) Ex: Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.  1 dự định trong tương lai, 1 sắp xếp có kế hoạch, thường dùng với: go, move, come, arrive, leave, travel, Ex: He is leaving early tomorrow morning. Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW 3. PRESENT PERFECT: ( HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH ) ed S + has/ have + V3 Ex: I’ve just opened the door. Ex: We have studied English for many years. ed S + has/ have + not + V3 Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently. ed Has/ Have + S + V3 ? Ex: How long have you studied English? Diễn tả:  Hđộng Qk không rõ tgian.  Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra gần đây.  Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai. 1
2. Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc Tgian, FOR + khoảng Tgian, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR * Dùng với các cụm từ: This is the first time, this is the second time, dùng trong cấu trúc: That( ed This) is the best . that + S + has/ have + V3 4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: ( HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN ) a. S + has/ have + been + Ving. b. S + has/ have + not + been + Ving. c. Has/ Have + S + been + Ving? Ex: We have been studying English for many years. Diễn tả: - Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể đến Tlai ( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục, không gián đoạn của hành động) * Một số động từ thường dùng:learn, lie, live, sit, rain, sleep, stand, study, wait, work, teach, stay 5. SIMPLE PAST ( QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ) ed S + V2 Ex: I saw him yesterday. S + did + not + V1 Ex: She didn’t come last week. Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were wasn’t, weren’t Diễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG) - Thói quen trong quá khứ - Kể lại 1 câu chuyện trong quá khứ. Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year ), THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY, in + tgian ở quá khứ. 6. PAST CONTINUOUS (Q KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday. S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading. Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang. Diễn tả:  Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm / khoảng thời gian Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, )  2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk. (while: trong khi) ed  1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V2 ) Với: AT THIS TIME, AT THAT MOMENT ed 1. AS / WHEN + S + was/ were + Ving, S + V2 EX: I was talking to her when her mother got home. 2. S + was/ were + Ving + Whlie + S + was/ were + Ving EX: She was playing chess while they were cooking lunch. 7. PAST PERFECT (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH) ed S + had + V3 ed S + had + not + V3 ed Had + S + V3 ? 2
3. Ex: Last night I went to bed after I had done my homework. Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk ed Với : ( trước: S+ had +V3 ; sau: S + V2) A / S + HAD + V3 / Ved + BEFORE + S + V2 / ed Ex: They had phoned me before they came here. B / S + V2 / ED + AFTER + S + HAD + V3 / VED Ex: I went to school after I had had breakfast. 8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN ) S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow. S + will / shall + not + V1 Ex: I won’t buy it tomorrow. Will / Shall + S + V1? Ex: Will you buy it tomorrow? *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t. Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.  Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1 ? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 ?) Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month, ) 9. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN ) S + WILL BE + V-ing + Diễn tả một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra ở một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai Ex: We will be playing badminton at 9:00 a.m tomorrow. Với: At this time tomorrow ( morning, afternoon, evening ), at this time next 10. FUTURE PERFECT ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH) ed S + will / shall + have + V3 Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow. Diễn tả:  Hành động sẽ hoàn tất trong tương lai. Với: BY THE TIME , BY THE END OF BY THE TIME THE YEAR 2015 , 11. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN ) S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing + To show an continuous action which at a given time will be in the past. ( Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ kéo dài đến một thời điểm cho trước trong tương lai ) Ex: By the end of this school year, I will have been teaching at Chu Van An High School for 9 years. * Notes: 1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định + Dùng diễn tả 1 dự định, kế hoạch được xếp đặt trước Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow. 2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn  Be : Ex: I am a student now.  Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize. 3
4.  Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind, expect, recollect. Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish EXERCISE I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. 1. We ( finish ) our dinner hafl an hour ago. => 2. The farmers ( work ) in the field now. => 3. My father ( live ) in London. He ( be ) there for 20 years. => 4. She paid for her tickets and ( leave ). => 5. Mrs Green always ( go ) to work by bus. => 6. She ( sit ) under a tree when it ( begin ) to rain. => => 7. How many times ( you / see ) him since him went to Edinburgh. => 8. Mr Davy ( work ) in the same place for thirty five years and he is not planning retire yet. => 9. River usually ( flow ) to the sea. => 10. By next week they ( finish ) resurfacing the road. => 11. Water ( boil ) at 100 degrees Celsius. => 12. The phone ( ring ) suddenly while Joanne was doing the housework. => 13. Before Jennifer won the lottery, she ( not / enter ) any kind of contest. => 14. I ( see) this film several times. => 15. He ( live ) in Ho Chi Minh City during last summer. => 16. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door. => 17. Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in the book. => 18. That house ( belong) to Mr Green. => 19. Rivers usually (flow) to the sea. => 20. I (move) to Ho Chi Minh city 3 years ago to learn English. => => 21. When I ( arrive ) this house, he still ( sleep). => => 22. The light (go out) when we (have) dinner. => 23. Bill ( have) breakfast when I (stop) at this house this morning. => => 24. As we (cross) the street, we (see) an accident. => => 25. Tom (see) a serious accident while he (stand) at the bus stop. => => II. choose the best answer among A,B,C or D 1. He always for a walk in the evening. A. go B. is going C. goes D. going 2. Her brother in Canada at present. A. working B. works C. is working D. work 3. He has been selling motorcycles A. ten years ago B. since ten years C. for ten years ago D. for ten years 4. Columbus .America more then 400 years ago. A. discovered B. has discovered C. had discovered D. he has gone 5. He fell down when he towards the church. A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run 6. They .pingpong when their father comes back home. A. will play B. will be playing C. play D. would play 7. By Christmas, I for you for 6 months. A. Shall have been working B. shall work C. have been working D. shall be working 8. I .in the room now. A. am being B. was being C. have been being D. am 9. I to New york three times this year. A. have been B. was C. were D. had been 10. I will come and see you before I for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave 4
5. 11. The little girl asked what to her friend. A. has happened B. happened C. had happened D. would have been happened 12. John a book when I saw him. A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading 13. My sister .for you since yesterday. A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked 14. When I last saw him, he .in London. A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living 15. After I lunch, I looked for my bag. A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had 16. By the end of next year, Geoge English for 2 years. A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn 17. The man got out the car, round to the back and opened the boot. A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk 18. For several years his ambition to be a pilot. A. is B. has been C. was D. had been 19. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he .dinner. A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. shall have finished 20. Before you asked, the letter . A. was written B. had been written C. had written D. has been written 21. Ask her to come and see me when she her work. A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing 22. Almost everyone for home by the time we arrived. A. leave B. left C. eaves D. had left 23. While her husband was in the army, Janet . to him twice a week. A. was writing B. wrote C. was written D. had written 24. I have never played badminton before.This is the first time I to play. A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying 25. Since ,I have heard nothing from him. A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left 26. I don’t understand this sentence.What .? A. does mean this word B. have this word mean C. means this word D. does this word mean 27. John tennis once or twice a week. A. usually play B. is usually playing C. usually plays D. have usually played 28. I .for Christine. Do you know where she is? A. look B. looked C. am looking D. looks 29. At 5 o’clock yesterday evening, I my clothes. A. am ironing B. have ironed C. ironed D. was ironing 30. I along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me. A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 31. She German for two years. A. has learnt B. is learning C. learn D. learns 32. The earth round the sun. A. go B. has gone C. went D. goes 33. Look! That man to open the door of your car. A. try B. tried C. is trying D. has tried 34. I here at the end of the month. A. will leave B. would leave C. would have left D. is leaving 35. The children are still ill but they ___ better gradually. A. get B. getting C. are get D. are getting 36. I my report when you entered the hall. A. made B. have been makin C. was making D. have made 37. They the newwords yesterday from three to seven. 5
6. A. learnt B. have been learning C. have learnt D. were learning 38. She this exercise yesterday at 8 o’clock. A. wrote B. has written C. has been writing D. was writing 39. My mother often morning excercises. A. do B. does C. doing D. has done 40. At last the bus came.We for half an hour. A. waited B. was waiting C. have waited D. had been waiting LESSON 2: PHONOLOGY ( NGỮ ÂM ) Cách phát âm chữ “s” ở cuối: - s được đọc là /s/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: / p/ , /t/ , /k/, /f/ , /θ/ - s được đọc là /z/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: /b/, /n/, /g/, /l/, /d/, /v/, /m/, /r/, /η/, /ð/ và các nguyên âm - es được đọc là /iz/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: /s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ Cách phát âm “ed” ở cuối: - ed được đọc là /t/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: / p/ , /s/ , /k/, /f/ , /θ/, / /, /t /, - ed được đọc là /d/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: /b/, /n/, /g/, /l/, /v/, /m/, /r/, /η/, /ð/ và các nguyên âm - ed được đọc là /id/ sau các từ tận cùng bằng các âm: / t/ , /d/ . *Lưu ý: một số tính từ tận cùng la – ed hoặc trạng từ tận cùng là – edly thì ed được phát âm là /id/ :naked, wicked, crooked, ragged, rugged, learned, deservedly, supposedly, markedly, allegedly. Khi gặp gạch dưới chữ S : Bình thường chữ s phát âm là /s/, nhưng có những ngoại lệ cần nhớ là : s đọc /z/các chữ sau:busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison -Chữ s đọc / ʃ / : sugar,sure Đối với chữ CH - CH đọc /t / là bình thường - CH đọc : /k/ gồm các chữ sau: chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character - CH đọc là / ʃ / : machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade , Đối với chữ H các chữ H sau đây là h câm : hour, honor, honest (và các gia đình từ của chữ này) Đối chữ GH Bình thường đọc là /f/ Đối với âm /u/ và /u:/ /u/ gồm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book /u:/ gồm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe, * Silent consanant (âm câm) "B"câm khi đứng sau "M" hoặc đứng trứơc "T": bomb, climb, comb, tomb, doubt, subtle, debt (Chú ý: có từ không tuân theo quy tắc này: timber ) "H" sau đây là h câm: hour, honor, honest . 6
