Tài liệu ôn thi THPT Quốc gia môn Tiếng Anh - Đỗ Bình

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TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Chú ý: Tất cả các bài giảng, bài tập, đề mẫu dưới đây đều cĩ videos cụ thể chi tiết. Hãy truy cập để được phục v ụ tốt nhất. - RZ7LvDXAAOibSAsC8Mg Many thanks! HƯỚNG DẪN ƠN TẬP THI THPTQG MƠN TIẾNG ANH NỘI DUNG: A. Xác định mục tiêu và tâm thế học tập. B. Chuẩn bị phương tiện học tập. C. Xác định phương pháp học tập. D. Hướng dẫn ơn tập. E. Bài tập minh họa. F. Đề thi minh họa. PHÂN TÍCH: A. Xác định mục tiêu và tâm thế học tập. 1. Học để làm gì? Người ta chỉ cĩ thể làm tốt khi cĩ động lực làm việc, để cĩ động lực làm việc người ta cần thấy được kết quả đầu ra của cơng việc họ làm. Do tác động của sự phát triển cơng nghệ, do tác động của điều kiện kinh tế, xã hội, áp lực của tỉ lệ thất nghiệp cao, dường như, một số bạn trẻ khơng tìm được hướng đi cho mình thơng qua việc học tập. Tuy nhiên, mỗi chúng ta đều biết, xu thế nên kinh tế tri thức là hướng đi của xã hội nĩi chung, vậy việc trang bị kiến thức là hết sức cần thiết cho tương lai của mỗi bạn trẻ, ít nhất là kiến thức phổ thơng (học xong bậc THPT). 2. Tại sao lại phải học Tiếng Anh? Cả triệu lần, cả triệu người đã từng tự hỏi, hoặc hỏi người khác câu hỏi này, câu trả lời, dù ít dù nhiều, ai cũng đã biết. Đặc biệt hơn, hầu hết mọi người đều cĩ mong muốn khả năng sử dụng tốt mơn sinh ngữ này, và, ở một thời điểm nào đĩ trong quãng đời học sinh chúng ta đã từng cố để hiện thực hĩa mong muốn ấy. Nhưng, rõ ràng rằng kết quả chưa bao giờ làm chúng ta hài lịng. Hơm nay tơi khơng trả lời câu hỏi này, dù theo quan điểm của tơi. Kết luận: Các bạn trẻ cần xác định rõ mục tiêu, tạo động lực, thì mới cĩ tâm thế tốt để học tập, khi học tập với tâm thế và mục tiêu rõ ràng, kết quả sẽ theo mong muốn của bản thân. B. Chuẩn bị phương tiện học tập. 1. Học từ ai? 2. Học từ nguồn tài liệu nào? 3. Những yêu cầu về trang thiết bị để học? 4. Chi phí cho việc học? 5. websites? Trên đây là các câu hỏi cần phải trả lời trước khi học. C. Xác định phương pháp học tập. 1. Mục tiêu cụ thể và rõ ràng nhất khi học bài này, chương này, chuyên đề này? 2. Kết quả đạt được sẽ thỏa mãn yêu cầu nào? Một bài tập cụ thể! 3. Làm thế nào để nhận biết, hiểu, và vận dụng? Tự rút kinh nghiệm! 4. Phương pháp ghi nhớ kiến thức? Luyện tập! Lời khuyên: Nên Khơng nên - Ghi chép bất cứ khi nào cĩ thể. - Luơn thấy là mình biết điều này. - Ghi chép cĩ hệ thống, cĩ chỉ dẫn nguồn. - Coi vấn đề nằm ngồi khả năng của bản thân. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 1
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS - Luyện tập là phương pháp tốt nhất để nhớ. - Khơng thực sự nghiêm túc tự đánh giá. - Khơng ngại làm lại. - Làm cốt cho được nhiều. - Tự đánh giá thường xuyên. - Khơng dám hỏi vì sợ bị chê là “DỐT”. - Dành khoảng trống cho những điều mới. - Thỏa mãn cá nhân. HƯỚNG DẪN ƠN TẬP THI THPTQG MƠN TIẾNG ANH Để quá trình ơn tập đạt hiệu quả chúng ta cần trả lời các câu hỏi sau: 1. Ma trận đề thi THPT QG mơn Tiếng Anh của 3 năm gần nhất? 2. Đề thi THPTQG mơn Tiếng Anh của 3 năm gần đây kiểm tra những nội dung kiến thức gì? 3. Những lưu ý cụ thể với các dạng bài tập? 4. Một số bài tập minh họa? ƠN TẬP THI THPTQG MƠN TIẾNG ANH 1. Ma trận đề thi THPT QG mơn Tiếng Anh 3 năm gần nhất: (Mức độ: theo đánh giá cá nhân) Tên mục/ bài tập Nhận Thơng Vận dụng Vận dụng Cộng (nội dung về kiến thức/ kĩ biết hiểu cao năng ) 1. PRONUNCIATION Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 2. Số câu: 2. Điểm: 0.4. Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.4. Tỉ lệ 4% (2%) (2%) (0.0%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 4% 2. STRESS Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 2. Số câu: 2. Điểm: 0.4. Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.4. Tỉ lệ 4% (2%) (2%) (0.0%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 4% 3. SYNONYM Số câu: 0 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 2. Số câu: 2. Điểm: 0.4. Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.4. Tỉ lệ 4% (0.0%) (2%) (2%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 4% 4. ANTONYM Số câu: 0 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 2. Số câu: 2. Điểm: 0.4. Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.4. Tỉ lệ 4% (0.0%) (2%) (2%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 4% 5. ERROR IDENTIFYING Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 3. Số câu: 3. Điểm: 0.6. Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.6. Tỉ lệ 6% (2%) (2%) (2%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 6% 6. LEXICO – GRAMMAR Số câu: 5 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 2 Số câu: 6 Số câu: 14. Số câu: 14. Điểm: 2.8. Số điểm: Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.4 Số điểm: Điểm: 2.8. Tỉ lệ 28% 1.0 (10%) (2%) (4%) 1.2 (12%) Tỉ lệ 28% 7. GAPS FILLING Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 2 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 5. Số câu: 5. Điểm: 1.0. Điểm: Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.4 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 1.0. Tỉ lệ 10% 0.2 (2%) (2%) (4%) (2%) Tỉ lệ 10% 8. READING Số câu: 3 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 2 Số câu: 7 Số câu: 13. COMPREHENSION Điểm: 0.6 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.4 Điểm: 1.4 Điểm: 2.6. Số câu: 13. Điểm: 2.6. (6%) (2%) (4%) (16%) Tỉ lệ 26% Tỉ lệ 26% 9. SENTENCE BUILDING Số câu: 2 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 5. Số câu: 5. Điểm: 1.0. Điểm: 0.4 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 1.0. Tỉ lệ 10% (4%) (2%) (2%) (2%) Tỉ lệ 10% 10. COMMUNICATION Số câu: 1 Số câu: 1 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 0 Số câu: 2. Số câu: 2. Điểm: 0.4. Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0.2 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0 Điểm: 0.4. Tỉ lệ 4% (2%) (2%) (0.0%) (0.0%) Tỉ lệ 4% Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 2
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Tổng số câu trắc nghiệm: Số câu: Số câu: Số câu: Số câu: Số câu: 50 15 10 10 15 50. Điểm: Điểm: Điểm: Điểm: Điểm: 10. Tỉ lệ 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 100% (30%) (20%) (20%) (30%) 2. Đề thi THPTQG mơn Tiếng Anh của 3 năm gần đây kiểm tra những nội dung kiến thức gì? 2.1. Phát âm: Nguyên âm, phụ âm, các nguyên âm đơi, nguyên âm dài, các tận cùng “ed”, “s”. 2.2. Trọng âm: Từ cĩ 2 âm tiết (dạng động từ hoặc từ loại đặc biệt), từ cĩ hơn hai âm tiết (các dấu hiệu cấu âm) 2.3. Từ đồng nghĩa: Các ngữ cố định (đốn nghĩa qua tình huống, ngữ cảnh), các từ đồng nghĩa cĩ thể thay thế hoặc nghĩa tương đương. 2.4. Từ trái nghĩa: Các ngữ cố định (đốn nghĩa qua tình huống, ngữ cảnh), các từ trái nghĩa cĩ thể gây ý nghĩa ngược hoặc đối nghịch. 2.5. Câu giao tiếp: Các ngữ cảnh giao tiếp: bình phẩm, khen ngợi, chúc mừng, chào hỏi, đề nghị, yêu cầu, gợi ý, . 2.6. Xác định lỗi của từ, cụm từ: Lỗi chính tả của từ, lỗi trật tự từ, lỗi sử dụng ngữ cố định, lỗi về sự hịa hợp giữa các thành tố của câu, lỗi văn phong, văn hĩa, . 2.7. Viết câu giữ nguyên nghĩa: Chuyển đổi câu theo ngữ pháp như: thức bị động, lời nĩi gián tiếp, hình thức so sánh, cách thay thế cụm từ cho mệnh đề, hình thức đảo ngữ, . 2.8. Nối một cặp câu đơn tạo thành câu phức: Nối các cặp câu sử dụng các mệnh đề quan hệ, mệnh đề trạng ngữ, tính ngữ, mệnh đề danh từ, mệnh đề rút gọn, so sánh song song, . 2.9. Bài tập điền khuyết cho đoạn văn: Điền từ dựa vào: cụm ngữ cố định, động từ-giới từ, tính từ- giới từ, danh từ-giới từ, đại từ quan hệ, từ loại, liên từ văn bản, cách dùng từ, . 2.10. Bài tập đọc hiểu cho đoạn văn: Kiểm tra đọc hiểu văn bản về ý chính, đốn từ qua ngữ cảnh, kết luận, suy diễn, tìm thơng tin, truy vấn nội dung, số liệu, lọc thơng tin, . 2.11. Bài tập từ vựng và ngữ pháp tổng hợp: Kiểm tra các kiến thức về: - Mạo từ - Liên từ, cụm liên từ - Giới từ, cụm giới từ - Đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ quan hệ, đại từ phản thân, đại từ bất định, câu tồn tại - Câu hỏi đuơi - Câu bị động, bị động cách - Lời nĩi gián tiếp - Thì của động từ, động từ cụm, động từ khuyết thiếu (sequence of tenses, interrupting actions) - Động từ nguyên thể - Danh động từ - Trật tự từ (từ loại) - Trật tự tính từ - Mệnh đề đan xen - Chuỗi hành động - Suy dốn, suy luận, dự đốn: prediction, deduction, speculation - Hình thái văn hĩa, sự kiện - Các mệnh đề phụ: câu điều kiện, mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân, kết quả, mục đích, sự nhượng bộ, mệnh đề quan hệ. - Các hình thức giả định. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 3
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS 3. Những lưu ý cụ thể với các dạng bài tập? HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI I. SOUNDS IDENTIFICATION: PHÁT A M A. SCORE-RATE: 2 items = 0.4 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. International phonetics symbols (44IPS Bảng phiên âm quốc tế): TT Nguyên âm đơn Nguyên âm đơi Phụ âm vơ thanh Phụ âm hữu thanh 1. / i / / ei / / p / / b / 2. / i: / / ai / / f / / v / 3. / e / / ɔi / /  / /  / 4. / ỉ / / aʊ / / t / / d / 5. / ɔ / / әʊ / / s / / z / 6. / ɔ: / / iә / / ʃ / / ʒ / 7. /  / / eә / / t∫ / / dʒ / 8. / ɑ: / / ʊә / / k / / g / 9. / ʊ / / jʊ / / h / / l / 10. / u: / / m / 11. / ә / / n / 12. / з: / / ŋ / 13. / r / 14. / w / 15. / j / 2. High frequent tested sounds (Một số nhĩm âm thường được kiểm tra): a. Tổ hợp các chữ cái tận cùng “ed”: - Phát âm là /id/ nếu liền trước các tổ hợp chữ cái này là các phụ âm /t/ và /d/. Ví dụ: started /’sta:tid/; acted /’ỉktid/; lasted/’la:stid/; listed/’listid/; painted /’peintid/; decided/di’saidid/; provided/prә’vaidid/; landed /’lỉndid/; added /’ỉdid/ Ngồi ra cịn cĩ các từ bất qui tắc cụ thể gồm: sacred /’seikrid/; hatred/’heitrid/; crooked/’krukid/; beloved/bi’lvid/; wicked/’wikid/; naked/’neikid/; . - Phát âm là /t/ nếu liền trước các tổ hợp chữ cái này là các phụ âm /k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ, p/. Ví dụ: cooked/’kukt/; laughed/’la:ft/; glanced/’glỉnst/; washed/’woʃt/; watched /’wotʃt/; stopped/’stopt/ Liền trước của “ed” là các chữ cái: c, ch, s, sh, f, gh, th, k, sh Chú ý: cĩ “s” trước “ed” nhưng “ed” lại đọc là /d/: used, supposed, raised, praised, opposed, pleased, - Các trường hợp cịn lại phát âm là /d/. Ví dụ: earned/’з:nd/; played/’pleid/; employed/im’ploid/; died/’daid/; moved/’muvd/ b. Tổ hợp các chữ cái tận cùng “s”: - Phát âm là /s/ nếu liền trước của chúng là các âm /p, k, t, f, /. Ví dụ: caps/’kỉps/; peaks/’pi:ks/; laughs/’la:fs/; tenths/’tens/ - Phát âm là /z/ đối với các trường hợp cịn lại. Ví dụ: hands/’hỉndz/; ears/’i:rz/; boys/’boiz/; apples/’ỉplz/ c. Các cặp nguyên âm đơn: Ví dụ: /i/ vs. /i:/; /e/ vs. /ỉ/; /ɔ/ vs. /ɔ:/; // vs. /a:/; /ʊ/ vs. /u:/; /ә/ vs. /з:/ d. Các nguyên âm và phụ âm khác. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 4
