Trọng tâm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh THPT - Chuyên đề: ... (not) as ... as/too/enough - Trương Đăng Ái

Nội dung text: Trọng tâm ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh THPT - Chuyên đề: ... (not) as ... as/too/enough - Trương Đăng Ái

1. Zalo: 033.926.4002
2. Zalo: 033.926.4002
3. 1. as + adj/ adv as để so sánh khi những thứ chúng ta đang so sánh đều bằng (như) nhau: Ex: - The world’s biggest bull is as big as a small elephant. - The weather this summer is as bad as last year. It hasn’t stopped raining for weeks. - You have to unwrap it as carefully as you can. It’s quite fragile. 2. not as as để so sánh giữa những thứ không bằng nhau: Ex: - It’s not as heavy as I thought it would be, actually. - Rory hasn’t grown as tall as Tommy yet. - She’s not singing as loudly as she can. - They didn’t play as well as they usually do. * Chúng ta có thể thay đổi “not as as” bằng “ not quite as hoặc not nearly as”: Ex: - The second race was not quite as easy as the first one. [The second race was easy but the first one was easier.] - These new shoes are not nearly as comfortable as my old ones. [My old shoes are a lot more comfortable than these new shoes.] Zalo: 033.926.4002
4. 3. . as as + possibility * Chúng ta thường diễn đạt khả năng hoặc năng lực sau as as: - Can you come as soon as possible? - Go to as many places as you can. - We got here as fast as we could. 4. as much as, as many as Khi chúng ta muốn so sánh đề cập đến số lượng, chúng ta sử dụng “as much as” với những danh từ không đếm được và “ as many as” với danh từ số nhiều: - Greg makes as much money as Mick but not as much as Neil. - They try to give them as much freedom as they can. - There weren’t as many people there as I expected. * Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “as much as” và “as many as” trước khi một số để đề cập tới một số lượng lớn của một cái gì đó: Ex: - Scientists have discovered a planet which weighs as much as 2,500 times the weight of Earth. - There were as many as 50 people crowded into the tiny room. Zalo: 033.926.4002
5. Bảng tính từ danh từ bất quy tắc: Trong cấu trúc so sánh bằng, với những gợi ý của đề bài thì việc ghi nhớ cụm danh từ, tính từ sẽ giúp bạn giải quyết được các bài tập một cách nhanh chóng. Bảng sau yêu cầu phải bắt buộc nhớ khi học kiến thức về so sánh bằng. Tính từ Danh từ heavy weight wide width deep depth long length big size Zalo: 033.926.4002
6. Lưu ý quan trọng: 1. Trong cấu trúc so sánh bằng khi sử dụng danh từ, chúng ta dùng “the same as" không dùng “the same like”. Ví dụ: This river is the same depth as that one [Dòng sông này thì sâu bằng đồng đua kia] [NOT: This river is the same depth like that one] 2. “Less than" = "not as as" = "not so as”. Nhưng trong lối nói thân mật, "not as as/ not so as” thường được dùng hơn “less than” Ví dụ: This dress is less expensive than that one = This dress is not as/so expensive as that one. [Cái váy này thì không đắt như cái váy kia] 3. Khi nói gấp bao nhiêu lần, ta sử dụng cấu trúc: S + V + twice (a half/ three/ four/ five times) + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun/ clause Ví dụ: - This house is about twice as big as that one. (Ngôi nhà này thì to gấp khoảng 2 lần ngôi nhà kia) - He is three times as handsome as my friends. (Anh ta thì đẹp trai gấp ba lần bạn tôi) Lưu ý: Từ ba lần trở lên chúng ta sử dụng số đếm + times Ví dụ: three times [gấp ba], four times [gấp bốn], five times [gấp năm] Zalo: 033.926.4002
