Trọng tâm ngữ pháp tiếng Anh phổ thông - Chuyên đề: Clauses and phrases of concession & Clause and phrases of reason - Trương Đăng Ái

Nội dung text: Trọng tâm ngữ pháp tiếng Anh phổ thông - Chuyên đề: Clauses and phrases of concession & Clause and phrases of reason - Trương Đăng Ái

1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ: Lưu hành nội bộ
2. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 1 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON A. KHÁI NIỆM 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường được giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even though, even if. Ex: Although/ though/ Even though/ Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up. S V S V 2. Các cấu trúc khác của mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ: Whatever (+ noun) Whichever (+ noun) + S + V, S + V. = cho dù Whoever (+ noun) Whenever Wherever However + adj/ adv * Chú ý: Ta đặt adj/ adv ngay sau However. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
3. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 2 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Ex: - Whoever he may be, I won’t believe what he says. [Cho dù anh ấy là ai, tôi cũng không tin những gì anh ta nói.] - Whatever you do, I will favour you. [Dù cậu làm gì, tôi cũng ủng hộ] - However rich he is, he never helps the needed. [Dù giàu có cỡ nào, anh ấy cũng không bao giờ giúp đỡ những ai cần được giúp đỡ.] Ex: - No matter what jobs he got, he was not satisfied. [Dù làm bất cứ công việc gì, anh ấy cũng không hài lòng] - No matter how cold it was, he didn’t wear warm clothes. [Dù rời có lạnh cỡ nào, anh ấy cũng không mặc áo ấm] - No matter who you are, I still love you. - No matter what she says, I don’t believe her. - No matter how rich you are, I don’t love you. - No matter what he does, he always tries his best. - No matter when she comes, I always welcome .her. - No matter where he lives, I always find him. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
4. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 3 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Note: No matter who = whoever No matter what = whatever No matter when = whenever No matter where = wherever No matter how + Adj/ Avd = however + Adj/ Avd Ex: Whoever you are, I still love you. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whenever you return, she waits for you. Ex: It doesn’t matter what she does, she is careful. [Dù làm việc gì, cô ấy cũng cẩn thận] Ex: - Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours. - Quietly though I had spoken, the medical superrintendent heard. Ex: Much as he longs our marriage, he’s completely absorbed in the making of maps. (Although he longs for our marriage very much, ) ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
5. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 4 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 3. Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ bởi các giới từ: despite/ in spite of + noun phrase Despite/ In spite of + V.ing + the fact that + S + V Ex: Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smile. = In spite of being sad, she managed to smile. * Note: Khi cả hai mệnh đề cùng một chủ ngữ ta có thể chuyển mệnh chính về dạng V.ing. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
6. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 5 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON B. CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF CONCESSION I- CLAUSE OF CONCESSION (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) Là mệnh đề chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề trong câu. Bắt đầu bằng: although, though, even though, even if (mặc dự) + clause. Although Though + Clause (S + V ) Even though Even if Ex: - He was lazy. He passed the test. → Although he was lazy, he passed the test. - We had a picnic. The weather was bad. → We had a picnic though the weather was bad. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
7. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 6 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON II- PHRASE OF CONCESSION: (Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ) Bắt đầu bằng IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE (mặc dù) sau nó là một cụm từ (phrase) có thể là cụm danh từ hoặc cum danh động từ. IN SPITE OF/ DESPITE + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase Ex: - Despite studying hard, he failed the final test. - We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather. III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) Subject (pronoun) + be + adj Possessive adj + noun Ex: - Although he was lazy, he passed the test. → Despite his laziness, he passed the test. - Though he was poor, he lived a happy life. → In spite of his poverty, he lived a happy life. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
8. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 7 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Subject (noun) + be + adj possessive case + noun Ex: - The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless. → The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness. Subject + V (ordinary) V-ing Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test. → In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
9. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 8 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON There + be + Noun → x Noun Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him. → Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him. * CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF REASON (Mệnh đề và cum từ chỉ nguyên nhân) I- CLAUSE OF REASON (Mệnh đề chỉ nguy ên nhân) Là mệnh đề chỉ nguy ên nhân của hành động được nêu trong mệnh đề chính. Bắt đầu bằng: Because (vì) + clause. Because+ Clause (S + V ) Ex: - He came ten minutes late. He missed the first train. → He came ten minutes late because he missed the first train. Main clause Clause of reason ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
10. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 9 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON III- PHRASE OF REASON: (Cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhânï) Bắt đầu bằng BECAUSE OF (bởi vì) sau nó là một cụm từ (phrase) có thể là cụm danh từ hoặc cụm danh động từ. BECAUSE OF + phrase (noun phrase/ gerund phrase) Ex: - Because of the bad weather, they didn’t take part in the trip. Noun phrase - They stayed at home because of being sick. Gerund phrase III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) - Cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân sang cụm từ giống như cách đổi mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ sang cụm từ Ex: I catch cold because I went out in the rain yesterday. I catch cold because of going out in the rain yesterday. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
11. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 10 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON VI. Cách chuyển tính từ thành danh từ: 1. Tính từ chỉ màu sắc, trạng thái hay tính chất : thêm đuôi -ness hoặc -ty thành danh từ Ví dụ: Kind → kindness [sự tử tế, lòng tốt] Happy → happiness [hạnh phúc, niềm vui] Lazy → laziness [lười biếng] Honest → honesty [tính lương thiện, chân thật] Safe → safety [sự an toàn] Cruel → cruelty [sự độc ác] 2. Những tính từ tận cùng bằng -ful hay -ly : thêm đuôi -ness thành danh từ Ví dụ: Careful → carefulness [sự thận trọng, cẩn thận] Ugly → ugliness [xấu xí] Lonely → loneliness [sự cô đơn] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
12. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 11 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 3. Những tính từ tận cùng bằng -al, -ial, -id, -ile, -ure: thêm đuôi -ity thành danh từ Ví dụ: Equal → equality [sự bình đẳng] Special → speciality [sự đặc biệt] Partial → partiality [tính thiên vị, không công bằng] Timid → timidity [tính rụt rè, nhút nhát] Solid → solidity [sự rắn chắc, vững chắc] Valid → validity [tính hiệu lực, giá trị pháp lý] Pure → purity [sự tinh khiết] Fertile → fertility [sự màu mỡ] 4. Những tính từ tận cùng bằng -ant hay -ent: bỏ -t, sau đó thêm -ce thành danh từ Ví dụ: Important → importance [sự quan trọng] Ignorant → Ignorance [sự ngu dốt] Confident → confidence [sự tự tin] Intelligent → Intelligence [sự hiểu hiết, khả năng hiểu biết] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
13. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 12 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 5. Những tính từ tận cùng bằng -ant hay -ent: bỏ -t, sau đó thêm -cy thành danh từ Ví dụ: Brilliant → brilliancy [sự sáng chói, rực rỡ] Redundant → redundancy [phần thừa] Innocent → innocency [tính ngây thơ] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
14. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 13 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 6. Mở rộng * Một số danh từ được tạo nên từ động từ: bằng cách thêm đuôi -ion/-ation/-ment: Ví dụ: Confess → confession [sự thú nhận] Express → expression [sự bày tỏ] Confuse → confusion [sự rối loạn, mơ hồ] Organise → organization [tổ chức] Improve → improvement [sự tiến bộ, sự cải thiện] Manage → management [sự quản lý] * Danh từ chỉ người: động từ + -or/-er/-ist/-ant Ví dụ: Manage → manager [người quản lý] Drive → driver [người lái xe] Teach → teacher [giáo viên] Visit → visitor [khách du lịch] Assist => assistant [trợ lý] Consult => consultant [tư vấn viên] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
15. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 14 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON V. Cách chuyển danh từ thành tính từ 1. Danh từ thêm đuôi –ly, y sẽ thành tính từ • Danh từ chỉ ngày tháng: Ví dụ: day → daily: [hàng ngày] week → weekly: [hàng tuần] month → monthly: [hàng tháng] year → yearly: [hàng năm] • Danh từ chỉ thời tiết: Ví dụ: rain → rainy: [mưa] sun → sunny: [nắng] Storm → stormy: [bão] cloud → cloudy: [mây] • Danh từ liên quan đến con người/ gia đình: Ví dụ: man → manly: [nam tính] girl → girly: [nữ tính] mother → motherly: [(thuộc) mẹ] father => fatherly: [(thuộc) bố] home => homely: [giản dị, mộc mạc] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
16. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 15 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 2. Danh từ thêm đuôi -ful thành tính từ: Ví dụ: Beauty → beautiful: [xinh đẹp] Hope → hopeful: [hi vọng] Care → careful: [cẩn thận] 3. Danh từ thêm đuôi -less thành tính từ (mang nghĩa phủ định) Ví dụ: Care → careless: [bất cẩn] Home → homeless: [vô gia cư] Hope → hopeless: [thất vọng] 4. Những danh từ tận cùng “tion”, “ture” , “ic”, “ment”, thêm đuôi -al thành tính từ Ví dụ: Nation → national: [(thuộc) quốc gia] Profession → professional [chuyên nghiệp] Music → musical: [(thuộc) âm nhạc] Nature → natural: [(thuộc) tự nhiên] Government → governmental: (thuộc) chính phủ ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
17. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 16 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 5. Danh từ thêm đuôi -like thành tính từ: giống như Ví dụ: Child → childlike: [giống như trẻ con] Star → starlike: [giống như ngôi sao] 6. Danh từ kết thúc bằng đuôi -y, thêm đuôi -ic hoặc -ical thành tính từ: Ví dụ: Technology → technological/ technologic: [(thuộc) kỹ thuật] Biology → biological/ biologic: [(thuộc) sinh vật học] Economy → economic: [(thuộc) kinh tế] Economy → economical: [tiết kiệm] 7. Danh từ thêm đuôi -en thành tính từ: làm bằng chất liệu gì Ví dụ: Wood → wooden: [làm bằng gỗ] Gold → golden: [làm bằng vàng] 8. Danh từ có đuôi là -ce: chuyển -ce thành “t”: Ví dụ: Difference → different: [khác biệt] Importance → important: [quan trọng] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
18. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 17 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 9. Danh từ thêm đuôi -ern thành tính từ: chỉ các hướng Ví dụ: Eastern: Đông Western: Tây Southern: Nam Northern: Bắc 10. Danh từ thêm đuôi -ive, -able, hoặc -ous thành tính từ: Ví dụ: Act → active [năng động] Attract → attractive [hấp dẫn] Comfort → comfortable [thoải mái] Danger → dangerous [nguy hiểm] Homor → homorous [hài hước] Fame → famous [nổi tiếng] ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
19. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 18 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON VI. REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON. (Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân). Mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ nguyên nhân có thể được rút gọn thành cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân (reason/ cause phrases) với cụm giới từ (preposition phrases) : a) ⟶ . Ví dụ: - This man can’t see well because he’s old. [Người đàn ông này không thấy rõ vì ông ấy già rồi.] ⟶ This man can’t see well because of his old age. - This boy must retake the same class because he’s lazy. [Cậu bé này phải học lại lớp vì cậu ấy lười biếng.] ⟶ This boy must retake the same class due to his laziness. b) ⟶ Ví dụ: They can’t go fishing because the weather is bad. [Họ không thể đi đánh cá vì thời tiết xấu.] ⟶ They can’t go fishing because of the bad weather. - They can’t work there because the working condition is bad. [Họ không thể làm việc nơi ấy vì điều kiện làm việc xấu.] ⟶ They can’t work there due to conditions. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
20. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 19 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON c) ./ Ví dụ: - She got sick because she worked hard. [Cô ấy bị bệnh vì làm việc vất vả.] ⟶ She got ill because of hard. - Tom didn’t go 10 the movies because he had seen the film. [Tom không đi xem phim vì anh ấy đã xem phim đó rồi.] ⟶ Tom didn't go to the movies due to seen the film. Chú ý : - Ở cấu trúc này chúng ta chỉ được rút gọn khi hai chủ từ giống nhau - cùng một người hay một sự kiện. - Khi động từ mệnh đề nguyên nhân chỉ hành động xảy ra trước, nó được đổi thành danh động từ hoàn thành (perfect gerund : HAVING + P.P.) ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
21. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 20 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Một mệnh đề bắt đầu với “Verb+ing” có thể được dùng để nói lên vì sao việc gì đó xảy ra. Nó có cùng nghĩa với “because, since, as“, do đó người ta gọi là dạng rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân kết quả. Trong trường hợp này, . Ví dụ: Being a manager, he knew what he must do in that situation. ＃ Because he was a manager, he knew what he must do in that situation. Hearing that conversation, she decided to quit the job. ＃ Because she heard that conversation, she decided to quit the job. “Having + past participle” cũng được sử dụng đồng nghĩa với “because“. Trong trường hợp này, nó chỉ ra rằng hành động trong mệnh đề phân từ xảy ra trước hành động ở mệnh đề chính. Ví dụ: Having attended the class, they finished all the exercises. ＃ Because they had attended the class, they finished all the exercises. Having worked all day, he was tired and slept early. ＃ Because he had worked all day, he was tired and slept early. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
22. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 21 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON – Nếu mệnh đề trạng ngữ có , nó có thể rút gọn thành Ví dụ: Since she is beautiful, she gets a position in a fashion company. ＃ Being beautiful, she gets a position in a fashion company. Lưu ý: “Being” đứng đầu câu hoặc đầu mệnh đề trạng ngữ cũng có thể được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh quan hệ nguyên nhân kết quả giữa hai mệnh đề. Ví dụ: (3 câu sau có nghĩa giống nhau) - Because they were unable to find the phone number, they went there to ask for information. - Being unable to find the phone number, they went there to ask for information. - Unable to find the phone number, they went there to ask for information. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
23. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 22 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Trong trường hợp phủ định, người ta dùng hoặc “ Ví dụ: As I do not work for a big company, I do not have any chance to work with foreigners. ＃ Not working for a big company, I do not have any chance to work with foreigners. Since you had not prepared well, you failed in the grammar exam last week. ＃ Not having prepared well, you failed in the grammar exam last week. Rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân có thể được thực hiện trong trường hợp chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề là khác nhau. Lúc này, chủ ngữ của mệnh đề nguyên nhân cần được đặt ở đầu câu. Ví dụ: Because the library is closed, we read books in a coffee shop. ＃ The library being closed, we read books in a coffee shop. As the weather was hot in Jun, we had to postpone the outdoor meeting. ＃ The weather being hot in Jun, we had to postpone the outdoor meeting. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
24. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 23 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 1. ___ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it. A. As B .Though C. Since D. Despite 2. He is a very intelligent boy, ___he is very lazy A. but B. and C. or D. so 3. ___I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends A. Though B. Since C. Because of D. So that 4. Last night we came to the show late ___the traffic was terrible. A. although B. despite C. and D. because 5. Lan couldn’t pass the exam___she was too lazy. A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of 6. ___ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday. A. Because B. Because of C. Despite D. So 7. ___there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there. A. Despite B. In spite of C. Becacuse of D. Though 8. ___ the weather, we went sailing. A. Despite B. In spite of C. Although D. A and B 9. ___Hudson led early, he lost the race. A. Though B. Although C. Even though D. all are correct ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
25. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 24 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 10. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris. A. Eventhough Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris. B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French. C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French. D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris. 11. Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi. A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting. B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting. C. Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi. D. Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi. 12. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy. A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time. B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time. 13. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert. A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not. B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert. D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
26. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 25 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 14. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car. A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes. B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car. C. The car is too expensive for her to buy. D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot. 15. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill. A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill. D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired. 16. Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert. A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert. B. Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert. C. Trung went to the concert despite having a bad cold. D. Trung had a bad cold. However, he went to the concert. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
27. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 26 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 17. ___ it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat. A. In spite B. In spite of C. However D. Although 18. ___ he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual. A. Although B. However C. Therefore D. Still 19. He was offered the job___his qualifications were poor. A. despite B. in spite of C. even though D. Whereas 20. ___ we were in town, we often met him. A. For B. Although C. So D. When 21. She didn’t get the job ___ she had all the necessary qualifications. A. because B. although C. so D. but 22. I could not eat ___ I was very hungry. A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. in spite the fact that 23. In spite ___, the baseball game was not cancelled. A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain 24. ___ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although 25. ___, he walked to the station. A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired 26. The children slept well, despite ___. A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
28. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 27 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 27. She left him ___ she still loved him. A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite 28. ___ her lack of hard work, she was promoted. A. In spite B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of 29. ___ they are brothers, they do not look like. A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of 30. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces ___ we must also think of our environment. A. despite B. though C. as though D. but 31. ___ some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men. A. But B. Even if C. If D. As though ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
29. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 28 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 2: Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though 1. Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam. My friend Anny does not enjoy it. → 2. Bob always walks to work. He is living in the city. → 3. My house is near the beach. I rarely go swimming. → 4. My brother is working in Ha Noi. He comes home on every public holiday. → 5. Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year. → 6. Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV. → 7. Nick used to smoke. He seems to be in good health. → 8. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired. → 9. Henry’s friend is a millionaire. He hates spending money. → 10. We couldn’t get tickets. We queued for an hour. → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
30. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 29 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses 1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although) → 2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though) → 3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although) → 4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though) → 5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though) → 6.The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although) → 7.The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although) → 8. I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though) → 9. The traffic was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (though) → 10. I didn’t get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (though) → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
31. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 30 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON .11. We enjoyed the vacation. It rained a lot. (although) → 12. She felt sick. She went to work. (though) → 13. I was really tired. I couldn’t sleep. (even though) → 14. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although) → 15. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though) → 16. He tried. He was not successful. (though) → 17. His life is hard. He determined to study well. (although) → 18. He was wise and experienced. He was not taken in. (though) → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
32. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 31 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 4: Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B, using “Though”: A B 1. They injury was serious a. She always buys me a birthday present 2. The result seem unlikely b. There is still room for improvement 3. She was tired c. It didn’t keep her out of the game 4. She is poor d. They are nevertheless correct 5. The invention is ingenious e. Sandra walked home 6. They were outnumbered f. Nobody will ever buy it 7. The food is excellent g. They put up a good performance ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
33. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 32 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with your own words: 1. Although my mom sing very well, ___. 2. Although ___, I can’t sing English song. 3. Sue didn’t come to my birthday party last Sunday though ___. 4. Although my school is far from the city, many students ___. 5. We really enjoyed the trip to the museum last week though ___. 6. Although my sister can draw very beautifully, she ___. Exercise 6: Rewrite the sentences with the word given. 1. Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid. → In spite of 2. Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph. → Despite 3. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold. → In spite of 4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much. → Despite 5. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand. → In spite of 6. Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm. → Despite ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
34. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 33 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 7. I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before. → In spite of 8. We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time. → Despite 9. Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting. → In spite of 10. Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock. → Despite Exercise 7: Rewrite the sentences: 1. Although I was very tired, I didn’t sleep. → No matter 2. Although I was hungry, I didn’t eat anything. → No matter 3. Although he felt unwell, he went on working. → No matter 4. Although he was disappointed, he tried to smile. → No matter 5. He still goes to school although he isn’t fine. → No matter ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
35. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 34 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 6. Although the salary was low, he accepted the job. → Despite 7. In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends. → Though 8. In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner. → Although 9. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life. → Even though 10. In spite of his hard work, Ba failed his exam. → Though 11. In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match. → Although 12. Although they lost, the home team played very well. → Despite 13. Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time. → In spite of 14. Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well. → Despite 15. She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well. → Although ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
36. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 35 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 16. The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden. → Even though 17. It was raining, but we went out. → Though 18. Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative. → Even though 19. Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain. → Though 20. We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot. → In spite of 21. I couldn’t sleep though I was very tired. → Much 22. I didn’t get the job even though I was extremely qualified. → Despite 23. He ate all the fruits although they were green. → No matter 24. The plane took off though the weather was bad. → No matter 25. He took a lot of photographs even though the sky was dark. → No matter ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
37. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 36 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 26. Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire. → Despite 27. Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well. → In spite of 28. He is still fat though he has been on a diet for 2 years. → In spite of 29. Although they lived in poverty, they were always happy. → No matter 30. He got good jobs, he was not satisfied. → No matter what jobs 31. You do any job, you should do it devotedly. → Whatever 32. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen. → However 33. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is a foolish. → Much 34. You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out. → No matter 35. Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports. → Despite ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
38. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 37 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 36. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted. → Friendly 37. I admit he’s clever, but I don’t think he’ll this problem. → Clever 38. She never comes to the office on time although she gets up so early. → No matter 39. He had enjoyed the lively company of his friends in Edinburgh. All the same, his work, he felt, demanded solitude. → Much as 40. Come and sit down, whoever you are. → It doesn’t matter 41. It doesn’t matter how hard she tries, she never beat Sue at tennis. → However 42. No matter what he says, nobody believes him. → Whatever 43. He always woke up early no matter how late he had gone to bed. → However 44. Melissa’s father was very busy, but he still played with her. → Busy 45. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry. → In spite of ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
39. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 38 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 46. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine. → Despite 47. We did the test well though it was difficult. → In spite of 48. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him. → Despite 49. The plane took off though the weather was bad. → In spite of 50. Though his English was good, he wasn’t chosen. → Despite 51. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive in this city. → In spite of 52. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty. → Despite 53. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet. → In spite of 54. He studies very well though his life was hard at that time. → Despite ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
40. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 39 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 8: Rewrite the sentences, using and (if necessary) 1. He felt cold. He put on his coat. → 2. We must put on our raincoat before going outside. It is raining heavily. → 3. The boy's legs were badly hurt. He couldn't play football. → 4. I have just finished my dinner. I am not very hungry. → 5. We study very hard. We want to get good grades in English. → 6. Loan doesn't want to miss the school bus. She gets up early every morning. → 7. He has to quit school. His family is very poor. → 8. My dog lives outdoors. I keep its house warm. → 9. I hid behind the door. I didn't want to see her. → 10. She joined an English club. She wanted to improve her spoken English. → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
41. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 40 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 9: Choose the best answer: 1. He is having a rest as ___. A. he is tired B. he is working 2. She gets good grades in her exams because ___. A. she is lazy B. she is hard-working 3. I'm so happy and lucky because ___. A. my parents give me great care B. I fell off a tall tree 4. Her brother can't buy that pair of fashionable shoes as ___. A. he doesn't have any money B. he is rich 5. My English intonation sounds better because ___. A. I hate speaking English B. I speak English day by day 6. We do our homework carefully because ___. A. we don't want to make any mistakes B. we love seeing the sky. 7. The flowers grow fast because ___. A. I water them every day B. they are going to die 8. My father locks the door carefully because ___. A. he doesn't want burglars to break in B. he enjoys watching our house 9. The students are taking the writing course because ___. A. they want to broaden their vocabulary B. they want to improve their writing skill 10. My little sister tried to learn English at the age of six because ___. A. she wants to study abroad in the future B. she likes Mathematics ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
42. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 41 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 11. I can't speak because ___. A. I like loud sounds B. I have a sore throat 12. I ask my boss for a day off because ___. A. I intend to take part in my cousin's wedding B. I am a workaholic 13. He always wears a hat because ___. A. he is embarrassed about being bald B. he doesn't like wearing a hat 14. The man was released as ___. A. there was no evidence against him B. he is guilty 15. I went to the class union because ___. A. I wanted to see my old classmates B. I hate meetings ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
43. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 42 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 10 : Join each pair of clauses to make a sentence: 1. Because no one was watching the television, 2. The teacher punished him 3. I don’t like them because 4. We didn’t swim there 5. Because he was broke, A. because he had been late for school more than three times. B. because the water was not clean. C. he couldn’t buy anything. D. I switched it off. E. they are dishonest. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
44. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 43 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 6. She asks her mother for advice 7. Huong gets the job because 8. We want a new microwave as 9. Because she is a creative and humorous teacher, 10. My classmate annoys me because F. she has necessary qualifications. G. she constantly asks me ridiculous questions. H. as she doesn’t want to make a big mistake again. J. her lessons are very interesting. I. the one that our family have now is broken. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
45. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 44 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 11 : Rewrite the sentences, using beginning with the words given in the brackets: 1. Mr. Juan only has a little money, so he buys a cheap car. (Because) → 2. Because he always did well in his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got an A. (He always) → 3. I forgot to keep the milk in the refrigerator, so it went bad. (The milk) → 4. My grandfather has high blood pressure, so he has to watch what he eats. (Because) → 5. His father died at a young age, so he had a difficult childhood. (He had) → 6. She wanted to major in English, so she chose Vietnam National University. (Because) → 7. He is worried because he is late for an important meeting. (He is late) → 8. Dr. Phuong prescribed the wrong medicine, so he was in trouble. (Because) → 9. Son had excellent grades and participated in many activities, so he got the job. (Son got) → 10. The lecture was so boring and irrelevant, so some of the students fell asleep. (Because) → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
46. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 45 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 12 : Join each pair of clauses to make a sentence: 1. Learning English online is becoming more and more popular because 2. She doesn't have to clean the room every day because 3. He looks really happy because 4. Because I didn't have enough money to buy a laptop, 5. Because he is just 15 years old, A. he gets a high score in IELTS test. B. it is very convenient and cost-saving. C. he has not been allowed to get married yet. D. I borrowed some money from my friends. E. her roommate does it for her. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
47. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 46 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON 6. Because they are rich and powerful, 7. Because his wife loves flowers, 8. Phuong drops out of university because 9. Thuy tells Lan her secret stories because 10. Mobile phones should be kept away from bed as E. he never forgets to buy her some flowers every day. F. they can influence lots of people. G. their radiations are harmful to our health. H. she wants to get working experience. I. they are best friends. ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
48. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 47 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 13 : Join the pairs of sentences together. Use , or a) b) c) d) ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
49. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 48 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON e) f) ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
50. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 49 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 14 : Choose the best answer 1. ___ he is tired, he can’t work longer. A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides 2. We couldn’t reach the house ___ the road was flooded. A. because B. because of C. if D. though 3. ___, I can’t hear what he is saying. A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music 4. It was boring, ___ we decided to leave the party early. A. although B. so C. because D. but 5. It was difficult to deliver the letter ___ the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope. A. so B. though C. and D. since ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
51. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 50 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 15 : Combine these pairs of sentences. Use , or a) The water is highly polluted. We cannot swim in this part of the river. → b) The company does not produce recycled paper. It is more expensive to produce it than regular paper. → c) We want people to be aware of the problem of pollution. We have "a green week" three times a year. → d) The area around the beach is full of trash. No one wants to go swimming or sunbathing there. → e) It started to rain. We could not keep on cleaning the beach. → f) Mr. Minh is admired. He dedicates all his life to protecting the environment. → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002
52. TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH PHỔ THÔNG 51 CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF CONCESSION & CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF REASON Exercise 16 : Write the reasons. Some of our friends are saying why they are joining a "round the country” tour a) Lan: I need it in my study. → Lan is joining a "round the country" tour she needs it in her study. b) Mai: I want to give myself a new interest. → c) Nam: I like having new friends from other cities. → d) Ba: I love seeing beautiful sights of the country. → e) Hoa: I want to visit all different regions of the country. → f) Tu: I am able to taste all delicious foods and fruits. → g) Linh: I can enrich my geography knowledge. → ứ ỳ ị ữ ẻ ườ ế ờ ợ ế Zal1o: 033.926.4002