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS II. STRESS MARKING: TRỌNG A M CỦA TỪ A. SCORE-RATE: 2 items = 0.4 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. For di-syllable words: Đối với các từ cĩ 2 âm tiết. - Trọng âm chính của các từ cĩ hai âm tiết thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 đối với các động từ (trừ trường hợp các âm tiết thứ 2 đĩ cĩ chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /i/, hoặc /әʊ/), và rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất đối với các từ loại cịn lại (trừ trường hợp âm tiết thứ nhất đĩ cĩ chứa nguyên âm đơn /ә/). 1. appeal (v) /ә’pi:l/ brother (n) /’brә/ ancient /’einsәnt/ 2. appear (v) /ә’pir/ color (n) /’k lә/ annual /’ỉnjʊәl/ 3. approach (v) /ә’prɔ:tʃ / dhoti (n) /’hәʊti/ concave /’kɔnkeiv/ - Đối với những từ cĩ mang tiền tố, hậu tố, trọng âm chính của từ đĩ thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc. 1. become / bi’km / quickly / ’kwikli / threaten / ’θretәn / 2. react / ri’ỉkt / builder / ’bildә / failure / ’feiljʊә / 3. foretell / fɔ’tel / lately / ’leitli / daily / ’deili / 2. For words with more than two syllables: Đối với các từ cĩ hơn 2 âm tiết - Đối với các từ cĩ hơn hai âm tiết, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba kể từ âm tiết cuối. 1. family /’fỉmili/ philosopher /fi’lɔ:sɔfә/ biology /bai’ɔ:lɔdʒi / 2. cinema /’sinәmә / character /’kỉriktә/ democracy /di’mɔ:krәsi/ 3. regular /’regjʊlә / interest /’intәrist/ satisfy /’sỉtisfai / - Đối với các từ cĩ tận cùng như “ian”, “ic”, “ience”, “ient”, “al”, “ial”, “ual”, “eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết liền trước của các tận cùng này – thứ 2 kể từ âm tiết cuối. ian physician / fi’ziksәn / ual habitual ic athletic / eθ’letik / eous courageous ience experience / iks’priәns / ious delicious ient expedient / iks’pediәnt / ion decision al parental / pә’rentәl / iar familiar ial essential / i’senʃәl/ - Đối với các từ cĩ tận cùng “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque”, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này. ee refugee / refjʊ’dʒi: / esque bamboo eer volunteer / vɔln’tiә / oo kangaroo ese Portuguese / pɔtjʊ’gi:s / oon saloon ette ushrette / ʃ’ret / - Đối với các từ cĩ tận cùng là “ate”, “fy”, “ity”, “ize”, trọng âm chính thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ ba kể từ âm tiết cuối. ate dedicate / ’dedikeit/ ize recognize fy classify / ’kla:sifai / ety society ity ability / ә’bi:liti / III&IV SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS: ĐÒNG NGHĨA & TRÁI NGHĨA A. SCORE-RATE: 2 items/ each = 0.4 point/ each (4 items in total = 0.8 point) B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Pay greater attention to the affixation: (Chú ý đặc biệt tới các hiện tương thêm phụ tố của từ phái sinh) Basic Prefixes Meaning Basic Suffixes Meaning il ; in ; im ; ir ; un Negative meaning er; or; ist; ant Doers mis ; dis ; mal Wrong doing ion; ce; ment Events; actions re ; pre ; post Sequences ing; hood; ness Feelings; emotions under ; over Degrees ship; al; ety Interactions mono ; di ; tri Times; quantity ive; -ous; ed; ly Quality; manner Example: Question 01. Paul always gets nervous whenever he has to give a presentation. A. anxious B. fearful C. impressed D. supportive Question 02. Scientists warn of the impending extinction of many species of plants and animals. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 5
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS A. irrefutable B. imminent C. formidable D. absolute Question 03. The use of lasers in surgery has become relatively commonplace in recent years. A. absolutely B. relevantly C. comparatively D. almost Question 04. How many countries took part in the last SEA Games? A. succeeded B. hosted C. performed D. participated in 2. Some collocations of idioms are of great help: (Buơc phải ghi nhớ các cụm ngữ cố định – thành ngữ) Basic Idioms Meaning Basic Idioms Meaning Dogs and cats Heavily Lift a finger Give help Shake like a leaf Too Frightened Give a hand Help Home and dry Safe Burst into tears Cry in pain Make ends meet Enough to use Castle in the air Unstable Flying color Excellent At first hand Right away Example: Question 01. The kidnapper gave himself up to the authorities. A. surrendered B. confided himself C. went up D. accommodated himself Question 02. The guards were ordered to get to the king's room on the double. A. in a larger number B. very quickly C. on the second floor D. every two hours Question 03. “It’s no use talking to me about metaphysics. It’s a closed book to me.” A. an object that I really love B. a book that is never opened C. a subject that I don’t understand D. a theme that I like to discuss Question 04. I just want to stay at home and watch TV and take it easy. A. sleep B. sit down C. eat D. relax V. ERROR IDENTIFICATION: TÌM LỖI SAI A. SCORE-RATE: 3 items = 0.6 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Tenses and concordance: - Pay attention to tenses. - Have a closer look at the sequences of tenses and words, especially with conjunctions of “and/ but” Question 01. Christianity has become a worldwide religion since it has begun almost two thousand years ago. A. worldwide B. almost C. become D. has begun Question 02. Antarctica, which is largely covered by ice, receive hardly any rainfall. A. largely B. rainfall C. receive D. hardly any Question 03. It is vitally important that she takes this medication night and morning. A. vitally B. that C. takes D. medication 2. Word orders and numbers: Question 01. Families who are enough fortunate to own a historic home may be able to get restoration funds from the government. A. enough fortunate B. may be C. to get D. how Question 02. There was a very interesting news on the radio this morning about the earthquake in Italy. A. a B. on C. There was D. about Question 03. The professor together with his three students have been called to court. A. to B. The C. have/ has D. together 3. Word usages and collocations: Question 01. Actually, by the time Columbus arrived to America in 1492, other Europeans had already reached the New World. A. by the time B. Actually C. had already D. arrived to Question 02. The most Americans were killed in World War II than in any other war since the birth of the nation. A. The most/More B. in C. since D. in any Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 6
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 03. The flag over the White House is risen at dawn every day by a color guard from the United States armed forces. A. over the White House B. is risen /raiised C. at dawn D. by 4. Principles of logic, the uses of functional words: Question 01. The first things a new international student must do include renting an apartment, registering for classes, and to get to know the city. A. to get B. first thing C. international D. for Question 02. Mrs. Adams was surprising that her son and his friend had gone to the mountains to ski. A. her B. to ski C. surprising D. had gone Question 03. A cure for the common cold, causing by a virus, has not been found. A. causing B. for C. a virus D. has not been found 4. Word concordance: Question 01. When parents allow his children to spend many hours watching television, the children are not likely to be physically fit. A. many hours B. his C. physically D. likely Question 02. Had it not been for you help me, I wouldn't have succeeded. A. not B. you help me C. wouldn't D. succeeded Question 03. There are differences and similarities between Vietnamese and American culture. A. Vietnamese B. and similarities C. There are D. culture 5. Others: Question 01. Society will be having to change radically to keep pace with the technology available. A. with B. Society C. available D. will be having Question 02. As seeing from the mountain top, area looks like a picturesque harbour town. A. from B. As seeing C. harbour town D. like Question 03. In the future, we will certainly lead a more healthier life. A. In B. will C. more D. certainly VI. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: CHUYỂN ĐỔI CA U ĐÒNG NGHĨA A. SCORE-RATE: 3 items = 0.6 point B. RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Tense sentence transformation: Chuyển đổi câu qua chuyển đổi thì của động từ: e.g. a. We started working here three years ago. → We have worked here for three years. b. This is the first time I have been on a plane. → I have never been on a plane before. c. That’s strange! My pen isn’t here! → That’s strange! My pen has disappeared! d. Nicky and Jan aren’t at this school any more. → Nicky and Jan have left this school. 2. Transformations using comparisons: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các hình thức so sánh. e.g. a. She is taller than I am. → I am not as tall as she is. b. He worked harder than his friends. → His friends did not work as hard as he did. c. This is the best film I have ever seen.→ I have never seen a better film than this one. d. She is the most kind-hearted woman among the ones you met. → No one among those you met is as kind-hearted as her. 3. Transformations using inversions: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng các hình thức đảo ngữ. e.g. a. She can hardly understand what the teacher is saying. → Hardly can she understand what the teacher is saying. b. Although he worked hard, he couldn’t feed the family. → Hard as he worked, he couldn’t feed the family. c. They could not find the man anywhere. → Nowhere could they find the man. d. She rarely eats out. → Rarely does she eat out. 4. Transformations using the passive voice: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu bị động. e.g. a. She can make a decision soon. → A decision can be made soon by her. b. Their car was stolen long ago. → Someone stole their car long ago. c. They will build a new school here. → A new school will be built here. 5. Transformations using the indirect speech: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu gián tiếp. e.g. a. “Go out, boys!” said the mother. → The mother told her sons to go out. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 7
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS b. “Would you like a cigar, Peter?” said Mike.→ Mike invited Peter a cigar. c. “Do you live here?” said the stranger. → The stranger asked if I lived there. d. The man said, “what do you do for a living, Nam?” → The man wanted to know what Nam did for a living. 6. Transformations using conditional sentences: Chuyển đổi câu sử dụng câu điều kiện. e.g. a. If you don’t study hard, you will fail the final exam. → Unless you study hard, you will fail the final exam. b. The test was too difficult for him to do well. → He could do well if the test were not difficult. c. He isn’t here to help me. → If he were here, he could help me. VII. SENTENCES MINGLING: TRO ̣N 2 CA U ĐƠN THÀNH CA U PHỨC A. SCORE-RATE: 2 items = 0.4 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Purpose: Mục đích a. Infinitives: He came early. He wanted to get a good seat. → He came early to get a good seat. She went to the U.S. to further her study. She wished she could find a good job. → In order to get a good job, she went to the U.S. to further her study. John didn’t want to be recognized. Therefore, he wore sunglasses. → John wore sunglasses so as not to be recognized. b. Clause of “so that”: Ann tried our best. She wanted to get a seat at a top university. → Ann tried our best so that she could get a seat at a top university. 2. Reason: Nguye n nha n, lí do a. Phrases: The weather was bad. That’s why they put off their hiking trip. → They put off their hiking trip because of the bad weather. Her parents disapproved of her going out at night. That’s why she went to bed early. → Owing to her parents’ disapproval of her going out at night, she went to bed early. New farming technique was applied. As a result, we got good crops. → We got good crops thanks to the new farming technique. He was so careless. Consequently, he was badly-injured. → Due to his carelessness, he was badly-injured. b. Clauses: Her parents disapproved of her going out at night. That’s why she went to bed early. → As her parents disapproved of her going out at night, she went to bed early. New farming techniques were applied. As a result, we got good crops. → We got good crops because new farming techniques were applied. He was so careless. Consequently, he was badly-injured. → Since he was so careless, he was badly-injured. 3. Causes & Effects: Nguye n nha n dãn đén két quả a. Phrases: The test was difficult. They couldn’t do that test well. → The test was too difficult for them to do well. → The test was not easy enough for them to do well. b. Clauses: The test was difficult. They couldn’t do that test well. → It was so difficult the test that they couldn’t do it well. → It was such a difficult test that they couldn’t do it well. → The test was so difficult that they couldn’t do it well. → So difficult was the test that they couldn’t do it well. → Such a difficult test was it that they couldn’t do it well. 4. Relative clauses: Me ̣nh đè quan he ̣ Mr. Ba is living next door. He teaches me English. → Mr. Ba, who teaches me English, is living next door. The robber escaped in a stolen car. They were then arrested by the patrol. → The robber arrested by the patrol escaped in a stolen car. The man teaches us Biology. The man lives upstairs. → The man living upstairs teaches us Biology. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 8
