Lý thuyết và bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12: Inversion (Đảo ngữ)

Nội dung text: Lý thuyết và bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12: Inversion (Đảo ngữ)

1. INVERSION : ĐẢO NGỮ Tại sao lại gọi là ĐẢO NGỮ? Bình thường câu khẳng định và phủ định sẽ có dạng: S (+ Trợ động từ) + ADV + V (Trạng từ có thể đứng cuối câu) Vd: I will never forget them. ĐẢO NGỮ là dạng mà TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ và TRẠNG TỪ bị ĐẢO LÊN ĐẦU CÂU TRƯỚC CHỦ NGỮ. Ví dụ: - NEVER WILL I forget them. * Lưu ý: Câu Hỏi cũng là 1 dạng Đảo Ngữ. (Are you tired? Where did she go?) DẠNG 1: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH Các Trạng từ phủ định hay dùng cho dạng này: - never: không bao giờ - hardly: hầu như không - little: ít khi, hiếm khi - rarely: hiếm khi- seldom: hiếm khi - scarcely: hiếm khi- hardly ever: hầu như không bao giờ * Công thức: TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V. Vd: - Seldom do they eat meat (hiếm khi họ ăn thịt) (*) CHÚ Ý: với HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN và QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN khi đã mượn trợ động từ (DO, DOES, DID), Động từ chính của câu luôn là NGUYÊN THỂ. Vd: - Little does she visit here. (ít khi cô ấy thăm nơi này) DẠNG 2: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CẤU TRÚC VỚI NO Bao gồm: - at no time: không bao giờ - on no condition: không đủ khả năng, dù thế nào - on no account: không thể nào, không trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào - under/ in no circumstances: không bao giờ - for no searson: không có lý do gì - in no way: không thể nào, không thể - no longer: không nữa - nowhere: không ở nơi nào (công thức giống Dạng 1) Vd: - For no reason will we surrender (chúng ta sẽ không đầu hàng vì bất kỳ lí do gì) - No longer does he work here (ông ta không làm việc ở đây nữa) DẠNG 3: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SUCH VÀ SO A. SO * SO + ADJ + BE (chia) + S + THAT + S + V + O Và * SO + ADV + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V + THAT + S + V + O (ít gặp) Vd: - So angry was the man that he beat all the woman. (người đàn ông quá tức giận đến nỗi hắn đánh mụ ta) - So stupid are you that you will die. (Mày quá ngu đến nỗi mày sẽ chết) - So quickly did she run that they couldn't catch them. B. SUCH SUCH + BE(chia) (+ A/AN) + N + THAT + S + V + O Hoặc: SUCH (+ A/AN) + N + BE + S + THAT + S + V + O Vd: - Such is a beautiful girl that all boys love her (1 cô gái quá đẹp đến nỗi bọn con trai đều thích) hoặc - Such a beautiful girl is she that all boys love her.
2. DẠNG 4: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI: "HARDLY WHEN " * HARDLY + HAD + S + VP2 + WHEN + S + V- quá khứ đơn. (vừa mới thì) Vd - Hardly had she left home when it rained (cô ta vừa ra ngoài thì trời mưa) - Hardly had the chopper taken off when it exploded (máy bay trực thăng vừa cất cánh thì nó bị nổ) DẠNG 5: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÓ ONLY * LOẠI 1: - only once: chỉ 1 lần - only later: chỉ sau đó - only in this/ that way: chỉ bằng cách này/ cách đó - only after + /v-ing/ n: chỉ sau khi - only by v_ing/ n: chỉ bằng cách, bằng việc - only with + n: chỉ với - only then: chỉ sau đó - only + giới từ + thời gian: chỉ vào lúc => CÁC CỤM NÀY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V Vd:- Only by practising frequenly can you play footbell well. (chỉ bằng việc tập luyện thường xuyên chú mới có thể chơi bóng đá giỏi) * LOẠI 2: - only when: chỉ khi - only after: chỉ sau khi - only if: chỉ nếu mà => CÁC CỤM NÀY + S1 + V1+ O1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2 (CÁC CỤM NÀY + S1 + V1+ O1 + ĐẢO NGỮ) Vd: - Only when she left did he understand her love for him. (chỉ khi cô ấy ra đi, anh ấy mới hiểu được tình yêu của cô ấy cho mình) DẠNG 6: Đảo ngữ với: NOT ONLY BUT ALSO (không những mà còn) * NOT ONLY + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S + V1 + BUT + S + ALSO + V2 (V1 sẽ nguyên thể nếu đó là Hiện tại đơn hoặc Qúa khứ đơn – V2 sẽ vẫn giữ nguyên dạng theo THÌ) Vd: - Not only did he steal the car but he also burnt the house. (Nó không chỉ ăn cắp xe hơi mà còn đốt nhà) * CHÚ Ý: vị trí của vế BUT ALSO có thể khác một chút nhưng đây là dạng PHỔ BIẾN) DẠNG 7: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NOT UNTIL (TILL) ((mãi) cho đến khi/ chỉ khi thì mới ) * NOT UNTIL + THỜI GIAN/ S1 + V1 + TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ + S2 + V2. (NOT UNTIL + THỜI GIAN/ S + V + ĐẢO NGỮ) Vd: - Not until I went to bed did i remember the task ((Mãi) Cho đến khi/ chỉ khi tao đi ngủ thì tao mới nhớ đến nhiệm vụ) - Not until 11 p.m will he come back. (mãi đến lúc 11 giờ đêm nó mới về) DẠNG 8: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO SOONER THAN (vừa mới thì ) Dạn này giống với dạng 4 "hardly when ": 1 vế QKHT và 1 vế QKĐ) * NO SOONER + HAD + S + VP2 + THAN + S + V-quá khứ đơn. Vd: - No sooner had he died than his sons fought for his property. (Lão vừa mới chết thì những thằng con trai lão tranh giành tài sản)