7. "K" câm khi đứng trước "N": know, knife, knob. "N" câm khi đứng sau "M": autumn, column, hymn, condemn. "P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology, "W" câm: sword "T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, * Stress ( DẤU NHẤN ) _ Các từ có 2 âm tiết: + Trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất nếu đó là danh từ hoặc tính từ : yellow, person, patient, future + Trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 nếu đó là động từ: predict, create, delay, - Những từ có 3 âm tiết trở lên: _ Những từ có đuôi là: TY, PHY, CY, SY, ATE, UTE, UDE, LOGY, OUS, AL, TUDE, ETY, ICAL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ cuối lên: comMUnicate, PROphecy, interNAtional, INstitute _ Những từ có đuôi: TION, XION, CION, SION, IC, URE, IOUS, EOUS, CIAL, IAN, ITY, IOUR, IOR, ORY, UTY, có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 từ dưới lên : ecoNOmic, dePAture, PREcious, inforMAtion, aBIlity, eQUAlity, iDENtity, _ Những từ kết thúc bằng đuôi ADE, EE, EER, ESE, OO, OON, SELF, thì trọng âm rơi vào chính nó : employEE, carEER, bamBOO, chiNESE, Exercise The pronunciation of the endings: -s/es and -ed Exercise 1: Choose the word whose ending ‘-s/es’ or ‘-ed’ is pronounced differently from the others’ 1. A. talked B. naked C. asked D. liked 2. A. worked B. stopped C. forced D. wanted 3. A. lays B. says C. stays D. plays 4. A. waited B. mended C. naked D. faced 5. A. promises B. devises C. surprises D. realises 6. A. houses B. faces C. horses D. places 7. A. naked B. sacred C. needed D. walked 8. A. asks B. breathes C. breaths D. hopes 9. A. kissed B. helped C. forced D. raised 10. A. sees B. sports C. pools D. trains 11. A. naked B. beloved C. helped D. wicked 12. A. ticked B. checked C. booked D. sacred 13. A. tombs B. lamps C. brakes D. invites 14. A. books B. floors C. combs D. drums 15. A. investigates B. provides C. clothes D. paths 16. A. confused B. faced C. cried D. defined 17. A. trays B. says C. bays D. days 18. A. kissed B. pleased C. increased D. ceased 19. A. devoted B. suggested C. provided D. wished 20. A. closes B. loses C. loves D. chooses Stressed syllabe 7
8. Exercise 2: 1. A. individual B. reputation C. experience D. scientific 2. A. carpenter B. revise C. ignore D. traditional 3. A. marvelous B. position C. separate D. government 4. A. influence B. modern C. consider D. different 5. A. contain B. poisonous C. chemical D. scientist 6. A. discover B. unhealthy C. amount D. realise 7. A. avoid B. gesture C. permit D. exact 8. A. determine B. supportive C. conical D. performance 9. A. counterpart B. million C. recognize D. detective 10. A. operation B. official C. community D. efficiency 11. A. arrangement B. distinguish C. theorist D. collective 12. A. appropriate B. emotional C. pronounce D. situation 13. A. resolution B. eradication C. contradiction D. similarity 14. A. benefit B. understand C. engineer D. underpaid 15. A. capacity B. particular C. altogether D. especially    Stressed syllabe Exercise 3: 1. A. carry B. invent C. appoint D. become 2. A. popular B. dangerous C. magazine D. applicant 3. A. physicist B. president C. inventor D. gardener 4. A. legacy B. stressful C. document D. unpleasant 5. A. generation B. celebration C. minority D. electronics 6. A. contemporary B. retirement C. wisdom D. occasionally 7. A. procedure B. nursery C. assignment D.consider 8. A. disaster B. advocate C. secretary D. ravaged 9. A. collapse B. tendency C. volcanic D. uncovering 10. A. dreadful B. nourish C. earthquake D. emergency 11. A. astronaut B. economist C. medium D. continent 12. A. garbage B. pressure C. ready D. believe 13. A. decision B. effective C. leftover D. opinion 14. A. suitable B. together C. supportive D. solution 15. A. compliment B. attention C. informal D. approaching LESSON 3: SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT ( SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CHỦ TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ ) 1. Singular verb - Chủ ngữ số ít ( hoặc danh từ không đếm được) EX: Milk is good for health - Hai chủ từ nối với nhau bằng “ and” nhưng có cùng ý tưởng hoặc chỉ một người. EX: Love and to be loved is the happiest thing on the earth. My best friend and adviser, Tom , is coming tonight. - Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ khác nhau nối với nhau bằng “and” nhưng trước mỗi danh từ có each hoặc every. EX: Each boy and each girl has a book. - Chủ ngữ là các đại từ phiếm chỉ ( everybody, somebody, nobody, something, ) EX: Nothing was seen last night because of the darkness. - Chủ ngữ là: Tiền, Thời gian, Khoảng cách hoặc Số lượng. EX: Twenty dollars is too much to pay for such a shirt. 8
9. Four weeks is a long time to wait for you. - Chủ ngữ là mệnh đề hay danh động từ ( gerund). EX: Swimming is good for health. That you get very high grades in school is necessary. - Chủ ngữ là các danh từ trừu tượng. ( knowledge, beauty, ), môn học ( physics, mathematics, ), căn bệnh ( meales, mumps, ) hoặc các danh từ như: news, funiture, work, EX: The funiture is more expensive than we thought. 2. Plural verb - Chủ ngữ số nhiều. EX: They are students. - Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng “and”. EX: Nam and Ba are brothers. Water and oil don’t mix. - Chủ ngữ là: The + Adjective EX: The rich are not always happy. - Chủ ngữ là các danh từ tập hợp ( people, police, cattle, ) EX: The police have arrested the thieves. - Chủ ngữ là: A few, both, many + noun EX: A few books were lost yesterday. 3. Singular or pluar verb. - Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng “or”, “neither nor”, “either or”, hoặc “not only but also” thì động từ được chia theo danh từ thứ hai. EX: Neither he nor his friends were at school yesterday. - Chủ ngữ là hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng “with”, “as well as”, hoặc “ together with” thì động từ chia theo danh từ thứ nhất EX: The director as well as his staff has to learn English. - Chủ ngữ là một cụm từ có giới từ thì động từ chia theo dand từ đứng trước giới từ. EX: The picture of soldiers has been sold. - Chủ ngữ là: “The munber of + noun” thì động từ chia số ít EX: The number of students in this class is small. - Chủ ngữ là: “A nunber of + noun” thì động từ chia số nhiều. EX: A number of students were absent yesterday. - Chủ ngữ là “ There + be + noun” thì động từ “be” chia theo danh từ(noun) EX: There is a fly in this room There are a lot of people here. EXERCISE I. Giving the correct verb form: 1. The pictures in the magazines (be) very beautiful. => 2. The shops along with this street (open) until 9 PM. => 3. Either he or you (be) intelligent. => 4. Two kilometers (be) a long distance for me. => 5. The rich also (cry). => 6. Mathematics (be) my major subject. => 7. Buying a new house (be) a good idea for us now. => 8. Neither the teacher nor her students (be) in the playground. => 9. So far everything (be) alright. => 10. Around 10 per cent of the forest (be) destroyed each year. => 11. More people (live) in Asia than ion any other continent. => 12. The news from the United State (seem) very encouraging. => 13. Arranging flowers (be) my specialty. => 14. Japanese (be) very difficult for English speakers to learn. => 15. The professor and students (agree) on that point. => 9
10. 16. Getting to know students from all over the world (be) one of the best parts of her job. => 17. Most children (like) to go to the zoo. => 18. The poor (not, be) helped by government programmes. => 19. There years (be) a long time to be without a job. => 20. The weather in the Southern States (get) very hot during summer. => 21. The production of dyes, perfumes and explosives (make) a lot of progress. => 22. The number of schoolboys in my class (be) twenty. => 23. A large number of the applicants (already, be interview). => 24. The secretary and accountant of the company (not come) yet. => 25. The crowd (be) wild with excitement. => II. Choose the best answer to finish each sentence: 1. Each of you responsible for this. A. are B. being C. is D. be 2. Bill together with his brothers to the beach every morning. A. going B. goes C. are D. gone 3. Either the monitor or the athletes to blame for the bad result. A. be B. are C. is D. to be 4. Everyone with me about my plans. A. agree B. agreeing C. disagree D. agrees 5. Tim as well as his relatives safe from the hurricane. A. be B. is C. are D. being 6. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment announced on TV last night. A. is B. are C. was D. were 7. Fifty minutes the maximum length of time allowed for the exam. A. is B. be C. are D. were 8. The cost of living over 10% in the last few years. A. rises B. has risen C. rose D. is rising 9. A number of sheep eating grass now. A. is B. are C. was D. were 10. Measles sometimes a serious disease. A. is B. are C. being D. be 11. Making cakes and pies Mrs. Reed’s specialty. A. are B. were C. is D. be 14. The United States between Canada and Mexico. A. lying B. lies C. lain D. lie 15. The students in the next classroom very loudly everyday. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. talk LESSON 4 INFINITIVE AND GERUND I / GERUND: ( danh động từ ) ( V + ING ) Ways of Use: 1. Subject of a sentence Ex: Reading the story of Kieu is interesting. 2. Complement of To Be after Subject of Thing + To Be Ex : My hobby is fishing . 3. After Prepositions Ex : She is interested in learning English . 4. After some verbs: admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay = postpone/, deny, discuss, dislike, detest = hate, enjoy, escape, keep, mind, miss, practise, prevent, prefer, resist, cease, finish, suggest, Ex: He avoids meeting me. 10
11. 5. After some Verbs + Object Combinations Ex: We saw the thief entering the house. Or He spent five hours doing his task. 6. In some other structures : It’s no good / use, there is no point, what’s the point of, what about , how about, be worth, be busy, look forward to, be used to / be accustomed to / get used to, can’t help, can’t bear, can’t stand Ex: It is no use saying that I am used to getting up early. II / THE INFINITIVE ( TO + VERB ) - TO – INFINITIVE 1 Subject of the sentence ( Chủ từ của câu ) Ex : To help her is my duty. 2. S + V + O + ( Not ) To - infinitive Want, ask, tell, request, order, beg, encourage, advise, persuade, dorce, remind, allow, permit EX: He tells me to send this letter. EX: Mary advised me not to go out at night. 3. S + V + ( Not ) To – infinitive decide/ plan / intend/ tend/claim / demand/ desire / wish/ fail/ hope/ hesitate/ want/ pretend/ agree/ refuse/expect, EX: Mary decided to make friends with him. EX: She pretended not to see me yesterday. be S + look + adjective + to – infinitive seem feel Ex: He feels happy to live next to me. Ex: They are very kind to us. 5. It + is + adjective + (for / of + O) + to – infinitive * Adjectives: After some ADJEATIVES of Feeling or Attitudes afraid foolish pleased disappointed sorry angry fortunate qualified prepared lucky eager glad ready likely proud Ex : The party is ready to serve. EX: I’m glad to see you again. 6. After the verb TO BE Ex : We are to pass the next exam. S + V + TOO + ADJ / ADV + (for + O) + TO – Infinitive Ex: He is too young to go to school. Ex: You run too fast for me to keep pace with 7. S + V + ADJ / ADV + ENOUGH + TO – Infinitive 11
12. ENOUGH + NOUN + TO – Infinitive Ex : He is not old enough to get married.  Passive To-infinitive: To + be + V3 Ex: She expected to be invited to the party. 8. After Noun ( Infinitive of Purpose ) : TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + V(bare infinitive ) Ex : There are lots of things to do today. Ex : He studies hard so as to pass the entrance examination.  BARE – INFINITIVE 1. After modal verbs: can, may, must, EX: I must go home now. 2. After had better, would rather, do nothing but. EX: He did nothing but complained about his life. You’d better stay at home today. 3. Make Let + O + V(bare) EX: The clowns made them laugh a lot last night. III. VERB FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUND * Without changing in meaning begin V-ing S + continue + start, to - inf Ex : It began to rain when I went to school. Or It began raining when I went to school. - Verbs of perception see V- ing hear S + taste + O + smell notice bare – inf EX: I saw Mary walking in th park yesterday. Or I saw Mary walk in the park yesterday. * With changing in meaning ( thay đổi nghĩa ) - LIKE V-ing (sở thích ) Like + To – inf ( thích vì nghĩ rằng nó tốt) Note: would like + to- inf; feel like + V-ing (ước có ) = wish for EX: I like fishing. I like to do my job well. - TRY V-ing (thử ) Try + To – inf ( cố gắng ) EX: I tried borrowing some money from John but he refused I tried to do my test well. - STOP V-ing (ngừng, thôi không làm nữa ) Stop + 12