7. 8 CỤM TỪ THÔNG DỤNG VỚI CẤU TRÚC AS AS Trong ngữ pháp thông thường cấu trúc “as+ adj + as” được dùng trong các so sánh ngang bằng. Ngoài đó ra có một số thành ngữ as as rất thông dụng có nghĩa khác. 1. As far as: theo như Ví dụ: - As far as I know, he isn’t comming today. [Theo như tôi biết thì hôm nay anh ta không tới.] Ngoài ra còn các cấu trúc khác như: - As far as sb/sth is concerned/ remember, see, tell, etc.: theo quan điểm của ai đó về điều gì đó Ví dụ: - He said that Sarah will do any thing she can to help us, as far as he is concerned. [Anh ấy nói rằng Sarah sẽ làm bất kỳ điều gì có thể để giúp chúng ta, theo anh ấy là như thế.] - As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. [Theo tôi, bạn không làm điều gì sai cả.] Zalo: 033.926.4002
8. 2. As early as: ngay từ As early as the 20th century : ngay từ thế kỷ 20 Ví dụ: As early as she met John, she recognized that he is very smart. [Ngay từ khi mới gặp John, cô ấy đã thấy anh ấy rất thông minh.] 3. As good as: gần như Ví dụ: The decorating is as good as finished – I just need to finish off the painting. [Phần trang hoàng gần như hoàn tất – Tớ chỉ làm xong phần sơn nữa thôi.] Cấu trúc: as good as one gets có nghĩa là đối xử với người khác cũng như họ đối xử với mình đặc biệt trong trường hợp tiêu cực (như bị công kích hay chỉ trích) Ví dụ: There’s a lot of teasing and fighting among the crew, and you have to be able to give as good as you get. [Có rất nhiều sự chỉ trích và đấu đá trong phi hành đoàn, và bạn cũng có thể đối xử với họ như họ đối xử với bạn.] Zalo: 033.926.4002
9. 4. As much as: hầu như là, gần như là, cũng chừng ấy Ví dụ: He as much as admitted that it was his fault [Anh ta gần như thừa nhận rằng đó là lỗi của anh ta.] Cấu trúc: as much as some one can do có nghĩa là điều gì đó rất khó khăn để thực hiện. Ví dụ: I felt so ill this morning. It was as much as I could do to get out of bed.[Tôi cảm thấy rất mệt sáng nay. Thật khó khăn để ra khỏi giường.] 5. As long as: miễn là Ví dụ: We’ll go as long as the weather is good. [Chúng ta sẽ đi miễn là thời tiết đẹp.] 6. As well as: cũng như Ví dụ: She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. [Cô ấy là thiên tài âm nhạc cũng như chụp ảnh.] As well as = not only but also Zalo: 033.926.4002
10. Lưu ý: Sau as well as, người ta thường dùng động từ dạng V–ing] Ví dụ: He hurt his arm, as well as breaking his leg. [Anh ấy bị thương ở cánh tay cũng như bị gẫy cả chân.] 7. As many as: có tới, thường diễn tả sự ngạc nhiên về một số lượng lớn Ví dụ: There were as many as 200 people at the lecture. [Có tới 200 người ở buổi thuyết giảng.] 8. As soon as posible: càng sớm càng tốt Ví dụ: Please give me that plan as soon as posible. [Làm ơn nộp kế hoạch cho tôi càng sớm càng tốt.] Zalo: 033.926.4002
11. BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG Bài 1: Fill in the comparison with as as: 1. John is (tall) as tall as Glen. 2. Janet is (beautiful) Jenifer. 3. You are (crazy) my sister. 4. We can run (fast) they can. 5. My mom is (not/ strict) your mum. 6. Your mobile phone is (not/ trendy) mine. 7. Matrix II was (not/ interesting) Matrix I. 8. This yoghurt (not/ taste/ good) the one I bought yesterday. 9. I can do (many/ press-ups) you. 10. I (not / earn/ much/ money) you do. Zalo: 033.926.4002
12. Bài 2: Complete the sentences using as as 1. I'm quite tall but you are taller. I'm not as tall as you. 2. My salary is high, but yours is higher. My salary isn't 3. You know a bit about cars, but I know more. You don't . 4. It's still cold, but it was colder yesterday. It isn't 5. I still feel quite tired I felt, but a lot more tired yesterday. I don't 6. Our neighbors have lived here for quite a long time, but we've lived here longer. Our neighbors haven't 7. I was a bit nervous before the interview, but usually I'm a lot more nervous. I wasn't Zalo: 033.926.4002