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS 5. Concession: Me ̣n đè nhượng bo ̣ a. Phrases: It rained heavily. Luckily, we arrived on time → Despite the heavy rain, we arrived on time. He was very lazy. Surprisingly, he passed the exam with high scores. → He passed the exam with high scores in spite of his laziness. b. Clauses: It rained heavily. Luckily, we arrived on time → Although it rained heavily, we arrived on time. He was very lazy. Surprisingly, he passed the exam with high scores. → No matter how lazy he was, he passed the exam with high scores. 6. Others: VIII. COMMUNICATIVE EXCHANGES: CA U GIAO TIÉP A. SCORE-RATE: 2 items = 0.4 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. Requests or asking for help: Đề nghị sự giúp đỡ ta sử dụng các mẫu câu kèm các hình thức đáp lời khảng định hoặc phủ định như sau: Requests Agreements Disagreements Đề nghị Trả lời đồng ý Khơng đồng ý - V , please. - Certainly I'm sorry. (I'm busy ) - Can you V ? - Of course I'm afraid I can't. - Could you V ? - Sure I'm afraid I couldn't - Would you please V ? - No problem - Will you V ?. - What can I do for you? - I wonder if you'd V . - How can I help you? - I wonder if you could V - Would you mind – V-ing ? - No I don't mind. - I'm sorry, I can't. - Do you mind - V-ing .? - No, of course not. - Not at all. 2. Offer to help: Ngỏ ý giúp đỡ Offers Agreements Disagreements Đề nghị Trả lời đồng ý Khơng đồng ý - Shall I – V ? - Yes, thank you - No. Thank you - Would you like me to V ? - That's very kind of you. - No, thank you. I can manage. - Do you want me to V ? - Yes, please. - No, there's no need. But - What can I do for you? - Oh, would you really? - thanks all the same. - May I help you? Thanks a lot. - Well, that's very kind of you, - Do you need any help? but I think I can manage, - Let me help you. thanks. - Can I help you? 3. Asking for permissions: Asking ways Agreements Disagreements Cách hỏi Trả lời đồng ý Khơng đồng ý - May I – V ? - Certainly. - Can I – V ? - Of course. - Could I – V ? - Please do. (May I go out?) - Please go ahead - I'd rather you didn't - Do you think I could – V ? - Yes, by all means. - I'd prefer You didn't -I wonder if I could – V - No, I'm afraid you can't -Is it all right if I – V ? - I'm sorry, but you can't. - Would you mind if I V-ed? - No, of course not. (Would you mind if I smoked?) - Not at all. - Do you mind if I – V .? - Please do (Do you mind if I smoke?) - Please go ahead Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 9
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS 4. Suggestions: Gợi ý hoặc rủ ai đĩ làm gì Suggestions Agreements Disagreements Gợi ý Trả lời đồng ý Khơng đồng ý 1. Shall I/ we – V ? 1. Yes, I think that's a 2. Let's – V . good idea. 3. Why don't I/ we – V ? 2. That's probably the 4. How about – V-ing ? best option. 5. What about – V-ing ? 3. Sure, why not? 6. I think we should – V . 4. Yes, definitely. No, let's not. 7. I suggest that we – V . 5. By all means. 8. It might be a good idea if we/ you – V . 6. Good idea 9. I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to – V . 10. If you ask me, I think we/ you should/ could – V . 5. Thanking: Tỏ ý cảm ơn, nĩi cảm ơn Thanking Responses Cảm ơn Trả lời - Thank you. - You're welcome. - Thank you very much. - That's all right. - Thanks a lot. - Not at all. - Thanks a lot for - It's my pleasure 6. Request for a repeat: Yêu cầu nhắc lại điều gì - Pardon? (Cách này thơng dụng trong tiếng Anh – Mỹ) - Yes? (Cách này thơng dụng trong tiếng Anh – Anh) - Please say that again. - Could you repeat that? 7. Invitations, offers: Cho, mời a) Invite something: Mời thứ gì đĩ - Would you like – something? e.g. A: Would you like a cup of tea? B: - Yes, please. (or - No, thanks.) b) Invite to somewhere: Mời đi đâu đĩ - Would you like + to inf.? e.g. Would you like to go to the cinema with me? (mời bạn đi xem phim với tơi) Would you like to go to the party? (mời bạn đi dự tiệc) 8. Warnings: Cảnh báo Don't move! Mind you head! Watch out! Look out! Be careful! Take care! 9. Showing concerns: Bày tỏ sự quan tâm nào đĩ 1. Uh-huh! 2. Right! Showing interest 3. Really? (Thể hiện sự quan tâm) 4. That's interesting! 5. And? 6. What then? 7. Oh? 8. What happened next? 1. Now, you mentioned Showing that you're listening 2. So, that's how ? (Thể hiện bạn đang lắng nghe) 3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that 4. Could you give me / us an example of ? 5. Could you explain in more detail ? 1. Many thanks. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 10
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Cheers! 4. That's very kind of you. Thanking and responding 5. Thank you very much (Cảm ơn và đáp lại lời cảm ơn) 6. Not at all. 7. It's a pleasure. / My pleasure. 8. You're welcome. 9. Don't mention it. 10. Any time. 11. That's OK / all right. 12. I'm glad to have been of some help 1. Sorry Apologizing 2. I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry. (Xin lỗi) 3. Excuse me. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault. 5. I do apologize. 6. Please accept my apologies 1. That's all right/OK. 2. Not to worry. Accepting an apology 3. That's quite/perfectly all right. (Chấp nhận lời xin lỗi) 4. No reason/need to apologize. 5. Don't worry about it 1. Make sure 2. Remember (to do). 3. Be careful (not to do). 4. Don't forget (to do) 5. Giving directions Giving instructions 6. Go straight on. (Đưa ra lời hướng dẫn/ chỉ dẫn) 7. Take the first/second on the left / right. 8. Turn left / right. 9. Go along as far as 10. Take the number 7 bus / tram. 11. Get off (the bus / tram) at (place). 12. Carry on until you see 13. Look out for 1. Are you with me? Checking someone has understood 2. Did you follow that? (Kiểm tra xem ai đã hiểu hay chưa) 3. Have you got that? 4. Is everything clear so far? 5. Does that seem to make sense? IX. CLOZE TESTS: ĐIÈN TỪ KHOẢNG TRÓNG A. SCORE-RATE: 5 items = 1.0 point B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. General tips: - Read through the text without looking at the provided options before you fail to come up with an idea. Đọc xuyên suốt đoạn văn, chú ý các yếu tố: chủ đề, từ liền trước, sau khoảng trồng, tưởng tượng về các kiến thức liên quan đến chủ đề, các cụm ngữ cố định, mối quan hệ, văn phong, khơng nhìn các đáp án cung cấp cho đến khi chúng ta khơng cĩ ý tưởng về đáp án. - Try to find the main idea of the text as well as the field it covers. Cố gắng bám sát chủ đề được thảo luận, tìm kiếm càng nhiều thơng tin, từ vựng, thuật ngữ về chủ đề cáng tốt. - Use different ways to choose the answers as suggested below. Sử dụng các kĩ thuất điền từ. 2. Word orders and numbers: điền từ theo trật tự từ - từ loại, số từ. 3. Word usages and collocations: điền từ theo thuật ngữ, nội dung chủ đề, các ngữ cố định. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 11
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS 4. Principles of logic, the uses of functional words: điền từ theo nguyên tắc về tính logic, từ chức năng. 5. Relatives, styles, grammartical points: điền từ theo mối quan hệ, văn phong, và các yếu tố ngữ pháp. Exercise 12: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks. When you read something in a foreign language, you often (06)___ across words you do not fully understand. Sometimes you check the meaning in a dictionary and sometimes you guess. The strategy you adopt depends very much (07)___ the degree of accuracy you require and the time at your disposal. If you are the sort of person who tends to turn to the dictionary frequently, it is worth remembering that every dictionary has its advantages. Each definition is only an approximation and one builds up an accurate picture of the meaning of a word only after meeting it in a (08)___ of contexts. It is also important to recognize the special dangers of dictionaries that translate from English into your native language and vice versa. If you must use a dictionary, it is usually (09)___ safer to consult an English-English dictionary. In most exams you are not permitted to use a dictionary. (10)___ you are allowed to use one, it is very time-consuming to look up words, and time in exams is usually limited. You are, therefore, forced to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words. Question 06. A. see B. put C. come D. drop (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “come across = tình cờ”) Question 07. A. for B. about C. upon D. in (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “depend on/upon = phụ thuộc vào”) Question 08. A. variation B. lots C. variety D. diverse (cụm từ cố định “a variety of = đa dạng/ rất nhiều”) Question 09. A. too B. very C. no D. far (cụm từ cố định “far + comparative = vượt trội ”) Question 10. A. Although B. Even if C. Provided D. Or else (nghĩa ngữ cảnh – thức giả định “even if = cho dù”) X. READING COMPREHENSION: ĐỌC HIẺU A. SCORE-RATE: 13 items = 2.6 points B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. General tips: Đọc câu hỏi- đánh dấu từ khĩa về thơng tin hay yêu cầu của câu hỏi, cĩ thể xem trước 4 options dùng phương pháp loại trừ, tìm khu vực cĩ thơng tin trong bài đọc – chọn đáp phù hợp. Thơng thường ta cần đọc cả đoạn để nắm thơng tin rõ ràng hơn. Để làm tốt loại bài tập đọc hiểu chúng ta cần phân tích và chia nhĩm các loại câu hỏi, vân dụng các kĩ năng giải các nhĩm câu hỏi cụ thể để hồn thành bài tập. Thơng thường, bài tập đọc hiểu gồm các nhĩm câu hỏi cụ thể sau: Type 1: Vocabulary questions: Khái quát: Identify vocabulary meaning (1 – 3 questions/ 1 passage). Câu hỏi: - The word/ phrase “X” is closest in meaning to___. - The word/ phrase “X” could/ can be best replaced by___. - The word/ phrase “X” probably means___. Type 2: Reference questions: Khái quát: Identify the referent a reference word “refers to” (0 – 1 questions/ 1 passage). Câu hỏi: - The word/ phrase “X” refers to___. Type 3&4: Factual & negative factual questions: Khái quát: Choose an answer that is true or untrue according to the passage Factual (1-3 questions/ 1 passage); Negative factual (0-1 questions/ 1 passage) Câu hỏi: Factual: - Which of the following statements is TRUE of___? - It is indicated in the passage that___. - According to the passage, ___. Negative factual: - Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of___? - All of the following statements are true EXCEPT___. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 12
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Type 5: Sentence simplification questions: Khái quát: Find the best replacement of key information from long and complex sentences (1 question/ 1 passage). Câu hỏi: Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Type 6: Prose Summary: Complete a summary of a passage (1 question/ 1 passage). Type 7: Classify, categorize, organize information questions: Khái quát: Categorize specific facts in the passage (1 question/ 1 passage). Type 8: Inference questions: Khái quát: Make inferences, form generalizations and draw conclusions based on what is implied in a passage (0-1 questions/ 1 passage). Câu hỏi: - It is implied in the passage that___. - It can/ could be inferred from the passage that___. - It is suggested in the passage that___. Type 9: Rhetorical purpose questions: Khái quát: Recognize why an author explains concept in a certain way (0-1 questions/ 1 passage) Câu hỏi: - Why does the author state X? - Why does the author mention X? - The author mentions X in order to___. XI. LEXICO-GRAMMAR: TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP A. SCORE-RATE: 14 items = 2.8 points B. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: Bài tập từ vựng và ngữ pháp tổng hợp: Kiểm tra các kiến thức về: 1. Article: Mạo từ 2. Conjunctions: Liên từ, cụm liên từ 3. Prepositions: Giới từ, cụm giới từ 3. Pronouns: Đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ sở hữu, đại từ quan hệ, đại từ phản thân, đại từ bất định, câu tồn tại 4. Question-tags: Câu hỏi đuơi 5. Verb-tenses: - Câu bị động, bị động cách - Động từ nguyên thể - Danh động từ - Thì của động từ, động từ cụm, động từ khuyết thiếu 6. Word-orders, Collocation: - Trật tự từ (từ loại) - Trật tự tính từ 7. Sequence of tenses: - Mệnh đề đan xen - Chuỗi hành động 8. Predictions, deduction, speculation: Suy dốn, suy luận, dự đốn 9. Culture, life-aspects, styles, events: Hình thái văn hĩa, sự kiện 10. Subordinate clauses: Các mệnh đề phụ: câu điều kiện, mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân, kết quả, mục đích, sự nhượng bộ, mệnh đề quan hệ, các hình thức giả định. 11. Phrasal verbs: động từ thành ngữ 12. Grammartical points: - Indirect speech (câu gián tiếp) - Passive voice (thức bị động) Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 13