13. To – inf ( ngừng lại để ) EX: - Stop talking. - He stops to dink a cup of coffee because he feels asleep. - REMEMBER, FORGET, REGRET Remember V-ing (V đ xy ra trước remember, forget, regret) forget + regret To- inf ( To-inf xảy ra sau remember, forget, regret) Ex : He remembers meeting you when he was in France. ( He met you. ) Ex : Remember to sent me a letter when you arrive in Ho Chi Minh city. ( you will send.) - ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND Allow = permit V-ing + Advise = recommend O + to-inf. EX: I permit you to go out. I permit going out. Nhưng I am not allowed to go out at night. EXERCISE Choose the best option to comple the following sentences 1/ Would you mind ___the door? A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened 2/ Cars must not___in front of the entrance. A. park B. to park C. to be parked D. be parked 3/ He began___English two years ago. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learns 4/ The grass needed ___ A. cut B. to cut C. to cutting D. to be cut 6/ The driver stopped ___ a coffee because he felt sleepy. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 7/ Have you ever considered ___ a pharmacist? A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became 8/ I’m allowed ___ my grandfather. A. visit B. to visit C. visited D. visiting 9/ I would rather ___ at home than go out with you. A. staying B. to stay C. stay D. stayed 10/ He stopped ___ he couldn’t work because it was dark. A. work B. to work C, working D. to working 11/ You should give up ___ or you will die of cancer. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smoked 12/ He missed ___ her at the airport yesterday. A. see B. to see C. sees D. seeing 13/ We couldn’t help ___ some things when we went shopping. A. buying B. buy C.to buy D. bought 14/ He made me ___ happy. A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. feels 15/ They suggested ___ a break for much noise. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 16/ We will try ___ the same mistakes again. A. to not make B. not to make C. not making D. not to making 17/ Would you like ___ with us tonight?. A. to go B. go C going D. gone 18/ When you see him, remember ___ him my number. 13
14. A. to give B. giving C. give D. gave 19/ I am used to ___ up early. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get 20/ I saw Mary ___ in the park last night. A. walk B. to walk C. to walking D. walked 21/ I remember ___ you before, but I have forgotten your name. A. to meet B. met C. meet D. meeting 22/ My parents don’t permit me ___ out at night. A. gone B. went C. to go D. going 23/ You’d better ___ at home today. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stays 24/ It would be no used ___ him to do it. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asks 25/ He orders me ___ this report. A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote 26/ I remember ___ my mother ___ the grass in the graden needed ___. A. to hear / said / cuting B. hear / say / cut C. head / saying / to cut D. hearing / say / cutting 27/ They often tell us smoking . A. stop B. stops C. to stop D. stopping 28/ I promised on time . I mustn’t late . A. be / be B. to be / to be C. to be / be D. be / to be 29/ Their house is beautiful than mine . A. more B. as C. so D. much 30/ It is no use to him . A. to talk B. talk C. being talking D. talking 31/ They advise me try to give up . A. smoking B. to smoking C. smoke D. smokes 32/ Don’t forget me a cable when you arrive in Ha Noi . A. sending B. sent C. send D. to send 33/ My parents didn’t permit me last night . A. gone B. went C. to go D. going 34/ Try so many mistakes . A. not to make B. not make C. to make not D. make not 35/ I remember you before, but I have forgotten your name . A. to meet B. met C. meet D. meeting 36/ Mary prefers . A. sing to dance B. to sing than to dance C. singing to dance D. singing to dancing 37/ You had better if you want to catch the train . A. to run B. running C. run D. ran 38/ You aren’t allowed here . A. smoke B. to smoke C. to smoking D. smoking 39/ Peter would early than late . A. to arriving B. arriving C. arrive D. arrived 40/ the story of Kieu very interesting . A. Reading / am B. Reading / is C. Reading / are D. Reading / was 41/ Do you mind a suggestion ? A. make B. making C. made D. to make 42/ Betty meeting people . A. would B. wants C. enjoys D. like 43/ She suggests out for a walk . A. go B. to go C. going D. went 14
15. 44/ would you giving me a hand ? A. mind B. like C. please D. care 45/ This house needs . A. painting B. to be painted C. to paint D. A and B are correct LESSON 5 IF CLAUSE (Câu điều kiện ) I / Type 1 . Present possible : will shall If + S + present tense, S + + V can (bare inf.) may Ex : If the weather is fine, I will go for a picnic. Ex : If she studies hard , she will pass the exam II / Type 2. Present unreal : could should If + S + past tense ( V2 / ed or Were ) , S + + V would (bare inf.) might Ex : I am not fine, so I can’t join the party. => If I were fine, I could join the party. Ex : Alice doesn’t have free time today, so she doesn’t go to the cinema. => If Alice had free time today, she would go to the cinema. III / Type 3 . Past unreal : could have should have + V3 / Ved If + S + past perfect , S + would have might have Ex : They didn’t go because they were busy yesterday. => If they hadn’t been busy yesterday, they would have gone. Ex : We didn’t study hard, so we failed in an exam last year. => If we had studied hard last year, we could have passed the exam. * Note : Past unreal with present effect : If + S + past perfect , S + would + V1 Ex : If we had got married, we would have a lot of children now. II. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện 1. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis 2. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book 3. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.  Sentence Transformation: 15
16. A/ UNLESS = IF NOT If + Neg. form = Unless + Affir. form am /is/ are not am /is/ are do /does not + V1 V1/s /es ed If + S + did not+V1 = UNLESS + S + V2 were not were ed ed had not+ V3 had + V3 Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks. = Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks. Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính ở thể Pđịnh , ta có thể chuyển sang UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh. Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful = Unless you are lazy, you can be successful. B/ CÁCH VIẾT CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TỪ TÌNH HUỐNG T. HUỐNG CHO: 1.Có từ “OR” : viết đk loại 1 2. H.tại : loại 2 3.Q. khư : loại 3 4.Có từ “SO”: viết xuôi S + V SO S + V IF + S + V , S + V 5. Có từ “BECAUSE”: viết ngược S + V because S +V IF + S + V , S + V 6. Phủ định viết khẳng định & ngược lại Examples: 1. I am not clever, so I won’t be a doctor. If I were clever, I would be a doctor. 2. John was sick because he ate much cake. If John hadn’t eaten much cake, he’d not have been sick. Trường hợp khác : 1. S+ can /will+ V1 but S + must/ have to +V1 IF + S + V1/Vs,es , S + can/ will + V1 ( Đk 1) Ex: I’ll let you borrow the book but you must promise to return it next week. If you promise to return the book next week, I’ll let you borrow it. 2. V 1 or S + will /can +V1 S + will/ can + V1 unless you + V1 Ex: Work hard or you’ll fail the exam You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard. EXERCISE Choose the best answers for the following sentences: 16
17. 1. If I were you, I ___ that job. A. would apply for B. will ask for C. will have changed D. can take 2. If I ___ a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family. A. have B. am having C. had D. was having 3. ___ today, she would get home by Friday. A. Would she leave B. Was she leaving C. Were she to leave D. If she leaves 4. What ___ happen if you come late for the meeting tomorrow? A. will be B. would be C. will D. would 5- We the game if we’d had a few more minutes. A. might have won B. won C. had won D. will win 6. If you ___ Henry, ask him to come and see me. A. met B. will meet C. meet D. would meet 7. Unless you ___ quiet, I’ll scream. A. don’t keep B. keep C. kept D. didn’t keep 8. have enough apples, she’ll bake an apple pie this afternoon. A. Should she B. If she C. Will she D. Unless she 9. I Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other. A. hadn’t brought B. didn’t bring C. won’t bring D. wouldn’t have brought 10. ___he___ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize. A. Hadn’t – studied B. Had- studied C. Didn’t study D. If – had studied 11. If he ___ yesterday, he would be here with us tomorrow night. A. finished it B. had finished it C. finishes it D. has finished it 12. ___ we find new sources, we will soon run out of energy. A. If B. When C. Unless D. Only 13. Unless we ___ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted. A. stop Bb. don’t stop C. will stop D. won’t stop 14. If you ___ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now. A. listen B. will listen C. had listened D. listened 15. If they didn’t live so far away, I ___ them every week. A. visit B. visited C. will visit D. would visit 16. I___ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital. A. visited B. had visited C. visit D. would have visited t 17. If someone ___ in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” A. comes B. came C. would come D. could come 18. If he were here, he would accompany you on the piano. A. Supposing he were here B. because he were here C. were he here D. Both Aand C 19. “John went to the hospital alone”, “If ___, I would have gone with him”. A. had he told me B. he had told me C. he has told me D. he would tell me 20. “It’s beginning to rain”. “___ , we won’t be able to finish the ball game”. A. If it stops B. should it stop C. unless it stops D. if it didn’t stop 21. ___ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it. A. Were I B. Should I C. I was D. If I am 22. ___ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years. A. Had I known B. Did I know C. If I know D. If I would know 23. If he___tickets yesterday, he ___ on the beach now. A. had booked- would be lying B. had booked- would have lied C. booked – would lie D. books- will lie 24. If it ___ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic. A. rains B. will rain C. shall rain D. raining 25. If you hadn’t watched that late mivie last night, you ___ sleepy now. A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be 17
18. C. might have not been D. wouldn’t have been being LESSON 6: SPEAKING (CÂU GIAO TIẾP) 1. Tom: “How do you do?” – Jerry: “ .” A. yes, OK B. Not too bad C. How do you do? D. I’m well 2. A: “Bye!” – B: “ ” A. See you lately B. See you later C. Thank you D. Meet you again 3. A: “ I’ve passed my exam.” - B: “ .” A. Good luck B. It’s nice of you to say so C. That’s a good idea. D. Congratulations! 4. A: “ Would you like to have dinner with me?” B: “ ” A. Yes, I’d love to B. I’m very happy C. Yes, It is D. Yes, so do I 5. Peter: “ I enjoy listening to pop music.” Mary: “ ” A. I’m, too B. I don’t C. Neither do I D. So am I 6. Ann: “ Are you going to visit Britain next month?” Kim: “Yes, ” A. I am B. I do C. I like D. I going 7. Bob: “ James is a very brave man.” David: “ Yes, I wish his courage.” A. had B. will have C. have had D. have 8. David: “ You’ve got a beautiful dress!” Helen: “ ” A. I do B. Thanks for your compliment C. You too D. OK 9. Sue: “ I love pop music” Alice: “ ” A. I do, too B. No, I won’t C. Yes, I like it D. Neither do I 10. Ann: “ What do you usually do on Sunday?” Mary: “ .” A. I used to drive to work B. I’d be sleeping all day C. I’m not doing anything 18