3. DẠNG 9: ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ CHUYỂN ĐỘNG - round and round: vòng quanh - to and fro: đi đi lại lại - up and down: lên lên xuống xuống - away: rời xa - off: rời xa (còn nhiều nữa) => CÁC CỤM NÀY + ĐỘNG TỪ + S Vd: - Round and round flies the bird (con chim bay vòng quanh) - Away ran the thief (tên trộm chuồn mất) * CHÚ Ý: nếu như CHỦ NGỮ là 7 ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG (I, WE, YOU, THEY, HE, SHE, IT) –cấu trúc sẽ là: => TRẠNG TỪ + S + V Vd: - AWAY HE RAN (nó chạy trốn) DẠNG 10: ĐẢO NGỮ GIỚI TỪ CHỈ ĐỊA ĐIỂM - here: ở đây - there: ở đó - Giới từ (in, on, at, from, to ) + đia điểm => CÁC CỤM NÀY + V + S. Vd: - There came the guests. (những người khách đã đến đó) - In the kitchen was a ghost (1 con ma ở trong bếp) * CHÚ Ý: nếu như CHỦ NGỮ là 7 ĐẠI TỪ NHÂN XƯNG (I, WE, YOU, THEY, HE, SHE, IT) – cấu trúc sẽ là: GIỚI TỪ + ĐỊA ĐIỂM + S + V Vd: - HERE WE ARE (chúng tao ở đây) DẠNG 11: ĐẢO NGỮ với CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN (1) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 1: * SHOULD + S + V-nguyên thể, S + WILL + V-nguyên thể Vd: - Should she come late, he will beat her. (Nếu cô ấy đến muộn, hắn sẽ đánh cô ấy) (nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ) (2) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 2 * WERE + S + TO + V-nguyên thể, S + WOULD + V-nguyên thể Vd: - Were I to quit the job, I wouldn't have enough money. (Nếu tôi bỏ việc, tôi sẽ không có đủ tiền) (nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ) - Nếu sau nó là Danh từ hoạc Tính từ thì có thể bỏ cụm TO V. Vd: Were I you, I would go home (3) Câu điều kiện LOẠI 3 * HAD + S + VP2, S + WOULD HAVE + VP2 Vd: - HAD WE KNOWN your address, we would have visited you. (Nếu chúng tôi biết địa chỉ của ông, chúng tôi đã đến thăm ông rồi) (nếu phủ định thì cho NOT sau chủ ngữ) ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI MỘT SỐ DẠNG KHÁC với Dạng 4: HARDLY HAD + S + V-p2 + WHEN + S + V-quá khứ đơn. => HARDLY có thể thay bằng dạng có BARELY hoặc SCARCELY BARELY/ SCARCELY HAD + S + V-p2 + WHEN + S + V-quá khứ đơn. (vừa mới thì ) Vd: - barely/ scarcely had we set off when it snowed. (Chúng tao vừa khởi hành thì trời đổ tuyết) BÀI TẬP Bài 1. Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
4. 1. He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone. => So ___ 2. He hardly bought a new bike wwhen he had an accident. (1) => Hardly___ (2) => No sooner___ 3. The thief ran away. => Away___ 4. I could drive a car only when I reached 30. => Only when___ 5. If he goes to school, he will have money. => Should___ 6. The man not only beat the child but also took all her money. => Not only___ 7. She will never accept his proposal. => At no time___ 8. Mr. Bean rarely showed his intelligence. => Rarely___ 9. I phone him as soon as I went home. (1) => No sooner___ (2) => Scarcely___ 10. If you had followed the advice, you would have succeeded. => Had___ 11. He dived into the sea. => Into 12. If he had money, he would travel. => Were___ 13. She is such a gentle girl that she speaks very softly. => Such___ 14. The girl lay on the bed. => On___ 15. It was not until she was 18 that she went abroad. => Not until___ 16. We can only improve our skills by training hard. => Only___ 17. They are here. => Here___ 18. He no longer drinks coffee. => No___ 19. He stood outside the door. => Outside___ 20. It was not until they were robbed of money that they became more careful. => Not until___ Bài 2. Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 1. She had never been so happy before. => Never before 2. I have never heard such nonsense! => Never 3. I have never seen such a mess in my life. => Never in my life 4. Our profits have never been higher than they are this year.