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS XII. PRACTICAL EXERCISES: BÀI TẬP THAM KHẢO Exercise 01. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 01. A. looked t B. laughed t C. decided id D. experienced t Question 02. A. break ei B. increase i: C. speak i: D. cheat i: Question 03. A. nautical ɔ: B. laurel ɔ: C. gauche әʊ D. fault ɔ: Question 04. A. nail ei B. fail ei C. chair eә D. tail ei Question 05. A. computer k B. citizen s C. economy k D. technique k Question 06. A. consist ә B. consume ә C. concept o D. conclude ә Question 07. A. climbed d B. crashed t C. escaped t D. announced t Question 08. A. historic h B. honesty 0 C. honorable 0 D. heir 0 Question 09. A. established t B. diversified d C. struggled d D. synchronized d Question 10. A. household h B. honest 0 C. exhausted 0 D. rhinoceros 0 Question 11. A. cooked t B. practiced t C. laughed t D. decided id Question 12. A. application i B. identify ai C. chemistry i D. indicate i Question 13. A. boats s B. speaks s C. beliefs s D. leaves z Question 14. A. countryman ә B. postman ә C. policeman ә D. commander a: Question 15. A. mice ai B. slice ai C. accomplice i D. spice ai Question 16. A. speak i: B. steak ei C. beak i: D. leak i: Question 17. A. finished t B. developed t C. defeated id D. looked t Question 18. A. defeat i: B. measure e C. appeal i: D. leader i: Question 19. A. players z B. always z C. rejects s D. confides z Question 20. A. deal i: B. clear iә C. heat i: D. appeal i: Exercise 02. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 01. A. permanent 1 B. continue 2 C. complete 2 D. relationship 2 Question 02. A. endanger 2 B. geometry 2 C. opposite 1 D. Geography 2 Question 03. A. environment 2 B. optimistic 3 C. electricity 3 D. unexpected 3 Question 04. A. stable 1 B. country 1 C. border 1 D. campaign 2 Question 05. A. compromise 1 B. supervise 1 C. televise 1 D. determine 2 Question 06. A. enclose 2 B. disclose 2 C. purpose 1 D. suppose 2 Question 07. A. arrive 2 B. follow 1 C. teacher 1 D. offer 1 Question 08. A. counselor 1 B. description 2 C. inspector 2 D. adoption 2 Question 09. A. argue 1 B. believe 2 C. control 2 D. deny 2 Question 10. A. disaster 2 B. conference 1 C. dedicate 1 D. national 1 Question 11. A. effort 1 B. express 2 C. office 1 D. comment 1 Question 12. A. domestic 2 B. customer 1 C. sentiment 1 D. government 1 Question 13. A. different 1 B. important 2 C. essential 2 D. negation 2 Question 14. A. relation 2 B. arrange 2 C. summary 1 D. eliminate 2 Question 15. A. inference 2 B. inferior 2 C. redundance 2 D. reference 1 Question 16. A. competent 1 B. compliance 2 C. computer 2 D. commuter 2 Question 17. A. dangerous 1 B. character 1 C. entertain 3 D. criminal 1 Question 18. A. enthusiast 2 B. advantage 2 C. adventure 2 D. conference 1 Question 19. A. water 1 B. bamboo 2 C. eject 2 D. defend 2 Question 20. A. opponent 2 B. habitat 1 C. vacancy 1 D. sociable 1 Exercise 03. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 01. The film is not worth seeing. The plot is too dull. A. simple B. complicated C. boring D. slow Question 02. In rural Midwestern towns of the USA, the decisions that affect most residents are made at general assemblies in schools and churches. A. concerts B. public libraries C. gatherings D. prayer services Question 03. In the 1980s, TV viewers began to hook up videocassette players to their TVs. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 14
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS A. combine B. stop C. fasten D. connect kết nối Question 04. Everything was in a thorough mess. (a) kĩ, hồn tồn A. utter B. full C. complete D. appalling Question 05. The service station at Shiel Bridge has a good range of groceries. A. coach station B. railway station C. power station D. petrol station Question 06. He didn’t bat an eye when he realized he failed the exam again. A. didn’t want to see B. didn’t show surprise C. wasn’t happy D. didn’t care Question 07. The notice should be put in the most conspicuous place so that all the students can be well-informed. A. easily seen B. beautiful C. popular D. suspicious Question 08. If the headmaster were here, he would sign your papers immediately. A. right ahead B. currently C. formerly D. right away Question 09. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least. A. controlling B. storing C. purifying D. getting Question 10. Thirty minutes after the accident, the captain still refused to abandon the burning ship. A. sail B. get on C. leave D. come to Question 11. It will be fine tomorrow. But if it should rain tomorrow, the match will be postponed. A. taken off B. sold off C. put off D. turned off Question 12. Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth. A. annoyance B. risks C. irritations D. fears poses great threats to: đe dọa Question 13. The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense. A. initiate B. lighten C. terminate D. prevent pave the way for: đặt nền mĩng mở đường Question 14. E-cash cards are the main means of all transactions in a cashless society. A. cash-free B. cash-starved C. cash-strapped D. cash-in-hand Money: cash – coin – note/ n-free: smoke-free, pollution-free/ duty-free Question 15. Thanks to better health care, there are more and more centenarians nowadays. A. children who die at birth B. children whose parents can't afford their schooling C. people who live 100 years or more D. people who suffer from fatal diseases Question 16. The aim of University education is to inure students to hardship, trials and adverse situations in life. A. accustom B. obliterate C. shun D. estrange Question 17. Those girls are totally unaware that they are being made use of by this organization. A. taken for granted B. spoken ill of C. made fun of D. taken advantage of Question 18. In life, Ray always gives me a hand with repairing the broken things in my house. A. assists me by B. asks me to help with C. pleases me by D. serves me with Question 19. I just want to stay at home and watch TV and take it easy. A. sleep B. sit down C. eat D. relax Question 20. The rains of 1993 causing the Missouri river to overflow resulted in one of the worst floods of the 20th century. A. stopped B. lessened C. caused D. overcame Exercise 04. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 01. We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being. * keep secret: giữ bí mật >< reveal A. lively B. frequented C. accessible D. revealed Question 02. They have not made any effort to integrate with the local community. A. cooperate B. put together C. separate D. connect Question 03. There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and farmers are having trouble. A. adequate B. unsatisfactory C. abundant D. dominant Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 15
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 04. Now, when so many frogs were killed, there were more and more insects. A. lesser and lesser B. fewer and fewer C. lesser and fewer D. less and less Question 05. The young are now far more materialistic than their precedents years ago. A. monetary B. greedy C. spiritual D. object - oriented Question 06. The bank announced that it was to merge with another of the high street banks. A. associate B. separate C. cooperate D. assemble Question 07. He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May. A. politeness B. rudeness C. measurement D. encouragement Question 08. Affluent families find it easier to support their children financially. A. Wealthy B. Well-off C. Privileged D. Impoverished Question 09. She had a cozy little apartment in Boston. A. uncomfortable B. dirty C. lazy D. warm Question 10. A frightening number of illiterate students are graduating from college. A. able to read and write B. able to join intramural sport C. inflexible D. unable to pass an examination in reading and writing Question 11. Fruit and vegetables grew in abundance on the island. The islanders even exported the surplus. A. excess B. large quantity C. small quantity D. sufficiency Question 12. Advanced students need to be aware of the important of collocation. A. of high level B. of great important C. of low level D. of steady progress Question 13. We offer a speedy and secure service of transferring money in less than 24 hours. A. uninterested B. unsure C. open D. slow Question 14. She could not hide her dismay at the result. A. disappointment B. depression C. happiness D. pessimism Question 15. Certain courses are compulsory; others are optional. A. voluntary B. free C. pressure D. mandatory/ compulsory Question 16. The International Organizations are going to be in a temporary way in the country. A. permanent B. guess C. complicated D. soak Question 17. The Red Cross is an international humanitarian agency dedicated to reducing the sufferings of wounded soldiers, civilians and prisoners of war. A. worry and sadness B. pain and sorrow C. loss D. happiness Question 18. After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released A. innovative B. naive C. guilty D. benevolent Question 19. Mr. Brown is a very generous old man. He has given most of his wealth to a charity organization. A. hospitable B. honest C kind D. mean Question 20. One of the reasons why families break up is that parents are always critical of each other. A. unaware B. supportive C. intolerant D. tired Exercise 05. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 01. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangering. A. endangering/ endangered B. may C. a D. reasons why Question 02. There are some people in the government try to improve the lives of poor people. A. to improve B. There are C. lives D. try/ trying Question 03. If I had studied carefully, I wouldn’t make so many mistakes. A. carefully B. had C. make/ have made D. so many Question 04. Energy exists in different forms such as light, heat, and chemical, mechanic and electrical energy. A. in B. mechanic/ mechanical C. electrical D. forms Question 05. She told me whether she could look after the kids from time to time. A. could B. told/ asked C. the D. to time Question 06. His last test results showed he was the quickest typist, yet he was the less accurate of all the applicants. A. the less/ the least B. last C. of D. the quickest Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 16