19. D. I usually sleep until noon. 11. Jack: “ I’ve got to go, Sarah. So long.” So long, Jack. And ” A. be careful B. don’t hurry C. take care D. don’t take it 12. Mary: “ That’s a very nice skirt you are wearing.” Julia: “ ” A. That’s nice B. I like it C. That’s all right D. I’m glad you like it 13. David: “ Happy Christmas!” Jason: “ ” A. You are the same! B. Same for you! C. The same to you D. Happy Christmas. 14. Tom: “ ?” Jerry: “ Once a week” A. How often do you go shopping B. How much do you want C. Are you sure D. When will you get there 15. Peter: “ Sorry, I’m late.” Mary: “ .” A. OK B. Don’t worry C. Hold the line please D. Go ahead 16. Davis: “ Good morning. My name is Davis. I have a reservation.” Andy: “ ” A. What do you want? B. Yes, a single room for two nights? C. I haven’t decided yet. What about you? D. What do you like? 17. Mary: “ I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow.” – Peter: “ ” A. Thank you B. Same to you C. Good luck D. See you 18. A: “Thank you for the lovely present.” – B: “ ” A. Go ahead B. Not at all C. come on D. I’m pleased you like it 19. A: Are you coming on Saturday? – B: A. I’m afraid not B. I’m afraid not to C. I’m afraid to D. I’m afraid I don’t 20. A: do they travel abroad? – B: Once a year. A. When B. How C. What time D. How often 21. A: Do you think you’ll get the job? – B: . A. I know so B. Well, I hope so C. I think so 19
20. D. Yes, that’s right 22. A: I’m getting married next week. – B: . A. Thanks, the same to you B. Congratulations! C. Well done D. Sorry to hear that 23. A: How’s life? – B: A. Sure B. Not too bad C. Fine, thanks D. Pleased to meet you. 24. A: Excuse me, what’s the time? – B: Sorry, I A. don’t see B. don’t have a watch C. won’t know D. know 25. A: Are you free this coming Sunday? – B: A. Yes, I will B. No, Thank you C. Yes, I can D. I think so. Why? 26. A: . – B: Certainly. A. Welcome back B. What are you doing there? C. I’m sorry I am late D. May I borrow a pen please? 27. A: Are you hungry? – B: A. Yes, I do B. Soon C. Right now D. Yes, a little 28. A: Would you like some more tea? – B: A. Yes, please B. Here you are C. It doesn’t matter D. I’m OK 29. A: Hello, my name’s John. to meet you. A. Please B. I’m very well C. Pleased D. Thank you 30. A: ? – B: He’s OK now. A. What is he B. How is he C. How tall is he D. What’s he like 31. A: Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift. – B: A. You are welcome B. Thank you C. Cheers D. Have a good day 32. A: What’s your name? – B: A. Really? B. Pardon? C. OK D. Forgive me. 20
21. 33. A: Thank you for a lovely evening? – B: A Don’t mention it B. I’m glad you enjoyed it C. Yes, I’d like that D. Yes, that would be very nice 34. A: I hope to see you again. – B: A. I hope so B. Good enough C. Thank you D. I really enjoy meeting you too 35. A: Would you like a cup of coffee? – B: A. Yes, thank a lot B. No, thanks you C. Yes, please D. No, you are welcome 36. A: Excuse me - B: ? A. What B. Yes C. No D. Thank you 37.A: Let’s meet for a coffee tonight. – B: . A. I hope not B. I’m afraid I can’t C. Yes, let’s D. Yes, thank you 38. A: ? – B: Yes, I want to send some flowers to my wife in Italy. A. Do you like flowers B. What do you like C. Can you help me D. Can I help you 39. A: What’s ., Peter? You don’t look very happy. A. matter B. problem C. the matter D. that 40. A: I passed my exam. -B: . A. oh B. Good luck C. Congratulations! D. Thanks 41.”Have a nice weekend.”-“ ” A. You are the same B. The same to you C. so do I D. Will you? 42.Would you mind if I smoke? - A. Never mind B. Yes, please don’t C. Not at all D. Yes, please do 43.Excuse me, is anybody sitting here?- . A. No, thanks B. Yes, I’m so glad C. Sorry, the seat is taken D Yes, Yes you can sit here 44.Shall we start now?- . 21
22. A. Yes, we are B. Yes, let’s C. Of course not D. No, no 45.Your desk-mate failed in the oral test? –“ ” A. I’m sorry to hear that B. Oh, I know C. In which respect D. It’s hard for me to express myself in English 46.Don’t forget to come to my party tomorrow –“ ” A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t 47.Must we do it now?-“No, ” A. you won’t B. you mustn’t C. you can’t D. you needn’t 48. Your fur coat look very expensive.-“ .”- It was secondhand. A. Yes, it does B. I’m sorry C. Really? It wasn’t expensive D. No it isn’t 49.Would you like to go to the movie with me ?-“ ” A. No, I wouldn’t. That’s boring B. I’d love to but I can’t. I’m visiting grandma with mom C. Yes, I’d like to D. I’d love 50. What a lovely house you have!-“ ” A. You’re welcome B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in C. Of course, it’s costly D. No problem LESSON 7: WISH (Ước ) - Động từ Wish = If only ( ao ước) thường dùng để diễn tả những ước muốn, những điều không có thật hoặc rất khó thực hiện. - Có 3 loại câu ước. I / Future Wish ( Ước trái ngược với một tình huống trong tương lai ) would S + Wish ( es ) + That + S + could + V(bare inf.) were + V- ing Ex : Mary will visit Paris next week. => I wish that Mary wouldn’t visit Paris next week . Ex : I can’t speak Spanish fluently.  I wish that I could speak Spanish fluently. II / Present Wish ( Ước trái ngược với một tình huống ở hiện tại ) V S + Wish ( es ) + That + S + 2 / ed were Ex : The weather isn’t good. => I wish that the weather were good. Ex : He learns very badly. => They wish he didn’t learn badly. III / Past Wish ( Ước trái ngược với một tình huống ở quá khứ ) 22
23. Had + V / V S + wish ( es ) + That + S + 3 ed Could have + V3 / Ved Ex : I’m sorry, they didn’t take part in the party last night. => I wish They had taken part in the party last night. Ex : She couldn’t be with me yesterday. => I wish she could have been with me yesterday. EXERCISE Choose the correct answer. 1. A: What are you doing later this afternoon? B: I wish I the answer of this question. A. knew B. know C. could know D. would know 2. A: I told your mother that you had left your job. B: Well, I wish you her. It’s none of your business. A. wouldn’t tell B. didn’t tell C. hadn’t told D. doesn’t tell 3. A: I wish you making that noise. It’s bothering me. B: Sorry, I’ll stop it right now. A. would stop B. are going to stop C. stop D. can stop 4. A: These figures are too complicated to work out in your head. B: Yes, a calculator. B. if only we had B. if only we had had C. I wish we have D. I wish we wo 5. A: You look tired. B: Yes, I’m really sleepy today. I wish I Bob to the airport late last night. A. didn’t have to take B. weren’t taking C. hadn’t had to take D. didn’t take 6. A: It’s raining. I wish it B: Me too. If only the sun so that we could go swimming. A. stopped / shined B. would stop / were shining C. had stopped / had shined D. would stop / would shine 7. A: Could you lend me some money? B: I wish you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself. A. can lend B. would lend C. could lend D. will lend 8. A: Are we lost? B: I think so. I wish we a map with us today. A. were bringing B. brought C. had brought D. would bring 9. Linda wishes she ___her car. A. hasn’t sold B. hadn’t sold C. doesn’t sell D. won’t sell 10. “I wish this city so noisy.” “I know. I wish we in the countryside.” A. isn’t – live B. wasn’t – live C. weren’t- live D. weren’t – lived LESSON 8 ACTIVE SENTENCE AND PASSIVE SENTENCE Form of Be + Pastparticiple ( Passive voice ) Dạng của Be + quá khứ phân từ ( thành lập thể thụ động ) Active: S + V + O Passive: S + BE + V3/ ED + by O I. Tense forms of Passive Verb : ( Các dạng thì của những động từ thể thụ động ) 23
24. 1.Passive form of The present tense Active Passive ( Dạng bị động của thì hiện tại đơn) Ex : The news surprises Ex : I am surprised by S + Am / Is / Are + V3 me. the news. Ex : The news surprises Ex : Sam is surprised by Sam. the news. 2. Passive form of The past tense Active Passive ( Dạng bị động của thì quá khứ đơn) Ex : They bought this Ex This house was S + Was / Were + V3 house last year. bought last year. Ex : I saw them yesterday. Ex : They were seen yesterday. 3. Passive form of The past Ex : Mai was cooking Ex : Dinner was being progressive tense dinner at 6 p.m yesterday. cooked by Mai at 6 p.m ( Dạng bị động của thì qk tiếp diễn) Ex : She was talking to yesterday. S + Was / Were + Being + V3 them when I came. Ex : They were being talked to when I came. 4. Passive form of The present Ex : The secretary is Ex : Some letters are progressive tense copying some letters now. being copied by the ( Dạng bị động của thì ht tiếp diễn ) Ex : Someone is building a secretary now. S + Am / Is / Are + being + V3 new hospital. Ex : A new hospital is being built. 5. Passive form of The present Ex : I have just bought a Ex : A car has just been Perfect tense car. bought. (Dạng bị động của thì hiện tại ht ) Ex : Phong has done these Ex : These exercises S + Has / Have + Been + V3 excercises for 3 hours. have been done for 3 hours by Phong. 6. Passive form of The past Perfect Ex : They had phoned me Ex : I had been phoned (Dạng bị động của thì quá khứ ht ) before they left. before they left. S + Had + Been + V3 7. Passive form of The Future tense Ex: Mai will visit Cuc Ex : Cuc Phuong (Dạng bị động của thì tương lai đơn) Phuong national park next national park will be S + Will + Be + V3 week. visited by Mai next week. 8. Passive form of The Future Ex : They will be writing Ex : The lesson will be continuous tense the lesson at 8 a.m being written at 8 a.m (Dạng bị động của thì tương lai td ) tomorrow. tomorrow. S + Will + Be + Being + V3 9. Passive form of The Future Ex : We will have finished Ex : Our work will have perfect tense our work by the end of this been finished by the end (Dạng bị động của thì tương lai ht ) month. of this month. S + Will + Have + Been + V3 10. Passive form of The Future Ex : They will have been Ex : English will have perfect continuous tense teaching English at this been being taught at this (Dạng bị động của thì tương lai httd) school by then. school by then. S +Will + Have Been + Being+V3 11. Passive form of The present and Ex : They have been Ex : French has been past perfect continuous tense learning French for ten being learned for ten (Dạng bị động của thì hiện tại hoàn years. years. thành & quá khứ hoàn thành td ) Ex : We had been eating Ex : Lunch had been S+Have/Has + Been + Being + V3 lunch before they called. being eaten before they S + Had Been + Being + V3 came. 24
25. II. PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES (Dạng bị động của trợ động từ hình thái hay khiếm khuyết ) Form : Modal + Be + Active Modal Auxiliaries Passive Modal Auxiliaries pastparticiple Can Could Ex : I can do these exercises . Ex : These exercises can be May Ex : You have to clean the done. Might floor. Ex : The floor has to be cleaned. Have to Ex :Ted should mail it. S + Has to + Be + V3 Ex : They are going to build Ex : It should be mailed. Ought to this bridge. Ex : This bridge is going to be Should built . Must Used to Be going to III / SOME OTHER CASES ( Một số trường hợp khác ) 1. Verb of opinion : say, think, believe, report, hope, explain A. S + V + That + Clause It + Be + V3 + That + Clause Ex : They think that he is a good teacher. => It is thought that he is a good teacher. Ex : People say that we will pass this exam. => It is said that we will pass this exam. B. S + V + That + Clause ( S2 + V2 + O2 ) S2 + Be + V3 +To infinitive or perfect infinitive Ex : People said that he had gone abroad. => It was said that he had gone abroad. Or He was said to have gone abroad. Ex : They believe that he is a good singer. => It is believed that he is a good singer. Or He is believed to be a good singer. 2. S + V + Direct Oject + To + V(inf.) Direct Object + Be + V3 + To + V(inf.) ( advise, ask , force , encourage , invite , tell , allow , convince , warn ) Ex : He asked Tom to sit by me. Tom was asked to sit by me. Ex : She told him not to look for a job. He was told not to look for a job. 3. WH – WORD + [DOES / DO/ DID ] + S + V + O ? WH – WORD + BE + S + V3 ? Ex : Why did you explain it ? Why was it explained ? 4. YES – NO QUESTION : DO / DOES / DID + S + V + O ? IS / ARE / WAS / WERE + S + V3 ? 25