13. Bài 3: Write a new sentence with the same meaning. 1. Richard is younger than he looks. Richard isn't as old as he looks. 2. I didn't' spend as much money as you. You spent more money than me 3. The station was nearer than I thought. The station wasn't . 4. The meal didn't cost as much as I expected. The meal cost 5. I go out less than I used to. I don't 6. Karen's hair isn't as long as it used to be. Karen used to 7. I know them better than you do. You don't 8. There are fewer people at this meeting than at the last one. There aren't . Zalo: 033.926.4002
14. Bài 4: Complete the sentences using as as + the following: bad comfortable fast long often quietly soon well well-qualified 1. I'm sorry I'm late. I got here as fast as I could. 2. It was a difficult question. I answered it I could. 3. "How long can I stay with you?" "You can stay you like." I 4. I need the information quickly, so let me know possible. 5. I like to keep fit, so I go swimming I can. 6. I didn't want to wake anybody, so I came in I could. In the following sentences use just as as: 7. I'm going to sleep on the floor. It's the bed. 8. Why did he get the job rather than me? I'm him. 9. At first I thought he was nice, but really he's everybody else. Zalo: 033.926.4002
15. Bài 5: Write sentences using the same as 1. David and James are both 22 years old. David is the same age as James. 2. You and I both have dark brown hair. Your hair 3. I arrived at 10.25 and so did you. I 4. My birthday is 5 April. Tom's birthday is 5 April too. My . Bài 6: Complete the sentences with than or as 1. I can't reach as high as you. You are taller than me. 2. He doesn't know much. I know more 3. I don't work particularly hard. Most people work as hard 4. We were very surprised. Nobody was more surprised 5. She's not a very good player. I'm a better player 6. They've been very lucky. I wish we were as lucky . Zalo: 033.926.4002
16. Bài 7: Complete the sentences with as (not) as: 1. She is not (tall) her sister 2. John is (thin) me 3. Peter are (young) his friend 4. My book is (thick) yours 5. He plays tennis (well) Peter 6. Her hair is (long) Mary’s hair 7. Her hair is (height) Mary’s hair 8. They have (children) we do. 9. We have (customers) they do. 11. Tom has (books) Jane. 12. There are (houses in his village) in mine. 13. I have visited the States (times) he has. 14. I have three brothers. That’s (many) you have. 15. John eats (food) Peter. 16. Jim has (patience) Sam. 17. You’ve heard (news) I have. 18. He’s had (success) his brother has. 19. They’ve got (water) we have. Zalo: 033.926.4002
17. Bài 8: Choose the best answer: Câu 1: Ms. Jones isn’t as nice Ms. Smith. A. as B. for C. like D. to Câu 2: I’ll be there I can. A. sooner as B. no sooner as C. as soon as D. soonest as Câu 3: Hotels have developed restaurants. A. as rapidly as B. so rapidly that C. as rapid as D. as rapid than Câu 4: My father is . as yours. A. old B. as old C. older D. so old Câu 5: She speaks English as as you. A. clear B. clearly C. clearness D. very clear Câu 6:Your pencil is A. as sharp B. not sharp C. sharper D. sharp Câu 7: Despite its smaller size, the Indian Ocean is the Atlantic Ocean. A. as depth as B. is the same deep as C. deeper as D. as deep as Câu 8: Sharon from other women I know. A. different B. as different C. differs D. more different Câu 9: You can take . books as you want. A. as many B. as much C. so much D. too many Zalo: 033.926.4002
18. Câu 10: This one is prettier, but it costs as that one. A. as much as B. twice as much C. as many D. twice as many Câu 11: You must explain your problems A. as clear as you can B. as clearly as you can C. as clear than you are D. as clearly as you are Câu 12: His house is . mine. A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice Câu 13: For many children, nothing seems so exciting their first airplane ride. A. so does B. as C. same D. is Câu 14: Although she is very popular, she is not her sister. A. pretty as B. as pretty C. prettier than D. more pretty than Câu 15: We are going to Florida as soon as taking our final exams. A. were finish B. we’ll finish C. we’d finish D. we finish Zalo: 033.926.4002