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 07. New sources of energy have been looking for as the number of fossil fuels continues to decrease. A. sources of energy B. been looking/ been looked C. number D. continues Question 08. For such a demanding job, you will need qualifications, soft skills and having full commitment. A. such B. will need C. qualifications D. having/ have Question 09. Antarctic blue whales can be 100 foot long and weigh more than any dinosaur that ever lived. A. can be B. 100 foot long/ 100 feet long C. more than D. any dinosaur Question 10. The lion has long been a symbol of strength, powerful and cruelty. A. powerful/power B. strength C. long been D. symbol Question 11. Those of you who signed up for Dr. Daniel’s anthropology class should get their books as soon as possible. A. their books/ your books B. Those of C. for D. anthropology Question 12. The boy is considering for the leading role in the school play. A. is considering/ is considered B. leading role C. the D. school play Question 13. People often visit other family members or friends, exchange New Year’s wishes and taking part in various forms of entertainment at Tet. A. taking part in/ take part in B. other C. New Year’s wishes D. at Tet Question 14. The United Nations, founded in 1945, has their headquarters in New York. A. their/ its B. has C. The D. founded Question 15. A wide variety of possible measures have taken to protect endangered species from becoming extinct. A. have taken/ have been taken B. A wide variety of C. endangered D. becoming extinct Question 16. He comes from a remote and mountainous area locating in the south. A. comes from B. the south C. locating/ located D. remote and mountainous Question 17. The more cigarettes he smokes, the worst his health will be. A. The more B. will be C. smokes D. the worst/ the worse Question 18. There were so much books in the library that I didn't know which one to choose. A. that B. There were C. much/ many D. to choose Question 19. We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have some questions on it on our test tomorrow. A. to review/ review B. carefully C. will D. some Question 20. It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam. A. studies/ study B. attempting C. pass D. more Exercise 06. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 01. The children ran away to avoid being bitten by the dog. A. The children ran away for fear the dog might bite them. B. The children ran away for fear of biting by the dog. C. The children ran away so that the dog can’t bite them. D. The children ran away with a view to avoid being bitten by the dog. (mệnh đề chỉ mục đích: S V so that/ in order that S V) Question 02. Mary regrets not studying hard for her exams. A. Mary wishes she had studied hard for her exams. B. Mary wishes to study hard for her exams. C. If Mary studied hard, he would not regret about her exams. D. If only Mary studied hard for her exams. (mệnh đề chỉ sự tiếc nuối, ước muốn: S1 wish (wishes/ wished) S1,2 were/V-ed/ had P.P) Question 03. He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match!” A. He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. B. He said, “Hurrah” that they had won the match. C. He said that they have won the match. D. He said with joy that they have won the match. (lời nĩi gián tiếp: exclaim with joy: reo lên sung sướng) Question 04. If it hadn’t been for his carelessness, we would have finished the work. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 17
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS A. Because he wasn’t careless, we didn’t finished the work. B. He was careless because he hadn’t finished the work. C. If her were careful, we would finish the work. D. If he had been more careful, we would have completed the work. (chuyển đổi câu điều kiện theo ý nghĩa) Question 05. People say that Cameron was the best director of his time. A. Cameron is said to have been the best director of his time. B. Cameron is said to be the best director of his time. C. It was said that Cameron was the best director of his time. D. Cameron was said to have been the best director of his time. (câu bình phẩm với các động từ: say/think/believe/suppose/report/estimate/ ) Question 06. I was offered to work for IBM, but I rejected. A. I rejected to offer to work for IBM. B. I was refused by IBM at work. C. I turned down the offer to work for IBM. D. IBM refused my offer to work. (chuyển đổi câu dùng từ đồng nghĩa: reject=turn down) Question 07. French is the only language other than English spoken on five continents. A. French and English are the only languages that are spoken on five continents. B. Before English, French was the only language spoken on five continents. C. French and English are spoken widely in official and commercial circles. D. Unlike French, English is spoken on five continents. (chuyển đổi câu dùng từ đồng nghĩa: other than= except for/as well as/together with) Question 08. From time to time there are things we do even though we think they are wrong. A. Sometimes we might do things that are considered wrong. B. We can never be sure if all the things we do are right. C. Although we feel that the things we sometimes do are not right, we nevertheless do them. D. We often do things because we think they are the right things to do at the time. (chuyển đổi câu dùng cấu trúc nhượng bộ: though/ although/ even though) Question 09. Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less. A. Since adults have less time playing games, they don't laugh as much as children. B. Unlike adults children laugh more while playing games. C. The reason why adults laugh less than children might be that they play less. D. No matter how much adults play, they can't laugh more than children. (chuyển đổi câu dùng mệnh đề giải thích “the reason why”) Question 10. The manager wanted Mary to type the reports. A. Mary was wanted to be typed the reports by the manager. B. Mary wanted to type the reports by the manager. C. The manager wanted the reports to be typed by Mary. D. The manager wanted Mary to be typed the reports. (chuyển đổi câu dùng thức bị động) Question 11. However hard you work, you will never be promoted here. A. You will never be promoted here; however, you work hard. B. No matter how you work, you will be promoted here. C. Although you work really hard, you will never be promoted here. D. If you didn't work hard, you would never be promoted here. (chuyển đổi câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) Question 12. ‘Why don’t we have a day off?” said Tom A Tom suggested having a day off. B Tom advised to have a day off. C Tom suggested have a day off. D Tom advised we to have a day off. (chuyển đổi câu dùng câu gián tiếp chỉ sự gợi ý: “Why don’t we”/”shall we”/”what/how about”) Question 13. If they had arrived a moment later, they would have missed the start of the film. A. They arrived just in time for the start of the film. B. They missed the start of the film because they arrived late. C. They didn’t arrive early enough for the start of the film. D. They wouldn’t have missed the start of the film if they had arrived earlier. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 18
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS (chuyển đổi từ giả định – điều kiện loại 2,3 – sang thực tế - hiện tại hoặc quá khứ, và ngược lại) Question 14. Thanh suggested going to the park the following Sunday. A. “Why don’t we go to for the park next Sunday?” Thanh said. B. “Shall I go to the park next Sunday?” Thanh said. C. “Let us go to the park next Sunday?” Thanh said. D. “How about going to the park next Sunday?” Thanh said. (chuyển đổi hình thức gợi ý ngược – gián tiếp – trực tiếp) Question 15. The firemen had to break the door down. A. The firemen shouldn’t have broken the door down. B. It was necessary for the firemen to break the door down. C. Breaking the door down required the help of the firemen. D. It was against the law that the firemen broke the door down. (chuyển đổi câu dùng cụn collocation “had to break”= “necessary for O to break”) Question 16. The twins resemble each other so much that I can never tell which is which. A. I can never tell the twins anything as they like each other so much. B. It is impossible for me to identify the twins because they look very much like one another. C. Although the twins do not look like each other I cannot name them easily. D. I cannot tell the twins apart because I don’t know them well enough. (chuyển đổi câu theo collocation/ synonyms: “resemble: giống nhau” – impossible to identify) Question 17. I can't stand his talking foolishly when everybody talks about something in a serious way. A. I can't understand him when he talks foolishly. B. I don't mind his talking foolishly when everybody talks seriously. C. Everybody talks seriously when he talks foolishly. D. I hate him talking foolishly when people talk seriously. (chuyển đổi câu theo nghĩa) Question 18. It was a mistake for her to marry Peter. A. She and Peter weren’t married in the right way. B. Peter didn’t want to get married, so it was his mistake. C. She shouldn’t have married Peter. D. She ought to think again before she marries Peter. (chuyển đổi câu dùng thức giả định quá khứ chỉ sự tiếc nuối) Question 19. I tried hard, but I couldn’t reach him. A. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t reach him. B. Though trying hard, I could reach him. C. Hard as I tried, I couldn’t meet him. D. Despite trying hard, he was unable to reach. (chuyển đổi dùng cơng thức mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ - 8 mẫu câu) Question 20. I ran into Peter, a friend of mine, on my may to work this morning. A. Peter ran into his friend this morning. B. Peter and I ran to work this morning C. Peter had to work this morning, but I did not D. I met Peter unexpectedly on my way to work this morning. (chuyển đổi từ từ đồng nghĩa “ran into” = “meet (accidentally) by chance/ come across/ meet unexpectedly”) Exercise 07. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 01. The agreement ended six-month negotiation. It was signed yesterday. A. The negotiation which lasted six months was signed yesterday. B. The agreement which was signed yesterday lasted six months. C. The agreement which was signed yesterday ended six-month negotiation. D. The agreement which ends six-month negotiation was signed yesterday. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ) Question 02. I did not arrive in time. I was not able to see her off. A. She had left because I was not on time. B. I was not early enough to see her off. C. I arrived very late to say goodbye to her. D. I did not go there, so I could not see her off. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 19