26. Ex : Do you solve this problem ? Is this problem solved ? Ex : Did your mother make some cakes ? Were some cakes made by your mother ? 5. WH – WORD + AUXILIARY + S + V + O ? WH – WORD + AUXILIARY + S + BE + V3 ? Ex : Where will you do these exercices tomorrow ? When will these exercises be done tomorrow ? Ex: How long have you learned English? How long has English been learned by you ? 6. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE : V + O + ADVERB LET + O + BE + V3 + ADVERB Ex : Write your name here. Let your name be written here . Ex : Open your book now. Let your book be opened now. 6. Note : A.Trạng từ chỉ thể cách thường đứng giữa động từ Be và Past participle(Be +Adverd of manner +V3 ). Ex : The little girl cleaned the floor carefully. The floor was care fully cleaned by the little girl. B. AVERB OF PLACE + BY + O Ex : My daughter put the school-bag here. The school- bag was put here by my daughter. EXCERCISE Choose the best answer among A,B,C or D 1. Don’t come into the compartment; the berth ___ now. A. is being fixed B. has been fixed C. is fixed D. is being fixing 2. By the time he arrives everything ___ A. had been settled B. will be settled C. will have been settled D. has been settled. 3. He often asks me to help them. A. He is often asked to help them. B. They are often asked to help me. C. I am often asked to help them. D. I am often asked him to help them. 4. His friends never forgave his betrayal. A. His betrayal were never forgiven by his friends. B. His betrayal was never forgiven by his friends. C. His betrayal was never forgave by his friends. D. His betrayal never forgave by his friends. 5. I’m sure we’ll settle the matter easily. A. I’m sure the matter will settle easily. B. I’m sure the matter will be settled easily. C. I’m sure the matter will settled easily. D. I’m sure the matter won’t be settled easily. 6. We sent for the police. A. The police was sent for. B. The police was sent . C. The police were sent for. D.The police was sent for us. 7. They speak much about this book. A. This book is much spoken about. B. This book is much spoken. C. This book is much about spoken. D. This book is much spoken about them. 8. Have they tested all the machines? A. Have all the machines be tested? B. Have all the machines been testing? C. Have all the machines been tested? D. Have all the machines been being testing? 9. Does he realize that they are laughing at him? A. Does he realize that he is being laughed? B. Is he realize that he is being laughed at? C. Does he realize that he is laughing at? D. Is he realize that he is laughing at? 10. The manager offers me several jobs. A. I was offered several jobs. B. I am offered several jobs. 26
27. C. Several jobs are offered to me. D. B and C are correct. 11. I still cannot believe it! My bicycle ___ some minutes ago. A. was stolen B. was stealing C. stolen D. stole 12. Fortunately, the hospital’s new air-coditioning system ___ when the first heat wave of the summer arrived. A. had installed B. installed C. had been installed D. had been installing 13. The child’s arm was swollen because he ___ hy a bee. A. stung B. had stung C. had been stung D. Had being stung 14. Today, many serious childhood diseases ___ by early immunization. A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented 15. I ___ with you on that subject. A. am agree B. am agreed C. agreeting D. agree 16. Many U.S automobiles ___ in Detroit, Michigan. A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing 17. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ___ by waiting. A. accomplishs B. accomplished C. has accomplished D. will be accomplished 18. On September 9, 1850, California ___ to the United States as the thirty first state. A. has been admitted B. was admited C. was admitted D. admitted 19. When I came, an experiment ___ in the lab. A. was being holding B. has been held C. was being held D. has held 20. Vitamin C ___ by the human body. It gets into the blood stream quickly. A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily 21. My country ___ the pursuit of world peace. A. is dedicating to B. is dedicated to C. is dedicating by D. is dedicated by 22. George is ___ Lisa. A. marry with B. marry to C. married with D. married to 23. The rescuers ___ for their bravery and fortitude in locating the mountain climbers. A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. praising 24. Wait a minute! The table ___ . A. is being laid B. had been laid C. is laid D. has been laid 25. Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill. It ___ everything in its path. A. destroyed B. was destroyed C. was being destroyed D. had been destroyed 26. Dynamite ___ by Alfred Bernard Nobel. A. has been invented B. invented C. was invented D. was being invented 27. This exercise may ___ with a pencil. A. be written B. be to write C. be writing D. write 28. ___ this work ___ before you went to Moscow? A. Will / have been done B. Has / been done C. Will / be done D. Had / been done 29. If you ___ about it, will you be able to answer? A. are asked B. ask C. will be asked D. asked 30. Do you believe that such a problem can ___ ? A. solve B. be solving C. is solved D. be solved 31. “ Can’t we do something about the situation?” – “ Something ___ right now.” A. is doing B. is do C. is being done D. has been doing 32. The university ___ by private funds as well as by tuition income and gants. A. is supported B supports C. is supporting D. has supported 33. She could easily ___ for a top model. A. be mistaken B. have mistaken C. been mistaken D. to be mistaken 34. The money ___ to him 2 months ago, but it ___ back yet. A. was lent / had not been given B. has been lent / was not given C. was lent / has not given D. was lent / has not been given 35. A new underground line ___ now. They say one of its stations ___ in my street. 27
28. A. is constructed / will be built B. is being constructed / has been built C. is being constructed / will be built D. will be constructed / to be built LESSON 9 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES ( MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH TỪ ) * An adjective clause modifies a noun. It describes or gives information about anoun. ( Mệnh đề tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ. Nó mô tả hoặc cho thông tin về danh từ. ) * An adjective clause follows a noun . ( Mệnh đề tính từ theo sau danh từ ) I / Using Who,Whom ,Which ,whose in Adjective clause ( Dùng Who,Whom, Which và Whose trong mệnh đề tính từ ) 1. Ex : The man is friendly. He lives next to me. Ở thí dụ: He là đại từ chủ từ. Who lives next to me. He ám chỉ “the man”. => The man who lives next to me is friendly. Để lập một mệnh đề tính từ, Ex : The police officer was friendly. He gave me chúng ta có thể thay he bằng directions. who.Who là đại từ chủ => The police officer who gave me directions was friendly. từ.Who ám chỉ the man. 2. Ex : The man was friendly. I met him . Ở thí dụ: him là đại từ túc Whom I met từ. Him ám chỉ the man. để => The man Whom I met was friendly. lập một mệnh đề tính từ, Ex : The woman thanked me. I helped her. chúng ta có thề thay him => The woman whom I helped thanked me. bằng Whom. 3. Ex : The river is polluted. It flows through town. Which ám chỉ vật thễ, được Which flow through town. dùng như chủ từ lẫn túc từ => the river which flows througt town is polluted. trong mệnh đề tính từ. Ex : The books were expensive. I bought them . => The books which I bought were expensive. 4. Ex : The man called the police. His car was stolen. Whose chỉ sự sở hữu. Whose car => The man Whose car was stolen called the police. Ex : I know a girl. Her brother is a movie star. Whose brother =>I know a girl Whose brother is a movie star. Ex:The people were friendly.we bought their house. whose house =>The people whose house we bought were friendly. Relative Pronouns & Adverbs: Functions Subject Poss. Adv Antecedents Object Things Which Which Whose + n (of which) People Who Whom Whose + n Place Where Time When Reason Why Notes: *Where = prep + nplace *When = prep + ntime *Why = for + the reason 28
29. *‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep). *Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính khi tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, ,TOM’S HOUSE, ) - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi, ) Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away. Relative Clauses: Rel. Cl. Ant. Relative clause Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts Things + which / that + V ( + O) + S + V People + who / that + V( + O) + whom /that + S + V V ( + O) People/ things + whose + n + S + V Place + where Time + when + S + V (+ O) Reason + why Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door.  Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door? b/ She showed me the radio. She had bought it  She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought. c/ I don’t like the people. People lose their temper easily.  I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily. d/ The man works here. I saw him yesterday.  The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here. e/ The house is very large. Its door is green.  The house whose door is green is very large. f/ Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle.  Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping? g/ Vietnam is beautiful. We live in vietnam. Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful. NOTE:  Khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ của giới từ, ta có thể đặt giới từ trước đại từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH Ex: The man is Tom’s teacher. Tom is talking to him. The man to whom Tom is talking is Tom’s teacher. + I’ll introduce you to the man. I share a flat with him. I’ll introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat. + This is the magazine. I talked about it yesterday. This is the magazine about which I talked yesterday.  Giới từ không được đặt trước đại từ quan hệ WHO, THAT  Có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHO(M),WHICH, THAT, WHEN trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định. Ex: + That’s the man (whom/ that) I met at Allison’s party. + The dress (which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 29
30. Relative clauses replaced by participle phrases and to- infinitive phrases. * Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cụm phân từ hiện tại (V-ing) khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra, động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở hình thức chủ động. Ex: + The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister. + The man who spoke to John is my brother. The man speaking to John is my brother. * Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn bằng cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed) khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở hình thức bị động. Ex: The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize. The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize. * Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn bằng To-ifininitive khi đứng sau The first/ second/ the last/only ., sau so sánh nhất, hay khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn đạt mục đích, sự cho phép. Ex: + Which was the first country which won the world cup? Which was the first country to win the world cup? + The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights. The last person to leave will have turn out the lights. CLEFT SENTENCES (câu chẻ ) 1. Subject focus: It + (is/ was) + N + who/ that + V Ex: + Tom gave a rose to Mary. It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary. + The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away. It was the dog that grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away. 2. Object focus: It + (is/ was) + N + whom/ that + S + V Ex: + The girl saw the cat. It was the cat that the girl saw. + The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strange language. It was his grandfather whom the little boy greeted in a strange language. 3. Adverbial focus: It + (is/ was) + Adverbial modifier + that + S + V Ex: + She presented him a book on his birthday. It was on his birthday that she presented him a book. + He got married when he was 26. It was when he was 26 that he got married. 4. Cleft sentences in the passive: S + V + O  It + (is/ was) + O + that + be + V3 Ex: + The boy hit the dog in the garden. It was the dog that was hit in the garden. + Fans gave Christina lots of flowers.  It was Christina who/ that was given lots of flowers. EXERCISE Choose the best option to finish each sentence. 1. The woman ___ lives next door is a university professor. A. which B. who she C. who D. where she 2. This is the school ___ I used to go as a child. A. where B. which C. when D. in which 30