19. Zalo: 033.926.4002
20. 1. Cách sử dụng TOO trong câu Too thường đứng trước tính từ (Adjective) và Trạng từ (adverb) để biểu thị tình trạng vượt quá sự mong đợi. A. Khi TOO đứng trước Tính từ (Adjective) * Cấu trúc 1: S + be + Too + Adjective + For Somebody to do something. Ý nghĩa: Điều gì quá để ai đó làm việc gì đó. Ví dụ: - This shirt is too small for him to wear. (for him not for he) - This milk is too cold for her to drink. (for her not for she) * Cấu trúc 2: S + be + Too + Adjective + For something. Ý nghĩa: Điều gì/ ai đó quá cho việc gì đó. Ví dụ: - She is too young for that posision. [Cô ấy quá trẻ cho vị trí đó.] - It is too expensive for a bike. [Cái giá quá đắt cho một chiếc xe đạp.] Zalo: 033.926.4002
21. * Cấu trúc 3: S + be + Too + Adjective + that Somebody can/ could not do something. Ý nghĩa: Điều gì đó quá khiến ai đó không thể làm gì. Ví dụ: - The house is too expensive that I could not buy it. [Ngôi nhà quá đắt khiến tôi không thể mua.] - He is too handsome that I could not even look into his eyes. [Anh ấy quá đẹp trai khiến tôi không dám nhìn thẳng vào mắt.] - Cấu trúc này thường ở dạng phủ định và cách dùng giống với cấu trúc So + Adjective + that + Clause. Zalo: 033.926.4002
22. B. Khi TOO đứng trước Trạng từ (Adverb) Cấu trúc: 1. S + Verb(ordinary) + Too + Adverb + For Somebody to do something. 2. S + Verb(ordinary) + Too + Adverb + that Somebody can/could not do something. Ví dụ: - He runs too fast for me to catch up. [Anh ta chạy quá nhanh so với tôi để đuổi kịp.] - He runs too fast that I can not catch up. [Anh ta chạy quá nhanh khiến tôi không thể đuổi kịp.] Nếu động từ sau chủ ngữ là To Be thì ta sẽ dùng Too + Adjective, Nếu theo sau chủ ngữ là động từ thường thì ta dùng Too + Adverb Zalo: 033.926.4002
23. 2. Cách sử dụng ENOUGH trong câu * Enough đứng trước danh từ (Nouns) Cấu trúc: 1. S + Verb (ordinary) + Enough + Noun + to do something. 2. S + Verb (ordinary) + Enough + Noun + that Somebody can/could (not) do something. Ví dụ: - I have enough money to buy anything. [Tôi có đủ tiền để mua bất cứ gì.] - I have enough money that I could buy anything. [Tôi có đủ tiền nên tôi có thể mua mọi thứ.] - She doesn't get enough score to pass the exam. [Cô ấy không đạt đủ điểm để vượt qua kì thi.] * Enough đứng sau Tính từ (Adjective) và Trạng từ (Adverb) Cấu trúc: 1. S + be + Adjective + enough for somebody to do something 2. S + be + Adjective + enough that somebody can/could (not) to do something 3. S + Verb + Adverb + enough for somebody to do something 4. S + Verb + Adverb + enough that somebody can not / could not do something Zalo: 033.926.4002
24. Ví dụ: - This lugguage is heavy enough for me to carry by hand. [Hành lý quá nặng cho tôi để xách bằng tay.] - This lugguage is heavy enough that I can carry by hand. [Hành lý đủ nặng nên tôi có thể xách bằng tay.] - He did not work hard enough to pass the the exam. [Anh ấy đã không học chăm chỉ để vượt qua kì thi.] 3. Ứng dụng của TOO và ENOUGH trong tiếng Anh Chúng ta thường dùng Too và Enough để viết lại câu, hoặc nối 2 câu đơn lại với nhau, hoặc biến đổi những thành phần cần thiết để chuyển câu d8u1ng với cấu trúc chứa “too”. Ví dụ: - The exercise is very difficult. He can not answer it. The exercise is too difficult for him to answer. HOẶC The exercise is too difficult that he can not answer it. - The piano is very heavy. Nobody can lift it. The piano is too heavy (for us) to lift. HOẶC The piano is not light enough to lift. HOẶC Nobody is not strong enough to lift the piano. Zalo: 033.926.4002
25. BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG Bài 1: Viết lại các câu sau, sử dụng “Too” hoặc “Enough” 1. This soup is very hot. We can’t eat it. 2. These oranges are ripe. You can eat them. 3. This morning is very cold. We couldn’t go swimming. 4. She can’t carry the box; it’s very heavy. 5. The room was very dirty. Nobody can learn it Zalo: 033.926.4002
26. Bài 2: Điền từ đúng vào chỗ trống, “too” or “enough” 1. I left the coffee for a minute to cool because it was . hot to drink. 2. He wasn’t strong . to lift that heavy box. 3. There aren’t policemen in our town. 4. Do you have . information to help me with this problem? 5. It is . difficult to do for a little child. 6. I do not have much time to prepare dinner. 7. I didn’t buy the car because it was . expensive. 8. He didn’t work hard . to pass the exam. 9. My mum can’t sleep because she drinks . much coffee. 10. She isn’t old to start driving. Zalo: 033.926.4002
27. Bài 3: Chọn câu trắc nghiệm đúng 1. It was ___ so we didn’t get it. A. expensive enough B. too expensive C. enough expensive 2. It’s ___ to read; I don’t understand it at all. A. enough difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough 3. They didn’t sell ___ to make it worthwhile. A. tickets enough B. enough tickets C. too tickets 4. There were ___ people there. A. too B. too many C. too much 5. It’s not ___ to sort things out. A. enough late B. late enough C. too lat 6. It’s ___ to pass. A. enough difficult B. too difficult C. too much difficult 7. I left because I’d had ___ their arguing. A. enough B. enough of C. too 8. He ate ___ and felt ill. A. enough much B. much enough C. too much 9. I’m shattered; I didn’t ___ last night. A. enough sleep B. sleep enough C. too sleep Zalo: 033.926.4002
28. 10. It’s ___ to walk- I’ll take the bus. A. enough far B. far enough C. too far Zalo: 033.926.4002
29. Bài 4: Combine each pair of sentences, using ENOUGH . TO.V or ENOUGH FOR . TO V 1. You aren’t old. You can’t have a front– door key. You aren’t old enough to have a front-door key. 2. The buffalo isn’t big. He can’t harm you. 3. The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. 4. He is rich. He can buy the car. 5. These exercises are easy. You can do them. 6. Those oranges are ripe. We can eat them. 7. Your brother was clever. He could do this exercise in a few minutes. 8. We weren’t early. We couldn’t see the first part of the play. Zalo: 033.926.4002
30. 9. I don’t have much money. I can’t buy this dress. 10. There is a lot of food in the fridge. We can eat it during the weekend. Zalo: 033.926.4002
31. Bài 5: Combine these sentences, using enough 1. She’s not old. She can’t get married yet. 2. The water is quite warm. I can drink it. 3. That chair isn’t strong. We can’t stand on that chair. 4. Are you very tall? Can you reach the top shelf? 5. It’s not warm today. We can’t go outside. 6. This shirt is big. He can wear it. 7. Mary doesn’t have money. She can’t buy a new bicycle. 8. It’t warm tonight. We can go out. Zalo: 033.926.4002
32. 9. This novel is interesting. We can read it. 10. He has no time. He can’t finish this work. Zalo: 033.926.4002
33. Đáp án: 1. She’s not old enough to get married. 2. The water is warm enough for me to drink it. 3. That chair isn’t strong enough for us to stand on. 4. Are you tall enough to reach the top shelf? 5. Today, It’s not warm enough for us to go outside. 7. Mary doesn’t have enough money to buy a new bicycle. 8. It’s warm enough tonight for us to go out. 9. This novel is interesting enough for us to read. 10. He doesn’t have enough time to finish this work. Zalo: 033.926.4002