Chuyên đề tự học Tiếng Anh (Theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc) : Adrerbal clauses - Đỗ Bình

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1. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES PART A: STRUCTURES Punctuation  When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. .  When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town.  The time in the sentence is future but we use a present tense. Ex: wait here until I come back. (not until I will come back)  We can also use the present perfect tense after: when/after/as soon as/until or till Can I borrow that book when you have finished it? It is often possible to use the present tense or the present perfect tense Ex: I will come as soon as I finish. Or I will come as soon as I have finished. Adverbial Clauses of Time When He was talking on the phone when I arrived. When she called, he had already eaten lunch. I washed the dishes when my daughter fell asleep. We'll go to lunch when you come to visit. 'When' means 'at that moment, at that time, etc. ‘Notice the different tenses used in relationship to the clause beginning with when. It is important to remember that 'when' takes either the simple past OR the present. Punctuation When an adverb clause begins the sentence use a comma to separate the two clauses. Example: As soon as he arrives, we will have some lunch. . When the adverb clause finishes the sentence there is no need for a comma. Example: He gave me a call when he arrived in town. Before We will finish before he arrives. She (had) left before I telephoned. 'Before' means 'before that moment'. It is important to remember that 'before' takes either the simple past OR the present. After We will finish after he comes. She ate after I (had) left. 'After' means 'after that moment'. It is important to remember that 'after' takes the present for future events and the past OR past perfect for past events. While, as She began cooking while I was finishing my homework. As I was finishing my homework, she began cooking. 'While' and 'as' mean 'during that time'. 'While' and 'as' are both usually used with the past continuous because the meaning of 'during that time' which indicates an action in progress. By the time By the time he finished, I had cooked dinner. We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive. 'By the time' expresses the idea that one event has been completed before another. It is important to notice the use of the past perfect for past events and future perfect for future events in the main clause. This is because of the idea of something happening up to another point in time. Until, till We waited until he finished his homework. By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 1
2. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES I'll wait till you finish. 'Until' and 'till' express 'up to that time'. We use either the simple present or simple past with 'until' and 'till'. 'Till' is usually only used in spoken English. Since I have played tennis since I was a young boy. They have worked here since 1987. 'Since' means 'from that time'. We use the present perfect (continuous) with 'since'. 'Since' can also be used with a specific point in time. As soon as/ Once He will let us know as soon as he decides (or as soon as he has decided). As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call. Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball. 'As soon as' means 'when something happens - immediately afterwards'. 'As soon as' is very similar to 'when' it emphasizes that the event will occur immediately after the other. We usually use the simple present for future events, although present perfect can also be used. NOTE: No sooner than or hardly/scarcely/barely when. . is used in the meaning of As soon as but when the sentence starts with them, that part is used in “inversion” like the question form and in the past perfect tense. Examples: As soon as I entered the room, I noticed her. No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her. Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her. As soon as he approached the house, the policeman stopped him. No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him. Hardly had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him. 23. ___ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came. A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. No longer has D. Not until had (TRÍCH ĐỀ THI DẠI HỌC NĂM 2009) Mã Đề 469 Whenever, every time Whenever he comes, we go to have lunch at "Dick's". We take a hike every time he visits. Whenever/Every time Susan feels nervous, she chews her nails. 'Whenever' and 'every time' mean 'each time something happens'. We use the simple present (or the simple past in the past) because 'whenever' and 'every time' express habitual action. The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time The first time I went to New York, I was intimidated by the city. I saw Jack the last time I went to San Francisco. The second time I played tennis, I began to have fun. The first, second, third, fourth etc., next, last time means 'that specific time'. We can use these forms to be more specific about which time of a number of times something happened. PART B: EXERCISES A. CHOOSE THE BEST CHOICE: 1. Lan has learnt English since she___ a small girl. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been 2. Don’t go anywhere until I___ back. A. come B. came C. will come D. am coming 3. Before cars___, people___ horses and bicycles. By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 2
3. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES A. were discovered/ had used B. discovering/ had used C. had discovered/ used D. discovered/ had used 4. I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting ___. A. will end B. ends C. is ending D. would end 5. When we___ him tomorrow, we will remind him of that. A. will see B. see C. am seeing D. saw. 6. When he comes, I___ her the news. A. tell B. will tell C. would tell D. would have told 7. When the police came, they ___. A. are fighting B. fought C. would be fighting D. were fighting 8. Before she came to England, she ___ English. A. studied B. will study C. had studied D was studying 9. I have lost touch with him ___ He left for London. A. as soon as B. after C. before D. since 10. My mother is washing the dishes ___ my father is watching television. A. when B. while C. as D. since 11. ___, I will give him the report. A. When he will return B. When he returns C. Until he will return D. No sooner he returns 12. ___ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire. A. Until B. No sooner C. By the time D. After 13. I have earned my own living ___ I was seven. A. since B. when C. while D. as soon as 14. We saw many beautiful birds ___ in the lake. A when we are fishing B. while fishing C. while fished D. fishing 15. ___, Peter came to see me. A. While having dinner B. While I was having dinner C. When having dinner D. When lam having dinner 16. ___ my homework, I went to bed. A. After I had finished B. After finished C. Finished D. After had finished 17. ___ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend. A. Before left B. Before he leaves C. Before leaving D. Before he will leave 18. Jones ___ after everyone ___. A. speaks / will eat B. will speak / has eaten C. is speaking / eats D. has spoken / will have eaten 19. ___, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines. A. Whenever raining B. As it will be raining C. When it will rain D. Whenever it rains 20. ___ in Rome than he was kidnapped. A. No sooner he arrived B. Had he no sooner arrived C. No sooner had he arrived D. No sooner he had arrived 21. ___ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him. A. As soon as B. After C. No sooner D. Since 22. Mrs. Pike ___ the door before the customers arrived. A. had opened B. will open C. would open D. has open By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 3
4. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES 23. After Mariana ___ her exam, I ___ her out to eat. A. was finishing / would take B. finished / had taken C. will finish / have taken D. has finished / will take 24. Mary will have finished all her work ___. A. as soon as her boss returned B. until her boss will return C. by the time her boss returns D. when he-r boss will return 25. She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried ___ the pillow was wet through. A. before B. after C. until D. while 26. ___ you finish typing that report make five copies of it and give it to aloof the officers. A. While B. When C. But D. Although 27. When the passenger ___, will you please give him this package? A. will arrive B. arrives C. would arrives D. arriving 28. They were playing in the garden when___. A. they have heard a scream B. they were hearing a scream C. they heard a scream D. they had heard a scream 29. He cleaned his shoes___ they shone. A. when B. after C. while D. until 30. I had no sooner lit the barbecue ___ it started to rain. A. as B. while C. than D. that 31. When the paint___ it'll change from a light to a deep red. A. dry B. dries C. dried D. will dry 32. When___ older I'd love to be an artist. A. I'm B. I'll be C. was D. have been 33. By the time he retires, he___ $20,000. A. will save B. has saved C. had saved D. will have saved 34. When I___ here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension. A. work B. am working C. have worked D. had worked B. Rewrite using the words in brackets: 1. As soon as he went into the bank, one of the robbers attacked him. (No sooner than. . .)  ___ 2. She fell asleep as soon as she lay down. (Hardly . . . when. . .)  ___ 3. As soon as he stepped into the bathroom, the cell phone rang. (No sooner than. . .)  ___ 4. He read the reading passage first. Immediately after that he answered the questions. (Hardly/when)  ___ 5. As soon as he saw her, he recognised her. (No sooner than )  ___ Answers: 1. No sooner had he gone into the bank than one of the robbers attacked him. 2. Hardly had she lain down when she fell asleep. 3. No sooner has she stepped into the bathroom than the cell phone rang. 4. Hardly had he read the reading passage when he answered the questions. 5. No sooner had he seen her than he recognised her. C. Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense 1. How long do you want me to heat the oil? –heat it till it (begin) to smoke. (begins) By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 4
5. CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỰ HỌC TIẾNG ANH (theo tham chiếu Châu Âu 6 bậc)– ADVERBAL CLAUSES 2. How long are you going to stay here? - I’m going to stay here until my brother (finish) his exams. (has finished/ finishes) 3. When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start). (got / had started) 4. By the time you (read) this book, your meal will get cold. (read) 5. Please tell me how to get to the hospital? - Go till you (come) to a square with a statue in the middle; then turn left and you (find) it on your right. (come/ will find) 6. I (read) book while my sister (do) her homework. (was reading / was doing) 7. When he (come), I (watch) a football match on TV. (came/ was watching) 8. When I (walk) down the street, I (see) her. (was walking / saw) 9. We will go with him as soon as we (finish) the task. (have finished) 10. I (learn) English since I (be) six years old. (have learned / was) 11. When we (see) them last night, they (sing). They (say) they (sing) since 6 o'clock. 12. I hope it (not rain) when the bride (leave) the church tomorrow. 13. In a few minutes' time, when the clock (strike) six, I (wait) here for 3 hours. 14. John (do) the test again at the moment because he (not pass) it the first time. 15. I wish I (listen) to your advice last night. When I (be) able to leave hospital, doctor? 16. I will stay with you until your mother (come) home. 17. After he had got the money, he (leave) home immediately. 18. When he (arrive), he will tell us the truth. 19. Mary was dancing while John (sing). 20. The train left as we (arrive). ANSWERS 11. When we saw them last night, they were singing. They said they had sung since 6 o'clock. 12. I hope it won't rain when the bride leaves the church tomorrow. 13. In a few minutes' time, when the clock strikes six, I will be waiting here for 3 hours. 14. John is doing the test again at the moment because he didn't pass it the first time. 15. I wish I had listened to your advice last night. When I was able to leave hospital, doctor? 16. I will stay with you until your mother comes home. 17. After he had got the money, he left home immediately. 18. When he arrives, he will tell us the truth. 19. Mary was dancing while John was singing. 20. The train left as we arrived. THE END By Đỗ Bình – THPT Liễn Sơn – Lập Thạch, Vĩnh Phúc www.violet.vn/quocbinh72 Trang 5