31. 3. That’s the man ___ house was burnt down. A. that his B. who’s C. whose D. which 4. The company ___ I work for has gone bankrupt. A. where B. which C. who D. whom 5. We’ll come in August ___ the schools are on holiday. A. that B. where C. in which D. when 6. Is there anything ___ you need? A. that B. which C. who D. whom 7. Most of the people to ___ I wrote answered my letters. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 8. 1995 was the year ___ dad was so ill. A. which B. where C. when D. that 9. I gave it to a boy___ name was Jim. A. his B. who C. whose D. whom 10. What’s the name of the restaurant ___ we ate in? A where B. in which C. that D. where in 11. Excuse me, but are you the person ___ I spoke earlier? A. to whom B. to which C. to who D. whom 12. The book ___ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive. A. who B. whose C. that D. B & C are correct 13. I don’t like people ___ lose their tempers easily. A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct 14. Mexico City, ___ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world. A. which B. whose C. that D. A & B are corre 15. This is Henry, ___ sister works for my father. A. who B. whose C. that D.All are correct 16. He’s the man ___ people like at first sight. A. who B. whom C. that D. A & C are correct 17. Could you iron the trousers ___ are hanging up behind the door? A. who B. which C. that D. B & C are correct 18. Where is the girl ___ sells tickets? A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct 19. The man___ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains. A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct 20. The artist ___ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen. A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct 21. Frank invited Janet, ___ he had met in Japan, to the party. A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct 22. The girl ___ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award. A. whose B. whom C. that D. which 23. I need to find a painting ___ will match the rest of my room. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 24. There are too many poor people ___ do not have enough to eat in the world. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 25. The trees ___ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which LESSON 10: DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( CÂU NÓI TRỰC TIẾP VÀ CÂU NÓI GIÁN TIẾP ) - Verb form usage in reported speech: sequence of tenses 31
32. If the main verb of the sentence is in the present, present perfect or future tense (e.g., say, tell ), no change is made in the verb tense or modal in the indirect speech ( reported speech). ( Nếu động từ tường thuật của câu ở thì hiện tại, hiện tại hòan thành hay tương lai ( thí dụ: say, tell ); không có sự thay đổi nào về thì của lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp. Ex : He says, “ I work hard.” = > He says (that) he works hard. Ex : They say, “ we are vorking hard.” = > They say(that) they are working hard. Ex : He says, “ I worked hard” = > He says (that) he worked hard. I / STATEMENT ( Câu trần thuật ) Direct speech ( lời nói trực tiếp) => Indirect speech ( lời nói gián tiếp) Ex: He said, “ I work hard.” => He said (that) he worked hard He said to Lan, “ I didn’t see you here yesterday” => He told Lan he hadn’t seen her(Lan) there the day before A. Saying verb ( Động từ nói / Động từ tường thuật) - said to => told. - Không đổi said nếu không có “to”. - Bỏ dấu : ; “ ” ; , và thêm liên từ “That” B. Persons ( Ngôi thứ ) _ Ngôi thứ nhất( I , We ) cùng ngôi với chủ từ của động từ nói. - Ngôi thứ hai ( you ) cùng ngôi với túc từ cùa động từ nói. _ Ngôi thứ ba ( He , She , It , They ) giữ nguyên,không đổi. Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive pronoun pronoun adjective pronoun pronoun I me my mine myself We us our ours ourselves You you your yours yourself They them their theirs themselves He him his his himself She her her hers herself It it its its itself C. Tense( Thì ) STT DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH 1 Present tense Past tense 2 Past tense Past perfect tense 3 Present perfect tense Past perfect tense 4 Present continuous tense Past continuous tense 5 Past continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense 6 Future tense Future in the past D. Một số từ chỉ nơi chốn thời gian cần phải đổi : DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Now Then This That These Those Here There Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday The day before Last week The week before Last Monday The previous Monday Ago Before Tomorrow The next day Next week The following week 32
33. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Ex : He said , “ I am tired now”. =>He said that he was tired then. Ex : He said ,“ I have to work today” =>He said that he had to work that day. Ex : They said, “ We have done our work for 3 hours.” => They said that they had done their work for 3 hours Ex : She said , “ I must work hard.” => She said that she had to work hard or he must work hard. ( past modal auxiliary ) Ex : I said to Lan, “ I don’t want to see you.” =>I told Lan that I didn’t want to see her. Ex : He said, “ I should work hard.” =>He said that he should work hard.(no change) Ex: He said, “ I ought to work hard.” => He said he ought to work hard Notice the modal verbs such as Could, would, should, might, ought to and must in indirect speech Subject + said + (that) + Subject + V + told + Object II / IMPERATIVES ( MỆNH LỆNH ) A. Affirmative Imperative ( mệnh lệnh khẳng định ) Ex: Mary said, “Please do your homework, Mai.” => Mary told Mai to do her homework. Ex: Ted said, “Please come to my party. ” => Ted invited me to come to his party. * Direct speech : V + O + Adverb * In direct speech : S + Told + ( me ) + To + V + Adverb B. NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE ( Mệnh lệnh phủ định ) Ex : She said, “ Don’t make noise.” => She told me not to make noise. Ex : The said, “ Don’t go out at night,” => They told me not to go out at night . * Direct speech : Don’t + V + O + Adverb *In direct speech : S + Told + ( me ) + Not + To + V + Adverb C. QUESTION ( YES- NO QUESTION OR WH – QUESTION ) ( Câu hỏi ) a. Saying verb ( Động từ nói ) - said to , said => asked, wanted to know - Không đổi các động từ khác. - Bỏ dấu : ; “ ” ; , * Có hai trường hợp + Câu hỏi Yes – No bắt đầu bằng trợ động từ : Am, Is , Are, Was, Were, Do, Does, Did, Will, Can, May ta dùng liên từ If or Whether thay cho các nghi vấn từ ( what, why, how, ). + Câu hỏi Wh hay How ( câu hỏi bắt đầu với What, Where, When, Who, How, How much, How many, How long), ta không dùng If để thay thế (sử dụng lai các nghi vấn từ đã có). b. Persons ( Ngôi thứ ) c. Tense (Thì ) Xem ph ầ n I d. Some words used to show place, time + Không dùng thể nghi vấn trong lời nói tường thuật. Ex : He said, “ Lan, did you see the teacher of English last year ? ” => He asked Lan if she had seen the teacher of English the year before. Ex : They said, “ Can you speak English fluently ? ” => They asked me if I could speak English fluently. Ex : I said to them, “ What are you going to do this evening ? ” 33
34. => I asked them what they were going to do that evening. Ex : He asked her, “ when will you leave England for Vietnam. ” => He asked her when she would leave England for Vietnam. what/where/ /how Subject + asked + Object + + Subject + V + wanted to know if / whether Reported Speech with Infinitive 1. S + V + O + To- infinitive (advise, ask, encourage, beg, remind, want, warn, invite, tell, order, urge, .) Ex: + “Get out of my room”, she said She told me to get out of her room. + “Could you carry some bags, Mike?” I asked Mike to carry some bags. + “Would you like to have dinner with us?” They invited me to have dinner with them. 2. S + V + To- infinitive (promise, agree, demand, refuse, offer, ) Ex: + “I’ll take you to town.” She offered to take me to town. + “I’ll never do it again.” He promised not to do it again. Reported Speech with Gerund 1. S + V + Ving (admit, deny, suggest, ) Ex: + “Let’s go to the cinema” She suggested going to the cinema. + “I stole it.” He admitted stealing it. 2. S + V + Prep + V-ing (apologize for, complain about, insist on, dream of, look forward to, object to, think of .) Ex: + “I’m sorry I’m late” She apologized for being late. + “I want to be a teacher.” She dreamed of being a teacher. 3. S + V + O + prep + V-ing (accuse of, blame for, congratulate .on, warn .about/again, thank .for, prevent from, stop .from) Ex: + “You took the money” He accused me of taking the money. + “Don’t buy this car” I warned her against that car. 34
35. Conditional in Reported Speech Khi đổi từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, chỉ lùi thì trong câu điều kiện loại 1.Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 không lùi thì. Ex: + “If I catch the plane, I’ll be home by five.” He said that if he caught the plane, he would be home by five. + She said “If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.” She said if she were me, she wouldn’t do that. + “If I had loved Tom, I wouldn’t have left him.” She said if she had loved Tom, she wouldn’t have left him. EXERCISE Choose the best option to finish each sentence 1. He said he ___ at the “Ritz” hotel. A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 2. They realized that they ___ their way in the dark. A. had lost B. lose C. lost D. was lost 3. He asked me where I ___. A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied 4. I thought that I ___ my work at that time. A. shall finish B. will finish C. should finish D. will have finished 5. He says he ___ at school two years ago. A. had worked B. works C. had been working D. worked 6. Victor said he ___ very busy. A. is B. will be C. was D. may be 7. My friend asked me who ___ the piano in the sitting- room. A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has playing 8. The policeman asked George where he ___ so early. A. is running B. ran C. was running D. runs 9. I asked my neighbor if he ___ by air before. A. ever traveled B. has ever traveled C. would ever travel D. had ever traveled 10. “Go home” said the teacher to us. A. The teacher told us to go home. B. The teacher said us to go home. C. The teacher told us go home. D. The teacher told to us to go home. 11. “Don’t forget to clean your teeth.” said Granny to Helen. A. Granny told Helen not to forget to clean her teeth. B. Granny told Helen to not forget to clean her teeth. C. Granny said to Helen not to forget to clean her teeth. D. Granny told Helen not forget to clean her teeth. 12. He said to me “Ring me up tomorrow”. A. He told me to ring him up the following day. B. He told me ring him up the following day. C. He said me to ring him up the following day. D. He told me to ring me up the following day. 13. The teacher said to me “Hand this note to your parents, please”. A. The teacher asked me to hand that note to my parents. B. The teacher asked me hand that note to my parents. C. The teacher asked me to hand that note to his parents. D. The teacher asked me hand that note to his parents. 14. “You have not done your work well” said the teacher to me. A. The teacher told me I hadn’t done my work well. B. The teacher told me I haven’t done my work well. 35