5. => Never 5. The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration. =>Never 6. I've never come across such a horrifying film. => Never 7. I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production. => Never 8. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you. => Never 9. I'll never forget you. => Never Bài 3. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 1. One rarely finds good service these days. =>Rarely 2. She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village. => Rarely 3. Public borrowing has seldom been so high. => Seldom 4. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony. => Seldom 5. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success. => Little 6. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent => Little 7. He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom Bài 4. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT. 1. He is my friend as well as yours. => Not only 2. He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me. => Not only 3. Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder. => Not only 4. He is both intelligent and handsome. => Not only . 5. She is impatient and dishonest. => Not only 6. The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat. => Not 7. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations. => Not 8. She is not only beautiful but also attractive. => Not 9. He translated not only fast but also correctly. => Not 10. They are not only good at mathematics but also at science. => Not 11. She not only sings but also dances. => Not
6. Bài 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 1. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang. => No sooner ___ ___ 2. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. => Hardly ___ ___ 3. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang. => Not until ___ ___ 4. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months. => Only ___ ___ 5. A sleeping dog was lying under the table. => Under the table ___ 6. His brother had rarely been more excited. => Rarely___ ___ 7. The facts were not all made public until later. => Only___ ___ 8. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job. => Had___ ___ Bài 6. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. => Only ___. 2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. => Only ___. 3. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat. => Only ___. 4. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage. => Only ___. 5. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating. => Only ___. 6. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left. => Only ___. 7. I didn’t realize who he was until later. => Only ___. 8. The door could not be opened without using force. => Only ___. 9. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized. => Only ___. 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day. => Only ___. Bài 7. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD. 1. If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win. => Should___. 2. If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M => Should___. 3. If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice. => Should___. 4. If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April. => Should___. 5. If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
7. => Should___. 6. If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form. => Should___. 7. If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here. => Should___. Bài 8. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD 1. If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing. => Were ___. 2. Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were ___. 3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. => Had___. 4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car. => Were ___. 5. If I were you, I would tell him the truth. => Were ___. 6. If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them. => Were ___. 7. If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry. => Had___. 8. If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work. => Had___. 9. If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something. => Had___. 10. If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train. => Had___. Bài 9. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH. 1. The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach. => So___. 2. He is so strong that he can lift the box. => So___. 3. He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him. => Such___. 4. He ate so much food that he became ill. => So___. 5. It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it. => Such___. 6. He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them. => So___. 7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her. => Such___. 8. This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it => So___. 9. He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him. => Such___. 10. She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair. => So___. 11. It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road. => Such___. 12. This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup.
8. => So___. Bài 10. I Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it. 1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me. => Not only___ 2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang. => No sooner ___ 3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. => Hardly ___ 4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang. => Not until ___ 5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months. => Only ___ 6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you. => Never ___ 7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table. => Under the table ___ 8. His brother had rarely been more excited. => Rarely___ 9. The facts were not all made public until later. => Only___ 10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job. => Had___ 11. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff. => Such___ 12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder. => Not only ___ 13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer. => Little ___ 14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me? => Should___ 15. The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way. => In ___ 16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled. => So ___ 17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election. => Were___ 18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door. => No sooner ___ 19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed. => Such___ 20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March. => Seldom___ 21. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked. => Only___ 22. Just after the play started there was a power failure. => Hardly___ 23. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this. => Rarely___ 24. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
9. => Scarcely___. 25. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage. => On no___. 26. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record. => Never before___. 27. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began. => Barely___. 28. She seldom misses a lecture. => Seldom___. 29. As soon as we had come home, it started to rain => No sooner___. 30. As soon as we had turned on the TV, the electricity went out. => Hardly ___. 31. I have never been embarrassed like that! => Never ___. 32. She had never experienced this exhilarating emotion in her life. => Never ___. 33. He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom___. 34. I have seldom seen him looking so miserable. => Seldom___. 35. As soon as I had got out of the bed, the phone rang. => Scarcely ___. 36. As soon as he had finished dinner, she walked in the door. => No sooner ___. 37. I only understood the problem then. => Only ___. 38. We will be only able to accomplish this great task by working hard. => Only ___. 39. You can only pass this exam by studying hard. => Only ___. 40. You can only understand it when you grow up. => Only ___. 41. I can only forgive you if you tell me the truth. => Only ___. 42. I only realized that I'd seen it before after the film started. => Only ___. 43. The situation was so strange that I couldn’t sleep. => So ___. 44. The test is so difficult that students need three months to prepare. => So ___. 45. The exercise is so easy that every students can do it easily. => So ___. 46. He not only studies well, but also he sings well. => Not only ___. 47. If you meet her, please call me! => Should ___. 48. If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened => Had___ ___.