Lý thuyết và bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Ngữ pháp: Subjunctive

Nội dung text: Lý thuyết và bài tập Tiếng Anh Lớp 12 - Ngữ pháp: Subjunctive

1. Subjunctive FORM Use the simple form of the verb. The simple form is the infinitive without the "to." The simple form of the verb "to go" is "go." The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. USE The Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used after certain expressions (see below). Examples: • I suggest that he study. • Don recommended that you join the committee. • Is it essential that we be there? NOTICE The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. In the examples below, the Subjunctive is not noticeable in the you-form of the verb, but it is noticeable in the he-form of the verb. Examples: • You try to study often. YOU-FORM OF "TRY" • He tries to study often. HE-FORM OF "TRY" • It is important that you try to study often. SUBJUNCTIVE FORM OF • It is important that he try to study often. SUBJUNCTIVE FORM OF "TRY" LOOKS THE SAME. "TRY" IS NOTICEABLE HERE. Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs: to advise (that) to desire (that) to request (that) to ask (that) to insist (that) to suggest (that) to command (that) to propose (that) to urge (that) to demand (that) to recommend (that) Examples: • Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end of the month. • Donna requested Frank come to the party. • The teacher insists that her students be on time. Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions: It is best (that) It is imperative (that) It is vital (that) It is crucial (that) It is important (that) It is a good idea (that) It is desirable (that) It is recommended (that) It is a bad idea (that) It is essential (that) It is urgent (that) Examples: • It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives. • It is important she attend the meeting. • It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon. Negative, Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive The Subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive forms. Negative Examples: • The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. • The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls during business hours. • I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary. Passive Examples: • Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. • Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. • We suggested that you be admitted to the organization. Continuous Examples: • It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. • It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. • I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home. Should as Subjunctive After many of the above expressions, the word "should" is sometimes used to express the idea of subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in British English and is most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend" and "insist." Examples: • The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about the problem. • Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for the final exam. Practice A. 1. It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine 4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public twice a day. education system. What we do now will affect our country 2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before for generations to come. assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is 5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until riding down a hill. they had removed their shoes. 3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) 6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately. Her apartment was freezing. immediately (apologize) for what she just said.
2. 7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next hotel being built on the bay. week. 14. She told me that the government (regulate) the airline 8. Was it really necessary that I (sit) there watching you the industry. I don't know if that is true. entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring 15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after watching you repeat the scenes over and over again. eating a large meal. 9. It is important to remember that Janine (think) very 16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made while the children are taking their swimming lessons. in the organization of the company. 17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock 10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all immediately before you get a sun burn. (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way. 18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he 11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's will not attend. information desk so his parents could be paged. 19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia. 12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily 20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to fat intake. global warming before the weather patterns of the world are disrrupted 13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the irreparably. people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new B. 1) It is very important that all employees in their proper 6) If only Jughead a little more responsible in his choice of uniforms before 6.30 am courses ! be dressed are dressed will be dressed was has been were 2) I wish my brother here 7) If Mrs Lincoln ill that night, the Lincolns would not have gone was will be were to Ford Theatre 3) The coach insisted that Fabio the center position, even were had been was though he’s much too short for that position 8) Her employees treated Mrs Greenblatt as though she a queen. play plays played was had been were 4) Evelyn Pumita moved that the meeting 9) If his parents more careful in his upbringing, Holden be adjourned should be adjourned was adjourned Caulfield would have been quite different 5) My mother would know what to do. Oh, would that she here could be were had been with us now ! 10) I wish I better today has been were was have felt felt feel C. 1) If I you, I would talk to the manager. 1) If I you, I would talk to the manager. was were had was had were 2) If I a rich man! 2) If I a rich man! had was were had was were 3) If I more time, I would show you my office. 3) If I more time, I would show you my office. were had have had have were 4) If she my girlfriend, I would buy her roses every day. 4) If she my girlfriend, I would buy her roses every day. had were has were had has 5) I wish you here. 5) I wish you here. was were had had were was 6) Do you surf ? - No but I wish I . 6) Do you surf ? - No but I wish I . can could were could can were 7) I’d rather you another time. 7) I'd rather you another time. came come coming came coming come 8) Horatio would rather people about his test monkeys. 8) Horatio would rather people about his test monkeys. didn’t know knew don’t know don't know knew didn't know 9) It’s about time Will . 9) It's about time Will . was retired had retired retired was retired had retired retired 10) It’s high time that you and I a chat about it. 10) It's high time that you and I a chat about it. had was have had was have D. 1. If I (be) you,I would not do such a thing. mistakes. 2. Suppose our teacher couldn’t come, who (will) take his 7. If we (be) there, we could have seen the parade. place? 8. People would believe my story if I (be) not so young. 3. If he (follow) the doctor’s advice, he would not have died. 9. If I (know) how to ski, I would have joined you. 4. If you (shall) ever see him, please hand him this note. 10. If he (go over) his lessons yesterday, he would have passed 5. If I (know) her well, I would tell you about her. the exam now. 6. If she (be) more careful, she wouldn’t have made these 11. If you helped him, he (be) happy now.
3. B. ANSWERS: 7. had been 3. had 9. retired 6) had been 1. be dressed 8. were 4. were 10. had 7) had been 2. were 9. had been 5. were D. 1) were 8) were 3. play 10. felt 6. could 2) would 9) had known 4. be adjourned C. ANSWERS: 7. came 3) had followed 10) had gone over 5. were 1. were 8. didn't know 4) should 11) would be 6. were 2. were 5) knew