36. C. The teacher told me I hadn’t done your work well. D. The teacher told me I hadn’t done his work well. 15. “This man spoke to me on the road” said the woman. A. The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road. B. The woman said that man has spoken to me on the road. C. The woman said that man spoke to me on the road. D. The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road. 16. The woman said to her son “I’m glad I’ m here.” A. The woman told her son I was glad she was there. B. The woman told her son she was glad I was there. C. The woman told her son she was glad she was there. D. The woman told to her son she was glad she was there. 17. He said he ___ o the station to see me off. A. would come B. came C. will come D. is coming 18. I was sure he ___ the letter. A. posted B. had posted C. will post D. is posting 19. I think the weather ___ fine next week. I hope it ___ for the worse. A. would be / will not change B. would be / would not change C. will be / will not change D. will be / would not change 20. I knew that he ___ a very clever man. A. will be B. was C. had been D. is 21. I want to know what he ___ for her birthday. A. has bought B. buys C. had bought D would buy 22. I asked my sister to tell me what she ___ at the museum. A. had seen B. has seem C. had been seeing D was seeing 23. He said he ___ tomorrow morning. A. would leave B. will leave C. is leaving D. left 24. She says she ___ the book. A. already finds B. has already found C. had already found D. would already find 25. She said she ___ tell me the right time, her watch ___ wrong. A. can’t / was B. couldn’t / was C. can’t / is D. couldn’t / is 26. The delegates were told that the guide ___ out and ___ back in ten minutes. A. has just gone / will be B. has just gone / would be C. had just gone / will be D. had just gone / would be 27. He says that he ___ the laws of the country. A knew B. is knowing C. knows D. had known 28. Tom ___ that he is having a party here tomorrow evening. A. asks B. said C. says D. told 29. Claire told me that her father ___ a race horse. A. owns B. owned C. owning D. own 30. You said you chocolate, but you aren’t eating any. A. liked B. liking C. to like D. like 31. Rachel insisted they ___ plenty of time. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 32. What did that man say ___? A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you 33. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ___ raining there. A. is B. were C has been D. was 34. The builders have ___ that everything will be ready on time. A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising 35. The doctor ___ him to take more exercise. A. told B. tell C have told D. are telling 36. The last time I saw Jonathan, he looked very relaxed. He explained that he’ d been in holiday the ___ week. 36
37. A. ago B. following C. next D. previous 37. Yesterday, Laura ___ him to put some shelves up. A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked 38. Tom has ___ that this story wasn’t completely true. A. admitting B. was admitting C. admitted D. admit 39. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ___ day. A. that B. the C. then D. this 40. I wonder ___ the tickets are on the sale yet. A. what B. when C. where D. whether LESSON 11 USUAL SENTENCE PATTERNS (Các Mẫu Câu Thông Dụng ) 1A AS IF SUBJECT + V ( PRESENT ) + AS THOUGH ( Như thể là ) + S + V (Past tense ) + )past ) Ex : It is not winter. => The lady dresses as if it were winter. Ex : She doesn’t study modeling. = > She walks as if she studied modeling. 1B. AS IF SUBJECT + V ( PAST ) + + S + V ( Past Perfect ) AS THOUGH Ex : She didn’t win the grand prize. => She talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize. Ex : He didn’t see a ghost. => He looked as though he had seen a ghost. 2. DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE ALTHOUGH / THOUGH ( Dù, Mặc dù ) + CLAUSE ( S + V + COMPLEMENT ) EVEN THOUGH Ex : Though she is poor, she still goes to school. => In spite of her poverty, she still goes to school. Ex : Even though he has physical handicap, he has become a sucessful business.  Despite having physical handicap, he has become a sucessful business. 3A S + V ( BE ) + TOO AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT ( BE ) + AND + ( Mệnh đề xác định ) SO + V ( BE ) + S ( Cũng vậy, Cũng thế ) Ex : I am happy , and you are too. so are you. 3B. AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT + AND + S + AUXILIARY ONLY + TOO ( Mệnh đề xác định ) SO + AUXILIARY ONLY + S EX : They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too. so will you 3C. AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT + AND + S + do / does / did + TOO ( Mệnh đề xác định ) SO + do / does / did + S 37
38. Ex : Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too. so does my sister. 4. NEGATIVE STATEMENT + AND + S+ NEGATIVE AUXILIARY or BE + EITHER ( Mệnh đề Phủ định ) NEITHER + POSITIVE AUXILIARY OR BE + S ( Cũng không ) Ex : I didn’t see Mary this morning, and John didn’t either. neither did John. Ex : She won’t be going to the conference, and her collegues won’t either. neither will her collegues. 5. S + WOULD RATHER THAT ( Mong muốn ) + S2 + V2 / ED / WERE Ex : It is not winter now. => Jane would rather that it were winter now. Ex : His friends doesn’t work in the same departtment. => Henry would rather that his friends worked in the same department. 6A. S + Present perfect + For + Time It’s + Time + Since + S + past verb Ex : I haven’t enjoyed myself so much fo years. It’s years since I enjoyed myself for years. 6B. S + past verb + For + Time It’s + Time + Since + S + past verb Ex : The telephone rang for hours It’s hours since the telephone rang. 6C. S + past verb + Ago It’s + Time + Since + S + past verb Ex : I last saw her 5 years ago. It’s is 5 years since I saw her. 7. PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE ( Thì hiện tai giả định) : Có hình thức giống như nguyên thể của động từ. Thì hiện tại giả định được dùng trong mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng That. A. S + V + THAT + S + [ V (in simple form) ] ORDER, COMMAND (ra lệnh) , REQUEST, ASK (yêu cầu) , DEMAND, REQUIRE ( đòi hỏi ) , PROPOSE , SUGGEST(đề nghị) , INSIT ( khăng khăng), URGE (hối thúc) Ex : He demanded that he be allowed to meet his lawyer. Ex : The doctor suggested that his patient ( should ) stop smoking. Ex : The child urges that his father take him to the zoo. B. AFTER THE EXPRESSIONS ( Sau những thành ngữ ) IT + BE ( Any tense ) + ADJECTIVE + THAT + SUBJECT + VERB – IN SMPLE FORM It is necessary It is essential It is imperative + That + S + [ V (in simple form) ] It is important It is advisible It is urgent Ex : It is necessay that your mother follow the doctor’advice. Ex : It is advisible that you be careful in the laboratory. 8. STRUCTURE WITH PREVENT S + Be + So + Adj + That + S + V ( Negative ) S + V + Because of + Noun Or Because + S + V S + V + So That + S + V S + Prevent + Someone / Something + From + V- ing / Noun Ex : The sea was so rough that the ferry couldn’t sail. => The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing. Ex : The water was everywhere and we couldn’t save the victims of the flood. => The immense water prevented us saving the victims of the flood. 9. S + BE + NOT USED TO + V – ING / NOUN THIS IS THE FIRST TIME + S + HAVE + V3 Ex : This is the first time my daughter has eaten European food. 38
39. => My daughter is not used to eating European food. 10. S + BE + USED TO + V – ING / NOUN S + OFTEN / USUALLY + V Ex : My French friend finds driving on the left difficult. => My French friend isn’t used to driving on the left. Ex : I often get up early. => I am used to getting up early. 11. S + PREFER + V-ING + TO + V-ING S + WOULD RATHER +V + THAN + V Sth + TO + Sth S + LIKE BETTER THAN Ex : She prefers staying at home to going to market. => She would rather stay at home than go to market. Ex : They prefer coffee to tea. => They like coffee better than tea. 12. S + HAS / HAVE BEEN + V3/ED / V-ING + SINCE / FOR . S + BEGAN / STARTED + V-ING/ TO + V + TIME + AGO Ex : He has been working in this factory for over 20 years. => Over 20 years ago, he began to work in this factory. 13. HOW LONG IS IT SINCE + S + PAST VERB WHEN + DID + S + V ? Ex : How long is it since we met them. => When did we meet them. 14. S + HAVEN’T BEEN + TO + A PLACE IT + BE + ONE’S FIRST VISIT + TO + A PLACE Ex : I haven’t been to North America. It is my first visit to North America. 15. IT IS HIGH TIME ( Đã đến lúc ) A. IT IS HIGH TIME + TO + V IT IS HIGH TIME + FOR SOMEONE + TO + V Ex : It is high time to go. EX : It is high time for them to leane the office. B. IT IS HIGH TIME + S + V ( PAST SUBJUNCTIVE ) Ex : We should do something about it now. It is high time we did something about it now. 16. a. LET’S + V b. IN MY OPINION S + SUGGEST + THAT c. S + ADVISE + S + PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE d. WHY DON’T YOU DO SOMETHING Ex : “ Let’t go for a walk in the park, ” said Ann. => Ann suggested that we should go for a picnic in the park. Ex : “ Why doesn’t Tom buy this picture as a wedding present ” said Mary. => Mary suggested that Tom buy this picture as a wedding present. 17. AS LONG AS / SO THAT S1 + V1 + SO THAT / SUCH THAT + S2 + V2 WHEN / IF / BECAUSE DUE TO / THE FACT THAT Ex : Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. => As long as you keep calm, you can pass your driving test. Ex : He lost his money simple because he was not careful. => If he had been careful, he wouldn’t have lost money. 39
40. 18. ( S ) + REMEMBER + TO DO STH ( S ) + DON’T FORGET + TO DO STH Ex: Remember to check your flight number. => Don’t forget to check your flight number. Ex : Don’t forget to make friends with her. => remember to make friends with her. 19. Immediately No sooner + Had + S + V3 +Than + S + past tense The moment Just As soon As Hardly + Had + S + V3 + When + S + V2 Ex : Immediately after his appointment to the post , the new editor fell ill. => No sooner had he appointed the post, the new editor fell ill. Ex : Just after solving the problem, I was faced with another. => Hardly had I solved the problem, I was faced with another. Ex : She was wrong to think that her husband didn’t love her. => Contrary to what she think, her husband didn’t love her. 20. a. NO MATTER HOW + ADJ / ADV + S + V b. NO MATTER WHAT + S + V c. NO MATTER WHERE + S + V Ex : It doesn’t whether you are busy or not, he always insits on coming with you. => No matter how busy you are or not, he always insits on coming with you. Ex :Wherever he’s hiding, we must find him. We must find him wherever he is hiding. 21. S + V + SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT– CLAUSE Ex : I am very busy. I have no time to visit you I am so busy that I have no time to visit you. 22. S + V + SUCH ( A/AN ) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT _ CLAUSE Ex : He asked me such difficult questions that I couldn’t answer them. Ex : Tea is very hot. They couldn’t drink it. It is such hot tea that they couldn’t drink it. Ex : She is very kind . Everybody loves her. She is such a kind girl that everybody loves her. 23. S + V + SO MANY + Plural Countable NOUN + THAT – CLAUSE SO MUCH + Singular Uncountable NOUN Ex : He has so many books that he can’t read all of them. Ex : There was so much noise that I couln’t sleep. 24. IT + BE + NOT UNTIL THAT - CLAUSE = cho đến mới Ex : He didn’t become a doctor until 1990.  It was not until 1990 that he became a doctor. Ex: She won’t get married until 2008. => It is not until 2008 she will get married. 25. S + V + NOT ONLY + NOUN + BUT ALSO + NOUN ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADVERB PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE PRE.P PHRASE không những mà còn 0r S + NOT ONLY + VERB + BUT ALSO ( BUT AS WELL ) + VERB Ex : Robert is not only talented but also handsome. Ex : Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin. Ex : Joln not only plays the piano but also composes music. Ex : She is not only beatiful but also kind. <> She is not only beatiful but kind as well. 26. BECAUSE + CLAUSE ( SUBJECT + VERB ) 40
41. BECAUSE OF + ADJECTIVE + NOUN Ex : He is absent because he is sick . He is absent because of his sickness. Ex : Because it rained heavily, they didn’t go to work. Because of the heavy rain, they didn’t go to work. 27. NOUN NOUN S + V + ADJECTIVE + AS WELL AS + ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADVERB PREP. PHRASE PREP. PHRASE ( CŨNG NHƯ ) or SUBJECT + V + AS WELL AS + VERB Ex : Robert is talented as well as handsome. Ex : Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music. 28. Causative Form: Thể sai khiến GET SOMEONE TO - Infinitive HAVE V(bare infinitive) EX : He got Daisy to move this chair away. Ex : They had me go to the market to buy some food. GET SOMETHING V ed / V3 BY SOMEONE HAVE Ex : She got her car repaired by Peter. Ex : Why didn’t you have your house painted ? 29. TOO + ADJ / ADV + TO – Infinitive Ex : He is too young to go to school. He is so young that he can’t go to school. Ex : You run too fast for me to keep pace with . You run so fast that I can’t keep pace with. 30. ADJ / ADV + ENOUGH + TO – Infinitive ENOUGH + NOUN + TO - Infinitive Ex : He is not old enough to get married. Ex : I don’t have enough money to invite her to eat at a five - star restaurant. 31. SO + ADJ + AS + TO – Infinitive Ex : He was so foolish as to leave his family. Ex : Would you be so good as to send my letter ? TEST Make the best choice to finish each sentence 1. He started learning French six years ago. A. He has learned French for six years. B. It was six years ago did he start learning French. C. He hasn’t learnt French for six years. D. It is six years since he has learnt French. 2. People believed he won a lot of money on the lottery. A. He is believed that he won a lot of money on the lottery. B. He won a lot of money on the lottery, it is believed. C. He is believed to have won a lot of money on the lottery. D. He was believed to win a lot of money on the lottery. 3. “ Why don’t you get your hair cut, Gavin? ” Said Adam. A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair. B. Gavin was suggested to have a haircut. C. It was suggestible that Adam get Gavin’s haircut. D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut. 41