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS (Nối câu dùng cụm từ chỉ kết quả “not enough = khơng đủ”) Question 03. The security guards caught a thief. He was attempting to steal a painting. A. It was not until the thief attempted to steal a painting that the security guards caught him. B. Whenever the thief attempted to steal a painting, the security guards caught him. C. The security guards caught a thief attempting to steal a painting. D. The security guards caught a thief because he was attempting to steal a painting. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ lược “attemting = who was attempting/ who attempted”) Question 04. I won't lend you anything more. Pay me back what you borrowed last week. A. I will not lend you anything more if you pay me back what you borrowed last week. B. Pay me back what you borrowed last week, so I won't lend you anything more. C. If you pay me back what you borrowed last week, I'll will lend you anything. D. I won't lend you anything more unless you pay me back what you borrowed last week. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề điều kiện “unless = trừ khi”) Question 05. The new restaurant looks good. However, it seems to have few customers. A. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant doesn’t appear to attract much business. B. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance. C. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better. D. If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better. (Nối câu dùng cụm ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ “in spite of: dù”) Question 06. They are my two sisters. They aren’t teachers like me. A. They are my two sisters, neither of whom is teacher like me. B. They are my two sisters, both of those are teachers like me. C. They are my two sisters who neither are teachers like me. D. Unlike me, neither of my two sisters aren’t teachers. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ) Question 07. All his friends have been praising the high quality of service in the new coffee shop for months. When he went there, the server was quite rude. A. Because all his friends have been praising the high quality of service in the new coffee shop for months, the server was quite rude when he went there. B. Despite the high quality praised for months, the server in the new coffee shop was quite rude when we went there. C. All his friends have been praising the high quality of service in the new coffee shop for months; nevertheless, when he went there, the server was quite rude. D. However rude the server was, we went to the new coffee shop because all his friends have been praising its high quality. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ kết quả “nevertheless”) Question 08. Enrolment in the university has been dropping in recent years. Its facilities have been lacking proper maintenance. A. Despite the fact that its facilities have been lacking proper maintenance, enrolment in the university has been dropping in recent years. B. Enrolment in the university has been dropping in recent years because its facilities have been lacking proper maintenance. C. Since enrolment in the university has been dropping in recent years, its facilities have been lacking proper maintenance. D. Due to its facilities being lacked proper maintenance, enrolment in the university has been dropping in recent years. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân “since: vì”) Question 09. No one but the experts was able to realize that the painting was an imitation. It greatly resembled the original. A. It was obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully. B. It was hard for ordinary people to tell between the fake painting and the real one, but not only the experts. C. It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the experts could judge it quite easily. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 20
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS D. The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn't genuine. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ kết quả “so .that = quá đến nỗi”) Question 10. We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot. A. The more forests we cut down, the hotter the Earth becomes. B. The more we cut down forests, the hotter the Earth becomes. C. The more forests we cut down, the Earth becomes hotter. D. The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề so sánh thăng tiến “the comparative S1 V1, the comparative S2 V2”) Question 11. We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered some errors. A. Even though the figures were correct, we have now discovered some errors. B. It never occurs to us that we could discover some errors in the figures unexpectedly. C. Although we thought the figures were correct, we have now discovered some errors. D. Due to some errors we have discovered in the figures, we think they are incorrect. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ “although/though/even though S V, S V”) Question 12. The students presented a strong argument at the meeting. They represented their classes. A. The students, representing their classes, presented a strong argument at the meeting. B. The students, presenting a strong argument at the meeting, represented their classes. C. The students represented their classes as they presented a strong argument at the meeting. D. The students represented by their classes presented a strong argument at the meeting. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ lược “representing = who represented”) Question 13. They made plans to go. They ended up not being able to make it. A. They made plans to go; as a result, they ended up not being able to make it. B. They made plans to go; however, they ended up not being able to make it. C. They made plans to go; therefore, they ended up not being able to make it. D. Because they made plans to go, they ended up not being able to make it. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ “however: tuy nhiên”) Question 14. We don’t believe the way you do. Our culture is very different from yours. A. We don’t believe the way you do because our culture is very different from yours. B. We don’t believe the way you do although our culture is very different from yours. C. We don’t believe the way you do; therefore, our culture is very different from yours. D. We don’t believe the way you do, so our culture is very different from yours. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân/ lí do: “as/ because/ for/since: vì”) Question 15. We had prepared everything carefully for the party. Few guests came. A. In spite of having prepared everything for the party carefully, few guests came. B. Despite our careful preparation for the party, few guests came. C. Although everything for party prepared carefully, few guests came. D. However few guests came, we had prepared everything for the party carefully. (Nối câu dùng cụm ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ “despite/ in spite of + N/ V-ing”) Question 16. She could dress herself when she was 3. She remembers this. A. She remembers having dressed herself when she was 3. B. She remembers having herself dressed when she was 3. C. She remembers being able to dress herself when she was 3. D. She remembers to dress for herself at 3. (Nối câu dùng động từ đặc biệt “remember + V-ing: nhớ về điều đã làm”) Question 17. Linda lives in a house. The house is opposite my house. A. Linda lives in a house where is opposite my house. B. Linda lives in a house which is opposite my house. C. Linda lives in a house who is opposite my house. D. Linda lives in a house and which is opposite my house. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ) Question 18. He turned the radio on at 7.30. He was still listening to it when his mother came home at 9.00. A. He has been listening to the radio at 7.30. B. He had been listening to the radio since 7.30. C. He has been listening to the radio after 7.30. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 21
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS D. He had been listening to the radio by 7.30. (Dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian “since 7.30”) Question 19. John is studying hard. He doesn't want to fail the next exam. A. John is studying hard so as to fail the next exam. B. John is studying hard in order not to fail the next exam. C. John is studying hard in order that he not fail the next exam. D. John is studying hard in order to not to fail the next exam. (Nối câu dùng cụm từ/mệnh đề chỉ mục đích “to/ so as (not) to V/ in order (not) to V”/ “S V so that/ in order that S V”) Question 20. The buses began to pull out. Most of them were full passengers. A. The passengers, most of them were full of, began to pull out the buses. B. The buses, most of which were full of passengers, began to pull out. C. The passengers, most of whom were full of the buses, began to pull out. D. The buses, most of them were full of passengers, began to pull out. (Nối câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ) Exercise 08. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. Question 01. Mike: “More coffee? Anybody?” Jane: “___.” (invitation: lời mời/ suggestion: gợi ý) A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid” B. I’d love to C. Yes, please D. It’s right. I think Question 02. Mike: “Do you like the weather here?” Jane: “I wish it___.” (asking for comment: yêu cầu bình luận) A. doesn’t rain B. didn’t rain C. won’t rain D. hadn’t rained Question 03. Mike: “Oh, I’m really sorry!” Jane: “___.” (apologizing: xin lỗi – vì hành vi) A. It was a pleasure B. That’s all right C. Thanks D. Yes, why? Question 04. Mike: “What’s your hobby, Hoa?” Hoa: “___.” (requiring answer: yêu cầu câu trả lời) A. Well, I like collecting stamps B. Oh, with computers C. Well, I want stamps D. Oh, on the phone Question 05. Mike: “You look nice today. I like your new hairstyle” Jane: “___.” (compliment: lời khen ngợi) A. It’s nice of you to say so B. Shall I? Thanks C. Oh, Well done D. I feel interesting to hear that Question 06. Mike: “A motorbike knocked Ted down.” Jane: “___.” (requiring a sympathy: yêu cầu sự đồng cảm) A. What is it now? B. Poor Ted! C. How terrific! D. What a motorbike! Question 07. Mike: “I have bought you a toy. Happy birthday to you!” Jane: “___” (thanking for present: cảm ơn vì mĩn quà) A. The same to you B. Have a nice day! C. What a pity! D. What a lovely toy! Thanks. Question 08. Mike “___” Jane: “Oh, it’s great” (an answer of quality – how: câu trả lời về phẩm chất- câu hỏi how) A. How is the English competition? C. What do you like about the English competition? B. Would you like the English competition? D. What do you think of the English competition? Question 09. Peter: “Do you feel like going to the cinema this evening?” Mary: “___.” (invitation: lời mời/ suggestion: gợi ý) A. I don’t agree. I’m afraid B. You’re welcome C. That would be great D. I feel very bored Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 22
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 10. Laura: “What a lovely house you have!” Mary: “___.” (compliment: lời khen ngợi) A. Of course not, it’s not costly B. Thank you. Hope you will drop in C. I think so D. No problem Question 11. Peter: “Has an announcement been made about the eight o’clock flight to Paris?” Mary: “___.” (timetable question: câu hỏi về thời gian biểu) A. Yes, it was B. Sorry, I don’t C. I don’t think that D. Not yet Question 12. Peter: “Would you mind lending me your bike?” Mary: “___.” (question of borrowing: hỏi mượn) A. Yes. Here it is B. Not at all C. Yes, let’s D. Great Question 13. Peter: “___ detective stories?” Mary: “In my opinion, they are very good for teenagers.” (opinion question: hỏi về quan điểm) A. How about B. Are you fond of C. What do you think about D. What do people feel about Question 14. Hellen: “Congratulations!” Jane: “___.” (congratulating: đáp từ lười chúc mừng) A. What a pity B. Thank you C. I’m sorry D. You are welcome Question 15. Linda: “Excuse me! Where’s the post office?” Maria: “___.” (asking for direction: hỏi đường) A. It’s over there B. I’m afraid not C. Don’t worry D. Yes, I think so Question 16. Tom: “How did you get there?” John: “___.” (question of vehicle: câu hỏi về phương tiện đi lại) A. Is it far from here? B. I came here by train C. I came here last night D. The train is so crowded Question 17. Alice: “What shall we do this evening?” Carol: “___.” (timetable question: câu hỏi về thời gian biểu cơng việc) A. Let’s go out for dinner B. No problem C. Thank you D. Not at all Question 18. Mark: “I’m sorry. It’s late. I must go now.” Mary: “___.” (saying goodbye: tạm biệt) A. You are welcome B. Good bye. See you soon C. Not at all D. Hello Question 19. Mary: “Whose bike is that?” Tom:”___.” (possessive question: câu hỏi về quyền sở hữu) A. No, It’s over there B. It’s Jane C. It’s just outside D. It’s Jane’s Question 20. Peter: “How do you go to school?” Mary: “___.” (question of vehicle: câu hỏi về phương tiện đi lại) A. I go there early B. Every day, Except Sunday C. I don’t think so D. I go there by bus Exercise 09: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 01. If you___ me to the meeting yesterday, I would have helped you. A. had invited B. have invited C. invited D. would have invited (câu điền kiện loại 3 khuyết động từ ở mệnh đề if) Question 02. He is___ most intelligent person I have ever seen so far. A. 0 (no article) B. an C. the D. a (thức so sánh hơn nhất cần cĩ mạo từ xác định “the”) Question 03. At home my parents often criticized me ___ being negligent, but when I came to class I was very careful. A. for B. to C. from D. of (cụm động từ giới từ “criticize sb for N/V-ing: chỉ trích ai vì”) Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 23
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 04. My mom were cooking when I___ home yesterday afternoon. A. come B. was coming C. came D. had come (hành động đan xen ở quá khứ với mệnh đề thời gian “When S V-ed, S was/were V-ing”) Question 05. ___ I did not make a mistake, he scolded me out of the blue. A. In spite of B. Because C. But D. Although (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ khuyết liên từ “Although/Though/Even though S V, S V: dù .vẫn”) Question 06. ___ her mother after so many years away, she ran to hug her and sobbed. A. On seeing B. To be seen C. Having seen D. To see (Mệnh đề lược dùng phân từ hiện tại “When/Whlie/On/0 V-ing, S V”) Question 07. Although___ about the dangers of nCoV, many people continue travelling to Korea. A. warned B. warning C. to be warned D. being warned (Mệnh đề lược dùng phân từ quá khứ cho thức bị động) Question 08. She admitted___ by several hundred dollars, but in return, she won the lawsuit. A. to disadvantage B. disadvantaging C. being disadvantaged D. to be disadvantage (Cách sử dụng danh động từ sau: deny/ admit/ avoid/ like/ hate/ enjoy/ ) Question 09. Because of the___ of the infectious disease caused by corona virus, schools are to be closed and students rush to find online courses to study at home. A. outbreak B. outcome C. outlet D. outline (Danh từ được kiến tạo từ phrasal verbs: break up – break-up/ take off – take-off/ break out-outbreak) Question 10. Peoples all over the world are___ to fight again the epidemic named COVID-19. A. steps on steps B. separated C. hands over hands D. hands in hands (Ngữ cố định “hands in hands: chung tay/ step by step: từng bước”) Question 11. It is regretted that there can be no___ to this rule. A. exclusion B. alternative C. exception D. deviation (Ngữ cố định “no exception to: khơng cĩ ngoại lệ”) Question 12. They live in a very___ populated area of Italy. A. sparsely B. scarcely C. hardly D. barely (Ngữ cố định “densely/ sparsely populated: phân bố dân cư đơng/ thưa thớt”) Question 13. ___ some non-cultural people like Khá Bảnh is unacceptable in today's young children. A. Accepting B. Idolizing C. Knowing D. Realizing (Câu hỏi về culture, life-style, event “idolize: thần tượng” phê phán xu hướng sống) Question 14. When you are dealing with so many problems, mistakes are___ to happen. A. found B. ground C. around D. bound (Ngữ cố định “be bound/ready/likely/about/prepared to V: sắp/ cĩ thể xảy ra”) Exercise 10: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 01. Attacked by a dog, ___ to the nearest hospital. A. the little girl was taken B. people took the little girl C. the little taken D. people were taken the little girl (Mệnh đề trước lược dùng phân từ quá khứ cho thức bị động, mệnh đề sau đủ S V) Question 02. That she is one of the most beautiful women in the world seems___ although she has never taken part in any beauty contests before. A. being widely accepted B. to be widely accepted C. to accept widely D. widely to be accepted (Đi sau seem dùng to V – nguyên thể đầy đủ) Question 03. You may wonder what on___ earth has prompted me to ask such a question, so let me explain. A. an B. a C. 0 (no article) D. the (Ngữ cố đinh “what/where on earth: cái gì, nơi nào trên trái đất”) Question 04. My son plays basketball for fun. He doesn’t take practice sessions___. A. reasonably B. clearly C. definitely D. seriously (Ngữ cố định: take it easy: thư giãn/ take st seriously: nghiêm túc/ take for granted: coi thường) Question 05. They have been___ successful in mobilizing large numbers of professionals dealing with modern conservation. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 24
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS A. unexpectedly B. expected C. unexpected D. expectedly (trạng từ chỉ thể cách, thái độ bất ngờ khơng đốn định trước) Question 06. Children who do not learn to read before they finish___ school struggle throughout the rest of their education. A. primary B. nursery C. kindergarten D. first (Câu hỏi về culture, life-style, event “learn to read: tập đọc – primary school: tiểu học”) Question 07. His father___ him to Tyne castle when he was five, to see a Hearts and Hibs game. A. was taking B. took C. will take D. has taken (Hình thái của động từ “take sb to somewhere: đưa ai đi đâu”) Question 08. This will put more pressure on the city with___ to traffic and other problems. A. connection B. respect C. relation D. concern (Câu hỏi về culture, life-style, event “with respect to traffic: tơn trọng luật giao thơng”) Question 09. He blamed the current situation___ general economic trends within the textile industry. A. on B. of C. for D. to (Ngữ động từ cố định “blame sb/st for: chỉ trích, đổ lỗi cho vì“) Question 10. If I were rich, I___ that Ferrari we saw yesterday. A. will buy B. would buy C. would have bought D. will have bought (Câu điều kiện mixed, giả định về điều kiện khơng cĩ thức ở quá khứ) Question 11. My company has___ a new approach to staff meetings. We now have them standing up! A. admitted B. addressed C. adapted D. adopted (Cách sử dụng từ, ngữ động từ “adopt a pen-name/ an approach/ a method”) Question 12. Its era is only little over 10 years old, ___ the internet has already changed everything it touches. A. although B. so C. since D. yet (dùng liên từ/ trạng từ để chuyển đổi thái độ, văn phong và quan điểm “yet=but”) Question 13. The traveler, ___ his things with his practiced hands, began fastening his coat. A. having packed B. packed C. to have packed D. being packed (Mệnh đề quan hệ lược- dùng phân từ hiện tại thay cho mệnh đề chủ động) Question 14. It was expected that a gentleman would___ a polite compliment to a lady of his acquaintance, but quite another matter to be seen to mean it. A. pay B. make C. take D. do (Ngữ cố định với động từ “pay a visit/comment/compliment/ bill/ ”) Exercise 11: Read the following passage taken from Microsoft Encarta 2009, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks. On December 10, 2006, I was going through some hard time. The landlady did not want to release the house any more so I had to (01)___ and only had one month to find a place. Because Christmas was coming and it was difficult for me to find a suitable accommodation. I had only some money (02)___. I could not buy a Christmas tree and some presents for my three boys, (03)___ I had to use the money to find a place to live. To me, it broke my heart as I could not prepare the Christmas for my three boys. I have been their only parent since my husband passed away two years ago. I was so sad and everything was getting on my nerves. Although I managed to solve the problem myself I could not help telling my sons about the things. When I suddenly woke up at midnight, I found my eldest son was sitting (04)___ me. He kissed me and said, "Don't worry, Mum. We love you very much and always stand by you whatever happens." At the moment I started weeping, grabbed him and kissed him. His words and love made me forget all about what I was stressing about. In fact ever since that moment, I have realized that I can overcome any problems thanks to my sons' love. The most important thing of my life is that my boys are safe and healthy, and they bring me joy all the time. The memory (05)___ me that nothing really matters, when I have the love of my children. Question 01. A. change B. convert C. move D. transfer (nghĩa ngữ cảnh - theo logic “didn’t want to release - move = khơng cho thuê – chuyển đi”) Question 02. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left (cụm từ cố định “have st left = cịn lại thứ gì”) Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 25
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Question 03. A. if B. as though C. because D. although (nghĩa ngữ cảnh – hình thức giải thích “because = vì”) Question 04. A. by B. up C. over D. next (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “sit by = ngồi cạnh”) Question 05. A. remembers B. reminds C. minds D. misses (nghĩa ngữ cảnh về thuật dùng từ “memory - remind = bộ nhớ/ trí nhớ - nhắc cho nhớ”) Exercise 12: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to choose the word or phrase that best fits each of the blanks. When you read something in a foreign language, you often (06)___ across words you do not fully understand. Sometimes you check the meaning in a dictionary and sometimes you guess. The strategy you adopt depends very much (07)___ the degree of accuracy you require and the time at your disposal. If you are the sort of person who tends to turn to the dictionary frequently, it is worth remembering that every dictionary has its advantages. Each definition is only an approximation and one builds up an accurate picture of the meaning of a word only after meeting it in a (08)___ of contexts. It is also important to recognize the special dangers of dictionaries that translate from English into your native language and vice versa. If you must use a dictionary, it is usually (09)___ safer to consult an English-English dictionary. In most exams you are not permitted to use a dictionary. (10)___ you are allowed to use one, it is very time-consuming to look up words, and time in exams is usually limited. You are, therefore, forced to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words. Question 06. A. see B. put C. come D. drop (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “come across = tình cờ”) Question 07. A. for B. about C. upon D. in (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “depend on/upon = phụ thuộc vào”) Question 08. A. variation B. lots C. variety D. diverse (cụm từ cố định “a variety of = đa dạng/ rất nhiều”) Question 09. A. too B. very C. no D. far (cụm từ cố định “far + comparative = vượt trội ”) Question 10. A. Although B. Even if C. Provided D. Or else (nghĩa ngữ cảnh – thức giả định “even if = cho dù”) Exercise 13: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. The warming of the Earth is caused by exhaust gas from automobile engines, factories and power (11)___. Carbon dioxide goes up into the atmosphere, and it form a kind of screen that keeps or allows the sunshine in but stop the Earth heat (12)___ getting out. It works like a greenhouse, that’s why we call (13)___ the Green House effect. Because of this effect, the Earth is getting warmer all the time. This (14)___ in temperature will cause big changes to the world’s climate. The sea level will increase as the ice (15)___ the poles will melt. Question 11. A. companies B. factories C. sites D. stations (cụm từ cố định “power stations = nhà máy điện”) Question 12. A. from B. up C. against D. away (cụm động từ - giới từ cố định “stop sb/st from = ngăn khơng cho”) Question 13. A. is B. be C. it D. them (nghĩa ngữ cảnh “call st st = gọi là”) Question 14. A. raise B. rise C. drop D. fall (nghĩa chủ đề “rise in temperature = sự tăng nhiệt độ”) Question 15. A. covering B. covers C. covered D. cover (mệnh đề quan hệ lược “which covers = covering”) Exercise 14: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 26