42. 4. “ Leave my house now or I’ll call the police! ” shouted the lady to the man. A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her house. B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn’t leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house 5. I’ve never eaten this food before. A. It’s the first time I’ve eaten this food. B. It’s the most tasty food I’ve ever eaten. C. I’ve never eaten such a good food before. D. The food is so good that I’ve never eaten before. 6. “I will pay back the money, Gloria.” Said Ivan. A. Ivan apologized to Gloria for borrowing her money. B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back. C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria’s money. D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria. 7. The woman was too weak to lift the basket. A. Although she was weak, she could lift the basket. B. The woman shouldn't have lifted the basket because she was so weak. C. She was so weak that she couldn't lift the basket. D. The woman lifted the basket, so she wasn't very weak. 8. "If I were you, I would take a break," Tom said to Daisy. A. Tom wanted to take a break with Daisy. B. Tom advised Daisy to take a break. C. Tom suggested not taking a break. D. Tom wanted to take a break, and so did Daisy. 9. They got success since they took my advice. A. If they did not take my advice, they would not get success. B. They took my advice, and failed. C. But for taking my advice, they would not have got success. D. My advice stopped them from getting success. 10. I am very interested in the book you lent me last week. A. The book is interesting enough for you to lend me last week. B. It was the interesting book which you lent me last week. C. The book which you lent me last week is too interesting to read. D. The book that you lent me last week interests me a lot 11. They did not let me in because I was not a member of the club. A. They invited me although I was not a member of the club. B. They did not allow me to enter because I was not a member of the club. C. They invited me to the clubs as if I had been a member. D. They asked me to get out of the club because I was not a member. 12. His eel soup is better than any other soups I have ever eaten. A. Of all the soups I have ever eaten, his eel soup is the best. B. I have ever eaten many soups that are better than his eel soup. C. His eel soup is the worst of all soups I have eaten. D. His eel soup is good but I have ever eaten many others better. 13. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago. A. I have not been to the museum for a year. B. A year ago, I often went to the museum. C. My going to the museum lasted a year. D. At last I went to the museum after a year 14. They are not allowed to go out in the evening by their parents. A. Their parents do not want them to go out in the evening. B. Their parents never let them to go out in the evening. C. Going out in the evening is permitted by their parents. 42
43. D. Although their parents do not allow, they still go out in the evening. 15. I have not met her for three years. A. The last time I met her was three years ago. B. It is three years when I will meet her. C. I did not meet her three years ago. D. During three years, I met her once. 16. "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary. A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress. B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress. C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress. D. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dres 17. This is the first time I attend such an enjoyable wedding party. A. The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable. B. I had the first enjoyable wedding party. C. My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable. D. I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before. 18. I have not met her for three years. A. It is three years since I didn’t meet her. B. It is three years when I will meet her. C. I did not meet her three years ago. D. During three years, I met her once. 19. Barry continued to smoke even though we had advised him to quit. A. Barry took our advice so he stopped smoking. B. If we had advised Barry, he would have quit smoking. C. Barry did not quit smoking because of our advice. D. Despite being told not to smoke, Barry continued to do. 20. Many people think Steve stole the money. A. It was not Steve who stole the money. B. Steve is thought to have stolen the money. C. Many people think the money is stolen by Steve. D. The money is thought to be stolen by Steve. 21. Nancy isn’t used to walking so far A. Nancy used to walk farther B. Nancy doesn’t like to walk so far C. Nancy isn’t accustomed to walking very far D. Nancy needed help to walk so far 22. Even though it was raining heavily, the explorers decided to continue their journey. A. It rained so heavily that the explorers could not continue their journey. B. The explorers put off their journey due to the heavy rain. C. The heavy rain could not prevent the explorers from continuing their journey. D. If it had rained heavily, the explorers would not have continued their journey. 26. The roads were slippery because it snowed heavily. A. It snowed too heavily to make the roads slippery. B. The heavy snow prevented the roads from-being slippery. C. Thanks to the slip of the roads, it snowed heavily. D. The heavy snow made the roads slippery. 27. I did not understand what the lecturer was saying because I had not read his book. A. What the lecturer wrote and said was too difficult for me to understand. B. The lecturer's book which I had not read was difficult to understand. C. I found it very difficult to understand what the lecturer said in his book. D. I would have understood what the lecturer was saying if I had read his book. 28. Because they made too many mistakes, they failed in the exam A. They made very many mistakes that they failed in the exam B. They made too many mistake for them to fail in the exam 43
44. C. They made so many mistakes that they failed in the exam D. They made such many mistakes that they failed in the exam 29. She locked the door so as not to be disturbed A. She locked the door in order that she wouldn’t be disturbed B. She locked the door to be not disturbed C. She locked the door for her not to be disturbed D. She locked the door so that not to not to be disturbed 30. Fewer people came to the meeting than we had expected A. Too many people came to the meeting B. There were more people at the meeting than we had expected C. We had expected more people to come to the meeting D. There were not enough seats for all people as we had expected 31. Mary tried to keep calm although she was very disappointed. A. Mary was too disappointed to keep calm. B. Disappointed as she was, Mary tried to keep calm. C. Mary lost her temper because of her disappointment. D. Feeling disappointed, Mary tried to keep calm, but she failed. 32. I do apologize for my forgetting your birthday. A. I did forget your birthday B. I am really sorry I forgot your birthday C. I am not sorry at all because I remember your birthday D. I never apologize for my forgetting birthday 33. Ann never wants to see another horror film. A. Ann hasn’t seen a horror films B. Ann has enjoyed all horror films she has seen C. Ann is tired of seeing all horror films D. She is anxious not to miss the next horror film 34. You’d better take a taxi; it was raining hard outside. A. You’d better take a taxi in case it was raining B. She gave us a lift because it was raining heavily C. She advised us to take a taxi because it was raining outside D. She didn’t lend us any raincoats but a taxi 35. My brother and I go to that school. A. I went to that school and my brother, too B. I went to that school and so my brother did C. I went to that school and so did my brother D. I went to that school and so my brother did, too 36. The meeting was put off because of pressure of time. A. There were not enough time to hold the meeting B. people wanted to get away, so the meeting began early C. The meeting was planned to start in a short time D. The meeting lasted much longer than usual 37. When they arrived, the good seats were already taken. A. They didn’t get good seats because they arrived too late B. They arrived late enough to get good seats C. They had to stand for the whole show D. We couldn’t get good seats although we arrived early 38. He could not afford to buy the car. A. He couldn’t buy the car because it was too expensive B. He bought the car because it was expensive C. He bought the car though it was expensive D. He had enough money but he didn’t buy the car 39. Tam is not good at English and neither am I. A. Neither Tam nor I am good at English 44
45. B. Either Tam or I am good at English C. I’m not as good at English as Tam is D. Tam isn’t good at English but I am 40. I’m always nervous when I travel by air. A. I feel safe when I travel by air C. Travelling by air always makes me nervous B. I’ve never travel buy because some times feel nervous D. I always feel nervous, so I never travel by air . 41. “Let’s go on a walking today?”, said Trang A. Jane suggested going on a walking B. Jane wanted us to going on a walking C. Jane suggested to go on a walking D. Jane allow us to go on a walking 42. “ I’m sorry I have to leave so early” he said A. He apologized for having to leave early B. He apologizes for having to leave early C. He apologize for having to leave early D. He apologize of having to leave early 43. “Why don’t you put a better lock on the door?" said John. A. John suggested to put a better lock on the door. B. John asked why not putting a better lock on the door. C. John suggested putting a better lock on the door. D. John made us put a better lock on the door. 44. Although his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. A. Despite his legs to be broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. B. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before exploding. C. Despite his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. D. Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before it exploded. 45. The police made the youth empty his pockets. A. The youth was made empty his pocket by the police. B. The youth was made to empty his pocket. C. The youth was asked for emptying his pocket by the police. D. The youth was asked by the police for emptying his pocket. 46. The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house. A. Plans have been drawn for an extension to the house by the architect. B. The house has had its plans for an extension drawn by the architect. C. Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect. D. The architect has had the plans drawn for an extension to the house. 47. Slow down ___. A. In case you will get and accident. B. Provided that you would get and accident. C. And you will get and accident. D. Or you will get an accident. 48. I regret behaving so impolitely with her and she was disappointed. A. Unless I behave so impolitely with her, she would not be disappointed. B. Provided that I did not behave so impolitely with her, she would not be disappointed. C. I wish I did not behave so impolitely with her. D. If I had not behaved so impolitely with her, she would not have been disappointed. 49. If the bag had not been heavy, we would have taken it with us. A. The bag is heavy, so we cannot take it with us. B. The bag was heavy, so we could not take it with us. C. Because the bag was heavy so we could not take it with us. D. We took the bag with us although it was heavy. 50. Unfortunately, I don’t know Philosophy, so I can’t answer your question. A. If I know Philosophy, I can answer your question. B. If I know Philosophy, I will be able to answer your question. 45