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Environmental Concerns Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (16)___ human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world carries on consuming two-thirds of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just to stay alive we are rapidly destroying the lonely resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (17)___ built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (18)___, the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are making increasingly heavy demands on it. The Earth's (19)___ resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (20)___ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources, they will go indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and everyone will suffer. Question 16. A. Although B. Yet C. Still D. Despite (lối chuyển ý phủ định “yet = but = nhưng”) Question 17. A. neither B. sooner C. rather D. either (cụm từ cố định “either or = cả .lẫn”) Question 18. A. result B. reaction C. development D. product (cụm ngữ cố định trạng ngữ “as a result = kết quả là”) Question 19. A. living B. real C. natural D. genuine (cụm từ cố định “natural resources = nguồn lợi tự nhiên/ tài nguyên thiên nhiên”) Question 20. A. maintain B. stay C. hold D. keep (thức của động từ “keep O adj = giữ cho ”) Exercise 15: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Our position in the family is one of the factors (21)___ strongly affect our personality. The eldest or first-born children get maximum (22)___ from their parents and the result is that they are usually self-confident and ambitious people. Firstborns are also responsible because they often have to look after their younger brothers or sisters. (23)___, they can be quite bossy and dominant as they often give orders and are fearful of losing position. Middle children are usually sociable since they have other children to play with. They are good at peacemaking and compromising. Yet, on the negative side, (24)___ children can be jealous and moody ones. The youngest in a family is probably quite a relaxed person and some are often lazy. This is because they always have someone in the family to help them. Yet, they are charming and (25)___, have good sense of humor and know how to manipulate others when they want to get their way. Question 21. A. which B. where C. who D. what (đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật “which”) Question 22. A. awareness B. attention C. attraction D. willingness (cụm ngữ nghĩa theo ngữ cảnh “get attention from: nhận được sự quan tâm”) Question 23. A. Whenever B. In addition C. Therefore D. However (văn phong – chuyển ý theo mục đích thảo luận “however”) Question 24. A. elder B. middle C. younger D. youngest (diễn tiến của câu chuyện theo tính chất văn bản “middle children: những đứa trẻ sinh giữa”) Question 25. A. create B. creation C. creative D. creature (trật tự từ - đi cùng liên từ “charming (adj) and creative (adj)”) Exercise 16: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention. Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light. Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 27
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917. However, for many years, physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second World War that physicists began trying to make stimulated emission dominate. They sought ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many other to emit light, amplifying it to much higher powers. Question 23. The word 'intervention' in line 3 could be replaced by___. A. device B. influence C. need D. source (thuần túy đồng nghĩa) Question 24. The word 'it' in line 4 refers to___. A. light bulb B. energy C. molecule D. atom (đang đề cập ở trên) Question 25. Which of the following statements best describes a laser? A. A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light B. An atom in a high-energy state C. A technique for destroying atoms or molecules D. An instrument for measuring light waves (dịng đầu đoạn 1: tên đầy đủ của laser là máy khuếch đại ánh sáng bằng phát xạ kích thích các phĩng xạ) Question 26. According to the passage, Albert Einstein___. A. was the first person to use laser. B. was the first person to suggest the word laser. C. was the first person to mention the existence of stimulated emission. D. was the first person to publish a paper in 1917. (dịng đầu đoạn 2) Question 27. Although Einstein suggested stimulated emission in 1917___. A. It wasn’t made dominant until after World War II. B. physicists didn’t think it would be much weaker. C. physicists thought it was unlikely to emit light. D. many physicists believed him. (dịng 3,4 đoạn 2) Exercise 17: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. The need for a surgical operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an irrational fear of hospitals, and anaesthetics. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery - cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs. In the early years of the 20th century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been advised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. A lung, the whole stomach, or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live comfortable and satisfactory life. However, not every surgeon wants to, or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation. The scope of surgery has increased remarkably in the past decades. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910 and surgery has been extended in many directions, for example to certain types of birth defects in new born babies, and, at the other end of the scale, to life saving operations for the octogenarian. The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks. Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic: the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes; the transplanting of tissues such as lens of the eye; the invention of the Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 28
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and the development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery. One of the most revolutionary areas of modem surgery is that of organ transplants. Until a few decades ago, no person, except an identical twin, was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with the use of X-rays and special drugs, it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more. Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins. Heart and lung transplants have also been reasonably successful. "Spare parts" surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the future but surgery is ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctors say to you, "Yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition." Question 36: Most people are afraid of being operated on___. A. in spite of improvements in modem surgery B. because they think modem drugs are dangerous C. because they do not believe they need anaesthetics D. unless it is an emergency operation (dịng 2,3 đoạn 1) Question 37: Surgeons in the early 20th century, compared with modem ones___. A. had less to learn about surgery B. were more trusted by their patients C. could perform every operation known today D. needed more knowledge (dịng 1,2 đoạn 2) Question 38: A patient can still live a comfortable life even after the removal of___. A. his brain C. a major organ such as the stomach or one lung B. his lungs D. part of the stomach or the whole liver (dịng 5,6 đoạn 2) Question 39: The word "clogged" in the second paragraph is most likely to correspond to___. A. clean B. blocked C. covered D. unwashed (đồng nghĩa thuần túy) Question 40: Today, compared with 1910___. A. 20% fewer of all operation patients die B. 20% of all operation patients recover C. operation deaths have increased by 20% D. five times fewer patients die after being operated on (dịng 2,3 đoạn 3) Question 41: Some of the more astonishing innovations in modern surgery include ___. A. ear, nose and throat transplants B. valve less plastic hearts C. leg transplants D. plastic heart valves (dịng 1-3 đoạn 4) Question 42: Which of the following has the same meaning as "vista" in the fourth paragraph?' A. support B. prospect C. history D. visit (đồng nghĩa thuần túy) Question 43: You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it means ___. A. he thinks your condition may be incurable B. he is a good doctor C. he thinks you will survive D. you are getting better already (dịng cuối đoạn cuối) Exercise 18: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Genetic modification of foods is not a new practice. It has been practiced for thousands of years under the name of "selective breeding". Animals and plants were chosen because they had traits that humans found useful. Some animals were larger and stronger than others, or they yielded more food, or they had some other trait that humans valued. Therefore, they were bred because of Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 29
TIPS ON HOW TO DO GOOD-ENGLISH PAPER IN GCSE EXAMINATION - A GUIDE FOR SUCCESS those traits. Individuals with those traits were brought together and allowed to breed in the hope that their offspring would have the same traits in greater measure. Much the same thing was done with plants. To produce bigger or sweeter fruit, or grow more grain per unit of land, strains of plants were combined and recombined to produce hybrids, or crossbreeds that had the desired traits in the right combinations. All the while, however, biologists wondered: is there a more direct and versatile way to change the traits of plants and animals? Could we rewrite, so to speak, the heredity of organisms to make them serve our needs better? In the 20th century, genetic modification made such changes possible at last. Now, it was possible to alter the genetic code without using the slow and uncertain process of selective breeding. It even became possible to blend plants and animals genetically: to insert animal genes into plants, for example, in order to give the plants a certain trait they ordinarily would lack, such as resistance to freezing. The result was a tremendous potential to change the very nature of biology. Question 31: What is the passage mainly about? A. The arguments against genetic modification B. The benefits brought about by genetic modification C. The reasons behind selective breeding of plants D. The development of genetic modification (đoạn 1) Question 32: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to___. A. organisms B. traits C. animals D. plants (đã được đề cập trước đĩ) Question 33: The word "blend" in paragraph 3 mostly means___. A. combine B. collect C. gather D. carry (đồng nghĩa thuần túy) Question 34: According to the passage, selective breeding___. A. is slower and uncertain than genetic modification B. works much better on plants than on animals C. helps change the traits of plants rather than animals D. has a huge potential to change the nature of biology (dịng 1,2 đoạn 3) Question 35: Which of the following IS NOT achieved by genetic modification? A. Giving plants necessary traits taken from animals’ genes B. Producing hybrids or crossbreeds from many animals and plants C. Encouraging people to give up selective breeding completely D. Making big changes to the very nature of biology (nội dung đề cập ở đoạn văn) Exercise 19: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Laws are rules that a society makes to maintain order and keep citizens and their possessions safe. Most countries have thousands of laws that are enforced by police officers with the help of court systems. Laws today are based on those of earlier societies. Ancient Egypt had laws in 3000 B.C. They were based on common sense views of right and wrong. All people were equal under the law. When a person broke the law, their punishment could be as simple as returning a stolen item or as severe as lashings from a whip. Sometimes, a person’s entire family could be punished for their crimes. Later, there was the Code of Hammurabi from the land of Babylon. It was the first written code of law in history and was created in 1772 B.C. It included 282 laws in total. This is where we get the phrase, “an eye for an eye” as that was a punishment. There were laws about rewards for returning slaves to owners, laws about marriage, laws about compensation for theft and loss, and laws about responsibility if a house collapsed. These laws were originally written on giant stone tablets. Some tablets still exist and are kept in the Louvre Museum. Later, the Romans created their first legal text, the Law of the Twelve Tables, in the mid-5th century B.C. These laws were mostly civil, meaning they were private laws about how citizens Designed by Đỗ Bình – binhbac72@gmail.com page 30